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Anbar R, Chaturvedi N, Eastwood SV, Tillin T, Hughes AD. Carotid atherosclerosis in people of European, South Asian and African Caribbean ethnicity in the Southall and Brent revisited study (SABRE). Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1002820. [PMID: 36762303 PMCID: PMC9902363 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1002820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk differs by ethnicity. In comparison with Europeans (EA) South Asian (SA) people in UK experience higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, while African Caribbean people have a lower risk of CHD but a higher risk of stroke. Aim To compare carotid atherosclerosis in EA, SA, and AC participants in the Southall and Brent Revisited (SABRE) study and establish if any differences were explained by ASCVD risk factors. Methods Cardiovascular risk factors were measured, and carotid ultrasound was performed in 985 individuals (438 EA, 325 SA, 228 AC). Carotid artery plaques and intima-media thickness (cIMT) were measured. Associations of carotid atherosclerosis with ethnicity were investigated using generalised linear models (GLMs), with and without adjustment for non-modifiable (age, sex) and modifiable risk factors (education, diabetes, hypertension, total cholesterol, HDL-C, alcohol consumption, current smoking). Results Prevalence of any plaque was similar in EA and SA, but lower in AC (16, 16, and 6%, respectively; p < 0.001). In those with plaque, total plaque area, numbers of plaques, plaque class, or greyscale median did not differ by ethnicity; adjustment for risk factors had minimal effects. cIMT was higher in AC than the other ethnic groups after adjustment for age and sex, adjustment for risk factors attenuated this difference. Conclusion Prevalence of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques varies by ethnicity, independent of risk factors. Lower plaque prevalence in in AC is consistent with their lower risk of CHD but not their higher risk of stroke. Higher cIMT in AC may be explained by risk factors. The similarity of plaque burden in SA and EA despite established differences in ASCVD risk casts some doubt on the utility of carotid ultrasound as a means of assessing risk across these ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Anbar
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie V. Eastwood
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Therese Tillin
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alun D. Hughes
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Al Rifai M, Kanaya AM, Kandula NR, Cainzos-Achirica M, Patel J, Budoff M, Criqui MH, Blaha MJ, Virani SS. Distribution of calcium volume, density, number, and type of coronary vessel with calcified plaque in South Asians in the US and other race/ethnic groups: The MASALA and MESA studies. Atherosclerosis 2021; 317:16-21. [PMID: 33333344 PMCID: PMC7790973 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS South Asians (SA) experience disproportionately higher rates of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events than non-Hispanic whites (NHW) and several other Asian groups. The coronary artery calcium (CAC) Agatston score may not capture the unique characteristics of coronary plaque in SA. We therefore evaluated the prevalence and patterns of advanced CAC measures (specific coronary vessel involvement, CAC volume and density) in SA versus other race/ethnicities. METHODS We combined data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohorts. We used multivariable-adjusted linear regression models to compare advanced CAC measures between SA and other ethnicities. RESULTS Our analyses included 7,625 individuals (810 SA, 2,622 whites, 1,893 African Americans, 1,496 Hispanics, 803 Chinese Americans) with mean (SD) age 62 (10) years and 48% men. In adjusted analyses, compared to NHW, SA had lower overall CAC volume [beta coefficient (95% CI)] [-0.46 (-0.62,-0.29)] but higher overall CAC density [0.14 (0.11,0.18)]. These trends were similar when SA were compared to non-whites (Hispanics, Chinese Americans, and African Americans). SA had higher overall [0.07 (0.03,0.12)] and right coronary artery [0.09 (0.03,0.16)] CAC density compared to non-whites, while CAC volume was not significantly different between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS SA have lower CAC volume compared to NHW but similar compared to non-whites. Overall CAC density is higher among SA compared to NHW and non-whites. Future longitudinal studies of ASCVD events are required to confirm the prognostic significance of these findings among SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Al Rifai
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Namratha R Kandula
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miguel Cainzos-Achirica
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaideep Patel
- Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Michael H Criqui
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, USA; University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Salim S Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Saeed S, Kanaya AM, Bennet L, Nilsson PM. Cardiovascular risk assessment in South and Middle-East Asians living in the Western countries. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:1719-1725. [PMID: 33235604 PMCID: PMC7674869 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.7.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly a quarter of the world population lives in the South Asian region (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives). Due to rapid demographic and epidemiological transition in these countries, the burden of non-communicable diseases is growing, which is a serious public health concern. Particularly, the prevalence of pre-diabetes, diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing. South Asians living in the West have also substantially higher risk of CVD and mortality compared with white Europeans and Americans. Further, as a result of global displacement over the past three decades, Middle-Eastern immigrants now represent the largest group of non-European immigrants in Northern Europe. This vulnerable population has been less studied. Hence, the aim of the present review was to address cardiovascular risk assessment in South Asians (primarily people from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh), and Middle-East Asians living in Western countries compared with whites (Caucasians) and present results from some major intervention studies. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed to identify major cardiovascular health studies of South Asian and Middle-Eastern populations living in the West, relevant for this review. Results indicated an increased risk of CVD. In conclusion, both South Asian and Middle-Eastern populations living in the West carry significantly higher risk of diabetes and CVD compared with native white Europeans. Lifestyle interventions have been shown to have beneficial effects in terms of reduction in the risk of diabetes by increasing insulin sensitivity, weight loss as well as better glycemic and lipid control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahrai Saeed
- Sahrai Saeed, Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Alka M. Kanaya, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Louise Bennet
- Louise Bennet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Family Medicine, Lund University Malmo, Sweden
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Peter M Nilsson, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
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Ochoa-Rosales C, Portilla-Fernandez E, Nano J, Wilson R, Lehne B, Mishra PP, Gao X, Ghanbari M, Rueda-Ochoa OL, Juvinao-Quintero D, Loh M, Zhang W, Kooner JS, Grabe HJ, Felix SB, Schöttker B, Zhang Y, Gieger C, Müller-Nurasyid M, Heier M, Peters A, Lehtimäki T, Teumer A, Brenner H, Waldenberger M, Ikram MA, van Meurs JBJ, Franco OH, Voortman T, Chambers J, Stricker BH, Muka T. Epigenetic Link Between Statin Therapy and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:875-884. [PMID: 32033992 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of epigenetics in statins' diabetogenic effect comparing DNA methylation (DNAm) between statin users and nonusers in an epigenome-wide association study in blood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Five cohort studies' participants (n = 8,270) were classified as statin users when they were on statin therapy at the time of DNAm assessment with Illumina 450K or EPIC array or noncurrent users otherwise. Associations of DNAm with various outcomes like incident type 2 diabetes, plasma glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance (HOMA of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) as well as with gene expression were investigated. RESULTS Discovery (n = 6,820) and replication (n = 1,450) phases associated five DNAm sites with statin use: cg17901584 (1.12 × 10-25 [DHCR24]), cg10177197 (3.94 × 10-08 [DHCR24]), cg06500161 (2.67 × 10-23 [ABCG1]), cg27243685 (6.01 × 10-09 [ABCG1]), and cg05119988 (7.26 × 10-12 [SC4MOL]). Two sites were associated with at least one glycemic trait or type 2 diabetes. Higher cg06500161 methylation was associated with higher fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.34 [95% CI 1.22, 1.47]). Mediation analyses suggested that ABCG1 methylation partially mediates the effect of statins on high insulin and HOMA-IR. Gene expression analyses showed that statin exposure and ABCG1 methylation were associated with ABCG1 downregulation, suggesting epigenetic regulation of ABCG1 expression. Further, outcomes insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly associated with ABCG1 expression. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds light on potential mechanisms linking statins with type 2 diabetes risk, providing evidence on DNAm partially mediating statins' effects on insulin traits. Further efforts shall disentangle the molecular mechanisms through which statins may induce DNAm changes, potentially leading to ABCG1 epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ochoa-Rosales
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centro de Vida Saludable de la Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Jana Nano
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rory Wilson
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xu Gao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Oscar L Rueda-Ochoa
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Electrocardiography Research group, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Marie Loh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, U.K
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, U.K
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, U.K
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Partner Site Greifswald, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- KORA Study Centre, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Partner Site Greifswald, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, U.K
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, U.K
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Weir-McCall JR, Cassidy DB, Belch JJF, Gandy SJ, Houston JG, Lambert MA, Littleford RC, Rowland J, Struthers AD, Khan F. Whole-body cardiovascular MRI for the comparison of atherosclerotic burden and cardiac remodelling in healthy South Asian and European adults. Br J Radiol 2016; 89:20160342. [PMID: 27351693 PMCID: PMC5124930 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of using whole-body cardiovascular MRI (WB-CVMR) to compare South Asians (SAs)-a population known to have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but paradoxically lower prevalence of peripheral arterial disease-and Western Europeans (WEs). METHODS 19 SAs and 38 age-, gender- and body mass index-matched WEs were recruited. All were aged 40 years and over, free from CVD and with a 10-year risk of CVD <20% as assessed by the adult treatment panel (ATP) III risk score. WB-CVMR was performed, comprising a whole-body angiogram (WBA) and cardiac MR (CMR), on a 3-T MRI scanner (Magnetom(®) Trio; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) following dual-phase injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent. A standardized atheroma score (SAS) was calculated from the WBA while indexed left ventricular mass and volumes were calculated from the CMR. RESULTS SAs exhibited a significantly lower iliofemoral atheroma burden (regional SAS 0.0 ± 0.0 vs 1.9 ± 6.9, p = 0.048) and a trend towards lower overall atheroma burden (whole-body SAS 0.7 ± 0.8 vs 1.8 ± 2.3, p = 0.1). They had significantly lower indexed left ventricular mass (46.9 ± 11.8 vs 56.9 ± 13.4 ml m(-2), p = 0.008), end diastolic volume (63.9 ± 10.4 vs 75.2 ± 11.4 ml m(-2), p=0.001), end systolic volume (20.5 ± 6.1 vs 24.6 ± 6.8 ml m(-2), p = 0.03) and stroke volume (43.4 ± 6.6 vs 50.6 ± 7.9 ml m(-2), p = 0.001), but with no significant difference in ejection fraction, mass-volume ratio or global functioning index. These differences persisted after accounting for CVD risk factors. CONCLUSION WB-CVMR can quantify cardiac and atheroma burden and can detect differences in these metrics between ethnic groups that, if validated, may suggest that the paradoxical high risk of CVD compared with PVD risk may be due to an adverse cardiac haemodynamic status incurred by the smaller heart rather than atherosclerosis. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE WB-CVMR can be used to stratify and compare disease between ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deirdre B Cassidy
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Jill J F Belch
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Stephen J Gandy
- 2 NHS Tayside Medical Physics, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - J G Houston
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Matthew A Lambert
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Roberta C Littleford
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Janice Rowland
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Allan D Struthers
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Faisel Khan
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
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Tan ST, Scott W, Panoulas V, Sehmi J, Zhang W, Scott J, Elliott P, Chambers J, Kooner JS. Coronary heart disease in Indian Asians. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2014; 2014:13-23. [PMID: 25054115 PMCID: PMC4104373 DOI: 10.5339/gcsp.2014.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Indian Asian population accounts for a fifth of all global deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD deaths on the Indian subcontinent have doubled since 1990, and are predicted to rise a further 50% by 2030. Reasons underlying the increased CHD mortality among Indian Asians remain unknown. Although conventional cardiovascular risk factors contribute to CHD in Indian Asians as in other populations, these do not account for their increased risk. Type-2 diabetes, insulin resistance and related metabolic disturbances are more prevalent amongst Indian Asians than Europeans, and have been proposed as major determinants of higher CHD risk among Indian Asians. However, this view is not supported by prospective data. Genome-wide association studies have not identified differences in allele frequencies or effect sizes in known loci to explain the increased CHD risk in Indian Asians. Limited knowledge of mechanisms underlying higher CHD risk amongst Indian Asians presents a major obstacle to reducing the burden of CHD in this population. Systems biology approaches such as genomics, epigenomics, metabolomics and transcriptomics, provide a non-biased approach for discovery of novel biomarkers and disease pathways underlying CHD. Incorporation of these ‘omic’ approaches in prospective Indian Asian cohorts such as the London Life Sciences Population Study (LOLIPOP) provide an exciting opportunity for the identification of new risk factors underlying CHD in this high risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - James Scott
- NHLI, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
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Population-Based Reference Values for 3D Echocardiographic LV Volumes and Ejection Fraction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 5:1191-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hoogi A, Akkus Z, van den Oord SCH, ten Kate GL, Schinkel AFL, Bosch JG, de Jong N, Adam D, van der Steen AFW. Quantitative analysis of ultrasound contrast flow behavior in carotid plaque neovasculature. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2012; 38:2072-2083. [PMID: 23062375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intraplaque neovascularization is considered as an important indication for plaque vulnerability. We propose a semiautomatic algorithm for quantification of neovasculature, thus, enabling assessment of plaque vulnerability. The algorithm detects and tracks contrast spots using multidimensional dynamic programming. Classification of contrast tracks into blood vessels and artifacts was performed. The results were compared with manual tracking, visual classification and maximal intensity projection. In 28 plaques, 97% of the contrast spots were detected. In 89% of the objects, the automatic tracking determined the contrast motion with an average distance of less than 0.5 mm from the manual marking. Furthermore, 75% were correctly classified into artifacts and vessels. The automated neovascularization grading agreed within 1 grade with visual analysis in 91% of the cases, which was comparable to the interobserver variability of visual grading. These results show that the method can successfully quantify features that are linked to vulnerability of the carotid plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Hoogi
- Thoraxcenter Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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The increased prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and concentric remodeling in UK Indian Asians compared with European Whites. J Hum Hypertens 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2012.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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