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Liang Y, Ormazabal-Toledo R, Yao S, Shi YS, Herrera-Molina R, Montag D, Lin X. Deafness causing neuroplastin missense variants fail to promote plasma membrane Ca 2+-ATPase levels and Ca 2+ transient regulation in brain neurons. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107474. [PMID: 38879011 PMCID: PMC11264175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Hearing, the ability to sense sounds, and the processing of auditory information are important for perception of the world. Mice lacking expression of neuroplastin (Np), a type-1 transmembrane glycoprotein, display deafness, multiple cognitive deficiencies, and reduced expression of plasma membrane calcium (Ca2+) ATPases (PMCAs) in cochlear hair cells and brain neurons. In this study, we transferred the deafness causing missense mutations pitch (C315S) and audio-1 (I122N) into human Np (hNp) constructs and investigated their effects at the molecular and cellular levels. Computational molecular dynamics show that loss of the disulfide bridge in hNppitch causes structural destabilization of immunoglobulin-like domain (Ig) III and that the novel asparagine in hNpaudio-1 results in steric constraints and an additional N-glycosylation site in IgII. Additional N-glycosylation of hNpaudio-1 was confirmed by PNGaseF treatment. In comparison to hNpWT, transfection of hNppitch and hNpaudio-1 into HEK293T cells resulted in normal mRNA levels but reduced the Np protein levels and their cell surface expression due to proteasomal/lysosomal degradation. Furthermore, hNppitch and hNpaudio-1 failed to promote exogenous PMCA levels in HEK293T cells. In hippocampal neurons, expression of additional hNppitch or hNpaudio-1 was less efficient than hNpWT to elevate endogenous PMCA levels and to accelerate the restoration of basal Ca2+ levels after electrically evoked Ca2+ transients. We propose that mutations leading to pathological Np variants, as exemplified here by the deafness causing Np mutants, can affect Np-dependent Ca2+ regulatory mechanisms and may potentially cause intellectual and cognitive deficits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liang
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Ormazabal-Toledo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Songhui Yao
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Rodrigo Herrera-Molina
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dirk Montag
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Xiao Lin
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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Yeo XY, Kwon S, Rinai KR, Lee S, Jung S, Park R. A Consolidated Understanding of the Contribution of Redox Dysregulation in the Development of Hearing Impairment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:598. [PMID: 38790703 PMCID: PMC11118506 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of hearing impairment is multifactorial, with contributions from both genetic and environmental factors. Although genetic studies have yielded valuable insights into the development and function of the auditory system, the contribution of gene products and their interaction with alternate environmental factors for the maintenance and development of auditory function requires further elaboration. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of redox dysregulation as the converging factor between genetic and environmental factor-dependent development of hearing loss, with a focus on understanding the interaction of oxidative stress with the physical components of the peripheral auditory system in auditory disfunction. The potential involvement of molecular factors linked to auditory function in driving redox imbalance is an important promoter of the development of hearing loss over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Yeo
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soohyun Kwon
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea;
- Department of BioNanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimberley R. Rinai
- Department of Life Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungsu Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea;
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Wang P, Miller KK, He E, Dhawan SS, Cunningham CL, Grillet N. LOXHD1 is indispensable for coupling auditory mechanosensitive channels to the site of force transmission. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3752492. [PMID: 38260480 PMCID: PMC10802736 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3752492/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Hearing is initiated in hair cells by the mechanical activation of ion channels in the hair bundle. The hair bundle is formed by stereocilia organized into rows of increasing heights interconnected by tip links, which convey sound-induced forces to stereocilia tips. The auditory mechanosensitive channels are complexes containing at least four protein-subunits - TMC1/2, TMIE, CIB2, and LHFPL51-16 - and are located at the tips of shorter stereocilia at a yet-undetermined distance from the lower tip link insertion point17. While multiple auditory channel subunits appear to interact with the tip link, it remains unknown whether their combined interaction alone can resist the high-frequency mechanical stimulations owing to sound. Here we show that an unanticipated additional element, LOXHD1, is indispensable for maintaining the TMC1 pore-forming channel subunits coupled to the tip link. We demonstrate that LOXHD1 is a unique element of the auditory mechanotransduction complex that selectively affects the localization of TMC1, but not its close developmental paralogue TMC2. Taking advantage of our novel immunogold scanning electron microscopy method for submembranous epitopes (SUB-immunogold-SEM), we demonstrate that TMC1 normally concentrates within 100-nm of the tip link insertion point. In LOXHD1's absence, TMC1 is instead mislocalized away from this force transmission site. Supporting this finding, we found that LOXHD1 interacts selectively in vitro with TMC1 but not with TMC2 while also binding to channel subunits CIB2 and LHFPL5 and tip-link protein PCDH15. SUB-immunogold-SEM additionally demonstrates that LOXHD1 and TMC1 are physically connected to the lower tip-link complex in situ. Our results show that the TMC1-driven mature channels require LOXHD1 to stay coupled to the tip link and remain functional, but the TMC2-driven developmental channels do not. As both tip links and TMC1 remain present in hair bundles lacking LOXHD1, it opens the possibility to reconnect them and restore hearing for this form of genetic deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katharine K. Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Enqi He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Siddhant S. Dhawan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher L. Cunningham
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nicolas Grillet
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
- Lead contact
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Kim S, Kim N, Kang HM, Jang HJ, Lee AC, Na KJ. Canine Somatic Mutations from Whole-Exome Sequencing of B-Cell Lymphomas in Six Canine Breeds-A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2846. [PMID: 37760246 PMCID: PMC10525272 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine lymphoma (CL) is one of the most common malignant tumors in dogs. The cause of CL remains unclear. Genetic mutations that have been suggested as possible causes of CL are not fully understood. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is a time- and cost-effective method for detecting genetic variants targeting only the protein-coding regions (exons) that are part of the entire genome region. A total of eight patients with B-cell lymphomas were recruited, and WES analysis was performed on whole blood and lymph node aspirate samples from each patient. A total of 17 somatic variants (GOLIM4, ITM2B, STN1, UNC79, PLEKHG4, BRF1, ENSCAFG00845007156, SEMA6B, DSC1, TNFAIP1, MYLK3, WAPL, ADORA2B, LOXHD1, GP6, AZIN1, and NCSTN) with moderate to high impact were identified by WES analysis. Through a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of 17 genes with somatic mutations, a total of 16 pathways were identified. Overall, the somatic mutations identified in this study suggest novel candidate mutations for CL, and further studies are needed to confirm the role of these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungryong Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.-M.K.)
| | - Namphil Kim
- Biophotonics and Nano Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo-Min Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.-M.K.)
| | - Hye-Jin Jang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Daegu Health College, Daegu 41453, Republic of Korea;
| | | | - Ki-Jeong Na
- Laboratory of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.-M.K.)
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Cordes MHJ, Sundman AK, Fox HC, Binford GJ. Protein salvage and repurposing in evolution: Phospholipase D toxins are stabilized by a remodeled scrap of a membrane association domain. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4701. [PMID: 37313620 PMCID: PMC10303701 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GDPD)-like SMaseD/PLD domain family, which includes phospholipase D (PLD) toxins in recluse spiders and actinobacteria, evolved anciently in bacteria from the GDPD. The PLD enzymes retained the core (β/α)8 barrel fold of GDPD, while gaining a signature C-terminal expansion motif and losing a small insertion domain. Using sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis, we infer that the C-terminal motif derives from a segment of an ancient bacterial PLAT domain. Formally, part of a protein containing a PLAT domain repeat underwent fusion to the C terminus of a GDPD barrel, leading to attachment of a segment of a PLAT domain, followed by a second complete PLAT domain. The complete domain was retained only in some basal homologs, but the PLAT segment was conserved and repurposed as the expansion motif. The PLAT segment corresponds to strands β7-β8 of a β-sandwich, while the expansion motif as represented in spider PLD toxins has been remodeled as an α-helix, a β-strand, and an ordered loop. The GDPD-PLAT fusion led to two acquisitions in founding the GDPD-like SMaseD/PLD family: (1) a PLAT domain that presumably supported early lipase activity by mediating membrane association, and (2) an expansion motif that putatively stabilized the catalytic domain, possibly compensating for, or permitting, loss of the insertion domain. Of wider significance, messy domain shuffling events can leave behind scraps of domains that can be salvaged, remodeled, and repurposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Holden C. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
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Tsedilina TR, Sharova E, Iakovets V, Skorodumova LO. Systematic review of SLC4A11, ZEB1, LOXHD1, and AGBL1 variants in the development of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1153122. [PMID: 37441688 PMCID: PMC10333596 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1153122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pathogenic role of variants in TCF4 and COL8A2 in causing Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is not controversial and has been confirmed by numerous studies. The causal role of other genes, SLC4A11, ZEB1, LOXHD1, and AGBL1, which have been reported to be associated with FECD, is more complicated and less obvious. We performed a systematic review of the variants in the above-mentioned genes in FECD cases, taking into account the currently available population frequency information, transcriptomic data, and the results of functional studies to assess their pathogenicity. Methods Search for articles published in 2005-2022 was performed manually between July 2022 and February 2023. We searched for original research articles in peer-reviewed journals, written in English. Variants in the genes of interest identified in patients with FECD were extracted for the analysis. We classified each presented variant by pathogenicity status according to the ACMG criteria implemented in the Varsome tool. Diagnosis, segregation data, presence of affected relatives, functional analysis results, and gene expression in the corneal endothelium were taken into account. Data on the expression of genes of interest in the corneal endothelium were extracted from articles in which transcriptome analysis was performed. The identification of at least one variant in a gene classified as pathogenic or significantly associated with FECD was required to confirm the causal role of the gene in FECD. Results The analysis included 34 articles with 102 unique ZEB1 variants, 20 articles with 64 SLC4A11 variants, six articles with 26 LOXHD1 variants, and five articles with four AGBL1 variants. Pathogenic status was confirmed for seven SLC4A11 variants found in FECD. No variants in ZEB1, LOXHD1, and AGBL1 genes were classified as pathogenic for FECD. According to the transcriptome data, AGBL1 and LOXHD1 were not expressed in the corneal endothelium. Functional evidence for the association of LOXHD1, and AGBL1 with FECD was conflicting. Conclusion Our analysis confirmed the causal role of SLC4A11 variants in the development of FECD. The causal role of ZEB1, LOXHD1, and AGBL1 variants in FECD has not been confirmed. Further evidence from familial cases and functional analysis is needed to confirm their causal roles in FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Romanovna Tsedilina
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Sharova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriia Iakovets
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov Olegovna Skorodumova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
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Jung J, Müller U. Mechanoelectrical transduction-related genetic forms of hearing loss. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 32:100632. [PMID: 36936795 PMCID: PMC10022594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hair cells of the mammalian cochlea are specialized mechanosensory cells that convert mechanical stimuli into electrical signals to initiate the neuronal responses that lead to the perception of sound. The mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) machinery of cochlear hair cells is a multimeric protein complex that consists of the pore forming subunits of the MET channel and several essential accessory subunits that are crucial to regulate channel function and render the channel mechanically sensitive. Mutations have been discovered in the genes that encode all known components of the MET machinery. These mutations cause hearing loss with or without vestibular dysfunction. Some mutations also affect other tissues such as the retina. In this brief review, we will summarize gene mutations that affect the MET machinery of hair cells and how the study of the affected genes has illuminated our understanding of the physiological role of the encoded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsei Jung
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ulrich Müller
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Biallelic mutations in pakistani families with autosomal recessive prelingual nonsyndromic hearing loss. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:145-156. [PMID: 36472766 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic autosomal recessive hearing loss (DFNB) is an etiologically heterogeneous disorder group showing a wide spectrum of onset ages and severity. DFNB genes are very diverse in their types and functions, making molecular diagnosis difficult. DFNB is particularly frequent in Pakistan, which may be partly due to consanguinity. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to determine the genetic causes in Pakistani DFNB families with prelingual onset and to establish genotype-phenotype correlation. METHODS Whole exome sequencing and subsequent genetic analysis were performed for 11 Pakistani DFNB families including eight consanguineous families. RESULTS We identified eight pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations in LOXHD1, GJB2, SLC26A4, MYO15A, and TMC1 from six families. The GJB2 mutations were identified in two families each with compound heterozygous mutations and a homozygous mutation. The compound heterozygous mutations in LOXHD1 ([p.D278Y] + [p.D1219E]) and GJB2 [p.M1?] + [p.G12Vfs*2]) were novel. The four missense or start-loss mutations were located at well conserved residues, and most in silico analysis predicted their pathogenicity. In addition to causative mutations, we found compound heterozygous mutations in PTPRQ as variants of uncertain significance. CONCLUSION This study identified biallelic mutations as the underlying cause of early onset DFNB in six Pakistani families. This study will be helpful in providing an exact molecular diagnosis and treatment of prelingual onset deafness patients.
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Dias-Teixeira KL, Sharifian Gh M, Romano J, Norouzi F, Laurie GW. Autophagy in the normal and diseased cornea. Exp Eye Res 2022; 225:109274. [PMID: 36252655 PMCID: PMC10083687 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cornea and covering tear film are together the 'objective lens' of the eye through which 80% of light is refracted. Despite exposure to a physically harsh and at times infectious or toxic environment, transparency essential for sight is in most cases maintained. Such resiliency makes the avascular cornea a superb model for the exploration of autophagy in the regulation of homeostasis with relevancy to all organs. Nonetheless, missense mutations and inflammation respectively clog or apparently overwhelm autophagic flux to create dystrophies much like in neurodegenerative diseases or further exacerbate inflammation. Here there is opportunity to generate novel topical therapies towards the restoration of homeostasis with potential broad application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeff Romano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Norouzi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gordon W Laurie
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Liu J, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Wang R, Ma J, Bai X, Wang D. Loxhd1b inhibits the hair cell development in zebrafish: Possible relation to the BDNF/TrkB/ERK pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1065309. [PMID: 36505516 PMCID: PMC9729270 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1065309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in lipoxygenase homology domain 1 (LOXHD1) cause autosomal recessive inheritance, leading to high-frequency and intermediate-frequency hearing losses in patients. To date, studies on the localization of LOXHD1 gene expression are limited. In this study, we aimed to observe the expressions of Loxhd1b in zebrafish, C57BL/6 murine cochlea, and HEI-OC1 cells. Methods The expression of Loxhd1b in the auditory system of zebrafish was explored by in situ hybridization experiments of zebrafish embryos. The expression of Loxhd1b in cochlear and HEI-OC1 cells of C57BL/6 mice was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Confocal microscopic in vivo imaging was used to detect the number and morphological characteristics of lateral line neuromasts and inner ear hair cells in zebrafish that knocked down Loxhd1b gene. The effect of knockdown Loxhd1b gene on the development of zebrafish otolith and semicircular canal was observed using microscopic. Transcriptome sequencing was used to identify downstream molecules and associated signaling pathways and validated by western blotting, immunostaining, and rescue experiments. Results Results of the in situ hybridization with zebrafish embryos at different time points showed that Loxhd1b was expressed in zebrafish at the inner ear and olfactory pores, while the immunostaining showed that Loxhd1 was expressed in both C57BL/6 mouse cochlea and HEI-OC1 cells. Loxhd1b knockdown causes a decrease in the number of spinal and lateral line neuromasts in the inner ear of zebrafish, accompanied by weakened hearing function, and also leads to developmental defects of otoliths and ear follicles. The results of transcriptomics analysis revealed the downstream molecule brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and verified that Loxhd1b and BDNF regulate the formation of zebrafish hair cells by synergistic regulation of BDNF/TrkB/ERK pathway based on western blotting, immunostaining, and rescue experiments. Conclusion This was the first time that the BDNF/TrkB/ERK pathway was identified to play a critical role in the molecular regulation of the development of zebrafish hair cells and the auditory development by Loxhd1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Translational Medical Research Center, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, China,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of MOE, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qingchen Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Dawei Wang,
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Miao Y, Chen Y, Mi D. Role of gasdermin family proteins in the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11035. [PMID: 36254294 PMCID: PMC9568847 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer, accounting for 75%–85% of cases. The occurrence and progression of HCC involve multiple events. Pyroptosis is a gasdermins mediated programmed cell death and is intricately associated with cancerogenesis, including HCC. This review mainly concerns the recent research advances of the gasdermin family members in HCC. The biological roles and specific expression patterns of the family members are discussed, especially those that are involved in the regulatory pathways in the occurrence and progression of HCC. We provide the latest progress into the distinct molecular mechanisms of gasdermin family members involved in the occurrence and development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Miao
- The Cancer Center, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Yonggang Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Denghai Mi
- Gansu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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12
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Imtiaz A. ARNSHL gene identification: past, present and future. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1185-1193. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Wang WQ, Gao X, Huang SS, Kang DY, Xu JC, Yang K, Han MY, Zhang X, Yang SY, Yuan YY, Dai P. Genetic Analysis of the LOXHD1 Gene in Chinese Patients With Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss. Front Genet 2022; 13:825082. [PMID: 35711932 PMCID: PMC9196635 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.825082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is a common neurosensory disease with an extreme genetic heterogeneity which has been linked to variants in over 120 genes. The LOXHD1 gene (DFNB77), encoding lipoxygenase homology domain 1, is a rare hearing loss gene found in several populations. To evaluate the importance of LOXHD1 variants in Chinese patients with NSHL, we performed genetic analysis on LOXHD1 in 2,901 sporadic Chinese patients to identify the aspect and frequency of LOXHD1 causative variants. Next-generation sequencing using a custom gene panel of HL was conducted on 2,641 unrelated patients and whole-exome sequencing on the remaining 260 patients. A total of 33 likely causative variants were identified in 21 patients, including 20 novel variants and 13 previously reported pathogenic variants. Each of the 20 novel variants was evaluated according to ACMG criteria. These findings showed that causative variants in LOXHD1 were found in about 0.72% (21/2,901) of Chinese NSHL patients. This study is by far the largest number of novel variants identified in this gene expanding the range of pathogenic variants in LOXHD1, and suggests that variants in this gene occur relatively commonly in Chinese NSHL patients. This extensive investigation of LOXHD1 in Chinese NSHL patients proposed six recurrent LOXHD1 variants. These findings may assist in both molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sha-Sha Huang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Yang Kang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Cao Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yu Han
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Yi Yuan
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Dai
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
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14
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Deng Q, Natesan R, Cidre-Aranaz F, Arif S, Liu Y, Rasool RU, Wang P, Mitchell-Velasquez E, Das CK, Vinca E, Cramer Z, Grohar PJ, Chou M, Kumar-Sinha C, Weber K, Eisinger-Mathason TK, Grillet N, Grünewald T, Asangani IA. Oncofusion-driven de novo enhancer assembly promotes malignancy in Ewing sarcoma via aberrant expression of the stereociliary protein LOXHD1. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110971. [PMID: 35705030 PMCID: PMC9716578 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a highly aggressive tumor of bone and soft tissues that mostly affects children and adolescents. The pathognomonic oncofusion EWSR1::FLI1 transcription factor drives EwS by orchestrating an oncogenic transcription program through de novo enhancers. By integrative analysis of thousands of transcriptomes representing pan-cancer cell lines, primary cancers, metastasis, and normal tissues, we identify a 32-gene signature (ESS32 [Ewing Sarcoma Specific 32]) that stratifies EwS from pan-cancer. Among the ESS32, LOXHD1, encoding a stereociliary protein, is the most highly expressed gene through an alternative transcription start site. Deletion or silencing of EWSR1::FLI1 bound upstream de novo enhancer results in loss of the LOXHD1 short isoform, altering EWSR1::FLI1 and HIF1α pathway genes and resulting in decreased proliferation/invasion of EwS cells. These observations implicate LOXHD1 as a biomarker and a determinant of EwS metastasis and suggest new avenues for developing LOXHD1-targeted drugs or cellular therapies for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Ramakrishnan Natesan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Florencia Cidre-Aranaz
- Max-Eder Research Group of Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shehbeel Arif
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reyaz ur Rasool
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erick Mitchell-Velasquez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chandan Kanta Das
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Endrit Vinca
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zvi Cramer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Margaret Chou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chandan Kumar-Sinha
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristy Weber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T.S. Karin Eisinger-Mathason
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Grillet
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group of Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irfan A. Asangani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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15
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Acharya A, Schrauwen I, Leal SM. Identification of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment genes through the study of consanguineous and non-consanguineous families: past, present, and future. Hum Genet 2022; 141:413-430. [PMID: 34291353 PMCID: PMC10416318 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hearing impairment (HI) is one of the most common sensory disabilities with exceptionally high genetic heterogeneity. Of genetic HI cases, 30% are syndromic and 70% are nonsyndromic. For nonsyndromic (NS) HI, 77% of the cases are due to autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance. ARNSHI is usually congenital/prelingual, severe-to-profound, affects all frequencies and is not progressive. Thus far, 73 ARNSHI genes have been identified. Populations with high rates of consanguinity have been crucial in the identification of ARNSHI genes, and 92% (67/73) of these genes were identified in consanguineous families. Recent changes in genomic technologies and analyses have allowed a shift towards ARNSHI gene discovery in outbred populations. The latter is crucial towards understanding the genetic architecture of ARNSHI in diverse and understudied populations. We present an overview of the 73 ARNSHI genes, the methods used to identify them, including next-generation sequencing which revolutionized the field, and new technologies that show great promise in advancing ARNSHI discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Acharya
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabelle Schrauwen
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Mechanotransduction in mammalian sensory hair cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 120:103706. [PMID: 35218890 PMCID: PMC9177625 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the inner ear, the auditory and vestibular systems detect and translate sensory information regarding sound and balance. The sensory cells that transform mechanical input into an electrical signal in these systems are called hair cells. A specialized organelle on the apical surface of the hair cells called the hair bundle detects the mechanical signals. Displacement of the hair bundle causes mechanotransduction channels to open. The morphology and organization of the hair bundle, as well as the properties and characteristics of the mechanotransduction process, differ between the different hair cell types in the auditory and vestibular systems. These differences likely contribute to maximizing the transduction of specific signals in each system. This review will discuss the molecules essential for mechanotransduction and the properties of the mechanotransduction process, focusing our attention on recent data and differences between the auditory and vestibular systems.
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17
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Ghasemnejad T, Shekari Khaniani M, Nouri Nojadeh J, Mansoori Derakhshan S. A novel missense variant in ESRRB gene causing autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss: in silico analysis of a case. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:18. [PMID: 35101039 PMCID: PMC8805370 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary hearing loss (HHL) is a common heterogeneous disorder affecting all ages, ethnicities, and genders. The most common form of HHL is autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL), in which there is no genotype–phenotype correlation in the majority of cases. This study aimed to identify the genetic causes of hearing loss (HL) in a family with Iranian Azeri Turkish ethnicity negative for gap junction beta-2 (GJB2), gap junction beta-6 (GJB6), and mitochondrially encoded 12S rRNA (MT-RNR1) deleterious mutations.
Methods Targeted genome sequencing method was applied to detect genetic causes of HL in the family. Sanger sequencing was employed to verify the segregation of the variant. Finally, we used bioinformatics tools and American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines to determine whether the detected variant might affect the corresponding protein or not. Results A novel homozygous missense mutation, c.499G>A (p.G167R), was identified in exon 5 of the ESRRB (estrogen-related receptor beta) gene. Healthy and affected family members confirmed the co-segregation of the variant with ARNSHL. Eventually, the variant's pathogenicity was confirmed by the in silico analysis and the ACMG/AMP guidelines. Conclusion The study suggests that the detected variant, c.499G>A, plays a crucial role in the development of ARNSHL, emphasizing the clinical significance of the ESRRB gene in ARNSHL patients. Additionally, it would be helpful for genetic counseling and clinical management of ARNSHL patients and providing preventive opportunities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01165-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Ghasemnejad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Shekari Khaniani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Nouri Nojadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Mansoori Derakhshan
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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18
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Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) is an etiologically heterogeneous disorder that affects around 5% of the world's population. There has been an exponential increase in the identification of genes and variants responsible for hereditary HL over recent years. Iran, a country located in the Middle East, has a high prevalence of consanguineous marriages, so heterogeneous diseases such as HL are more common. Comprehensive studies using different strategies from linkage analysis to next-generation sequencing, especially exome-sequencing, have achieved significant success in identifying possible pathogens in deaf Iranian families. About 12% of non-syndromic autosomal recessive HL genes investigated to date, were first identified in families from Iran. Variations of 56 genes have been observed in families with NSHL in Iran. Variants in GJB2, SLC26A4, MYO15A, MYO7A, CDH23, and TMC1 account for 16.5%, 16.25%, 13.5%, 9.35%, 6.9% and 4.92%, cases of NSHL, respectively. In summary, there are also different diagnostic rates between studies conducted in Iran. In the comprehensive investigations conducted by the Genetic Research Center of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences over the past 20 years, the overall diagnosis rate is about 80% while there are other studies with lower diagnostic rates which could reflect differences in project designs, sampling, and accuracy and validity of the methods used. Furthermore, there are several syndromic HHLs in Iran including, Waardenburg syndrome, BOR syndrome, Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome, Wolfram syndrome, among which Pendred and Usher syndromes are well-studied. These results are of importance for further investigation and elucidation of the molecular basis of HHL in Iran.
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19
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Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Koohiyan M, Hoseini M. An update on autosomal recessive hearing loss and loci involved in it. INDIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_115_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Trigila AP, Pisciottano F, Franchini LF. Hearing loss genes reveal patterns of adaptive evolution at the coding and non-coding levels in mammals. BMC Biol 2021; 19:244. [PMID: 34784928 PMCID: PMC8594068 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammals possess unique hearing capacities that differ significantly from those of the rest of the amniotes. In order to gain insights into the evolution of the mammalian inner ear, we aim to identify the set of genetic changes and the evolutionary forces that underlie this process. We hypothesize that genes that impair hearing when mutated in humans or in mice (hearing loss (HL) genes) must play important roles in the development and physiology of the inner ear and may have been targets of selective forces across the evolution of mammals. Additionally, we investigated if these HL genes underwent a human-specific evolutionary process that could underlie the evolution of phenotypic traits that characterize human hearing. Results We compiled a dataset of HL genes including non-syndromic deafness genes identified by genetic screenings in humans and mice. We found that many genes including those required for the normal function of the inner ear such as LOXHD1, TMC1, OTOF, CDH23, and PCDH15 show strong signatures of positive selection. We also found numerous noncoding accelerated regions in HL genes, and among them, we identified active transcriptional enhancers through functional enhancer assays in transgenic zebrafish. Conclusions Our results indicate that the key inner ear genes and regulatory regions underwent adaptive evolution in the basal branch of mammals and along the human-specific branch, suggesting that they could have played an important role in the functional remodeling of the cochlea. Altogether, our data suggest that morphological and functional evolution could be attained through molecular changes affecting both coding and noncoding regulatory regions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01170-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabella P Trigila
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Pisciottano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Current address: Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía F Franchini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Mutations in LOXHD1 gene can cause auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. OTOLARYNGOLOGY CASE REPORTS 2021; 21. [PMID: 35875410 PMCID: PMC9307087 DOI: 10.1016/j.xocr.2021.100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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22
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Lezirovitz K, Vieira-Silva GA, Batissoco AC, Levy D, Kitajima JP, Trouillet A, Ouyang E, Zebarjadi N, Sampaio-Silva J, Pedroso-Campos V, Nascimento LR, Sonoda CY, Borges VM, Vasconcelos LG, Beck RMO, Grasel SS, Jagger DJ, Grillet N, Bento RF, Mingroni-Netto RC, Oiticica J. A rare genomic duplication in 2p14 underlies autosomal dominant hearing loss DFNA58. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1520-1536. [PMID: 32337552 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we define a ~200 Kb genomic duplication in 2p14 as the genetic signature that segregates with postlingual progressive sensorineural autosomal dominant hearing loss (HL) in 20 affected individuals from the DFNA58 family, first reported in 2009. The duplication includes two entire genes, PLEK and CNRIP1, and the first exon of PPP3R1 (protein coding), in addition to four uncharacterized long non-coding (lnc) RNA genes and part of a novel protein-coding gene. Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression in blood samples revealed selective overexpression of CNRIP1 and of two lncRNA genes (LOC107985892 and LOC102724389) in all affected members tested, but not in unaffected ones. Qualitative analysis of mRNA expression identified also fusion transcripts involving parts of PPP3R1, CNRIP1 and an intergenic region between PLEK and CNRIP1, in the blood of all carriers of the duplication, but were heterogeneous in nature. By in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, we showed that Cnrip1, Plek and Ppp3r1 genes are all expressed in the adult mouse cochlea including the spiral ganglion neurons, suggesting changes in expression levels of these genes in the hearing organ could underlie the DFNA58 form of deafness. Our study highlights the value of studying rare genomic events leading to HL, such as copy number variations. Further studies will be required to determine which of these genes, either coding proteins or non-coding RNAs, is or are responsible for DFNA58 HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lezirovitz
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Gleiciele A Vieira-Silva
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ana C Batissoco
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Débora Levy
- Lipids, Oxidation, and Cell Biology Group, Head, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alix Trouillet
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ellen Ouyang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Navid Zebarjadi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Juliana Sampaio-Silva
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Pedroso-Campos
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa R Nascimento
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Cindy Y Sonoda
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Vinícius M Borges
- Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Laura G Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto M O Beck
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Signe S Grasel
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Jagger
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nicolas Grillet
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ricardo F Bento
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Regina C Mingroni-Netto
- Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Jeanne Oiticica
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
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23
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Liu X, Zheng T, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Liu H, Wang L, Liu P. Genetic mutations and molecular mechanisms of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. EYE AND VISION 2021; 8:24. [PMID: 34130750 PMCID: PMC8204469 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-021-00246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy is a hereditary disease and the most frequent cause of corneal transplantation in the worldwide. Its main clinical signs are an accelerated decrease in the number of endothelial cells, thickening of Descemet’s membrane and formation of guttae in the extracellular matrix. The cornea’s ability to maintain stromal dehydration is impaired, causing painful epithelial bullae and loss of vision at the point when the amount of corneal endothelial cells cannot be compensated. At present, apart from corneal transplantation, there is no other effective treatment that prevents blindness. Main text In this review, we first summarized the mutations of COL8A2, TCF4, TCF8, SLC4A11 and AGBL1 genes in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. The molecular mechanisms associated with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response pathway, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysregulation pathway, apoptosis pathway, mitophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway, RNA toxicity and repeat-associated non-ATG translation, and other pathogenesis, were then explored. Finally, we discussed several potential treatments related to the pathogenesis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, which may be the focus of future research. Conclusions The pathogenesis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy is very complicated. Currently, corneal transplantation is an important method in the treatment of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. It is necessary to continuously explore the pathogenesis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy and establish the scientific foundations for the development of next-generation corneal therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chuchu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hanruo Liu
- The Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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24
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Ivarsdottir EV, Holm H, Benonisdottir S, Olafsdottir T, Sveinbjornsson G, Thorleifsson G, Eggertsson HP, Halldorsson GH, Hjorleifsson KE, Melsted P, Gylfason A, Arnadottir GA, Oddsson A, Jensson BO, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Juliusdottir T, Stefansdottir L, Tragante V, Halldorsson BV, Petersen H, Thorgeirsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Sulem P, Hinriksdottir I, Jonsdottir I, Gudbjartsson DF, Stefansson K. The genetic architecture of age-related hearing impairment revealed by genome-wide association analysis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:706. [PMID: 34108613 PMCID: PMC8190123 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is the most common sensory disorder in older adults. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 121,934 ARHI cases and 591,699 controls from Iceland and the UK. We identified 21 novel sequence variants, of which 13 are rare, under either additive or recessive models. Of special interest are a missense variant in LOXHD1 (MAF = 1.96%) and a tandem duplication in FBF1 covering 4 exons (MAF = 0.22%) associating with ARHI (OR = 3.7 for homozygotes, P = 1.7 × 10-22 and OR = 4.2 for heterozygotes, P = 5.7 × 10-27, respectively). We constructed an ARHI genetic risk score (GRS) using common variants and showed that a common variant GRS can identify individuals at risk comparable to carriers of rare high penetrance variants. Furthermore, we found that ARHI and tinnitus share genetic causes. This study sheds a new light on the genetic architecture of ARHI, through several rare variants in both Mendelian deafness genes and genes not previously linked to hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna V Ivarsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gisli H Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristjan E Hjorleifsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hannes Petersen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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25
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Yu S, Chen WX, Zhang YF, Chen C, Ni Y, Duan B, Wang H, Xu ZM. Recessive LOXHD1 variants cause a prelingual down-sloping hearing loss: genotype-phenotype correlation and three additional children with novel variants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 145:110715. [PMID: 33892339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic mutations in LOXHD1 have been identified as the cause of DFNB77 (deafness, autosomal recessive 77). It is a new progressive, severe-to-profound, and late-onset nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss (NSHL), and is highly heterogeneous genetically and phenotypically. This study aimed to provide an additional three cases of DFNB77. METHODS We presented three unrelated children diagnosed with prelingual mild-to-severe NSHL, and their audiograms showed mild hearing loss at 250 Hz before downsloping to a moderate-to-severe degree. Trio whole-exome sequencing (WES) was conducted to identify the pathogenic variants. Additionally, we reviewed the literature to further analyze the relationships between the genotype and audiology phenotype of LOXHD1. RESULTS Six novel possible pathogenic LOXHD1 variants were identified, including three missense, one nonsense, and two splicing variants. The literature review showed that 68.5% of patients with DFNB77 onset before five years old; Most variants (62%) were associated with a down-sloping audiogram of mild-to-moderate hearing loss at low frequencies (200Hz, 500Hz), particularly variants in the protein domain of PLAT 9. We found that compared with homozygous LOXHD1 variants, individuals with heterozygous compound variants had a significantly milder phenotype, especially individuals carrying one missense and one splicing or bi-allelic missense variants (P < 0.05). Audiometric analysis at different ages showed that the hearing loss degree was aggravated at all frequencies by increasing age. CONCLUSIONS We report three children with prelingual NSHL carrying six novel LOXHD1 variants. Furthermore, our work indicates that DFNB77 may be milder than previously reported and recommends considering the genotype combination and mutation location of LOXHD1 and race-specificity in DFNB77 molecular diagnoses and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Xia Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Fei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Duan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zheng-Min Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Hytönen MK, Niskanen JE, Arumilli M, Brookhart-Knox CA, Donner J, Lohi H. Missense variant in LOXHD1 is associated with canine nonsyndromic hearing loss. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1611-1618. [PMID: 33983508 PMCID: PMC8521602 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is a common sensory deficit in both humans and dogs. In canines, the genetic basis is largely unknown, as genetic variants have only been identified for a syndromic form of hearing impairment. We observed a congenital or early-onset sensorineural hearing loss in a Rottweiler litter. Assuming an autosomal recessive inheritance, we used a combined approach of homozygosity mapping and genome sequencing to dissect the genetic background of the disorder. We identified a fully segregating missense variant in LOXHD1, a gene that is known to be essential for cochlear hair cell function and associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss in humans and mice. The canine LOXHD1 variant was specific to the Rottweiler breed in our study cohorts of pure-bred dogs. However, it also was present in some mixed-breed dogs, of which the majority showed Rottweiler ancestry. Low allele frequencies in these populations, 2.6% and 0.04%, indicate a rare variant. To summarize, our study describes the first genetic variant for canine nonsyndromic hearing loss, which is clinically and genetically similar to human LOXHD1-related hearing disorder, and therefore, provides a new large animal model for hearing loss. Equally important, the affected breed will benefit from a genetic test to eradicate this LOXHD1-related hearing disorder from the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo K Hytönen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia E Niskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meharji Arumilli
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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27
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Trouillet A, Miller KK, George SS, Wang P, Ali NES, Ricci A, Grillet N. Loxhd1 Mutations Cause Mechanotransduction Defects in Cochlear Hair Cells. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3331-3343. [PMID: 33707295 PMCID: PMC8051682 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0975-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sound detection happens in the inner ear via the mechanical deflection of the hair bundle of cochlear hair cells. The hair bundle is an apical specialization consisting of actin-filled membrane protrusions (called stereocilia) connected by tip links (TLs) that transfer the deflection force to gate the mechanotransduction channels. Here, we identified the hearing loss-associated Loxhd1/DFNB77 gene as being required for the mechanotransduction process. LOXHD1 consists of 15 polycystin lipoxygenase α-toxin (PLAT) repeats, which in other proteins can bind lipids and proteins. LOXHD1 was distributed along the length of the stereocilia. Two LOXHD1 mouse models with mutations in the 10th PLAT repeat exhibited mechanotransduction defects (in both sexes). While mechanotransduction currents in mutant inner hair cells (IHCs) were similar to wild-type levels in the first postnatal week, they were severely affected by postnatal day 11. The onset of the mechanotransduction phenotype was consistent with the temporal progression of postnatal LOXHD1 expression/localization in the hair bundle. The mechanotransduction defect observed in Loxhd1-mutant IHCs was not accompanied by a morphologic defect of the hair bundle or a reduction in TL number. Using immunolocalization, we found that two proteins of the upper and lower TL protein complexes (Harmonin and LHFPL5) were maintained in the mutants, suggesting that the mechanotransduction machinery was present but not activatable. This work identified a novel LOXHD1-dependent step in hair bundle development that is critical for mechanotransduction in mature hair cells as well as for normal hearing function in mice and humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hair cells detect sound-induced forces via the hair bundle, which consists of membrane protrusions connected by tip links. The mechanotransduction machinery forms protein complexes at the tip-link ends. The current study showed that LOXHD1, a multirepeat protein responsible for hearing loss in humans and mice when mutated, was required for hair-cell mechanotransduction, but only after the first postnatal week. Using immunochemistry, we demonstrated that this defect was not caused by the mislocalization of the tip-link complex proteins Harmonin or LHFPL5, suggesting that the mechanotransduction protein complexes were maintained. This work identified a new step in hair bundle development, which is critical for both hair-cell mechanotransduction and hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Trouillet
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Katharine K Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Shefin Sam George
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Noor-E-Seher Ali
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Anthony Ricci
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Nicolas Grillet
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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28
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Kim BJ, Jeon HW, Jeon W, Han JH, Oh J, Yi N, Kim MY, Kim M, Kim JN, Kim BH, Hyon JY, Kim D, Koo JW, Oh DY, Choi BY. Rising of LOXHD1 as a signature causative gene of down-sloping hearing loss in people in their teens and 20s. J Med Genet 2021; 59:470-480. [PMID: 33753533 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down-sloping sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in people in their teens and 20s hampers efficient learning and communication and in-depth social interactions. Nonetheless, its aetiology remains largely unclear, with the exception of some potential causative genes, none of which stands out especially in people in their teens and 20s. Here, we examined the role and genotype-phenotype correlation of lipoxygenase homology domain 1 (LOXHD1) in down-sloping SNHL through a cohort study. METHODS Based on the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) genetic deafness cohort, in which the patients show varying degrees of deafness and different onset ages (n=1055), we have established the 'SNUBH Teenager-Young Adult Down-sloping SNHL' cohort (10-35 years old) (n=47), all of whom underwent exome sequencing. Three-dimensional molecular modelling, minigene splicing assay and short tandem repeat marker genotyping were performed, and medical records were reviewed. RESULTS LOXHD1 accounted for 33.3% of all genetically diagnosed cases of down-sloping SNHL (n=18) and 12.8% of cases in the whole down-sloping SNHL cohort (n=47) of young adults. We identified a potential common founder allele, as well as an interesting genotype-phenotype correlation. We also showed that transcript 6 is necessary and probably sufficient for normal hearing. CONCLUSIONS LOXHD1 exceeds other genes in its contribution to down-sloping SNHL in young adults, rising as a signature causative gene, and shows a potential but interesting genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Jik Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, South Korea.,Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Won Jeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Woosung Jeon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jayoung Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, South Korea.,Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Justin Namju Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bo Hye Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Hyon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dongsup Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ja-Won Koo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Doo-Yi Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Byung Yoon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea .,Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
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29
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Karimi K, Farid AH, Myles S, Miar Y. Detection of selection signatures for response to Aleutian mink disease virus infection in American mink. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2944. [PMID: 33536540 PMCID: PMC7859209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aleutian disease (AD) is the most significant health issue for farmed American mink. The objective of this study was to identify the genomic regions subjected to selection for response to infection with Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) in American mink using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) data. A total of 225 black mink were inoculated with AMDV and genotyped using a GBS assay based on the sequencing of ApeKI-digested libraries. Five AD-characterized phenotypes were used to assign animals to pairwise groups. Signatures of selection were detected using integrated measurement of fixation index (FST) and nucleotide diversity (θπ), that were validated by haplotype-based (hap-FLK) test. The total of 99 putatively selected regions harbouring 63 genes were detected in different groups. The gene ontology revealed numerous genes related to immune response (e.g. TRAF3IP2, WDR7, SWAP70, CBFB, and GPR65), liver development (e.g. SULF2, SRSF5) and reproduction process (e.g. FBXO5, CatSperβ, CATSPER4, and IGF2R). The hapFLK test supported two strongly selected regions that contained five candidate genes related to immune response, virus–host interaction, reproduction and liver regeneration. This study provided the first map of putative selection signals of response to AMDV infection in American mink, bringing new insights into genomic regions controlling the AD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Karimi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - A Hossain Farid
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Sean Myles
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Younes Miar
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.
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30
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Vona B, Doll J, Hofrichter MAH, Haaf T, Varshney GK. Small fish, big prospects: using zebrafish to unravel the mechanisms of hereditary hearing loss. Hear Res 2020; 397:107906. [PMID: 32063424 PMCID: PMC7415493 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, advancements in high-throughput sequencing have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the mutational signatures responsible for hereditary hearing loss. In its present state, the field has a largely uncensored view of protein coding changes in a growing number of genes that have been associated with hereditary hearing loss, and many more that have been proposed as candidate genes. Sequencing data can now be generated using methods that have become widespread and affordable. The greatest hurdles facing the field concern functional validation of uncharacterized genes and rapid application to human diseases, including hearing and balance disorders. To date, over 30 hearing-related disease models exist in zebrafish. New genome editing technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9 will accelerate the functional validation of hearing loss genes and variants in zebrafish. Here, we discuss current progress in the field and recent advances in genome editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vona
- Department of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Julia Doll
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
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31
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Safka Brozkova D, Poisson Marková S, Mészárosová AU, Jenčík J, Čejnová V, Čada Z, Laštůvková J, Rašková D, Seeman P. Spectrum and frequencies of non GJB2 gene mutations in Czech patients with early non-syndromic hearing loss detected by gene panel NGS and whole-exome sequencing. Clin Genet 2020; 98:548-554. [PMID: 32860223 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-syndromic autosomal recessive hearing loss is an extremely heterogeneous disease caused by mutations in more than 80 genes. We examined Czech patients with early/prelingual non-syndromic, presumably genetic hearing loss (NSHL) without known cause after GJB2 gene testing. Four hundred and twenty-one unrelated patients were examined for STRC gene deletions with quantitative comparative fluorescent PCR (QCF PCR), 197 unrelated patients with next-generation sequencing by custom-designed NSHL gene panels and 19 patients with whole-exome sequencing (WES). Combining all methods, we discovered the cause of the disease in 54 patients. The most frequent type of NSHL was DFNB16 (STRC), which was detected in 22 patients, almost half of the clarified patients. Other biallelic pathogenic mutations were detected in the genes: MYO15A, LOXHD1, TMPRSS3 (each gene was responsible for five clarified patients, CDH23 (four clarified patients), OTOG and OTOF (each gene was responsible for two clarified patients). Other genes (AIFM1, CABP2, DIAPH1, PTPRQ, RDX, SLC26A4, TBC1D24, TECTA, TMC1) that explained the cause of hearing impairment were further detected in only one patient for each gene. STRC gene mutations, mainly deletions remain the most frequent NSHL cause after mutations in the GJB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Safka Brozkova
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Poisson Marková
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Uhrová Mészárosová
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Jenčík
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Čejnová
- Department of Medical Genetics, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Regional Health Corporation, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Čada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Laštůvková
- Department of Medical Genetics, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Regional Health Corporation, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Rašková
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Reproductive Medicine Gennet, Prague 7, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Seeman
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Liu XW, Wang JC, Wang SY, Li SJ, Zhu YM, Ding WJ, Xu CY, Duan L, Xu BC, Guo YF. The mutation frequencies of GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4 and MT-RNR1 of patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss in northwest China. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 136:110143. [PMID: 32645618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To expose the spectrum and frequency of GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4 and MT-RNR1 in northwest China and to investigate the underlying causative genes in patients without common mutations. METHODS We analyzed the mutation screening results of GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4 and MT-RNR1 in 398 unrelated severe-to-profound probands with bilateral, symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss. Subsequently, we selected 10 probands with a significant family history of inherited hearing loss (HL) that did not have the above four common gene mutations to perform next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 139 known deafness genes, followed by co-segregation analysis of all available family members. RESULTS Among the 398 patients, 69 (17.34%) had the biallelic GJB2 gene mutations, and the most common mutations were c.235delC, c.109G>A and c.299_300delAT, with allele frequencies of 12.31%, 3.38% and 3.89%, respectively. A total of 63 (15.83%) cases with biallelic SLC26A4 mutations were detected, and the most common pathogenic alleles were c.919-2A>G, c.2168A>G and c.1174A>T, with allele frequencies of 9.17%, 2.26% and 0.88%, respectively. Mitochondrial gene mutations were detected in 9 (2.26%) patients, with 5 cases of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) m.1555A>G mutation and 4 cases of mtDNA m.1095T>C mutation. In 10 probands with a clear family history of HL, NGS showed two novel pathogenic variants in 2 families, including c.4129C>T/c.3268C>T in LOXHD1, c.334G>A/c.2968G>T in CDH23. Sanger sequencing confirmed that these variants segregated with the HL in each family. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that GJB2 and SLC26A4 were the two major HL-causing genes in northwest China. The most common mutation alleles in GJB2 were c.235delC, c.109G>A and c.299_300delAT, and those in SLC26A4 were c.919-2A>G, c.2168A>G and c.1174A>T. In addition, both genes and their loci can be used as the first selection of deafness gene screening. Additionally, for patients who did not have mutations of these common genes, NGS provided an efficient diagnosis for increasing known deafness genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China
| | - Jian-Chao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, PR China
| | - Su-Yang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| | - Shu-Juan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China
| | - Chen-Yang Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China
| | - Bai-Cheng Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China
| | - Yu-Fen Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China; Health Commission of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
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Akil O. Dual and triple AAV delivery of large therapeutic gene sequences into the inner ear. Hear Res 2020; 394:107912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sävilammi T, Papakostas S, Leder EH, Vøllestad LA, Debes PV, Primmer CR. Cytosine methylation patterns suggest a role of methylation in plastic and adaptive responses to temperature in European grayling ( Thymallus thymallus) populations. Epigenetics 2020; 16:271-288. [PMID: 32660325 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1795597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a key environmental parameter affecting both the phenotypes and distributions of organisms, particularly ectotherms. Rapid organismal responses to thermal environmental changes have been described for several ectotherms; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms often remain unclear. Here, we studied whole genome cytosine methylation patterns of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) embryos from five populations with contemporary adaptations of early life history traits at either 'colder' or 'warmer' spawning grounds. We reared fish embryos in a common garden experiment using two temperatures that resembled the 'colder' and 'warmer' conditions of the natal natural environments. Genome-wide methylation patterns were similar in populations originating from colder thermal origin subpopulations, whereas single nucleotide polymorphisms uncovered from the same data identified strong population structure among isolated populations, but limited structure among interconnected populations. This was surprising because the previously studied gene expression response among populations was mostly plastic, and mainly influenced by the developmental temperature. These findings support the hypothesis of the magnified role of epigenetic mechanisms in modulating plasticity. The abundance of consistently changing methylation loci between two warmer-to-colder thermal origin population pairs suggests that local adaptation has shaped the observed methylation patterns. The dynamic nature of the methylomes was further highlighted by genome-wide and site-specific plastic responses. Our findings support both the presence of a plastic response in a subset of CpG loci, and the evolutionary role of methylation divergence between populations adapting to contrasting thermal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Sävilammi
- Department of Biology, University of Turku , Turku, Finland.,Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Erica H Leder
- Department of Biology, University of Turku , Turku, Finland.,Natural History Museum, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | - L Asbjørn Vøllestad
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul V Debes
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University College , Sauðárkrókur, Iceland
| | - Craig R Primmer
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
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Zhou Y, Tariq M, He S, Abdullah U, Zhang J, Baig SM. Whole exome sequencing identified mutations causing hearing loss in five consanguineous Pakistani families. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:151. [PMID: 32682410 PMCID: PMC7368710 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Hearing loss is the most common sensory defect, and it affects over 6% of the population worldwide. Approximately 50–60% of hearing loss patients are attributed to genetic causes. Currently, more than 100 genes have been reported to cause non-syndromic hearing loss. It is possible and efficient to screen all potential disease-causing genes for hereditary hearing loss by whole exome sequencing (WES). Methods We collected 5 consanguineous pedigrees from Pakistan with hearing loss and applied WES in selected patients for each pedigree, followed by bioinformatics analysis and Sanger validation to identify the causal genes. Results Variants in 7 genes were identified and validated in these pedigrees. We identified single candidate variant for 3 pedigrees: GIPC3 (c.937 T > C), LOXHD1 (c.6136G > A) and TMPRSS3 (c.941 T > C). The remaining 2 pedigrees each contained two candidate variants: TECTA (c.4045G > A) and MYO15A (c.3310G > T and c.9913G > C) for one pedigree and DFNB59 (c.494G > A) and TRIOBP (c.1952C > T) for the other pedigree. The candidate variants were validated in all available samples by Sanger sequencing. Conclusion The candidate variants in hearing-loss genes were validated to be co-segregated in the pedigrees, and they may indicate the aetiologies of hearing loss in such patients. We also suggest that WES may be a suitable strategy for hearing-loss gene screening in clinical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhou
- Seven Section of Department of Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Human Molecular Genetics, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sijie He
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Uzma Abdullah
- Human Molecular Genetics, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. .,BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Eshraghi AA, Polineni SP, Davies C, Shahal D, Mittal J, Al-Zaghal Z, Sinha R, Jindal U, Mittal R. Genotype-Phenotype Correlation for Predicting Cochlear Implant Outcome: Current Challenges and Opportunities. Front Genet 2020; 11:678. [PMID: 32765579 PMCID: PMC7381205 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use and utility of cochlear implantation has rapidly increased in recent years as technological advances in the field have expanded both the efficacy and eligible patient population for implantation. This review aims to serve as a general overview of the most common hearing disorders that have favorable auditory outcomes with cochlear implants (CI). Hearing loss in children caused by congenital cytomegalovirus infection, syndromic conditions including Pendred Syndrome, and non-syndromic genetic conditions such as hearing impairment associated with GJB2 mutations have shown to be successfully managed by CI. Furthermore, cochlear implantation provides the auditory rehabilitation for the most common etiology of hearing loss in adults and age-related hearing loss (ARHL) or presbycusis. However, in some cases, cochlear implantation have been associated with some challenges. Regarding implantation in children, studies have shown that sometimes parents seem to have unrealistic expectations regarding the ability of CI to provide auditory rehabilitation and speech improvement. Given the evidence revealing the beneficial effects of early intervention via CI in individuals with hearing disorders especially hearing loss due to genetic etiology, early auditory and genetic screening efforts may yield better clinical outcomes. There is a need to better understand genotype-phenotype correlations and CI outcome, so that effective genetic counseling and successful treatment strategies can be developed at the appropriate time for hearing impaired individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien A. Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Sai P. Polineni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Camron Davies
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - David Shahal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Zaid Al-Zaghal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Urmi Jindal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
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Novel loss-of-function mutations in COCH cause autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss. Hum Genet 2020; 139:1565-1574. [PMID: 32562050 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
COCH is the most abundantly expressed gene in the cochlea. Unsurprisingly, mutations in COCH underly hearing loss in mice and humans. Two forms of hearing loss are linked to mutations in COCH, the well-established autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss, with or without vestibular dysfunction (DFNA9) via a gain-of-function/dominant-negative mechanism, and more recently autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (DFNB110) via nonsense variants. Using a combination of targeted gene panels, exome sequencing, and functional studies, we identified four novel pathogenic variants (two nonsense variants, one missense, and one inframe deletion) in COCH as the cause of autosomal recessive hearing loss in a multi-ethnic cohort. To investigate whether the non-truncating variants exert their effect via a loss-of-function mechanism, we used minigene splicing assays. Our data showed both the missense and inframe deletion variants altered RNA splicing by creating an exon splicing silencer and abolishing an exon splicing enhancer, respectively. Both variants create frameshifts and are predicted to result in a null allele. This study confirms the involvement of loss-of-function mutations in COCH in autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss, expands the mutational landscape of DFNB110 to include coding variants that alter RNA splicing, and highlights the need to investigate the effect of coding variants on RNA splicing.
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38
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McGowen MR, Tsagkogeorga G, Williamson J, Morin PA, Rossiter ASJ. Positive Selection and Inactivation in the Vision and Hearing Genes of Cetaceans. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:2069-2083. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The transition to an aquatic lifestyle in cetaceans (whales and dolphins) resulted in a radical transformation in their sensory systems. Toothed whales acquired specialized high-frequency hearing tied to the evolution of echolocation, whereas baleen whales evolved low-frequency hearing. More generally, all cetaceans show adaptations for hearing and seeing underwater. To determine the extent to which these phenotypic changes have been driven by molecular adaptation, we performed large-scale targeted sequence capture of 179 sensory genes across the Cetacea, incorporating up to 54 cetacean species from all major clades as well as their closest relatives, the hippopotamuses. We screened for positive selection in 167 loci related to vision and hearing and found that the diversification of cetaceans has been accompanied by pervasive molecular adaptations in both sets of genes, including several loci implicated in nonsyndromic hearing loss. Despite these findings, however, we found no direct evidence of positive selection at the base of odontocetes coinciding with the origin of echolocation, as found in studies examining fewer taxa. By using contingency tables incorporating taxon- and gene-based controls, we show that, although numbers of positively selected hearing and nonsyndromic hearing loss genes are disproportionately high in cetaceans, counts of vision genes do not differ significantly from expected values. Alongside these adaptive changes, we find increased evidence of pseudogenization of genes involved in cone-mediated vision in mysticetes and deep-diving odontocetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R McGowen
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC
| | - Georgia Tsagkogeorga
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Williamson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip A Morin
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, La Jolla, CA
| | - and Stephen J Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Zhao T, Liu X, Sun Z, Zhang J, Zhang X, Wang C, Geng R, Zheng T, Li B, Zheng QY. RNA-seq analysis of potential lncRNAs for age-related hearing loss in a mouse model. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7491-7510. [PMID: 32335544 PMCID: PMC7202524 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (AHL) is an important health problem in the elderly population. Its molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the differential expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the cochleae of six-week-old and one-year-old C57BL/6J mice through RNA-seq analysis. We found 738 and 2033 differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, respectively, in these two groups (corrected P < 0.05). We focused on the intersection of known genes associated with hearing loss and differentially expressed mRNAs in RNA-seq. There are 34 mRNAs in this intersection, which include all 29 mRNAs enriched in the sensory perception of sound (GO: 0007605). We selected 11 lncRNAs that are predicted to regulate the 34 mRNAs to validate their expression levels in animal and cellular models of AHL by qRT-PCR. Among these lncRNAs, four were significantly different in both animal and cellular models of AHL, and the lncRNA NONMMUT010961.2 was the most markedly different. Knocking down lncRNA NONMMUT010961.2, we found the expression of oxidative stress and apoptosis-related gene Ar and hearing loss-related gene Hgf is significantly reduced in HEI-OC1 cells. Our results suggest that lncRNAs NONMMUT010961.2 may be associated with AHL and may thus lead to a new treatment for AHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiuzhen Liu
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Zehua Sun
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Chaoyun Wang
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ruishuang Geng
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tihua Zheng
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qing Yin Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
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Ahmadmehrabi S, Brant J, Epstein DJ, Ruckenstein MJ, Rader DJ. Genetics of Postlingual Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:401-409. [PMID: 32243624 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Literature and clinical practice around adult-onset hearing loss (HL) has traditionally focused on environmental risk factors, including noise exposure, ototoxic drug exposure, and cardiovascular disease. The most common diagnosis in adult-onset HL is presbycusis. However, the age of onset of presbycusis varies, and patients often describe family history of HL as well as individual variation in progression and severity. In recent years, there has been accumulating evidence of gene-environment interactions underlying adult cases of HL. Susceptibility loci for age-related HL have been identified, and genes related to postlingual nonsyndromic HL continue to be discovered through individual reports and genome-wide association studies. This review will outline main concepts in genetics as related to HL, identify implicated genes, and discuss clinical implications. Laryngoscope, 131:401-409, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Ahmadmehrabi
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason Brant
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas J Epstein
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Ruckenstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Lee S, Dondzillo A, Gubbels SP, Raphael Y. Practical aspects of inner ear gene delivery for research and clinical applications. Hear Res 2020; 394:107934. [PMID: 32204962 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The application of gene therapy is widely expanding in research and continuously improving in preparation for clinical applications. The inner ear is an attractive target for gene therapy for treating environmental and genetic diseases in both the auditory and vestibular systems. With the lack of spontaneous cochlear hair cell replacement, hair cell regeneration in adult mammals is among the most important goals of gene therapy. In addition, correcting gene defects can open up a new era for treating inner ear diseases. The relative isolation and small size of the inner ear dictate local administration routes and carefully calculated small volumes of reagents. In the current review, we will cover effective timing, injection routes and types of vectors for successful gene delivery to specific target cells within the inner ear. Differences between research purposes and clinical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsu Lee
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anna Dondzillo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Samuel P Gubbels
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Five Novel Mutations in LOXHD1 Gene Were Identified to Cause Autosomal Recessive Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss in Four Chinese Families. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1685974. [PMID: 32149082 PMCID: PMC7049443 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1685974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disorders in newborns and is mostly caused by genetic factors. Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) is usually characterized as a severe-to-profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss and later can cause various degrees of defect in the language and intelligent development of newborns. The mutations in LOXHD1 gene have been shown to cause DFNB77, a type of ARNSHL. To date, there are limited reports about the association between LOXHD1 gene and ARNSHL. In this study, we reported six patients from four Chinese families suffering from severe-to-profound nonsyndromic hearing loss. We performed targeted next generation sequencing in the six affected members and identified five novel pathogenic mutations in LOXHD1 including c.277G>A (p.D93N), c.611-2A>T, c.1255+3A>G, c.2329C>T (p.Q777 ∗ ), and c.5888delG (p.G1963Afs ∗ 136). These mutations were confirmed to be cosegregated with the hearing impairment in the families by Sanger sequencing and were inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. All of the five mutations were absent in 200 control subjects. There were no symptoms of Fuchs corneal dystrophy in the probands and their blood-related relatives. We concluded that these five novel mutations could be involved in the underlying mechanism resulting in the hearing loss, and this discovery expands the genotypic spectrum of LOXHD1 mutations.
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Usami SI, Nishio SY, Moteki H, Miyagawa M, Yoshimura H. Cochlear Implantation From the Perspective of Genetic Background. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:563-593. [PMID: 32027099 PMCID: PMC7064903 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While cochlear implantation (CI) technology has greatly improved over the past 40 years, one aspect of CI that continues to pose difficulties is the variability of outcomes due to numerous factors involved in postimplantation performance. The electric acoustic stimulation (EAS) system has expanded indications for CI to include patients with residual hearing, and is currently becoming a standard therapy for these patients. Genetic disorders are known to be the most common cause of congenital/early-onset sensorineural hearing loss, and are also involved in a considerable proportion of cases of late-onset hearing loss. There has been a great deal of progress in the identification of deafness genes over the last two decades. Currently, more than 100 genes have been reported to be associated with non-syndromic hearing loss. Patients possessing a variety of deafness gene mutations have achieved satisfactory auditory performance after CI/EAS, suggesting that identification of the genetic background facilitates prediction of post-CI/EAS performance. When the intra-cochlear etiology is associated with a specific genetic background, there is a potential for good CI performance. Thus, it is essential to determine which region of the cochlea is affected by identifying the responsible genes. This review summarizes the genetic background of the patients receiving CI/EAS, and introduces detailed clinical data and CI/EAS outcomes in representative examples. Anat Rec, 303:563-593, 2020. © 2020 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Usami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Nishio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Moteki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Maiko Miyagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hidekane Yoshimura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Malhotra D, Casey JR. Molecular Mechanisms of Fuchs and Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Corneal Dystrophies. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:41-81. [PMID: 32789790 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cornea, the eye's outermost layer, protects the eye from the environment. The cornea's innermost layer is an endothelium separating the stromal layer from the aqueous humor. A central role of the endothelium is to maintain stromal hydration state. Defects in maintaining this hydration can impair corneal clarity and thus visual acuity. Two endothelial corneal dystrophies, Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) and Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy (CHED), are blinding corneal diseases with varied clinical presentation in patients across different age demographics. Recessive CHED with an early onset (typically age: 0-3 years) and dominantly inherited FECD with a late onset (age: 40-50 years) have similar phenotypes, although caused by defects in several different genes. A range of molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain FECD and CHED pathology given the involvement of multiple causative genes. This critical review provides insight into the proposed molecular mechanisms underlying FECD and CHED pathology along with common pathways that may explain the link between the defective gene products and provide a new perspective to view these genetic blinding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darpan Malhotra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joseph R Casey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Zhang C, Hao S, Liu Y, Zhou B, Liu F, Zheng L, Ma P, Liu Q, Lin X, Yan Y, Zhang Q. A novel LOXHD1 variant in a Chinese couple with hearing loss. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:6082-6090. [PMID: 31709873 PMCID: PMC7045666 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519884197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To perform molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling in a young Chinese
couple with congenital hearing loss. Methods Variant screening analysis was performed by PCR and direct Sanger sequencing
or targeted next-generation sequencing of all known hearing loss genes.
Novel variants were evaluated by PolyPhen2 and PROVEAN software tools to
evaluate possible effects on protein function. Results We identified causative variants in the young couple: c.235delC
(rs80338943)/c.299-300delAT (rs111033204) compound heterozygous variants of
GJB2 in the husband and c.1828G>A (p.Glu610Lys,
rs535637788)/c.2825-2827delAGA compound heterozygous variants of
LOXHD1 in the wife. The LOXHD1
c.1828G>A variant has only previously been reported in a Mexican-American
individual in the 1000 Genomes Project database. Using PolyPhen2 and
PROVEAN, we speculated that the LOXHD1 variant c.1828G>A
is potentially pathogenic. Conclusion We carried out molecular diagnosis in a young couple with congenital hearing
loss, and identified different disease-causing genes in the two individuals.
The LOXHD1 variant c.1828G>A present in the wife had not
previously been reported in individuals with congenital hearing loss. We
determined this to be a potential pathogenic variant, and a novel variant
associated with hearing loss in a Chinese individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shengju Hao
- Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bingbo Zhou
- Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Furong Liu
- Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Panpan Ma
- Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Lin
- Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yousheng Yan
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Mutational Spectrum and Clinical Features of Patients with LOXHD1 Variants Identified in an 8074 Hearing Loss Patient Cohort. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100735. [PMID: 31547530 PMCID: PMC6826470 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants of the LOXHD1 gene, which are expressed in hair cells of the cochlea and vestibule, have been reported to cause a progressive form of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hereditary hearing loss, DFNB77. In this study, genetic screening was conducted on 8074 Japanese hearing loss patients utilizing massively parallel DNA sequencing to identify individuals with LOXHD1 variants and to assess their phenotypes. A total of 28 affected individuals and 21 LOXHD1 variants were identified, among which 13 were novel variants. A recurrent variant c.4212 + 1G > A, only reported in Japanese patients, was detected in 18 individuals. Haplotype analysis implied that this variation occurred in a mutational hot spot, and that multiple ancestors of Japanese population had this variation. Patients with LOXHD1 variations mostly showed early onset hearing loss and presented different progression rates. We speculated that the varying severities and progression rates of hearing loss are the result of environmental and/or other genetic factors. No accompanying symptoms, including vestibular dysfunction, with hearing loss were detected in this study. Few studies have reported the clinical features of LOXHD1-gene associated hearing loss, and this study is by far the largest study focused on the evaluation of this gene.
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Abstract
Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a common disease resulting from corneal endothelial cell dysfunction. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion with incomplete penetrance, and with a female bias. Approximately half of cases occur sporadically, and the remainder are familial. Early and late-onset forms of the disease exist. A review of the literature has revealed more than 15 genes harbouring mutations and/or single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with FECD. The proteins encoded by these genes cover a wide range of endothelial function, including transcription regulation, DNA repair, mitochondrial DNA mutations, targeting of proteins to the cell membrane, deglutamylation of proteins, extracellular matrix secretion, formation of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix junctions, water pump, and apoptosis. These genetic variations will form the platform for the further understanding of the pathological basis of the disease, and the development of targeted treatments. This review aims to summarise known genetic variations associated with FECD, discuss any known molecular effects of the variations, how these provide opportunities for targeted therapies, and what therapies are currently in development.
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48
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Nanda GG, Alone DP. REVIEW: Current understanding of the pathogenesis of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy. Mol Vis 2019; 25:295-310. [PMID: 31263352 PMCID: PMC6571125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the most prominent reason for corneal-endothelial transplantations across the globe. The disease pathophysiology manifests through a combination of various genetic and non-heritable factors. This review provides a comprehensive list of known genetic players that cause FECD, and discusses the prominent pathological features that participate in disease progression, such as channel dysfunction, abnormal extracellular matrix deposition, RNA toxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Although current practices to correct visual acuity involve surgical intervention, this review also discusses the scope of various non-surgical therapeutics to remedy FECD.
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Mohammadjavadi M, Ye PP, Xia A, Brown J, Popelka G, Pauly KB. Elimination of peripheral auditory pathway activation does not affect motor responses from ultrasound neuromodulation. Brain Stimul 2019; 12:901-910. [PMID: 30880027 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies in a variety of animal models including rodents, monkeys, and humans suggest that transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) has considerable promise for non-invasively modulating neural activity with the ability to target deep brain structures. However, concerns have been raised that motor responses evoked by tFUS may be due to indirect activation of the auditory pathway rather than direct activation of motor circuits. OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to examine the involvement of peripheral auditory system activation from tFUS stimulation applied to elicit motor responses. The purpose was to determine to what extent ultrasound induced auditory artifact could be a factor in ultrasound motor neuromodulation. METHODS In this study, tFUS-induced electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded and analyzed in wild-type (WT) normal hearing mice and two strains of genetically deaf mice to examine the involvement of the peripheral auditory system in tFUS-stimulated motor responses. In addition, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were measured to elucidate the effect of the tFUS stimulus envelope on auditory and motor responses. We also varied the tFUS stimulation duration to measure its effect on motor response duration. RESULTS We show, first, that the sharp edges in a tFUS rectangular envelope stimulus activate the peripheral afferent auditory pathway and, second, that smoothing these edges eliminates the auditory responses without affecting the motor responses in normal hearing WT mice. We further show that by eliminating peripheral auditory activity using two different strains of deaf knockout mice, motor responses are the same as in normal hearing WT mice. Finally, we demonstrate a high correlation between tFUS pulse duration and EMG response duration. CONCLUSION These results support the concept that tFUS-evoked motor responses are not a result of stimulation of the peripheral auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anping Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julian Brown
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerald Popelka
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kim Butts Pauly
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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50
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Shen N, Wang T, Li D, Liu A, Lu Y. Whole-exome sequencing identifies a novel missense variant within LOXHD1 causing rare hearing loss in a Chinese family. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:30. [PMID: 30760222 PMCID: PMC6373029 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Deafness, autosomal recessive 77 (DFNB77) is a rare non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) worldwide, which is caused by deleterious variants within lipoxygenase homology domains 1 (LOXHD1). Here we identified that a novel missense variant of LOXHD1 was associated with NSHL in a Chinese family under consanguineous marriage. Case presentation A 28-year-old woman suffered a bilateral profound NSHL. Impedance audiometry, temporal bone computerized tomography (TBCT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging-inner ear hydrography (MRI-IEH) did not find any obvious abnormality of middle or inner ear. Routine genetic detection did not find pathogenic variants in common HL-associated genes. Therefore, we performed a whole-exome sequencing (WES) in this family. By trio-WES, co-segregation validation and bioinformatics analysis, we revealed that a novel homozygous variant in this patient, LOXHD1: c.5948C > T (p.S1983F), might be the pathogenic factor. Her parents (heterozygotes) and brother (wild-type) were asymptomatic. Conclusions We successfully identified a novel variant of LOXHD1 associated with a rare NSHL from a Chinese family. Our finds highlight the effectiveness of trio-WES for molecular diagnosis of rare NHSL, and expand the genotypic spectrum of DFNB77. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-019-0758-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Delei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Aiguo Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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