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Barak A, Safyon M, Ben-Ezra L. Ideological meaning-making in the aftermath of traumatic loss: Radicalization as meaning. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38619431 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2339910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In this qualitative study we explore the concept of ideological meaning-making, with a focus on political radicalization and its relation to the process of meaning-making. Through interviews with 33 individuals who experienced the loss of a close family member in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and subsequently became politically radicalized, four key themes emerged: preliminary decision, zoom out, mission, and radicalized self. Participants initially stabilize their beliefs through a preliminary ideological decision, followed by adopting a broader perspective (zoom out) that encompasses the political context. As the process unfolds, a deep commitment to an ideological cause (mission) emerges, leading to the integration of ideology with self-identity (radicalized self). This study contributes to constructivist theory by providing a nuanced understanding of how ideological radicalization intertwines with the process of meaning-making, offering valuable insights into the complex interplay between individual beliefs, self-identity, and the construction of meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Barak
- The Louis & Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mor Safyon
- The Louis & Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Liron Ben-Ezra
- The Louis & Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Kane L, Benson K, Stewart ZJ, Daughters SB. The impact of spiritual well-being and social support on substance use treatment outcomes within a sample of predominantly Black/African American adults. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 158:209238. [PMID: 38061630 PMCID: PMC10947916 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRO Substance use and associated problems often return following treatment for substance use disorder (SUD), which disproportionally impact Black/African American (AA) individuals. Social support and spiritual well-being are sources of recovery capital identified as particularly important among Black/AA adults. Social support and spiritual well-being are also posited mechanisms in 12-step; thus, this study tested the effects of social support and spiritual well-being on substance use outcomes over time, distinct from 12-step involvement, among Black/AA adults post-SUD treatment. The study hypothesized that social support and spiritual well-being would demonstrate significant interactions with time, respectively, on substance use frequency and substance use consequences, above the effect of 12-step involvement. METHOD The study drew data from a study of 262 adults (95.4 % Black/AA) entering residential SUD treatment (NCT#01189552). Assessments were completed at pretreatment and at 3-, 6-, and 12-months posttreatment. Two generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) tested the effects of social support and spiritual well-being, above the effect of 12-step involvement, on substance use frequency and substance use consequences over the course of 12-months posttreatment. RESULTS Higher spiritual well-being predicted significantly less frequent substance use during recovery (β = 0.00, p = .03). Greater 12-step involvement predicted significantly fewer substance use consequences during recovery (β = 0.00, p = .02). In post hoc analyses the effect of spiritual well-being and 12-step involvement dissipated by 3.5- and 6.6-months posttreatment, respectively. The study found no significant effects of social support over time. DISCUSSION Spiritual well-being and 12-step involvement are associated with lower substance use and substance use consequences, respectively, in the early months of posttreatment recovery among Black/AA adults. These findings contribute to the growing recovery capital literature informing paths to recovery and sources of support outside of 12-step affiliation. However, these effects diminish over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Kane
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America.
| | - Katherine Benson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Zachary J Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Stacey B Daughters
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
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Naghmeh R, Sadat Hoseini AS, Dehghan Nayeri N. Spiritual Health Consequences from the Iranian Adolescents' Perspective. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:344-355. [PMID: 37721603 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Spiritual health is a unique force that can influence the physical, mental, and social dimensions of life. In order to know the positive effects of spiritual health, it is necessary to explain the adolescents' experiences in this area. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate Iranian adolescents' experiences regarding the effects of spiritual health. This study was conducted based on a qualitative approach using content analysis. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 adolescents aged 14-18 years. Subsequently, the obtained data were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman method. In total, three major categories emerged from data analysis, including mental health promotion, self-control, and purposefulness in life. Considering the significant effects of spiritual health on adolescents' development, it is essential to pay attention to this dimension of health and develop plans to enhance it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razaghi Naghmeh
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akram Sadat Sadat Hoseini
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tohid Square, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nahid Dehghan Nayeri
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hung C, Ni Y, Geldhof GJ, Berg J, McMahon R. Life goal selection pattern and purpose in adolescence: A latent class analysis. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1365-1376. [PMID: 37345900 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the goal selection patterns among adolescents and examines the extent to which goals focused on oneself, relationships, and the larger community were associated with variability of daily purpose and mean level sense of purpose in life. METHODS Participants were 213 high school students with an average age of 15.18 years in an urban public school district in the Northeast United States. Students were asked to select their three most important goals one time and report on their sense of purpose once a day for 3 weeks in spring of 2022. Latent class analysis was used to classify students by the type of goals selected. Differences in the overall sense of purpose and its subscales by class were examined. RESULTS A model with four classes (Self and Inner Circle, Inner Circle, Other-Oriented, and Self-Oriented) best fits the data. There were no statistical group differences in the variability of daily purpose and overall sense of purpose. Only one pairwise comparison was significant and indicated that students in the Other-Oriented group perceived their purpose as more meaningful than students in the Self and Inner Circle group. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study provide a lens into goal prioritization patterns among adolescents. Further, although students who were more likely to select other-oriented goals had somewhat higher perceptions of sense of purpose, findings support the concept of equifinality by suggesting that a sense of purpose may be actualized through a diverse set of specific goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChenYu Hung
- American Institutes for Research, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Yue Ni
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Juliette Berg
- American Institutes for Research, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert McMahon
- American Institutes for Research, Arlington, Virginia, USA
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Rodrigues SDA, de Carvalho EZN, Campos CA, Fontanella BJB, Melo DG. Exploring spiritual/religious coping strategies among mothers of children with severe or profound intellectual disability during genetic counseling in Brazil. J Genet Couns 2023. [PMID: 37665163 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Parents use several coping strategies to deal with the challenges of caring for children with disabilities. This qualitative study explored the spiritual/religious coping strategies adopted by Brazilian mothers of children with severe or profound intellectual disabilities who were attending the medical genetics clinic for genetic counseling. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants, selected by convenience. Thematic content analysis was used to investigate the data. Five major themes were recognized: (1) spirituality/religion as a source of resilience; (2) surrender to God's plan; (3) a feeling of predestination; (4) children with a disability perceived/conceived as a blessing; and (5) pleading for divine intervention. Participants highlighted the ability to recover and adapt to bad circumstances and stressful events with God's support using spiritual/religious resources and practices. They attributed the cause and control of events in their lives to an external and transcendental source, showing themselves to be resigned to the condition of their child with a disability and his/her demands. The feeling of predestination appeared as a form of divine intervention as well as a way of attributing meaning to the situation. Their child with a disability was compared constantly to an "angel," a celestial being created by God to be a messenger and fulfill divine purposes. From the participants' perspective, these coping mechanisms appeared to have helped them adjust to the situation. Spirituality and religiousness have become crucial in cultures such as Brazil, where religious practices, often highly syncretic, are common. A more detailed and comprehensive understanding of how spiritual/religious coping strategies are mobilized during the genetic counseling process can improve the cultural competence of genetic counselors and help guide proposals for more effective clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Crispim Antonio Campos
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Gusmão Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem (PPGEnf), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INaGeMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Poon CYS, Chan CS, Chau PPL, Chan CY. Be Still and You Will Know: A Mixed-Method Study on Solitude and Consideration of Future Consequences Among Youth in Rehabilitation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2023; 67:687-706. [PMID: 34784816 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x211058955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although solitude is found to be undesirable to many, systematic practice of it can yield positive psychological outcomes. This mixed-method study explored the process and influence of solitude as a behavioral intervention among youths in a therapeutic community in Hong Kong. Qualitative interviews with 43 youths (67.4% male, mean age = 18.3) revealed that solitude facilitated growth in their sense of personal responsibility, increased perspective-taking, increased respect for rules, change in life attitudes, and growth in consideration of future consequences. A two-wave prospective study (n = 79, 82.3% male, mean age = 17.4) further demonstrated perceived meaningfulness in solitude predicted an increase in consideration of future consequences, but not in other types of behavioral intervention. This study preliminarily demonstrated solitude has beneficial outcomes among high-risk youths, and meaning-making can facilitate this relationship.
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Niewiadomska I, Jurek K, Chwaszcz J, Korżyńska-Piętas M, Peciakowski T. PTSD as a Moderator of the Relationship Between the Distribution of Personal Resources and Spiritual Change Among Participants of Hostilities in Ukraine. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:479-499. [PMID: 35347577 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The theory of conservation of resources (COR) can be used to search for mechanisms that explain spiritual changes caused by trauma. The present study aimed to verify whether PTSD could be a potential moderator between the distribution of personal resources and spiritual changes. The study included a total of 324 adults (75 women and 243 men) aged 18-74. The mean age was 34.3 (SD = 9.9). The Polish adaptation of Hobfoll's Conservation of Resources-Evaluation (COR-E), the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Civilian Version and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory were employed in the research. This study analyzed the spiritual change, which is one of the five domains of posttraumatic growth. The outcomes indicated the significant role of PTSD as a moderator of the relationships between 1) personal resources gain and spiritual change and 2) personal resources loss and spiritual change. PTSD is not a moderator in the relationship between assigning value to personal resources and spiritual change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Niewiadomska
- Department of Social Psychoprevention, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jurek
- Department of Sociology of Culture, Religion and Social Participation, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Chwaszcz
- Department of Social Psychoprevention, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Peciakowski
- Department of Social Theories and Sociology of Family, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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Surzykiewicz J, Skalski SB, Niesiobędzka M, Konaszewski K. Exploring the mediating effects of negative and positive religious coping between resilience and mental well-being. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:954382. [DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.954382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:The purpose of the study was to examine more thoroughly the relationship between trait resilience and mental well-being. Although research demonstrates that this relationship is partially mediated by stress-related variables, no study has taken into account the mediating role of religious coping. We examined the mediating role of both variants of religious coping, positive and negative, along with specific strategies within the scope of religious coping strategies in a group of practicing Catholics.Method:Participants were 317 people aged 19–60 years (M = 24.34; SD = 6.30). The respondents indicated their gender and age, and then completed the RS-14 (trait resilience), RCOPE (religious coping), and WEMWBS (mental well-being) scales.Results:The results displayed a significant relationship between resilience and mental well-being (r = 0.67; p < 0.001). The relationship between resilience and positive religious coping was negligible (r = 0.09; p = 0.74), contrary to the relationship between resilience and negative coping that was significant but weak (r = −0.29; p < 0.001). Although the relationships between overall negative and positive religious coping with mental well-being were irrelevant, we found significant relationships between some strategies and mental well-being. The mediation analysis has demonstrated that the general negative religious coping and the strategies of demonic reappraisal, passive religious deferral, and spiritual discontent have enhanced the positive relationship between resilience and mental well-being. Contrary to expectation, positive strategies did not mediate the relationship between resilience and mental well-being, except religious practices (c′path totaled β = 0.66; t = 15.74, p < 0.001). The insignificant mediation effect can stem from the fact that the relationship between positive religious coping and stress is noticeable only in the long term. We controlled age and sex as statistically significant covariates so that the mediation effects obtained were devoid of the influence of those critical variables on the models.Conclusion:This is the first study to investigate the role of religious coping as a mediator in the relationship between resilience and mental well-being.
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Meaning in Life Moderates Relations between Personality and Temperament and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Hospitalized Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1622-1635. [PMID: 35478302 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous research indicates that sensation seeking, emotion dysregulation, and impulsivity are predictive of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). A body of research supports that meaning in life predicts improved mental health and well-being, including fewer suicidal thoughts and attempts, yet no research has examined the moderating effects of meaning in life on the relations between personality and temperament and NSSI. Given the growing incidence rates of NSSI among adolescents and the potential lifelong consequences of NSSI, it is imperative to better understand the factors that reduce the rates at which adolescents in a clinical sample engage in NSSI. The present study investigates if the protective factors of meaning in life moderate the relation between personality and temperament variables and NSSI among 126 adolescents (71% female, Mage = 16.1, SD = 1.1, range 13-18, 80% White) residing in an inpatient psychiatric hospital who endorsed NSSI in the last 12 months. Results from hurdle modeling indicate that two subtypes of meaning in life, presence of meaning in life and search for meaning of life, may serve as robust protective factors against engagement in NSSI among a clinical sample of adolescents. Additionally, results suggest that search for meaning, but not presence of meaning in life, variables moderate the relations between personality and temperament and NSSI. Results provide evidence that meaning in life is an understudied variable of importance in understanding how to prevent or treat NSSI. It also underscores the need to develop, refine, and test meaning-making interventions.
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Muradwij N, Allwood M. Making meaning of community violence among adolescents: Associations between exposure, pro-violence attitudes and psychological symptoms. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:1315-1330. [PMID: 34599845 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined one type of adolescent meaning making (i.e., the development of beliefs about violence) and its association with reported mental health symptoms in a sample of youth exposed to community violence. Eighty-seven adolescents (age 11-18; 64.4% female) from a metropolitan city in the Northeast were recruited through Craigslist and recreation center postings and data collection occurred from 2009 to 2013. Participants completed self-reported measures of community violence exposure, attitudes toward violence, and psychological symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]. Bivariate correlations, hierarchical linear regressions, and mediation analyses examined the associations between exposure, beliefs about violence, and mental health symptoms. Self-reported pro-violence attitudes were positively correlated with depression symptoms (r = 0.32, p < 0.01) and PTSD (r = 0.45, p < 0.01). Pro-violence attitudes significantly mediated the relationship between community violence exposure and depression symptoms (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.003-0.061) and PTSD symptoms (95% CI = 0.046-0.260). Preliminary findings suggest that meaning making through the development of pro-violence attitudes may not protect against symptoms of PTSD and depression among youth. Findings can inform the integration of meaning making processes into community mental health interventions for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Muradwij
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 524 W 59th St, New York, United States, 10019, USA
| | - Maureen Allwood
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 524 W 59th St, New York, United States, 10019, USA
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Marco JH, García-Alandete J, Pérez Rodríguez S, Guillén V, Baños RM, Tormo-Irun MP. Spanish Validation of the Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale: Which Dimension of Meaning in Life Is More Associated With Psychopathology in People With Mental Disorders? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:832934. [PMID: 35185659 PMCID: PMC8847179 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.832934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess three dimensions of Meaning in Life (comprehension, purpose, and mattering) the Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale (MEMS) was developed, however, the MEMS's factorial structure has not yet been confirmed in a Spanish-speaking sample. A question that remains unanswered is which of the three dimensions of MiL are associated with psychopathology in clinical samples. AIMS (1) to analyze the psychometric properties of the MEMS in a Spanish non-clinical population, and (2) to identify which of the three dimensions of MiL shows the strongest relationship with depression, anxiety and positive affect in a clinical population. METHOD The non-clinical sample, consisted of N = 1106 Spanish adults, and the clinical sample consisted of 88 adults diagnosed with mental disorders. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis and regression analysis were carried out. RESULTS The three-factor model for the MEMS showed an acceptable fit, and full invariance across gender groups. In the clinical sample, the mattering dimension had the highest association with depression and anxiety, and purpose with positive affect. CONCLUSION The MEMS is an adequate instrument to assess the three dimensions of meaning in Spanish-speaking participants. These results support the importance of evaluating the MiL construct from a multidimensional perspective in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Heliodoro Marco
- University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Verónica Guillén
- University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Baños
- University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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Li AYC, Liu JKK. Effects of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity on well-being through meaning in life and its gender difference among adolescents in Hong Kong: A mediation study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study examines and explores the indirect effects of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity on well-being, namely self-esteem and life satisfaction, through presence of and search for meaning in life, and its gender difference among adolescents. 301 girls and 395 boys from Hong Kong participated in this cross-sectional survey study. Independent t-test, correlation and four mediation model analyses with a bootstrap of 5000 samples were conducted. Girls score higher in extrinsic religiosity (personal) and search for meaning in life; lower in self-esteem compared with boys. Presence of meaning in life was found to positively mediate the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic personal religiosity on self-esteem and life satisfaction for boys but is not significant for girls. However, intrinsic religiosity promotes higher search for meaning in life, which in turn lowers self-esteem only for girls. The indirect effect of extrinsic social religiosity on well-being was not significant for both genders. Finding suggests that boys benefit more from religiosity on well-being.
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Dwi Utari IN, Hamid AYS. Academic stress in adolescent students of an islamic-based school: the correlation with parenting style and spirituality. J Public Health Res 2021; 10. [PMID: 34060739 PMCID: PMC9309629 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents are vulnerable to experiencing academic stress because of exams
and their expectations about their careers. Proper parenting styles from
parents can reduce students’ academic stress. Also, Islamic-based schools
develop youth spirituality so it can reduce academic stress. This study
aimed to identify the correlation of parenting styles and spirituality with
academic stress in adolescent students of an Islamic-based school. Design and Methods The study was used descriptive correlative with a cross-sectional approach.
Data was collected online started from April 3rd to May
10th, 2020, with 109 respondents of the 12th-grade
senior student at Islamic-based high school MAN Jakarta Timur. Respondents
were selected by simple random sampling. This study used the Parental Care
Style Questionnaire, the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale, and the
Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents. Data were analysed using the
Pearson correlation analysis (CI 95%). Results There was a significant negative correlation between the democratic parenting
style and academic stress level (p=0.000). There was a negative correlation
between spirituality level and academic stress level (p=0.000). Conclusions This study suggests the parents use the democratic parenting style by
encouraging and giving comfort to their children to be open to their parents
about academic problems. Islamic-based schools should carry out routine
religious programs, such as reading the Qur'an every day before classes
start.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Achir Yani S Hamid
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java.
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Beltrán-Velasco AI, Mendoza-Castejón D, Fuentes-García JP, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Behavioural, psychological, and physiological stress markers and academic performance in immigrant and non-immigrant preschool and school students. Physiol Behav 2020; 225:113081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zarzycka B, Puchalska-Wasyl MM. Can Religious and Spiritual Struggle Enhance Well-Being? Exploring the Mediating Effects of Internal Dialogues. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:1897-1912. [PMID: 30604328 PMCID: PMC7359172 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-00755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although a number of studies have demonstrated links between religious/spiritual struggle and well-being, only a few have examined what makes religious/spiritual struggle increase or decrease well-being. The present paper aims to examine different forms of internal dialogues (IDs) as potential mediators of the relationship between religious/spiritual struggle and well-being among Roman Catholics. There were 143 respondents (81 female) who participated in the study. We applied the Religious and Spiritual Struggle Scale, the Internal Dialogical Activity Scale, and the Psychological Well-Being Scale. The results showed that religious/spiritual struggle triggers IDs. Three types of IDs-ruminative, supportive, and social simulation dialogues-were mediators in the relationship between religious/spiritual struggle and well-being. Although religious/spiritual struggle decreased well-being through its effect on ruminative dialogues, it improved well-being through its effects on supportive and social simulation dialogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zarzycka
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata M Puchalska-Wasyl
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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Fradelos EC, Tzavella F. Spiritual Climate as is Perceived by Greek Clinical Nurses. A Validation study. Mater Sociomed 2020; 32:66-70. [PMID: 32410895 PMCID: PMC7219727 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2020.32.66-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Organisational climate generally refers to issues such as information sharing climate, appreciation and recognition, concern for employee well-being, ethics and quality performance. In hospitals, it represents the shared beliefs and values that may affect the quality of care in health care groups and which could be managed to improve the quality of care. Aim: Aim of the study was the translation of the Spiritual climate Scale (SCS) in Greek language and the validation of the scale for the Greek population. Methods: The SCS is an anonymous self-administered questionnaire that contains four, five-point Likert scale, closed questions. The questionnaire was translated into Greek language and then back translated in the English in order to be checked for any inconsistencies. The sample of the study was 275 nurses, working in two public hospital in Athens. Exploratory factor analysis, with principal components analysis was performed for checking the construct validity of the questionnaire. The test–retest reliability and the internal consistency were also examined. Statistical analysis performed by the use of SPSS 25.0. Statistical significance level was set at p=0.05. Results: From the total 275 of the participants 238(86.5%) were women and the mean age was 43.8±8.7. The final Greek version of the questionnaire includes all of the four questions and one factor was exported from the exploratory factor analysis. The Cronbach-α coefficient was 0.902 for the total questionnaire. Conclusions: The SCS is a valid and reliable questionnaire that can be used for assessing spiritual climate in Greek clinical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos C Fradelos
- Internal Medicine Department, Special Infections Unit, Athens Hospital for Chest Diseases "Sotiria", Athens, Greece
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Hatala A, McGavock J, Michaelson V, Pickett W. Low risks for spiritual highs: Risk-taking behaviours and the protective benefits of spiritual health among Saskatchewan adolescents. Paediatr Child Health 2020; 26:e121-e128. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Adolescent risk-taking behaviours, such as substance use and early sexual activity, can adversely impact physical health and psychosocial development. A connection to spiritual health may buffer against the negative health impacts of several risk-taking behaviours. The aim of this study was to determine if higher spiritual health was associated with lower risk-taking behaviours among school-attending adolescents in Saskatchewan, Canada.
Methods
A representative sample of 4,751 adolescents in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan completed the Health Behaviour of School-aged Children (HBSC) questionnaire during the 2014 to 2015 school year. The main risk-taking behavioural outcomes were self-reported: smoking; alcohol; and cannabis use; as well as sexual intercourse. The main exposures related to spiritual health included four factors: connectedness to (1) one’s self; (2) others; (3) nature; and (4) notions of the transcendent. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to test for associations between exposures and outcome measures.
Results
The sample was balanced across gender, primarily Caucasian (71%), and primarily ages 11 to 15 years (48%). Adolescents indicated a high prevalence of spiritual health. Across all adjusted models, the results demonstrated that adolescents who value the various components of spiritual health showed a decreased likelihood of engaging in cigarette smoking, alcohol and marijuana use, and sexual intercourse.
Conclusion
The findings indicate the potential for spiritual health to be considered as the basis for public- and community-health interventions, pending further evidence from experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hatala
- University of Manitoba Faculty of Health Sciences – Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Jonathan McGavock
- University of Manitoba – Paediatrics and Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | | | - William Pickett
- Queen’s University – Public Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario
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Tyminski Q, Gonzalez A. The importance of health management and maintenance occupations while homeless: A case study. Work 2020; 65:297-301. [PMID: 31985479 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy for persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) is two decades lower than the general population; often, middle-aged adults experience such debilitating health issues due to homelessness that their physical bodies resemble that of a geriatric population. Environmental barriers limiting the ability for PEH to follow medical recommendations and access healthcare often result in decreased health outcomes for this population. The need to participate in survival occupations can reduce time spent in occupations related to health and wellness. This article presents a case study to demonstrate the impact that limited and intermittent access to healthcare can have on quality of life and wellbeing for PEH. The case study illuminates the significant impact health concerns can cause for a PEH, including eviction from shelters, verbal abuse from staff and peers, and dehumanization. This case study and resulting manuscript are designed to explore the need for health promotion occupations within a population of PEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Tyminski
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ariana Gonzalez
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Esan O, Esan A, Folasire A, Oluwajulugbe P. Mental health and wellbeing of medical students in Nigeria: a systematic review. Int Rev Psychiatry 2019; 31:661-672. [PMID: 31646912 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2019.1677220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the stresses common to medical school training, medical students in Nigeria face additional peculiar contemporary social problems due to income inequality, poverty, insecurity and political instability. These have a direct impact on their mental health and wellbeing. The aim of this study was to systematically review articles reporting on the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders among medical students in Nigeria. Studies were identified using MEDLINE, HINARI, African Journal Online (AJOL) and Google Scholar databases using search terms encompassing psychiatric morbidity amongst medical students. No date restrictions were applied to the search. The pooled prevalence estimate was calculated for each disorder. Psychological distress was present in 25.2% of the students, perceived stress in 60.5%, depression in 33.5% and anxiety in 28.8%. The current use of at least one psychoactive substance was present in up to 44.2%, while 35.5% of all the respondents had experienced one or more forms of abuse during their training as medical students. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among medical students in Nigeria is high. Positive coping mechanisms such as religiosity, positive reframing and resilience which were identified in this review should be optimized to reduce the burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyomi Esan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Arinola Esan
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayorinde Folasire
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Chairani R, Hamid AYS, Sahar J, Nurachmah E, Budhi TE. Strengthening resilience in families of street adolescents with embedding spiritual values. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hardy SA, Nelson JM, Moore JP, King PE. Processes of Religious and Spiritual Influence in Adolescence: A Systematic Review of 30 Years of Research. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:254-275. [PMID: 31206875 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This is a systematic review of 30 years (1988-2017) of empirical research on processes of religious/spiritual influence in adolescence. We followed a multi-step process that resulted in 241 studies organized according to eight research questions and the corresponding methods and analyses typically used to address them. We coded these studies based on the dimensions of religiosity/spirituality and the youth outcomes involved. In some cases (quantitative studies of mediation and moderation, as well as qualitative studies) we also coded a third process variable. Results of the coding process revealed a number of interesting patterns. First, religiosity/spirituality is generally adaptive for adolescents, protecting them from negative outcomes (e.g., risk behaviors and mental illness), and promoting positive youth development and flourishing. Nevertheless, in some contexts, religiosity/spirituality may be at least partially maladaptive. Second, there is some evidence, from experimental and longitudinal studies, that relations between religiosity/spirituality and adaptive outcomes are causal. Third, there are numerous complex and dynamic processes by which religiosity/spirituality relate to youth outcomes. In terms of mediation studies, the most salient mediating processes seem to involve religiosity/spirituality dimensions, peers, values/attitudes, and social control/norms. Fourth, religiosity/spirituality is multidimensional, involving various interwoven facets at the individual and ecological levels. Private or personal aspects of religiosity/spirituality (e.g., religious/spiritual importance) tend to be more salient predictors of outcomes than public aspects of religiosity/spirituality (e.g., religious worship service attendance). The results of this systematic review point to promising directions for future research. First, more research is needed studying a broader range of dimensions of religiosity/spirituality, processes of influence, and outcomes. In terms of religiosity/spirituality, much of the prior work has focused on overall religiosity/spirituality, and religious/spiritual behaviors (e.g., worship service attendance). In terms of outcomes, the emphasis has been on religiosity/spirituality protecting against maladaptive outcomes (e.g., substance use). Second, more research is needed examining the role of culture, and using more rigorous methods (e.g., experience sampling, experimental design, longitudinal design, or mixed methods). This systematic review provides a detailed analysis of what is known regarding processes of religious/spiritual influence in the lives of adolescents, and hopefully better positions researchers to move the field forward.
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Batalla VRD, Barrameda ALN, Basal JMS, Bathan ASJ, Bautista JEG, Rebueno MCDR, Macindo JB. Moderating effect of occupational stress on spirituality and depression of Registered Nurses in tertiary hospital: A structural equation model. J Adv Nurs 2018; 75:772-782. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Rey B. Macindo
- Faculty of Management and Development Studies University of the Philippines – Open University Laguna Philippines
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Gonçalves JRL, Jorge AP, Zanetti GC, Amaro EDA, Tótoli RT, Lucchetti G. Religiousness is associated with lower levels of anxiety, but not depression, in medical and nursing students. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2018; 64:537-542. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.06.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between religious and spiritual beliefs, anxiety and depression in medical and nursing students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with medical and nursing students from a Brazilian university. Students were randomly selected and filled out a questionnaire that contained sociodemographic, religious (Duke Religion Index), spirituality (Self-spirituality rating scale) and mental health - depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) data. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of R/E with mental health, with adjustments for sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: A total of 187 students (90.7%) were included in the study, 56.1% female, an average of 23 years old, and 69% were enrolled in the medical program. Of the students, 29.4% attended religious services once a week or more often, 10.7% had private religious activities once a day or more often, and the indexes of intrinsic religiosity and spirituality were moderate. In the linear regression, adjusted for sociodemographic variables, the religious attendance was the only factor associated with lower levels of anxiety (Beta: −0.178, p=0.026). The other dimensions of religiousness or spirituality were not associated with levels of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that only the religious attendance was associated with the mental health of the medical and nursing students. These results demonstrate that some students use religious support in an attempt to minimize the negative effects of their university life. This support seems to be more effective when it involves participation in religious social activities in relation to private activities.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Religion is increasingly conceptualized as a meaning system for adjustment and coping. Most of the conceptualizations are grounded in the Judeo-Christian tradition. They may thus not be applicable to Buddhism, which provides a distinct tenor of meaning for coping. This article seeks to construct a conceptual framework of Buddhism-as-a-meaning-system for coping with late-life stress. METHOD Literature review and conceptualization were employed. RESULTS Under this framework, Buddhism functions as a meaning system involving existential meaning, cognitive meaning, and behavioral meaning. CONCLUSION There is reason to believe that this framework promises to offer a holistic conceptual map of Buddhist coping in late life. Thus, it could serve as a guide for further empirical and theoretical exploration in the uncharted terrains of Buddhist coping in old age. In addition, gerontological practitioners could use this framework as a frame of reference when working with elderly Buddhist clients who are in stressful circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Xu
- a Independent Researcher , Block 53, Teban Gardens Road, #05-603, Singapore 600053
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25
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Meaning in life in cancer patients: relationships with illness perception and global meaning changes. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2017. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2018.71636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMeaning in life seems to play an important role at various stages of coping in cancer patients. It can influence the ways in which cancer patients perceive their illness and potential changes in beliefs and goals. The main aim of the current study is to examine how two dimensions – presence of and search for meaning – are related to illness perception and global meaning changes.Participants and procedureThe research was conducted among 231 cancer patients (136 women and 95 men), between 27 and 86 years of age (M = 56.73, SD = 12.64). They were diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer (stomach, colon, pancreas, liver, large intestine). The following research methods were used: the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Appraisal of the Disease Scale, and the Scale of Changes in Beliefs and Goals.ResultsPresence of meaning was associated with illness perceptions, changes of beliefs, and changes of goals. In contrast, there were no statistically significant relations between search for meaning and illness perception. The cluster analysis showed that the patients who were in presence style less negatively perceived their illness than those in presence and search style. The former also experienced fewer disruptions in important beliefs and goals than the latter. In addition, the patients in presence style were characterized by less negative illness perceptions and fewer disruptions in beliefs and goals than their compeers in indifferent style.ConclusionsHaving meaning in life is related to a more satisfactory image of the illness and fewer violations in the belief and goal system. Searching for meaning, even though accompanied by presence of meaning, is rather detrimental to illness perception and changes in beliefs and goals. The awareness of having a purpose and overarching aim in life helps cancer patients to interpret and organize their stressful experiences, and perceive the illness from a less negative perspective.
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Passanisi A, Craparo G, Pace U. Magical thinking and decision-making strategies among late adolescent regular gamblers: A mediation model. J Adolesc 2017; 59:51-58. [PMID: 28582650 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the relation between the tendency to seek supernatural connections between external events and one's own thoughts, words, and actions and gambling among late adolescents has been studied. Psychologists have called this tendency magical thinking. The principal aim of the present study was to test the fit of an explanatory model of risk that starts from magical thinking and passes through maladaptive decision-making strategies, culminating with pathological gambling. Two hundred twenty-two Italian late adolescents, regularly attending bingo halls, aged between 19 and 21 years, completed measures on magical thinking, decision-making strategies, and gambling. Results highlight that young adults adopting dysfunctional modes of thought (i.e. magical thinking) tend to engage with maladaptive styles of decision-making that predispose them to gamble.
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The Moderating Role of Spirituality in the Association between Stress and Substance Use among Adolescents: Differences by Gender. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 47:818-828. [PMID: 28493184 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents are exposed to various stressors that may increase the risk for substance use. Due to the detrimental, and potentially long-lasting, effects related to substance use, it is necessary to explore more optimal coping strategies. This study explored the association between substance use and stress among male and female high school students in relation to spirituality as a moderator. To examine these relationships, the study used cross-sectional data collected from 27,874 high school students (Male = 50.7%, Female = 49.3%) across 58 high schools in Maryland that included an ethnically diverse sample (49% Caucasian, 30% African American) with an average age of 16 years old. Bivariate results showed differences in substance use, stress, and spirituality between male and female students. Higher rates of substance use were generally found among male students compared to female students; rates tended to be higher among female students for stress and spirituality compared to their male counterparts. Multilevel analyses indicated a positive association between stress and substance use among male and female students after adjusting for demographic and school-level factors. Both male and female students who reported turning to spiritual beliefs when experiencing problems were less likely to use substances. However, the interaction between stress and spirituality was significant for males only. These findings suggest that stress may increase the propensity for substance use and that spirituality might be a viable coping mechanism useful for helping high school students adapt to stressful circumstances and situations.
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Soriano CAF, Sarmiento WD, Songco FJG, Macindo JRB, Conde AR. Socio-demographics, spirituality, and quality of life among community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults: A structural equation model. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 66:176-82. [PMID: 27343713 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing life expectancy of the population prompts an array of health conditions that impair an older adults' quality of life (QoL). Although demographics and spirituality have been associated with QoL, limited literature elucidated the exact mechanisms of their interactions, especially in a culturally-diverse country like Philippines. Hence, this study determined the relationship among socio-demographics, spirituality, and QoL of Filipino older adults in a community and institutional setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS A predictive-correlational study among 200 randomly-selected community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults was conducted, with a 99% power and a medium effect size. Data were collected using a three-part questionnaire from September to November 2015. The questionnaire was composed of the robotfoto, Spirituality Assessment Scale, and modified Older People's Quality of Life which assessed socio-demographics, spirituality, and QoL. RESULTS Analysis showed that institutionalization in a nursing home positively and negatively affected spirituality and QoL, generating an acceptable model (χ(2)/df=2.12, RMSEA=0.08, and CFI=0.95). The negative direct effect of institutionalization on social relationship, leisure, & social activities QoL (β=-0.42, p<0.01) also initiates a cascade of indirect negative effects on both spirituality and QoL dimensions. CONCLUSIONS The development of a structural model illustrating the interrelationship of socio-demographics, spirituality, and QoL helps healthcare professionals in predicting facets of spirituality and QoL that can be compromised by living in a nursing home. This understanding provides impetus in evaluating and refining geriatric healthcare programs, policies, and protocols to render individualized, holistic care in a socially-cohesive environment among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Winona D Sarmiento
- College of Nursing, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Manila, 1015, Philippines.
| | | | - John Rey B Macindo
- College of Nursing, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Manila, 1015, Philippines.
| | - Alita R Conde
- College of Nursing, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Manila, 1015, Philippines; The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Manila, 1015, Philippines.
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