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Neikirk K, Kabugi K, Mungai M, Kula B, Smith N, Hinton AO. Ethnicity-related differences in mitochondrial regulation by insulin stimulation in diabetes. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31317. [PMID: 38775168 PMCID: PMC11324399 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, which is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. However, recent studies reveal ethnicity-related differences in mitochondrial processes, underscoring the need for nuance in studying mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes among African Americans and individuals of African descent has brought attention to the role of ethnicity in disease susceptibility. In this review, which covers existing literature, genetic studies, and clinical data, we aim to elucidate the complex relationship between mitochondrial alterations and insulin stimulation by considering how mitochondrial dynamics, contact sites, pathways, and metabolomics may be differentially regulated across ethnicities, through mechanisms such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In addition to achieving a better understanding of insulin stimulation, future studies identifying novel regulators of mitochondrial structure and function could provide valuable insights into ethnicity-dependent insulin signaling and personalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kinuthia Kabugi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bartosz Kula
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA 14642
| | - Nathan Smith
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA 14642
| | - Antentor O. Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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2
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Miwa T, Yoshida S, Nakajima A, Koto R, Nishimura R. Comparison of medication persistence and adherence in type 2 diabetes using a once-weekly regimen of DPP-4 inhibitor compared with once-daily and twice-daily regimens: a retrospective cohort study of Japanese health insurance claims data. Diabetol Int 2024; 15:483-494. [PMID: 39101196 PMCID: PMC11291815 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-024-00714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Aims Assess medication persistence and adherence for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) administered once weekly (QW), once daily (QD), and twice daily (BID) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and explore factors associated with discontinuation and non-adherence for DPP-4i regimens. Methods This retrospective T2D cohort study used medical claims data for three DPP-4i regimens in patients newly prescribed DPP-4i between December 2016 and February 2019. Medication persistence rates were calculated at 3, 6, and 12 months by the Kaplan-Meier method. Adherence was measured as Proportion of Days Covered (PDC). We used Cox proportional hazards models for DPP-4i discontinuation and logistic regression models for non-adherence. Results In the analysis population of 52,762 patients, DPP-4i prescriptions were 84.2% QD, 11.8% BID, and 4.0% QW. Medication persistence rates were similar up to 6 months for all regimens: approximately 90% at 3 and 80% at 6 months. The 12-month persistence rates for QD, BID, and QW were 74.8%, 67.5%, and 68.0%, respectively. Median PDC was 94.0% for QD, 91.8% for BID, and 93.2% for QW. Five specific factors were associated with discontinuation: BID or QW regimen, younger age, no concomitant medications, comorbid dementia, and comorbid chronic pulmonary disease. Non-adherence was associated with those factors plus male sex and treatment at clinics with 0-19 beds. Conclusions The 12-month medication persistence rates were highest for QD, followed by QW and then BID. Adherence was similar for all three regimens. Medication persistence for DPP-4i may be improved by tailoring regimens to patient characteristics and needs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-024-00714-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Miwa
- Medical Science Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, 2-1, Kasumigaseki 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8585 Japan
| | - Shiori Yoshida
- Clinical Development Control Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakajima
- Clinical Development Control Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruriko Koto
- Medical Science Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, 2-1, Kasumigaseki 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8585 Japan
| | - Rimei Nishimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Gu Y, Liu M, Ma L, Quinn RJ. Advancing Kir4.2 Channel Ligand Identification through Collision-Induced Affinity Selection Mass Spectrometry. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:763-773. [PMID: 38449446 PMCID: PMC10949200 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The inwardly rectifying potassium Kir4.2 channel plays a crucial role in regulating membrane potentials and maintaining potassium homeostasis. Kir4.2 has been implicated in various physiological processes, including insulin secretion, gastric acid regulation, and the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases. Despite its significance, the number of identified ligands for Kir4.2 remains limited. In this study, we established a method to directly observe ligands avoiding a requirement to observe the high-mass ligand-membrane protein-detergent complexes. This method used collision-induced affinity selection mass spectrometry (CIAS-MS) to identify ligands dissociated from the Kir4.2 channel-detergent complex. The CIAS-MS approach integrated all stages of affinity selection within the mass spectrometer, offering advantages in terms of time efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, we explored the effect of collisional voltage ramps on the dissociation behavior of the ligand and the ligand at different concentrations, demonstrating dose dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Gu
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Linlin Ma
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School
of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Ronald J. Quinn
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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Veluthakal R, Esparza D, Hoolachan JM, Balakrishnan R, Ahn M, Oh E, Jayasena CS, Thurmond DC. Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Inter-Organ Miscommunications in T2D Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1504. [PMID: 38338783 PMCID: PMC10855860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogenous disease, and conventionally, peripheral insulin resistance (IR) was thought to precede islet β-cell dysfunction, promoting progression from prediabetes to T2D. New evidence suggests that T2D-lean individuals experience early β-cell dysfunction without significant IR. Regardless of the primary event (i.e., IR vs. β-cell dysfunction) that contributes to dysglycemia, significant early-onset oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple metabolic tissues may be a driver of T2D onset and progression. Oxidative stress, defined as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is mediated by hyperglycemia alone or in combination with lipids. Physiological oxidative stress promotes inter-tissue communication, while pathological oxidative stress promotes inter-tissue mis-communication, and new evidence suggests that this is mediated via extracellular vesicles (EVs), including mitochondria containing EVs. Under metabolic-related stress conditions, EV-mediated cross-talk between β-cells and skeletal muscle likely trigger mitochondrial anomalies leading to prediabetes and T2D. This article reviews the underlying molecular mechanisms in ROS-related pathogenesis of prediabetes, including mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics due to oxidative stress. Further, this review will describe the potential of various therapeutic avenues for attenuating oxidative damage, reversing prediabetes and preventing progression to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajakrishnan Veluthakal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (D.E.); (J.M.H.); (R.B.); (M.A.); (E.O.); (C.S.J.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (D.E.); (J.M.H.); (R.B.); (M.A.); (E.O.); (C.S.J.)
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5
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Ferreira G, Santander A, Cardozo R, Chavarría L, Domínguez L, Mujica N, Benítez M, Sastre S, Sobrevia L, Nicolson GL. Nutrigenomics of inward rectifier potassium channels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166803. [PMID: 37406972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels play a key role in maintaining the resting membrane potential and supporting potassium homeostasis. There are many variants of Kir channels, which are usually tetramers in which the main subunit has two trans-membrane helices attached to two N- and C-terminal cytoplasmic tails with a pore-forming loop in between that contains the selectivity filter. These channels have domains that are strongly modulated by molecules present in nutrients found in different diets, such as phosphoinositols, polyamines and Mg2+. These molecules can impact these channels directly or indirectly, either allosterically by modulation of enzymes or via the regulation of channel expression. A particular type of these channels is coupled to cell metabolism and inhibited by ATP (KATP channels, essential for insulin release and for the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus). Genomic changes in Kir channels have a significant impact on metabolism, such as conditioning the nutrients and electrolytes that an individual can take. Thus, the nutrigenomics of ion channels is an important emerging field in which we are attempting to understand how nutrients and diets can affect the activity and expression of ion channels and how genomic changes in such channels may be the basis for pathological conditions that limit nutrition and electrolyte intake. In this contribution we briefly review Kir channels, discuss their nutrigenomics, characterize how different components in the diet affect their function and expression, and suggest how their genomic changes lead to pathological phenotypes that affect diet and electrolyte intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ferreira
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Axel Santander
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Romina Cardozo
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luisina Chavarría
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Domínguez
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Mujica
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Milagros Benítez
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Sastre
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo CP 11800, Uruguay
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; Medical School (Faculty of Medicine), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil; University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, 4029, Queensland, Australia; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eutra, The Institute for Obesity Research (IOR), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
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Wang Z, Zhang L, Tang F, Yang Z, Wang M, Jia J, Wang D, Yang L, Zhong S, Yuan G. Transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocrine 2022; 78:270-279. [PMID: 35976509 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β cells. The goal of this study was to explore potential biological biomarkers for T1DM. METHODS Two microarray datasets (GSE55098 and GSE156035) about human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were systematically extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Common genes were identified from the perspective of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) respectively, and hub genes were identified by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. We also observed the expression of these hub genes in some common autoimmune diseases and predicted transcription factors (TFs) that might be associated with these genes. RESULTS Seven hub genes (DDIT4, ESCO2, SH3BP4, PRICKLE1, EPM2AIP1, KCNJ15 and GRM8) were finally identified. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the high expression of these genes could well predict the occurrence of T1DM. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested that most of these hub genes may be mainly involved in the changes of biological functions such as inflammation, infection, immunity, cancer, and apoptosis. Further, compared with the control group, the expression levels of these hub genes also changed in some other autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), etc., indicating that they might be the common targets of these autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSIONS The present study identified novel genes associated with T1DM from the PBMCs perspective that might provide new ideas for the early diagnosis, monitoring, evaluation, and prediction of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, China
| | - Fengyan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, China
| | - Zhongming Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Jue Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Shao Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, China.
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.
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7
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Wu H, Liu H, Liu H, Chen Y, Liu T, Shen X, Liu L. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in differentiating Crohn's disease from intestinal tuberculosis. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:603-615. [PMID: 35305241 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) is still difficult in clinical pratice. DNA methylation has been considered as a favorable area for biomarker exploration and identification. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to evaluate DNA methylation changes between CD and ITB. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study to identify differentially methylated positions (DMPs), including 8 CD patients (before the initial of biologics or immunomodulators), 6 ITB patients, and 8 healthy controls (HCs), in whole blood DNA using the Infinium HumanMethylation850 BeadChip. RESULTS Patients in the CD group and ITB group were all observed with hypo-methylated changes compared with HCs. However, the CD group overlaps with the ITB group in DNA methylation, suggesting a stable epigenetic profile between the two diseases. The pathway enrichment analysis showed the alternation in inflammation-related pathway, immune system, and signal transduction. Focused on the DMPs located in the promoter region, further analysis indicated hypermethylation of cg03122532 (5'UTR of KCNJ15) could be a potential CD-specific biomarker. CONCLUSIONS We identified specific differential methylation loci related to CD and ITB in blood DNA. DNA metylation as a important epigenetic modification could contribute to the pathogenesis study and biomarker exploration of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Haining Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Nakamura S, Kanda M, Koike M, Shimizu D, Umeda S, Hattori N, Hayashi M, Tanaka C, Kobayashi D, Yamada S, Omae K, Kodera Y. KCNJ15 Expression and Malignant Behavior of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:2559-2568. [PMID: 32052303 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-08189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to clarify the role of potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 15 (KCNJ15) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells and its potential as a prognosticator in ESCC patients. METHODS KCNJ15 transcription levels were evaluated in 13 ESCC cell lines and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array analysis was conducted to detect coordinately expressed genes with KCNJ15. The biological functions of KCNJ15 in cell invasion, proliferation, migration, and adhesion were validated through small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown experiments. Cell proliferation was further evaluated through the forced expression experiment. KCNJ15 expression was detected in 200 ESCC tissues by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and analyzed in 64 representative tissues by immunohistochemistry. Correlations between KCNJ15 expression levels and clinicopathological features were also analyzed. RESULTS The KCNJ15 expression levels varied widely in ESCC cell lines and correlated with COL3A1, JAG1, and F11R. Knockdown of KCNJ15 expression significantly repressed cell invasion, proliferation, and migration of ESCC cells in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of KCNJ15 resulted in increased cell proliferation. Patients were stratified using the cut-off value of KCNJ15 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in 200 ESCC tissues using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis; the high KCNJ15 expression group had significantly shorter overall and disease-free survival times. In multivariable analysis, high expression of KCNJ15 was identified as an independent poor prognostic factor. Staining intensity of in situ KCNJ15 protein expression tended to be associated with KCNJ15 mRNA expression levels. CONCLUSIONS KCNJ15 is involved in aggressive tumor phenotypes of ESCC cells and its tissue expression levels may be useful as a prognosticator of patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norifumi Hattori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Omae
- Department of Innovative Research and Education for Clinicians and Trainees (DiRECT), Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Liu Y, Wang H, Ni B, Zhang J, Li S, Huang Y, Cai Y, Mei H, Li Z. Loss of KCNJ15 expression promotes malignant phenotypes and correlates with poor prognosis in renal carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1211-1220. [PMID: 30799948 PMCID: PMC6369858 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s184368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KCNJ15 belongs to the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (KIR) family. Although members of the KIR family have been proven to play important roles in a variety of developmental processes, the molecular role and clinical effects of KCNJ15 in cancers remain unclear. Purpose The aim of this study was to identify the expression, biological functions and molecular mechanisms of KCNJ15 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods KCNJ15 mRNA expression was evaluated in kidney cancer tissue, paired adjacent normal tissue, and cell lines with qRT-PCR. KCNJ15 protein expression was investigated via western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the clinical and prognostic significance of KCNJ15 in RCC were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis. In vitro, the effects of KCNJ15 on kidney cancer cells were evaluated by means of a cell counting kit-8, transwell assay along with flow cytometry, respectively. Moreover, the potential mechanism of KCNJ15 was demonstrated by Western blot. Results Here, we first found that KCNJ15 was significantly downregulated in RCC, and this low expression was an independent prognostic factor for clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Moreover, KCNJ15 was associated with advanced TNM stage (n=150, p=0.014) and histological grade (n=150, p=0.045). Furthermore, KCNJ15 overexpression significantly inhibited RCC cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation, arrested the cell cycle and induced apoptosis of RCC cells in vitro. The inhibitory effect of KCNJ15 overexpression may be regulated by its effects on the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 and p21 expression. Conclusion These findings indicate that KCNJ15 may be a tumor suppressor in RCC and a possible target for RCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Han Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, .,Department of Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Beibei Ni
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Shi Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Yuqian Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Yanling Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Hongbing Mei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, .,Department of Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
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10
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Yamamoto K, Kogiso T, Taniai M, Hashimoto E, Tokushige K. Differences in the genetic backgrounds of patients with alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JGH OPEN 2018; 3:17-24. [PMID: 30834336 PMCID: PMC6386744 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have common hepatic histological features, but few studies have compared the genomic backgrounds of these two diseases. Here, we compared the genetic differences between ALD and NAFLD. Methods This study enrolled 318 Japanese patients with ALD (n = 118; male, 86%; median age, 62 years; liver cirrhosis, 58%; hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC], 31%) and NAFLD (n = 200; male, 55%; age, 61 years; cirrhosis, 19%; HCC, 12%). The genotype frequencies of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed. Results The ADH1B genotype GG and ALDH2 genotype GG were observed more frequently, and the percentage of patients with the MTP genotype GG was lower in ALD compared with NAFLD patients (ADH1B, 16 vs 4%; ALDH2 84 vs 44%; MTP 62 vs 72%, respectively; all P < 0.01). Comparing noncirrhosis to cirrhosis, the frequency of the potassium voltage‐gated channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ1) genotype TT and adrenoceptor beta 3 (ADRB3) genotype TT was increased significantly in ALD‐related cirrhosis. In contrast, the patatin‐like phospholipase 3 (PNPLA3) genotype CC was decreased significantly in NAFLD‐related cirrhosis. A comparison of patients with and without HCC demonstrated that the KCNQ1 genotype TT was increased significantly in both HCC groups. In addition, associations between the KCNJ15 genotype GG and ALD‐HCC and the G allele of PNPLA3 and NAFLD‐HCC were identified. Conclusions SNPs in genes related to ethanol and lipid metabolism clearly differed between patients with ALD and NAFLD. KCNQ1 might affect the progression and hepatocarcinogenesis in both ALD and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Yamamoto
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomomi Kogiso
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Makiko Taniai
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Etsuko Hashimoto
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tokushige
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
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11
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Hayashi A, Oguchi H, Kozawa Y, Ban Y, Shinoda J, Suganuma N. Daily walking is effective for the management of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 44:1731-1738. [PMID: 29974564 PMCID: PMC6174974 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study evaluated the usefulness of daily walking for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) management by analyzing the relationship between daily walking and glucose tolerance in pregnant women with GDM who were in the second trimester. Methods This longitudinal study was conducted at TOYOTA Memorial Hospital in Toyota, Japan, from January 2015 to June 2016. Pregnant women with GDM wore accelerometers on the waist for 7–12 weeks. Results Seventy‐three women with GDM were included in the present study; data collected from 24 women were analyzed. The estimated number of steps walked daily showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.798, P = 0.000) with energy expenditure related to physical activity. There was a significant negative correlation (r = −0.603, P = 0.014) between the post‐ to pre‐research casual glucose level (CGL) ratio and the number of steps walked daily. No significant correlation (r = −0.004, P = 0.986) was detected between the ratio of hemoglobin A1c and the number of steps taken. When the study was completed, the 11 participants who walked ≥6000 steps/day showed significantly lower CGL (95 + 10 mg/dL [mean + SD]) than the 13 participants in the <6000 steps/day group (111 + 18 mg/dL) (P = 0.013). Conclusion Simple walking for light intensity physical activity is effective for controlling the CGL in pregnant women with GDM. We recommend that pregnant women with GDM should walk a minimum of 6000 steps/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Hayashi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenori Oguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, TOYOTA Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Yumi Kozawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, TOYOTA Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ban
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, TOYOTA Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Junji Shinoda
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, TOYOTA Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Suganuma
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Minami K, Okamoto K, Harano K, Noiri E, Nakamura E. Hierarchical Assembly of siRNA with Tetraamino Fullerene in Physiological Conditions for Efficient Internalization into Cells and Knockdown. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19347-19354. [PMID: 29742343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of siRNA is a key technique in alternative gene therapy, where the siRNA cargo must be effectively loaded onto a tailor-designed carrier molecule and smoothly unloaded precisely upon arrival at the target cells or organs. Any toxicity issues also need to be mitigated by suitable choice of the carrier molecule. A water-soluble cationic fullerene, tetra(piperazino)[60]fullerene epoxide (TPFE), was previously shown to be nontoxic and effective for lung-targeted in vivo siRNA delivery by way of agglutination-induced accumulation. We found in this in vitro study that hierarchical reversible assembly of micrometer-sized TPFE-siRNA-serum protein ternary complexes is the key element for effective loading and release, and stabilization of otherwise highly unstable siRNA under the physiological conditions. The amphiphilic TPFE molecule forms a sub-10 nm-sized stable micelle because of strong cohesion between fullerene molecules, and this fullerene aggregate protects siRNA and induces the hierarchical assembly. Unlike popularly used polyamine carriers, TPFE is not toxic at the dose used for the siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Minami
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University Hospital , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 , Japan
| | - Koji Harano
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Eisei Noiri
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University Hospital , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 , Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
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Identification of genetic risk factors in the Chinese population implicates a role of immune system in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1697-1706. [PMID: 29432188 PMCID: PMC5828602 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715554115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality among the elderly. We performed a whole-genome sequencing study of AD in the Chinese population. In addition to the variants identified in or around the APOE locus (sentinel variant rs73052335, P = 1.44 × 10-14), two common variants, GCH1 (rs72713460, P = 4.36 × 10-5) and KCNJ15 (rs928771, P = 3.60 × 10-6), were identified and further verified for their possible risk effects for AD in three small non-Asian AD cohorts. Genotype-phenotype analysis showed that KCNJ15 variant rs928771 affects the onset age of AD, with earlier disease onset in minor allele carriers. In addition, altered expression level of the KCNJ15 transcript can be observed in the blood of AD subjects. Moreover, the risk variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 are associated with changes in their transcript levels in specific tissues, as well as changes of plasma biomarkers levels in AD subjects. Importantly, network analysis of hippocampus and blood transcriptome datasets suggests that the risk variants in the APOE, GCH1, and KCNJ15 loci might exert their functions through their regulatory effects on immune-related pathways. Taking these data together, we identified common variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 in the Chinese population that contribute to AD risk. These variants may exert their functional effects through the immune system.
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Ren L, Teng M, Zhang T, Zhang X, Sun B, Qin S, Zhong L, Peng Z, Fan J. Donors FMO3 polymorphisms affect tacrolimus elimination in Chinese liver transplant patients. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:265-275. [PMID: 28084894 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) variants were potentially involved in tacrolimus metabolism in kidney transplantion. The influences of FMO3 genotypes on tacrolimus elimination in Chinese liver transplant patients remained unclear. PATIENTS & METHODS FMO3 SNPs and CYP3A5 rs776746 were analyzed in 110 Chinese patients. RESULTS Donor FMO3 rs1800822 allele T and rs909530 allele T were associated with fast tacrolimus elimination. Combination of polymorphisms of donor FMO3 rs1800822 and rs909530 genotype impacted on tacrolimus elimination (p = 0.0221). The number of donor rs1800822 allele T and rs909530 allele T was confirmed to be an independent predictor of the tacrolimus concentration-to-dose ratios for weeks 2, 3 and 4 in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Donor's FMO3 polymorphisms might affect tacrolimus elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Mujian Teng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Junwei Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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Lee JB, Yoo CK, Park HB, Cho IC, Lim HT. Association of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in RUNX1, DYRK1A, and KCNJ15 with Blood Related Traits in Pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1675-1681. [PMID: 27492348 PMCID: PMC5088413 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect positional candidate genes located within the support interval (SI) regions based on the results of red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin quantitative trait locus (QTL) in Sus scrofa chromosome 13, and to verify the correlation between specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the exonic region of the positional candidate gene and the three genetic traits. The flanking markers of the three QTL SI regions are SW38 and S0215. Within the QTL SI regions, 44 genes were located, and runt-related transcription factor 1, dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), and potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 15 KCNJ15-which are reported to be related to the hematological traits and clinical features of Down syndrome-were selected as positional candidate genes. The ten SNPs located in the exonic region of the three genes were detected by next generation sequencing. A total of 1,232 pigs of an F2 resource population between Landrace and Korean native pigs were genotyped. To investigate the effects of the three genes on each genotype, a mixed-effect model which is the considering family structure model was used to evaluate the associations between the SNPs and three genetic traits in the F2 intercross population. Among them, the MCV level was highly significant (nominal p = 9.8×10-9) in association with the DYRK1A-SNP1 (c.2989 G<A), and explained 4.9% of the phenotypic variance. However, since linkage disequilibrium is quite extensive in an F2 intercross, our approach has limited power to distinguish one particular positional candidate gene from a QTL region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Bong Lee
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute (KoZRI), Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea
| | - Chae-Kyoung Yoo
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hee-Bok Park
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju 63242, Korea
| | - In-Cheol Cho
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju 63242, Korea
| | - Hyun-Tae Lim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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The impact of PNPLA3 and JAZF1 on hepatocellular carcinoma in non-viral hepatitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:370-9. [PMID: 26337813 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an established independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). T2DM is associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is a major cause of non-HBV and non-HCV-related HCC; nevertheless, it has been difficult to identify those patients with T2DM who have a high risk of developing HCC. The aim of this study was to identify genetic determinants that predispose T2DM patients to HCC by genotyping T2DM susceptibility loci and PNPLA3. METHODS We recruited 389 patients with T2DM who satisfied the following three criteria: negative for HBs-Ag and anti-HCV Ab, alcohol intake <60 g/day, and history of T2DM >10 years. These patients were divided into two groups: T2DM patients with HCC (DM-HCC, n = 59) or those without HCC (DM-non-HCC, n = 330). We genotyped 51 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously reported as T2DM or NASH susceptibility loci (PNPLA3) compared between the DM-HCC and DM-non-HCC groups with regard to allele frequencies at each SNP. RESULTS The SNP rs738409 located in PNPLA3 was the greatest risk factor associated with HCC. The frequency of the PNPLA3 G allele was significantly higher among DM-HCC individuals than DM-non-HCC individuals (OR 2.53, p = 1.05 × 10(-5)). Among individuals homozygous for the PNPLA3 G allele (n = 115), the frequency of the JAZF1 rs864745 G allele was significantly higher among DM-HCC individuals than DM-non-HCC individuals (OR 3.44, p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS PNPLA3 and JAZF1 were associated with non-HBV and non-HCV-related HCC development among Japanese patients with T2DM.
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17
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Dietary magnesium intake and the risk of diabetes in the Japanese community: results from the Takayama study. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:767-774. [PMID: 26689794 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several experimental studies showed that magnesium intake improved insulin resistance and glucose uptake in diabetes patients. However, epidemiological studies on the association between magnesium intake and diabetes risk have yielded inconsistent results. We investigated whether magnesium intake is related to the risk of developing diabetes in a population-based cohort study in Japan. METHODS Study subjects were participants in the Takayama study. A total of 13,525 residents in Takayama City, Japan, responded to a self-administered questionnaire in 1992 and to a follow-up questionnaire seeking information about diabetes in 2002. Magnesium and other nutrient intakes were estimated from a validated food frequency questionnaire administered at the baseline. RESULTS During a follow-up of 10 years, 438 subjects reported diabetes newly diagnosed by physician. Compared with women in the low quartile of magnesium intake, women in the high quartile were at a significantly reduced risk of diabetes (HR 0.50; 95 % CI 0.30-0.84; P-trend 0.005) after adjustments for covariates. In men, there was no association between magnesium intake and the risk of diabetes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that diets with a high intake of magnesium may decrease the risk of diabetes in women.
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18
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Yuan J, Liu W, Karvar S, Baker SS, He W, Baker RD, Ji G, Xie J, Zhu L. Potassium channel KCNJ15 is required for histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C264-70. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00012.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric acid secretion is mediated by the K+-dependent proton pump (H+,K+-ATPase), which requires a continuous supply of K+ at the luminal side of the apical membrane. Several K+ channels are implicated in gastric acid secretion. However, the identity of the K+ channel(s) responsible for apical K+ supply is still elusive. Our previous studies have shown the translocation of KCNJ15 from cytoplasmic vesicles to the apical membrane on stimulation, indicating its involvement in gastric acid secretion. In this study, the stimulation associated trafficking of KCNJ15 was observed in a more native context with a live cell imaging system. KCNJ15 molecules in resting live cells were scattered in cytoplasm but exhibited apical localization after stimulation. Furthermore, knocking down KCNJ15 expression with a short hairpin RNA adenoviral construct abolished histamine-stimulated acid secretion in rabbit primary parietal cells. Moreover, KCNJ15, like H+,K+-ATPase, was detected in all of the parietal cells by immunofluorescence staining, whereas only about half of the parietal cells were positive for KCNQ1 under the same condition. Consistently, the endogenous protein levels of KCNJ15, analyzed by Western blotting, were higher than those of KCNQ1 in the gastric mucosa of human, mouse, and rabbit. These results provide evidence for a major role of KCNJ15 in apical K+ supply during stimulated acid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Yuan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; and
| | - Serhan Karvar
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Susan S. Baker
- Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; and
| | - Wenjun He
- Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; and
| | - Robert D. Baker
- Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; and
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqun Xie
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; and
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Mano Y, Yokomichi H, Suzuki K, Takahashi A, Yoda Y, Tsuji M, Sato M, Shinohara R, Mizorogi S, Mochizuki M, Yamagata Z. Do body mass index trajectories affect the risk of type 2 diabetes? A case-control study. BMC Public Health 2015. [PMID: 26215867 PMCID: PMC4517348 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although obesity is a well-studied risk factor for diabetes, there remains an interest in whether “increasing body mass index (BMI),” “high BMI per se,” or both are the actual risk factors for diabetes. The present study aimed to retrospectively compare BMI trajectories of individuals with and without diabetes in a case–control design and to assess whether increasing BMI alone would be a risk factor. Methods Using comprehensive health check-up data measured over ten years, we conducted a case–control study and graphically drew the trajectories of BMIs among diabetic patients and healthy subjects, based on coefficients in fitted linear mixed-effects models. Patient group was matched with healthy control group at the onset of diabetes with an optimal matching method in a 1:10 ratio. Simple fixed-effects models assessed the differences in increasing BMIs over 10 years between patient and control groups. Results At the time of matching, the mean ages in male patients and controls were 59.3 years [standard deviation (SD) = 9.2] and 57.7 years (SD = 11.2), whereas the mean BMIs were 25.0 kg/m2 (SD = 3.1) and 25.2 kg/m2 (SD = 2.9), respectively. In female patients and controls, the mean ages were 61.4 years (SD = 7.9) and 60.1 years (SD = 9.6), whereas the mean BMIs were 24.8 kg/m2 (SD = 3.5) and 24.9 kg/m2 (SD = 3.4), respectively. The simple fixed-effects models detected no statistical significance for the differences of increasing BMIs between patient and control groups in males (P = 0.19) and females (P = 0.67). Sudden increases in BMI were observed in both male and female patients when compared with BMIs 1 year prior to diabetes onset. Conclusions The present study suggested that the pace of increasing BMIs is similar between Japanese diabetic patients and healthy individuals. The increasing BMI was not detected to independently affect the onset of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Mano
- Department of Sports and Exercise Nutrition, School of Physical Education, Sendai University, 2-2-18, Funaokaminami, Shibata, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yokomichi
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Medicine, Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan. .,Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, UK.
| | - Kohta Suzuki
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Medicine, Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Atsunori Takahashi
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Medicine, Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Yoshioki Yoda
- Yamanashi Koseiren Health Care Center, 1-1-26 Iida, Kofu City, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Tsuji
- Yamanashi Koseiren Health Care Center, 1-1-26 Iida, Kofu City, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Miri Sato
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Shinohara
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Sonoko Mizorogi
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Medicine, Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Mie Mochizuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medicine, Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Medicine, Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan.
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Matuszek MA, Anton A, Thillainathan S, Armstrong NJ. Increased Insulin following an Oral Glucose Load, Genetic Variation near the Melatonin Receptor MTNR1B, but No Biochemical Evidence of Endothelial Dysfunction in Young Asian Men and Women. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26196519 PMCID: PMC4510533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To identify biochemical and genetic variation relating to increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in young, lean male and female adults of different ethnicities. Method Fasting blood and urine and non-fasting blood following oral glucose intake were analysed in 90 Caucasians, South Asians and South East/East Asians. Results There were no differences in age, birthweight, blood pressure, body mass index, percent body fat, total energy, percentage of macronutrient intake, microalbumin, leptin, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, nitric oxide metabolites, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, von Willebrand factor, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and tissue plasminogen activator. Fasting total cholesterol (P = .000), triglycerides (P = .050), low density lipoprotein (P = .009) and non-fasting blood glucose (15 min) (P = .024) were elevated in South Asians compared with Caucasians, but there was no significant difference in glucose area under curve (AUC). Non-fasting insulin in South Asians (15–120 min), in South East/East Asians (60–120 min), and insulin AUC in South Asians and South East/East Asians, were elevated compared with Caucasians (P≤0.006). The molar ratio of C-peptide AUC/Insulin AUC (P = .045) and adiponectin (P = .037) were lower in South Asians compared with Caucasians. A significant difference in allele frequency distributions in Caucasians and South Asians was found for rs2166706 (P = 0.022) and rs10830963 (P = 0.009), which are both near the melatonin receptor MTNR1B. Conclusions Elevated non-fasting insulin exists in young South Asians of normal fasting glucose and insulin. Hepatic clearance of insulin may be reduced in South Asians. No current biochemical evidence exists of endothelial dysfunction at this stage of development. MTNR1B signalling may be a useful therapeutic target in Asian populations in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Matuszek
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Angelyn Anton
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Glypican-5 Increases Susceptibility to Nephrotic Damage in Diabetic Kidney. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1889-98. [PMID: 25987249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a leading health issue worldwide. Among cases of diabetes mellitus nephropathy (DN), the major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the nephrotic phenotype is often intractable to clinical intervention and demonstrates the rapid decline of renal function to end-stage renal disease. We recently identified the gene for glypican-5 (GPC5), a cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, as conferring susceptibility for acquired nephrotic syndrome and additionally identified an association through a genome-wide association study between a variant in GPC5 and DN of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In vivo and in vitro data showed a progressive increase of GPC5 in type 2 DN along with severity; the excess was derived from glomerular mesangial cells. In this study, diabetic kidney showed that accumulation of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)2 strikingly induced progressive proteinuria that was avoided in Gpc5 knockdown mice. The efficacy of Gpc5 inhibition was exerted through expression of the Fgf receptors 3 and 4 provoked in the diabetic kidney attributively. Extraglomerular Fgf2 was pathogenic in DN, and the deterrence of Gpc5 effectively inhibited the glomerular accumulation of Fgf2, the subsequent increase of mesangial extracellular matrix, and the podocytes' small GTPase activity. These findings elucidate the pivotal role of GPC5, identified as a susceptible gene in the genome-wide association study, in hyperglycemia-induced glomerulopathy.
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Time since onset of disease and individual clinical markers associate with transcriptional changes in uncomplicated dengue. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003522. [PMID: 25768297 PMCID: PMC4358925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes viral haemorrhagic fever that is characterized by extensive activation of the immune system. The aim of this study is to investigate the kinetics of the transcriptome signature changes during the course of disease and the association of genes in these signatures with clinical parameters. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS Sequential whole blood samples from DENV infected patients in Jakarta were profiled using affymetrix microarrays, which were analysed using principal component analysis, limma, gene set analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. We show that time since onset of disease, but not diagnosis, has a large impact on the blood transcriptome of patients with non-severe dengue. Clinical diagnosis (according to the WHO classification) does not associate with differential gene expression. Network analysis however, indicated that the clinical markers platelet count, fibrinogen, albumin, IV fluid distributed per day and liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT strongly correlate with gene modules that are enriched for genes involved in the immune response. Overall, we see a shift in the transcriptome from immunity and inflammation to repair and recovery during the course of a DENV infection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Time since onset of disease associates with the shift in transcriptome signatures from immunity and inflammation to cell cycle and repair mechanisms in patients with non-severe dengue. The strong association of time with blood transcriptome changes hampers both the discovery as well as the potential application of biomarkers in dengue. However, we identified gene expression modules that associate with key clinical parameters of dengue that reflect the systemic activity of disease during the course of infection. The expression level of these gene modules may support earlier detection of disease progression as well as clinical management of dengue.
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Anderson D, Cordell HJ, Fakiola M, Francis RW, Syn G, Scaman ESH, Davis E, Miles SJ, McLeay T, Jamieson SE, Blackwell JM. First genome-wide association study in an Australian aboriginal population provides insights into genetic risk factors for body mass index and type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119333. [PMID: 25760438 PMCID: PMC4356593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A body mass index (BMI) >22kg/m2 is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Aboriginal Australians. To identify loci associated with BMI and T2D we undertook a genome-wide association study using 1,075,436 quality-controlled single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped (Illumina 2.5M Duo Beadchip) in 402 individuals in extended pedigrees from a Western Australian Aboriginal community. Imputation using the thousand genomes (1000G) reference panel extended the analysis to 6,724,284 post quality-control autosomal SNPs. No associations achieved genome-wide significance, commonly accepted as P<5x10-8. Nevertheless, genes/pathways in common with other ethnicities were identified despite the arrival of Aboriginal people in Australia >45,000 years ago. The top hit (rs10868204 Pgenotyped = 1.50x10-6; rs11140653 Pimputed_1000G = 2.90x10-7) for BMI lies 5’ of NTRK2, the type 2 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that regulates energy balance downstream of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). PIK3C2G (rs12816270 Pgenotyped = 8.06x10-6; rs10841048 Pimputed_1000G = 6.28x10-7) was associated with BMI, but not with T2D as reported elsewhere. BMI also associated with CNTNAP2 (rs6960319 Pgenotyped = 4.65x10-5; rs13225016 Pimputed_1000G = 6.57x10-5), previously identified as the strongest gene-by-environment interaction for BMI in African-Americans. The top hit (rs11240074 Pgenotyped = 5.59x10-6, Pimputed_1000G = 5.73x10-6) for T2D lies 5’ of BCL9 that, along with TCF7L2, promotes beta-catenin’s transcriptional activity in the WNT signaling pathway. Additional hits occurred in genes affecting pancreatic (KCNJ6, KCNA1) and/or GABA (GABRR1, KCNA1) functions. Notable associations observed for genes previously identified at genome-wide significance in other populations included MC4R (Pgenotyped = 4.49x10-4) for BMI and IGF2BP2 Pimputed_1000G = 2.55x10-6) for T2D. Our results may provide novel functional leads in understanding disease pathogenesis in this Australian Aboriginal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Anderson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Heather J. Cordell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Fakiola
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W. Francis
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Genevieve Syn
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S. H. Scaman
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Davis
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Simon J. Miles
- Ngangganawili Aboriginal Health Service, Wiluna, Western Australia, 6646, Australia
| | - Toby McLeay
- Ngangganawili Aboriginal Health Service, Wiluna, Western Australia, 6646, Australia
| | - Sarra E. Jamieson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Jenefer M. Blackwell
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Sepúlveda FV, Pablo Cid L, Teulon J, Niemeyer MI. Molecular aspects of structure, gating, and physiology of pH-sensitive background K2P and Kir K+-transport channels. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:179-217. [PMID: 25540142 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00016.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
K(+) channels fulfill roles spanning from the control of excitability to the regulation of transepithelial transport. Here we review two groups of K(+) channels, pH-regulated K2P channels and the transport group of Kir channels. After considering advances in the molecular aspects of their gating based on structural and functional studies, we examine their participation in certain chosen physiological and pathophysiological scenarios. Crystal structures of K2P and Kir channels reveal rather unique features with important consequences for the gating mechanisms. Important tasks of these channels are discussed in kidney physiology and disease, K(+) homeostasis in the brain by Kir channel-equipped glia, and central functions in the hearing mechanism in the inner ear and in acid secretion by parietal cells in the stomach. K2P channels fulfill a crucial part in central chemoreception probably by virtue of their pH sensitivity and are central to adrenal secretion of aldosterone. Finally, some unorthodox behaviors of the selectivity filters of K2P channels might explain their normal and pathological functions. Although a great deal has been learned about structure, molecular details of gating, and physiological functions of K2P and Kir K(+)-transport channels, this has been only scratching at the surface. More molecular and animal studies are clearly needed to deepen our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco V Sepúlveda
- Centro de Estudios Científicos, Valdivia, Chile; UPMC Université Paris 06, Team 3, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1138, Paris, France
| | - L Pablo Cid
- Centro de Estudios Científicos, Valdivia, Chile; UPMC Université Paris 06, Team 3, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Teulon
- Centro de Estudios Científicos, Valdivia, Chile; UPMC Université Paris 06, Team 3, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1138, Paris, France
| | - María Isabel Niemeyer
- Centro de Estudios Científicos, Valdivia, Chile; UPMC Université Paris 06, Team 3, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1138, Paris, France
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Effect of body mass index on insulin secretion or sensitivity and diabetes. Am J Prev Med 2015; 48:128-135. [PMID: 25442224 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the association between obesity and diabetes is well known, the factors predisposing to diabetes in non-obese Asians are less clearly characterized. PURPOSE To investigate the effects of impaired insulin secretion (IIS) and insulin resistance (IR) according to BMI on the incidence of diabetes in the Saku Study. METHODS This 4-year cohort study involved 3,083 participants aged 30-69 years without diabetes at baseline (2006-2007). Participants were stratified by BMI (<23.0, 23.0-24.9, and ≥25). Based on insulinogenic index and homeostasis model of IR values, participants were classified into four categories: normal; isolated IIS (i-IIS); isolated IR (i-IR); and IIS plus IR. All data were collected in 2006-2011 and analyzed in 2013-2014. RESULTS For participants with BMI <23.0, the risk of developing diabetes was higher in the i-IIS (adjusted hazard ratio=6.6; 95% CI=3.7, 11.6) and IIS plus IR groups (9.4; 3.1, 28.4) than in the normal group. For participants with BMI 23.0-24.9, risk was higher in the i-IIS (9.9; 4.4, 22.1); i-IR (3.4; 1.2, 9.5); and IIS plus IR (23.4; 9.3, 58.9) groups. Among participants with BMI ≥25, risk was higher in the i-IIS (16.9; 6.0, 47.7); i-IR (7.9; 2.8, 22.6); and IIS plus IR (26.9; 9.0, 80.8) groups. BMI was negatively associated with incidence of IIS but positively associated with IR incidence. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with normal BMI may develop diabetes mainly through IIS, whereas individuals with high BMI may develop diabetes primarily through IR.
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Araki T, Ishikawa Y, Okazaki H, Tani Y, Toyooka S, Satake M, Miwa U, Tadokoro K. Introduction of glycated albumin measurement for all blood donors and the prevalence of a high glycated albumin level in Japan. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 3:492-7. [PMID: 24843613 PMCID: PMC4015427 DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2012.00224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2012.00224.x, 2012) Aims/Introduction: The Japanese Red Cross Society introduced measurement of glycated albumin (GA) for all blood donors as a glycemic control marker. The GA levels were examined by sex and age. MATERIALS AND METHODS GA was measured in 3.14 million blood donors who donated between April 2009 and March 2010. For the reference range for GA, values that were three times the reference range for glycated hemoglobin (Japan Diabetes Society value) were used. All donors were notified of their GA levels. For repeat donors, a comparison was made between the GA levels at the first and second donations to verify the GA change after notification. RESULTS The mean GA was significantly lower in males than in females in donors aged <60 years. The mean GAs of both sexes increased with age and reached the same level of 14.8% in their 60s. The percentage of donors with prediabetes/diabetes (GA ≥16.5%) was 2.8% in males and 2.3% in females. In the normal high group (15.6% ≤ GA < 16.5%), the mean GA at the second donation was lower by 0.20% than at the first donation. In 42.4% of these donors, GA decreased to the normal range at the second donation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, 2.7% of otherwise healthy Japanese blood donors had a high GA (GA ≥16.5%). Donor blood screening for GA represents an effective measure to identify people at risk of diabetes. The decrease in the GA level after GA notification might indicate the potential usefulness of this strategy to improve glycemic control among people with high GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Araki
- Japanese Red Cross Society Central Blood Institute, Tokyo
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Umeo Miwa
- Japanese Red Cross Ishikawa Blood Center, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Tadokoro
- Japanese Red Cross Society Central Blood Institute, Tokyo
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Shimodaira M, Niwa T, Nakajima K, Kobayashi M, Hanyu N, Nakayama T. Serum Triglyceride Levels Correlated with the Rate of Change in Insulin Secretion Over Two Years in Prediabetic Subjects. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 64:38-43. [DOI: 10.1159/000360012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Squires PE, Jones PM, Younis MYG, Hills CE. The calcium-sensing receptor and β-cell function. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2014; 95:249-67. [PMID: 24559921 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800174-5.00010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its central role controlling systemic calcium homeostasis, the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) can be found on multiple cell types not associated with controlling plasma calcium. The endocrine pancreas is one such tissue, and it is apparent that the receptor plays an important role in regulating β-cell function. During exocytosis, divalent cations are coreleased with insulin and their concentration within the restricted intercellular compartments of the pancreatic islet increases sufficiently to activate the CaSR on neighboring cells. Acute and chronic activation of the receptor has multiple effects on the β-cell, from increasing cadherin-based cell-cell adhesion to directly altering the expression and function of various potassium and voltage-dependent calcium channels. The promiscuous activation of multiple binding partners improves cell adhesion, cell coupling, and cell-to-cell communication within the islet and is the basis for the effect of the CaSR on β-cell function and improved glucose responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Squires
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter M Jones
- Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa Y G Younis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E Hills
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Tian C, Zhu R, Zhu L, Qiu T, Cao Z, Kang T. Potassium Channels: Structures, Diseases, and Modulators. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 83:1-26. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Tian
- School of Life Sciences and Technology; Tongji University; Shanghai 200092 China
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian Liaoning 116600 China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology; Tongji University; Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics; Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center; The State University of New York at Buffalo; Buffalo NY 14226 USA
| | - Tianyi Qiu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology; Tongji University; Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Zhiwei Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology; Tongji University; Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Tingguo Kang
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian Liaoning 116600 China
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Tatsumi Y, Ohno Y, Morimoto A, Nishigaki Y, Mizuno S, Watanabe S. Age differences in the risk of diabetes incidence according to body mass index level in Japanese women. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 7:e455-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Morimoto A, Tatsumi Y, Deura K, Mizuno S, Ohno Y, Miyamatsu N, Watanabe S. Impact of impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Japanese population: the Saku study. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1671-9. [PMID: 23680915 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS To assess the impact of impaired insulin secretion (IIS) and insulin resistance (IR) on type 2 diabetes incidence in a Japanese population. METHODS This 4 year cohort study included 3,059 participants aged 30-69 without diabetes at baseline who underwent comprehensive medical check-ups between April 2006 and March 2007 at Saku Central Hospital. Based on their insulinogenic index and HOMA-IR values, participants were classified by the criteria of the Japan Diabetes Society into four categories: normal; isolated IIS (i-IIS); isolated IR (i-IR); and IIS plus IR. They were followed up until March 2011. The incidence of type 2 diabetes was determined from fasting and 2 h post-load plasma glucose concentrations and from receiving medical treatment for diabetes. RESULTS At baseline, 1,550 individuals (50.7%) were classified as normal, 900 (29.4%) i-IIS, 505 (16.5%) i-IR, and 104 (3.4%) IIS plus IR. During 10,553 person-years of follow-up, 219 individuals developed type 2 diabetes, with 126 (57.5%) having i-IIS at baseline. Relative to the normal group, the multivariable-adjusted HRs for type 2 diabetes in the i-IIS, i-IR and IIS plus IR groups were 8.27 (95% CI 5.33, 12.83), 4.90 (95% CI 2.94, 8.17) and 16.93 (95% CI 9.80, 29.25), respectively. The population-attributable fractions of type 2 diabetes onset due to i-IIS, i-IR, and IIS plus IR were 50.6% (95% CI 46.7%, 53.0%), 14.2% (95% CI 11.8%, 15.6%) and 12.9% (95% CI 12.3%, 13.2%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Compared with IR, IIS had a greater impact on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
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Regional DNA methylation differences between humans and chimpanzees are associated with genetic changes, transcriptional divergence and disease genes. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:446-54. [PMID: 23739127 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in gene expression have been proposed to have an important role in the evolutionary changes in phenotypes. Interspecific changes in gene expression can result not only from genetic changes in regulatory regions but also from epigenetic changes in such regions. Here we report the identification of genomic regions showing differences in DNA methylation between humans and chimpanzees (termed S-DMRs for species-specific differentially methylated regions) on chromosomes 21 and 22. These regional methylation differences are frequently associated with genes, including those relevant to a disease, such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus or cancer. Methylation differences are often correlated with changes in promoter activity or alternative splicing. Comparative studies including other great ape species provide evidence for the contribution of genetic changes to some of these S-DMRs. Genetic changes responsible for the S-DMRs include gain or loss of CTCF-binding site and changes in CpG density in microsatellite repeats. Our results suggest that DNA methylation changes, often caused by small sequence changes, contribute to transcriptional and phenotypic diversification in hominid evolution.
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Replication study for the association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs3746876, within KCNJ15, with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in a Japanese population. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:490-3. [PMID: 23595124 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
By an association mapping for the candidate locus in chromosome 21q, rs3746876 within KCNJ15 was shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes in Japanese populations. However, the association of rs3746876 with type 2 diabetes has not been validated in an independent cohort. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the association of rs3746876 with type 2 diabetes in an independent larger Japanese sample. We genotyped 7885 Japanese participants (4967 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 2918 control individuals) for rs3746876 with polymerase-chain reaction-invader assay. The association of rs3746876 with type 2 diabetes was examined by using logistic regression analysis. Quantitative traits analyses for homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of β-cell function, HOMA of insulin resistance, fasting plasma glucose, fasting immunoreactive insulin and body mass index (BMI) were performed in control individuals by using multiple-linear regression analysis. We observed a significant association of rs3746876-T with type 2 diabetes (P=0.0281, odds ratio (OR)=0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI, 0.68-0.98)), but the direction of effect was opposite to that in the original report. The association of rs3746876 with type 2 diabetes was more significant in obese patients (BMI ≥ 25 kg m(-2), P=0.0025, OR=0.62, 95% CI, 0.45-0.84). We did not observe significant association of rs3746876 with any of the quantitative traits in the control individuals. We could not replicate the original finding for the association of rs3746876 with type 2 diabetes, although rs3746876 was significantly associated with obese type 2 diabetes in the present Japanese population.
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Fridlyand LE, Jacobson DA, Philipson LH. Ion channels and regulation of insulin secretion in human β-cells: a computational systems analysis. Islets 2013; 5:1-15. [PMID: 23624892 PMCID: PMC3662377 DOI: 10.4161/isl.24166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals an increase in glucose leads to block of ATP dependent potassium channels in pancreatic β cells leading to membrane depolarization. This leads to the repetitive firing of action potentials that increases calcium influx and triggers insulin granule exocytosis. Several important differences between species in this process suggest that a dedicated human-oriented approach is advantageous as extrapolating from rodent data may be misleading in several respects. We examined depolarization-induced spike activity in pancreatic human islet-attached β-cells employing whole-cell patch-clamp methods. We also reviewed the literature concerning regulation of insulin secretion by channel activity and constructed a data-based computer model of human β cell function. The model couples the Hodgkin-Huxley-type ionic equations to the equations describing intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis and insulin release. On the basis of this model we employed computational simulations to better understand the behavior of action potentials, calcium handling and insulin secretion in human β cells under a wide range of experimental conditions. This computational system approach provides a framework to analyze the mechanisms of human β cell insulin secretion.
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Maternal and paternal family history of type 2 diabetes differently influence lipid parameters in young nondiabetic Japanese women. Environ Health Prev Med 2012; 18:104-9. [PMID: 22826007 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-012-0296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the association of family history of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with parameters used for health checkups in young Japanese women. METHODS The subjects were 497 nondiabetic women aged 19-39 years. Among them, the mothers of 34 subjects and fathers of 50 had T2D (MD group and PD group, respectively). The subjects were assessed for levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG). RESULTS TC and LDL-C level showed a tendency to increase in the MD group compared with subjects without family history of T2D. LDL-C/HDL-C ratio ≥2.14 was found in 32.4 and 18.0 % of subjects in the MD and PD groups, respectively. When adjusted for differences in age, body mass index, smoking status, and drinking habits, the MD group was found to have a higher risk of abnormal TC and LDL-C levels than the PD group. LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was independently associated with maternal family history but not with paternal family history (odds ratio 3.44 [99 % confidence interval 1.11-10.6] and 1.21 [0.38-3.89], respectively). There was no association between TG/HDL-C ratio and family history type of T2D. CONCLUSIONS Maternal family history of T2D had a more pronounced effect on the lipid parameters generally evaluated during health checkups than did paternal family history of T2D. Therefore, we recommend systematic screening for early detection and appropriate healthcare guidance for Japanese women, particularly those with maternal family history of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E W Mathews
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Okamoto K, Iwasaki N, Doi K, Noiri E, Iwamoto Y, Uchigata Y, Fujita T, Tokunaga K. Inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by KCNJ15, a newly identified susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2012; 61:1734-41. [PMID: 22566534 PMCID: PMC3379671 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 15 (KCNJ15) is a type 2 diabetes-associated risk gene, and Kcnj15 overexpression suppresses insulin secretion in rat insulinoma (INS1) cells. The aim of the current study was to characterize the role of Kcnj15 by knockdown of this gene in vitro and in vivo. Human islet cells were used to determine the expression of KCNJ15. Expression of KCNJ15 mRNA in islets was higher in subjects with type 2 diabetes. In INS1 cells, Kcnj15 expression was induced by high glucose-containing medium. Regulation of Kcnj15 by glucose and its effect on insulin secretion were analyzed in INS1 cells and in normal mice and diabetic mice by the inactivation of Kcnj15 using small interfering RNA. Knockdown of Kcnj15 increased the insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo. KCNJ15 and Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (CsR) interact in the kidney. Binding of Kcnj15 with CsR was also detected in INS1 cells. In conclusion, downregulation of Kcnj15 leads to increased insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism to regulate insulin secretion involves KCNJ15 and CsR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Okamoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Iwasaki
- Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Integrated Medical Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding authors: Katsushi Tokunaga, , and Naoko Iwasaki,
| | - Kent Doi
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisei Noiri
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasuko Uchigata
- Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding authors: Katsushi Tokunaga, , and Naoko Iwasaki,
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Li N, Zhang D, Zhang J, Guo Y, Yan Z, Wang H, Zhou L, Hong J, Wang X, A Z. Influence of age on the association of GIRK4 with metabolic syndrome. Ann Clin Biochem 2012; 49:369-76. [PMID: 22645387 DOI: 10.1258/acb.2011.011129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein-coupled inward rectifier K+ channel 4 (GIRK4) gene expressions have been implicated in the development of obesity, a key feature of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We investigated whether sequence variants of GIRK4 may represent metabolic risk factors for the Uygur Chinese population. METHODS The entire GIRK4 gene, including all exons, the promoter and untranslated regions from 48 MetS individuals, was studied in order to identify genetic variations associated with the disorder. Targeted genotyping of four common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs11221497, rs6590357, rs4937391 and rs2604204) and one novel missense mutation (M210I) was performed using the TaqMan polymerase chain reaction method for 443 MetS and 786 non-MetS subjects. RESULTS When all MetS cases were compared against all non-MetS controls, no significant association was found between the three SNPs (rs2604204, rs4937391 and rs6590357) and MetS status or metabolic traits. After adjustment, rs11221497 was associated with MetS (odds ratio (OR) [95% CI]=0.731 [0.551-0.968], P=0.029). Interestingly, when the MetS group was stratified into subclasses by age, an association was found for the three SNPs (rs2604204, rs4937391 and rs6590357) having estimated false discovery rates<0.001 and age of <50 y. After adjustment, the SNPs rs2604204, rs4937391 and rs6590357 were also associated with MetS in younger subjects: ORs [95% CI]: 1.678 [1.149-2.450], 1.839 [1.204-2.809] and 0.602 [0.379-0.958], respectively. All of the four SNPs showed a trend towards lower or higher metabolic traits (P<0.05) in younger subjects. In addition, a newly identified missense mutation (M210I) was not specifically related with MetS. CONCLUSIONS GIRK4 sequence variants appear to associate with MetS in the Uygurian population, and this association may be influenced by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanfang Li
- The Center of Hypertension of the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang 830001, China.
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Randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of genetic counseling and a distance, computer-based, lifestyle intervention program for adult offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes: background, study protocol, and baseline patient characteristics. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:831735. [PMID: 22619705 PMCID: PMC3350978 DOI: 10.1155/2012/831735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatives of type 2 diabetic patients are at a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and should be regarded as target of intervention for diabetes prevention. However, it is usually hard to motivate them to implement preventive lifestyle changes, because of lack of opportunity to take advises from medical professionals, inadequate risk perception, and low priority for preventive behavior. Prevention strategy for them therefore should be highly acceptable and suited for them. The parallel, three-group trial is now being conducted to investigate the effects of genetic counseling and/or a computerized behavioral program on the prevention of type 2 diabetes in that population. The preventive strategies used in this study could provide a novel solution to the numbers of genetically high-risk individuals, if found to be effective. The objective of this paper is to describe the background, protocol, and baseline patient characteristics of the trial.
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Denton JS, Jacobson DA. Channeling dysglycemia: ion-channel variations perturbing glucose homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23:41-8. [PMID: 22134088 PMCID: PMC3733341 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining blood glucose homeostasis is a complex process that depends on pancreatic islet hormone secretion. Hormone secretion from islets is coupled to calcium entry which results from regenerative islet cell electrical activity. Therefore, the ionic mechanisms that regulate calcium entry into islet cells are crucial for maintaining normal glucose homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including five located in or near ion-channel or associated subunit genes, which show an association with human diseases characterized by dysglycemia. This review focuses on polymorphisms and mutations in ion-channel genes that are associated with perturbations in human glucose homeostasis and discusses their potential roles in modulating pancreatic islet hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerod Scott Denton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Common variation in GPC5 is associated with acquired nephrotic syndrome. Nat Genet 2011; 43:459-63. [PMID: 21441931 DOI: 10.1038/ng.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Severe proteinuria is a defining factor of nephrotic syndrome irrespective of the etiology. Investigation of congenital nephrotic syndrome has shown that dysfunction of glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) plays a crucial role in this disease. Acquired nephrotic syndrome is also assumed to be associated with podocyte injury. Here we identify an association between variants in GPC5, encoding glypican-5, and acquired nephrotic syndrome through a genome-wide association study and replication analysis (P value under a recessive model (P(rec)) = 6.0 × 10(-11), odds ratio = 2.54). We show that GPC5 is expressed in podocytes and that the risk genotype is associated with higher expression. We further show that podocyte-specific knockdown and systemic short interfering RNA injection confers resistance to podocyte injury in mouse models of nephrosis. This study identifies GPC5 as a new susceptibility gene for nephrotic syndrome and implicates GPC5 as a promising therapeutic target for reducing podocyte vulnerability in glomerular disease.
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Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness throughout the world. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG; MIM 137760) is the main type of glaucoma in most populations, and more than 20 genetic loci for POAG have been reported. Only three causative genes have been identified in these loci, viz. myocilin (MYOC), optineurin (OPTN), and WD repeat domain 36 (WDR36). However, mutations in these genes account for only a small percentage of the patients with POAG. Some of these glaucoma cases have a Mendelian inheritance pattern, and a considerable fraction of the cases result from a large number of variants in several genes each contributing small effects. Glaucoma is considered to be a common disease such as diabetes mellitus, coronary disease, Crohn disease, and several( )common cancers. The main technological approaches used to identify the genes associated with glaucoma are the candidate gene approach, linkage analysis, case-control association study, and genome-wide association study. Association studies have found about 27 genes related to POAG, but the glaucoma-causing effects of these genes need to be investigated in more detail. The current trend is to use case-control association studies or genome-wide association studies to map the genes associated with glaucoma. Such studies are expected to greatly advance our understanding of the genetic basis of glaucoma, and to provide information on the effectiveness of glaucoma therapy. This review gives an overview on the genetic aspects of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Fuse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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Postchallenge plasma glucose and glycemic spikes are more strongly associated with atherosclerosis than fasting glucose or HbA1c level. Diabetes Care 2001. [PMID: 11128361 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the relationship of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postchallenge plasma glucose (PG) (30, 60, 90, and 120 min during an oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], as well as maximal PG during an OGTT, postchallenge glucose spikes [PGS], and glucose under the OGTT curve), and HbA1c to intima-media thickness (IMT) as a marker of atherosclerosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS OGTT, ultrasound measurement of carotid IMT, and various atherosclerosis risk factors, such as family history of diabetes, obesity, and/or hyperlipoproteinemia, but without known diabetes, were analyzed in 582 individuals aged 40-70 years and at risk for type 2 diabetes. RESULTS In univariate analysis, all examined glycemic parameters were significantly correlated to IMT. The 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose showed the strongest odds ratio (OR) of 1.88 (1.34-2.63) in relation to abnormal IMT. All PG variables, except for 30-min glucose in OGTT, showed a significant OR, whereas the OR for HbA1c and FPG was not significant. In logistic regression analysis, 2-h PG was identified as the strongest determinant of IMT from all glycemic parameters. The 2-h PG and PGS, but not FPG, were associated with a significant rise of IMT in tertiles of HbA1c. Glycemic parameters were strongly related to each other and to many atherosclerosis risk factors. In multivariate analysis including a variety of atherosclerosis risk factors, 2-h PG was a significant independent determinant of IMT. CONCLUSIONS PG and PGS are more strongly associated with carotid IMT than FPG and HbA1c level and modify substantially the risk for atherosclerosis, estimated by HbA1c alone, in a cohort at risk for diabetes and in the early diabetes stage.
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