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Peters S, Sportiello K, Mandalapu S, Nguyen A, Carrier R, Dickinson C, Paciorkowski A, Bearden D. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations and Sex Differences in ZC4H2-Associated Rare Disorder. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 158:100-112. [PMID: 39032379 PMCID: PMC11339686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ZC4H2-associated rare disorder (ZARD) is caused by pathogenic variations in the ZC4H2 gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a zinc finger protein involved in neural development. ZARD is characterized by highly variable symptoms, potentially influenced by the sex of the individual. METHODS The ZC4H2-Associated Rare Disorder Natural History Study is a prospective natural history study conducted among individuals with ZARD that consists of standardized interviews, developmental assessments, and neurological examinations conducted every six months for two years. In this article, we present data from baseline visits with 40 participants, the largest ZARD cohort studied thus far, focusing on genotype-phenotype correlations and sex differences. Fisher exact, maximum likelihood χ2, and Mann-Whitney tests were utilized. RESULTS Males tended to have maternally inherited ZC4H2 pathogenic variations, whereas females tended to have de novo variations (P < 0.001). Female participants were more likely to have contractures at birth (P < 0.01), arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (P < 0.001), spasticity on examination (P < 0.1), and lower limb muscle atrophy (P < 0.05). Male participants were more likely to have seizures (P < 0.1), intermittent pain (P < 0.01), severe vision impairment (P < 0.05), dysphagia for solids (P < 0.01), and generalized muscle atrophy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests there is significant overlap in severity and range of symptoms between males and females, although several symptoms are more common in one sex than the other. Further analysis is needed to better understand how pathogenic variation type affects phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Peters
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.
| | - Kristen Sportiello
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Shreya Mandalapu
- University of Rochester School of Arts and Sciences, Rochester, New York
| | - Ashlie Nguyen
- Roberts Wesleyan University, Doctor of School/Clinical Psychology Program, Rochester, New York
| | - Ryan Carrier
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Carolyn Dickinson
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Alex Paciorkowski
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - David Bearden
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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2
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Zhu L, Zhang L, Cha J, Li C, Mao B. Loss of ZC4H2, an Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita Associated Gene, Promotes Osteoclastogenesis in Mice. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1134. [PMID: 39336725 PMCID: PMC11431781 DOI: 10.3390/genes15091134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
ZC4H2 encodes a C4H2-type zinc finger protein, mutations of which lead to a spectrum of diseases known as ZC4H2 associated rare disorders (ZARD). In addition to neurological phenotypes, the most typical symptoms of ZARD are multiple joint contractures of varying degrees, accompanied by abnormal development of muscles and bones, and osteoporosis in some cases. The pathogenic mechanisms of such bone related phenotypes, however, remain unclear. Here, we showed that ZC4H2 is expressed in the developing bones in mice. ZC4H2 knockout mice were neonatal-lethal and smaller in size, with reduced calcification of long bones. Upon induced loss of ZC4H2 postnatally, the femoral bones developed an osteoporosis-like phenotype, with reduced bone mineral density, bone-volume fraction, and trabecular bone number. Knockdown of ZC4H2 showed no clear effect on the expression of osteogenic differentiation genes in in vitro models using mesenchymal stem cells. Interestingly, ZC4H2 knockdown significantly enhanced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in induced bone marrow-derived macrophages. We further confirmed that the number of osteoclasts in the long bone of ZC4H2 knockout mice was increased, as well as the expression of the serum bone resorption/osteoporosis marker CTX-1. Our study unveils a new role of ZC4H2 in osteoclast differentiation and bone development, providing new clues on the pathology of ZARD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Jingmei Cha
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chaocui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
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3
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Decio A, Marelli S, Mambretti F, Bassi MT, D'Angelo MG. A case of female-restricted Wieacker-Wolff syndrome with heart and endocrinological involvement. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:4077-4081. [PMID: 38483676 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Decio
- Unit of Rehabilitation of Rare Diseases of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via Don L. Monza 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy.
| | - Susan Marelli
- Unit of Rehabilitation of Rare Diseases of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via Don L. Monza 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
| | - Fabiana Mambretti
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
| | - Maria Grazia D'Angelo
- Unit of Rehabilitation of Rare Diseases of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via Don L. Monza 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
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4
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhou C, Cheng Y, Qiao N, Shang Q, Xia L, Song J, Gao C, Qiao Y, Zhang X, Li M, Ma C, Fan Y, Peng X, Wu S, Lv N, Li B, Sun Y, Zhang B, Li T, Li H, Zhang J, Su Y, Li Q, Yuan J, Liu L, Moreno-De-Luca A, MacLennan AH, Gecz J, Zhu D, Wang X, Zhu C, Xing Q. Exome sequencing reveals genetic heterogeneity and clinically actionable findings in children with cerebral palsy. Nat Med 2024; 30:1395-1405. [PMID: 38693247 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in children. To ascertain the role of major genetic variants in the etiology of CP, we conducted exome sequencing on a large-scale cohort with clinical manifestations of CP. The study cohort comprised 505 girls and 1,073 boys. Utilizing the current gold standard in genetic diagnostics, 387 of these 1,578 children (24.5%) received genetic diagnoses. We identified 412 pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants across 219 genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, and 59 P/LP copy number variants. The genetic diagnostic rate of children with CP labeled at birth with perinatal asphyxia was higher than the rate in children without asphyxia (P = 0.0033). Also, 33 children with CP manifestations (8.5%, 33 of 387) had findings that were clinically actionable. These results highlight the need for early genetic testing in children with CP, especially those with risk factors like perinatal asphyxia, to enable evidence-based medical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangong Wang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chongchen Zhou
- Rehabilitation Department, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Niu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Shang
- Rehabilitation Department, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Rehabilitation Department, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yimeng Qiao
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Ma
- Rehabilitation Department, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyi Fan
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xirui Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Silin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Lv
- Rehabilitation Department, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bohao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tongchuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Su
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Andres Moreno-De-Luca
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University Faculty of Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alastair H MacLennan
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dengna Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qinghe Xing
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai, China.
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Ibarra-Ramírez M, Fernandez-de-Luna ML, Campos-Acevedo LD, Arenas-Estala J, Martínez-de-Villarreal LE, Rodríguez-Garza C, DeLagarza-Pineda O, Mohamed-Noriega J. Optic nerve abnormalities in female-restricted Wieacker-Wolff syndrome by a novel variant in the ZC4H2 gene. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:465-468. [PMID: 37519288 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2237578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wieacker-Wolff syndrome is an ultra-rare disease with X-linked inheritance characterized by arthrogryposis, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and distal limb muscle atrophy. Ophthalmic abnormalities such as ptosis, strabismus, and oculomotor apraxia have been reported in half of the patients. Wieacker-Wolff syndrome female-restricted (WRWFFR) is an even rarer disease recently used for females with a more severe phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical geneticist and ophthalmic examination, neuroimaging, and exome sequencing. RESULTS A 4 years-old girl with developmental and language delay, microcephaly, camptodactyly, digital pads, and arthrogryposis was identified by the clinical geneticist. Ophthalmic examination revealed deep-set eyes, high hyperopic astigmatism in both eyes, and reduced retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by optical coherence tomography. Exome sequencing identified a novel, probably pathogenic variant in the ZC4H2 gene NM_018684.3:c.145A>T p. (Lys49*) in heterozygosis. DISCUSSION WRWFFR is an ultra-rare disease with X-linked inheritance by variants in the ZC4H2 gene. This case reports a girl with a novel nonsense variant in the ZC4H2 gene and a severe phenotype; previous reports have identified WRWFFR in females with large deletions and nonsense mutations which could explain the manifestations in the current case report. A complete ophthalmic examination should be considered in patients with WRWFFR to detect the possibly associated optic nerve involvement and other previously described manifestations such as ptosis and strabismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Ibarra-Ramírez
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Marissa L Fernandez-de-Luna
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Luis D Campos-Acevedo
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Joel Arenas-Estala
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Laura E Martínez-de-Villarreal
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Claudia Rodríguez-Garza
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Oscar DeLagarza-Pineda
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Jibran Mohamed-Noriega
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
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Wongkittichote P, Choi TI, Kim OH, Riley K, Koeberl D, Narayanan V, Ramsey K, Balak C, Schwartz CE, Cueto-Gonzalez AM, Casadesus FM, Kim CH, Shinawi MS. Expanding allelic and phenotypic spectrum of ZC4H2-related disorder: A novel hypomorphic variant and high prevalence of tethered cord. Clin Genet 2023; 103:167-178. [PMID: 36250278 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ZC4H2 (MIM# 300897) is a nuclear factor involved in various cellular processes including proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, ventral spinal patterning and osteogenic and myogenic processes. Pathogenic variants in ZC4H2 have been associated with Wieacker-Wolff syndrome (MIM# 314580), an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by arthrogryposis, development delay, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, poor growth, skeletal abnormalities, and dysmorphic features. Zebrafish zc4h2 null mutants recapitulated the human phenotype, showed complete loss of vsx2 expression in brain, and exhibited abnormal swimming and balance problems. Here we report 7 new patients (four males and three females) with ZC4H2-related disorder from six unrelated families. Four of the 6 ZC4H2 variants are novel: three missense variants, designated as c.142T>A (p.Tyr48Asn), c.558G>A (p.Met186Ile) and c.602C>T (p.Pro201Leu), and a nonsense variant, c.618C>A (p.Cys206*). Two variants were previously reported : a nonsense variant c.199C>T (p.Arg67*) and a splice site variant (c.225+5G>A). Five patients were on the severe spectrum of clinical findings, two of whom had early death. The male patient harboring the p.Met186Ile variant and the female patient that carries the p.Pro201Leu variant have a relatively mild phenotype. Of note, 4/7 patients had a tethered cord that required a surgical repair. We also demonstrate and discuss previously under-recognized phenotypic features including sleep apnea, arrhythmia, hypoglycemia, and unexpected early death. To study the effect of the missense variants, we performed microinjection of human ZC4H2 wild-type or variant mRNAs into zc4h2 null mutant zebrafish embryos. The p.Met186Ile mRNA variant was able to partially rescue vsx2 expression while p.Tyr48Asn and p.Pro201Leu mRNA variants were not. However, swimming and balance problems could not be rescued by any of these variants. These results suggest that the p.Met186Ile is a hypomorphic allele. Our work expands the genotypes and phenotypes associated with ZC4H2-related disorder and demonstrates that the zebrafish system is a reliable method to determine the pathogenicity of ZC4H2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parith Wongkittichote
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tae-Ik Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Zebrafish Center for Disease Modeling, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Oc-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Zebrafish Center for Disease Modeling, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kacie Riley
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dwight Koeberl
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Chris Balak
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Anna Maria Cueto-Gonzalez
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Genetics Group, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Marwan S Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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7
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In silico studies, X-ray diffraction analysis and biological investigation of fluorinated pyrrolylated-chalcones in zebrafish epilepsy models. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13685. [PMID: 36852036 PMCID: PMC9958447 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is the third most common known brain disease worldwide. Several antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are available to improve seizure control. However, the associated side effects limit their practical use and highlight the ongoing search for safer and effective AEDs. Eighteen newly designed fluorine-containing pyrrolylated chalcones were extensively studied in silico, synthesized, structurally analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and biologically and toxicologically tested as potential new AEDs in zebrafish epilepsy in vivo models. The results predicted that 3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (compound 8) had a good drug-like profile with binding affinity to γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type-A (GABAA, -8.0 kcal/mol). This predicted active compound 8 was effective in reducing convulsive behaviour in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced larvae and hyperactive movements in zc4h2 knockout (KO) zebrafish, experimentally. Moreover, no cardiotoxic effect of compound 8 was observed in zebrafish. Overall, pyrrolylated chalcones could serve as alternative AEDs and warrant further in-depth pharmacological studies to uncover their mechanism of action.
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8
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Meziane H, Birling MC, Wendling O, Leblanc S, Dubos A, Selloum M, Pavlovic G, Sorg T, Kalscheuer VM, Billuart P, Laumonnier F, Chelly J, van Bokhoven H, Herault Y. Large-Scale Functional Assessment of Genes Involved in Rare Diseases with Intellectual Disabilities Unravels Unique Developmental and Behaviour Profiles in Mouse Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123148. [PMID: 36551904 PMCID: PMC9775489 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major progress has been made over the last decade in identifying novel genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders, although the task of elucidating their corresponding molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms, which are an essential prerequisite for developing therapies, has fallen far behind. We selected 45 genes for intellectual disabilities to generate and characterize mouse models. Thirty-nine of them were based on the frequency of pathogenic variants in patients and literature reports, with several corresponding to de novo variants, and six other candidate genes. We used an extensive screen covering the development and adult stages, focusing specifically on behaviour and cognition to assess a wide range of functions and their pathologies, ranging from basic neurological reflexes to cognitive abilities. A heatmap of behaviour phenotypes was established, together with the results of selected mutants. Overall, three main classes of mutant lines were identified based on activity phenotypes, with which other motor or cognitive deficits were associated. These data showed the heterogeneity of phenotypes between mutation types, recapitulating several human features, and emphasizing the importance of such systematic approaches for both deciphering genetic etiological causes of ID and autism spectrum disorders, and for building appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Meziane
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Olivia Wendling
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Sophie Leblanc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Aline Dubos
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Mohammed Selloum
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Pavlovic
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Tania Sorg
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Vera M. Kalscheuer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Research Group Development and Disease, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, INSERM U1266, “Genetic and Development of Cerebral Cortex”, 75014 Paris, France
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Laumonnier
- UMR1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37032 Tours, France
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-388-65-5715
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9
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Wakabayashi T, Mizukami M, Terada K, Ishikawa A, Hinotsu S, Kobayashi M, Kato K, Ogi T, Tsugawa T, Sakurai A. A novel ZC4H2 variant in a female with severe respiratory complications. Brain Dev 2022; 44:571-577. [PMID: 35504761 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An X-linked ZC4H2 variant is associated with a variety of phenotypes that have abnormalities related to external malformation and neurodevelopment. There have been no reports on severe respiratory dysfunction resulting in surgical treatments not being possible due to the deformity resulting from in this disease. Here we report a female with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with a severe respiratory complication. CASE A two-year-old girl had arthrogryposis multiplex congenita at delivery and subsequently had hypotonia and feeding difficulty. A novel ZC4H2 frameshift variant was identified by whole-exome sequencing in her genome. At eight months, she had recurrent aspiration pneumonia. A tracheostomy and gastrostomy were required; however, surgical intervention was not possible because of her short neck and complicated airway. CONCLUSION We compared this case with previous reports. The truncation group had more described phenotypes than the non-truncation group. The patient had the most severe respiratory dysfunction in truncating variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Wakabayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Miyako Mizukami
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kojiro Terada
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Aki Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shiro Hinotsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Management, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsugawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakurai
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
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10
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Sun JJ, Cai Q, Xu M, Liu YN, Li WR, Li J, Ma L, Cai C, Gong XH, Zeng YT, Ren ZR, Zeng F. Loss of Protein Function Causing Severe Phenotypes of Female-Restricted Wieacker Wolff Syndrome due to a Novel Nonsense Mutation in the ZC4H2 Gene. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091558. [PMID: 36140726 PMCID: PMC9498907 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants of zinc finger C4H2-type containing (ZC4H2) on the X chromosome cause a group of genetic diseases termed ZC4H2-associated rare disorders (ZARD), including Wieacker-Wolff Syndrome (WRWF) and Female-restricted Wieacker-Wolff Syndrome (WRWFFR). In the current study, a de novo c.352C>T (p.Gln118*) mutation in ZC4H2 (NM_018684.4) was identified in a female neonate born with severe arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) and Pierre-Robin sequence (cleft palate and micrognathia). Plasmids containing the wild-type (WT), mutant-type (MT) ZC4H2, or GFP report gene (N) were transfected in 293T cell lines, respectively. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis showed that ZC4H2 protein could not be detected in the 293T cells transfected with MT ZC4H2. The RNA seq results revealed that the expression profile of the MT group was similar to that of the N group but differed significantly from the WT group, indicating that the c.352C>T mutation resulted in the loss of function of ZC4H2. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enrichment analysis showed that c.352C>T mutation inhibited the expression levels of a series of genes involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Subsequently, expression levels of ZC4H2 were knocked down in neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by lentiviral-expressed small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against ZC4H2. The results also demonstrated that decreasing the expression of ZC4H2 significantly reduced the growth of NSCs by affecting the expression of genes related to the oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathway. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that ZC4H2 c.352C>T (p.Gln118*) mutation resulted in the loss of protein function and caused WRWFFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qin Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Histo-Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yan-Na Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wan-Rui Li
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Cheng Cai
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Gong
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yi-Tao Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Embryogenesis and Developmental Molecular Biology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhao-Rui Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fanyi Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Histo-Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Embryogenesis and Developmental Molecular Biology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-62472308
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11
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Inoue Y, Machida O, Kita Y, Yamamoto T. Need for revision of the ACMG/AMP guidelines for interpretation of X-linked variants. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2022; 11:120-124. [PMID: 36200025 PMCID: PMC9437996 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2022.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The guidelines provided by American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Association of Molecular Pathology (AMP) (ACMG/AMP guidelines) suggest a framework for the classification of clinical variants. However, the interpretations can be inconsistent, with each definition sometimes proving to be ambiguous. In particular, there can be difficulty with interpretation of variants related to the X-linked recessive trait. To confirm whether there are biases in the interpretation of inherited traits, we reanalyzed variants reported prior to the release of the ACMG/AMP guidelines. As expected, the interpretation ratio as pathogenic or likely pathogenic was significantly lower for variants related to the X-linked recessive trait. Evaluation of variants related to the X-linked recessive trait, hence, need to consider whether the variant is identified only in males in accordance with the X-linked recessive trait. The ACMG/AMP guidelines should be revised to eliminate the bias revealed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Inoue
- Division of Gene Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Machida
- Division of Gene Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kita
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Gene Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Ahn JY, Kim SY, Lim BC, Kim KJ, Chae JH. Variable Phenotypes of ZC4H2-Associated Rare Disease in Six Patients. ANNALS OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26815/acn.2022.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeWieacker-Wolff syndrome is a rare disease caused by X-linked zinc finger C4H2-type containing (ZC4H2) mutations. It is characterized by arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) and intellectual disability (ID), including impairment of central and peripheral synaptic plasticity. Currently, it is named “ZC4H2-associated rare disease” (ZARD) due to various clinical features other than AMC and ID. Here, we report six cases of ZARD, and describe their variable clinical phenotypes.MethodsWe analyzed the detailed clinical features and genotypes of six patients diagnosed by whole-exome sequencing or a chromosomal microarray.ResultsIn the four male patients, hemizygous mutations were found (c. 245A>C in two patients, c. 610C>A in one patient, and c.637C>T in one patient), and all variants were identified by Sanger sequencing. In the female patients, a 1.16-Mb deletion in Xq11.2, including ZC4H2, was identified by chromosomal microarray. All patients had heterogeneous phenotypes with variable severities. Motor delay was observed in all patients, four of whom could not walk independently. Other neurological features included ID, spasticity, and seizures. The craniofacial features included microcephaly, low-set ears, strabismus, ptosis, ocular motor apraxia, a U-shaped upper lip vermilion, short neck, and microretrognathia. The most common musculoskeletal symptoms were multiple arthrogryposis: metacarpophalangeal joint contracture, clubfoot, distal muscle weakness, Achilles tendon contracture, knee flexion contracture, camptodactyly, elbow flexion contracture, and hip subluxation.ConclusionThe ZARD phenotypes were prominent in male patients, and female patients with loss of function showed more severe symptoms. Further research is needed to clarify phenotypic variability in this rare disorder.
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13
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A gain-of-function variant in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene is associated with a MYH9-related disease-like syndrome. Blood Adv 2022; 6:5279-5284. [PMID: 35404999 PMCID: PMC9631694 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gain-of-function p.I294T variant in WASp causes a disease combining neutropenia, macrothrombocytopenia, proteinuria, and renal failure. The expanded phenotypic spectrum associated with gain-of-function WAS variants supports renal function assessment in these patients.
While loss-of-function variants in the WAS gene are associated with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and lead to microthrombocytopenia, gain-of-function variants of WAS are associated with X-linked neutropenia (XLN) and the absence of microthrombocytopenia. Only a few XLN families have been reported so far, and their platelet phenotype was not described in detail. To date, no renal involvement was described in XLN. In the present study, we report exome sequencing of individuals from 3 generations of a family with a dominant disease combining neutropenia, macrothrombocytopenia, and renal failure. We identified a heterozygous missense gain-of-function variant in the WAS gene (c.881T>C, p.I294T) that segregates with the disease and is already known to cause XLN. There was no pathogenic variant in MYH9, TUBB1, or ACTN1. This is the first report of a WAS gain-of-function variant associated with both the hematological phenotype of XLN (neutropenia, macrothrombocytopenia) and renal disease (proteinuria, renal failure) with glomerular tip lesion hyalinosis and actin condensations in effaced podocytes foot processes.
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14
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Ophthalmic abnormalities in Wieacker-Wolff syndrome. J AAPOS 2022; 26:91-93. [PMID: 35121145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Wieacker-Wolff syndrome is an X-linked condition caused by variants of the ZC4H2 gene that results in in utero muscular weakness that manifests clinically as arthrogryposis congenita as well as facial and bulbar weakness. We report the case of a young girl with a de novo pathogenic deletion in the ZC4H2 gene and clinical features consistent with Wieacker-Wolff syndrome. Common eye manifestations of the syndrome reported in the literature include ptosis, strabismus, and oculomotor apraxia. The overall incidence of these manifestations is 56%.
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15
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Wang J, Foroutan A, Richardson E, Skinner SA, Reilly J, Kerkhof J, Curry CJ, Tarpey PS, Robertson SP, Maystadt I, Keren B, Dixon JW, Skinner C, Stapleton R, Ruaud L, Gumus E, Lakeman P, Alders M, Tedder ML, Schwartz CE, Friez MJ, Sadikovic B, Stevenson RE. Clinical findings and a DNA methylation signature in kindreds with alterations in ZNF711. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:420-427. [PMID: 34992252 PMCID: PMC8990020 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-01018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ZNF711 is one of eleven zinc-finger genes on the X chromosome that have been associated with X-linked intellectual disability. This association is confirmed by the clinical findings in 20 new cases in addition to 11 cases previously reported. No consistent growth aberrations, craniofacial dysmorphology, malformations or neurologic findings are associated with alterations in ZNF711. The intellectual disability is typically mild and coexisting autism occurs in half of the cases. Carrier females show no manifestations. A ZNF711-specific methylation signature has been identified which can assist in identifying new cases and in confirming the pathogenicity of variants in the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Wang
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Aidin Foroutan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Jack Reilly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Kerkhof
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia J Curry
- Genetic Medicine, University of California, San Francisco/Fresno, Fresno, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephen P Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institute de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, BE, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Boris Keren
- Genetic Department, La Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, APHP.Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Joanne W Dixon
- Genetic Health Services New Zealand, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Rachel Stapleton
- Genetic Health Services New Zealand, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lyse Ruaud
- Department of Genetics, APHP.Nord, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FR and University of Paris, UMR 1141NEURODIDEROT, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Evren Gumus
- Medical Genetics Department, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Phillis Lakeman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
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16
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Herman I, Jolly A, Du H, Dawood M, Abdel-Salam GMH, Marafi D, Mitani T, Calame DG, Coban-Akdemir Z, Fatih JM, Hegazy I, Jhangiani SN, Gibbs RA, Pehlivan D, Posey JE, Lupski JR. Quantitative dissection of multilocus pathogenic variation in an Egyptian infant with severe neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from multiple molecular diagnoses. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:735-750. [PMID: 34816580 PMCID: PMC8837671 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genomic sequencing and clinical genomics have demonstrated that substantial subsets of atypical and/or severe disease presentations result from multilocus pathogenic variation (MPV) causing blended phenotypes. In an infant with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, four distinct molecular diagnoses were found by exome sequencing (ES). The blended phenotype that includes brain malformation, dysmorphism, and hypotonia was dissected using the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO). ES revealed variants in CAPN3 (c.259C > G:p.L87V), MUSK (c.1781C > T:p.A594V), NAV2 (c.1996G > A:p.G666R), and ZC4H2 (c.595A > C:p.N199H). CAPN3, MUSK, and ZC4H2 are established disease genes linked to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (OMIM# 253600), congenital myasthenia (OMIM# 616325), and Wieacker-Wolff syndrome (WWS; OMIM# 314580), respectively. NAV2 is a retinoic-acid responsive novel disease gene candidate with biological roles in neurite outgrowth and cerebellar dysgenesis in mouse models. Using semantic similarity, we show that no gene identified by ES individually explains the proband phenotype, but rather the totality of the clinically observed disease is explained by the combination of disease-contributing effects of the identified genes. These data reveal that multilocus pathogenic variation can result in a blended phenotype with each gene affecting a different part of the nervous system and nervous system-muscle connection. We provide evidence from this n = 1 study that in patients with MPV and complex blended phenotypes resulting from multiple molecular diagnoses, quantitative HPO analysis can allow for dissection of phenotypic contribution of both established disease genes and novel disease gene candidates not yet proven to cause human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Herman
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Angad Jolly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Moez Dawood
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ghada M. H. Abdel-Salam
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, 13110 Safat, Kuwait,Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel G. Calame
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jawid M. Fatih
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ibrahim Hegazy
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shalini N. Jhangiani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
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17
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Li Y, Yang C, Wang H, Zhao L, Kong Q, Cang Y, Zhao S, Lv L, Li Y, Mao B, Ma P. Sequential stabilization of RNF220 by RLIM and ZC4H2 during cerebellum development and Shh-group medulloblastoma progression. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6510822. [PMID: 35040952 PMCID: PMC8982406 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is essential for the proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (CGNPs), and its misregulation is linked to various disorders, including cerebellar cancer medulloblastoma (MB). During vertebrate neural development, RNF220, a ubiquitin E3 ligase, is involved in spinal cord patterning by modulating the subcellular location of glioma-associated oncogene homologs (Glis) through ubiquitination. RNF220 is also required for full activation of Shh signaling during cerebellum development in an epigenetic manner through targeting embryonic ectoderm development. ZC4H2 was reported to be involved in spinal cord patterning by acting as an RNF220 stabilizer. Here, we provided evidence to show that ZC4H2 is also required for full activation of Shh signaling in CGNP and MB progression by stabilizing RNF220. In addition, we found that the ubiquitin E3 ligase RING finger LIM domain-binding protein (RLIM) is responsible for ZC4H2 stabilization via direct ubiquitination, through which RNF220 is also thus stabilized. RLIM is a direct target of Shh signaling and is also required for full activation of Shh signaling in CGNP and MB cell proliferation. We further provided clinical evidence to show that the RLIM‒ZC4H2‒RNF220 cascade is involved in Shh-group MB progression. Disease-causative human RLIM and ZC4H2 mutations affect their interaction and regulation. Therefore, our study sheds light on the regulation of Shh signaling during cerebellar development and MB progression and provides insights into neural disorders caused by RLIM or ZC4H2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, China
| | - Chencheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, China
| | - Huishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Experimental Animal Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Qinghua Kong
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yu Cang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Longbao Lv
- Experimental Animal Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yan Li
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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18
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Ma P, Mao B. The many faces of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, RNF220, in neural development and beyond. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 64:98-105. [PMID: 34716995 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin modification plays important roles in many cellular processes that are fundamental for vertebrate embryo development, such as cell division, differentiation, and migration. Aberrant function or deregulation of ubiquitination enzymes can cause developmental disorders, cancer progression, and neurodegenerative diseases in humans. RING finger protein 220 (RNF220) is an evolutionarily conserved RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligase. Recent studies have revealed the roles and mechanisms of RNF220 and its partner protein, zinc finger C4H2-type containing protein (ZC4H2), in embryonic development and human diseases. Using mouse and zebrafish models, it has been shown that RNF220 regulates sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling via Gli and embryonic ectoderm development (EED), a polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) component, during ventral neural patterning and cerebellum development. In addition, RNF220 also regulates the development and functions of central noradrenergic and motor neurons in mice. By stabilizing β-catenin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), RNF220 is also involved in Wnt and interferon (IFN)-STAT1 signaling and thus the regulation of tumorigenesis and immune response, respectively. In humans, both RNF220 and ZC4H2 mutations have been reported to be associated with diseases accompanied by complicated neural defects. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RNF220 with special emphasis on its roles and mechanisms of action in signal transduction, vertebrate neural development, and related human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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19
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Deneufbourg C, Duquenne A, Biard J, Sznajer Y. Wieacker-Wolff syndrome, a distinctive phenotype of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita caused by a "de novo" ZC4H2 gene partial deletion. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04718. [PMID: 34484757 PMCID: PMC8405424 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Unusual fetal arthrogryposis on ultrasound should draw attention to look for additional lower limb anomalies. Precise genetic counseling may be obtained from deletion on Xq11.2 as for ZC4H2 gene sequencing diagnostic for Wieacker-Wolff syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armelle Duquenne
- Center for Human GeneticsCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucUCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Jean‐Marc Biard
- Fetal Medicine Unit, ObstetricCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucUCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Yves Sznajer
- Center for Human GeneticsCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucUCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
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20
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Ma P, Song NN, Cheng X, Zhu L, Zhang Q, Zhang LL, Yang X, Wang H, Kong Q, Shi D, Ding YQ, Mao B. ZC4H2 stabilizes RNF220 to pattern ventral spinal cord through modulating Shh/Gli signaling. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:337-344. [PMID: 31336385 PMCID: PMC7288745 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ZC4H2 encodes a C4H2 type zinc-finger nuclear factor, the mutation of which has been associated with disorders with various clinical phenotypes in human, including developmental delay, intellectual disability and dystonia. ZC4H2 has been suggested to regulate spinal cord patterning in zebrafish as a co-factor for RNF220, an ubiquitin E3 ligase involved in Gli signaling. Here we showed that ZC4H2 and RNF220 knockout animals phenocopy each other in spinal patterning in both mouse and zebrafish, with mispatterned progenitor and neuronal domains in the ventral spinal cord. We showed evidence that ZC4H2 is required for the stability of RNF220 and also proper Gli ubiquitination and signaling in vivo. Our data provides new insights into the possible etiology of the neurodevelopmental impairments observed in ZC4H2-associated syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ning-Ning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoning Cheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Long Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xiangcai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of KMUST, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Huishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Qinghua Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, China
| | - Deli Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fundan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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21
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Piccolo G, d'Annunzio G, Amadori E, Riva A, Borgia P, Tortora D, Maghnie M, Minetti C, Gitto E, Iacomino M, Baldassari S, Fiorillo C, Zara F, Striano P, Salpietro V. Neuromuscular and Neuroendocrinological Features Associated With ZC4H2-Related Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita in a Sicilian Family: A Case Report. Front Neurol 2021; 12:704747. [PMID: 34322088 PMCID: PMC8313121 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.704747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wieacker-Wolff syndrome (WWS) is an X-linked Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) disorder associated with broad neurodevelopmental impairment. The genetic basis of WWS lies in hemizygous pathogenic variants in ZC4H2, encoding a C4H2 type zinc-finger nuclear factor abundantly expressed in the developing human brain. The main clinical features described in WWS families carrying ZC4H2 pathogenic variants encompass having a short stature, microcephaly, birth respiratory distress, arthrogryposis, hypotonia, distal muscle weakness, and broad neurodevelopmental delay. We hereby report a Sicilian family with a boy clinically diagnosed with WWS and genetically investigated with exome sequencing (ES), leading to the identification of a c.593G>A (p. R198Q) hemizygous pathogenic variant in the ZC4H2 gene. During the first year of life, the onset of central hypoadrenalism led to recurrent hypoglycemic events, which likely contributed to seizure susceptibility. Also, muscle biopsy studies confirmed a pathology of the muscle tissue and revealed peculiar abnormalities of the neuromuscular junction. In conclusion, we expand the phenotypic spectrum of the WWS-related neurodevelopmental disorders and discuss the role of ZC4H2 in the context of the potential neuroendocrinological and neuromuscular features associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Piccolo
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe d'Annunzio
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Amadori
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Borgia
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Domenico Tortora
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, “Gaetano Barresi” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Baldassari
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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22
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Latypova X, Creadore SG, Dahan-Oliel N, Gustafson AG, Wei-Hung Hwang S, Bedard T, Shazand K, van Bosse HJP, Giampietro PF, Dieterich K. A Genomic Approach to Delineating the Occurrence of Scoliosis in Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071052. [PMID: 34356068 PMCID: PMC8305424 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) describes a group of conditions characterized by the presence of non-progressive congenital contractures in multiple body areas. Scoliosis, defined as a coronal plane spine curvature of ≥10 degrees as measured radiographically, has been reported to occur in approximately 20% of children with AMC. To identify genes that are associated with both scoliosis as a clinical outcome and AMC, we first queried the DECIPHER database for copy number variations (CNVs). Upon query, we identified only two patients with both AMC and scoliosis (AMC-SC). The first patient contained CNVs in three genes (FBN2, MGF10, and PITX1), while the second case had a CNV in ZC4H2. Looking into small variants, using a combination of Human Phenotype Ontogeny and literature searching, 908 genes linked with scoliosis and 444 genes linked with AMC were identified. From these lists, 227 genes were associated with AMC-SC. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was performed on the final gene list to gain insight into the functional interactions of genes and various categories. To summarize, this group of genes encompasses a diverse group of cellular functions including transcription regulation, transmembrane receptor, growth factor, and ion channels. These results provide a focal point for further research using genomics and animal models to facilitate the identification of prognostic factors and therapeutic targets for AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Latypova
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | | | - Noémi Dahan-Oliel
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada;
- School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | | | - Steven Wei-Hung Hwang
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (S.W.-H.H.); (H.J.P.v.B.)
| | - Tanya Bedard
- Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada;
| | - Kamran Shazand
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Headquarters, Tampa, FL 33607, USA; (S.G.C.); (A.G.G.); (K.S.)
| | | | - Philip F. Giampietro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Correspondence: (P.F.G.); (K.D.)
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Institut of Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1209, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (P.F.G.); (K.D.)
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23
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Taşkıran EZ, Karaosmanoğlu B, Koşukcu C, Ürel-Demir G, Akgün-Doğan Ö, Şimşek-Kiper PÖ, Alikaşifoğlu M, Boduroğlu K, Utine GE. Diagnostic yield of whole-exome sequencing in non-syndromic intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:577-588. [PMID: 33739554 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aetiological diagnosis in non-syndromic intellectual disability (NSID) still poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. METHODS Screening is currently achieved by chromosomal microarrays followed by whole-exome sequencing (WES). In search for the aetiological yield of WES in patients with NSID, 59 unrelated patients were studied. RESULTS Among the 59 patients, 44 (74.6%) were from consanguineous unions. Epilepsy was present in 11 (37.9%), behavioural problems in 12 (41.4%) and autistic features in 14 (48.3%). WES analysis resulted in molecular diagnosis in 29 patients (49.2%). Some of the genes were specific for nervous system functioning, like HERC1, TBC1D7, LINS, HECW2, DEAF1, HNMT, DLG3, NRXN1 and HUWE1. Others were ubiquitously expressed genes involved in fundamental cellular processes, like IARS, UBE3A, COQ4, TAF1, SETBP1, ARV1, ZC4H2, KAT6A, ASXL3, THOC6, HNRNPH2, TUBA8 and KIF1A. Twenty-two (75.8%) were consanguineously married; however, only 12 (41.4%) of the detected genes caused autosomal recessive phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS This cohort suggests that recessive genes probably represent an actually smaller subgroup of NSID, even among families with consanguinity. Although in societies with high consanguinity rates, considering the recessive inheritance first seems to be an advantageous strategy, de novo mutations in autosomal dominantly expressed genes represent the major aetiological group in patients with NSID, even among those patients from consanguineous families.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Z Taşkıran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Karaosmanoğlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C Koşukcu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - G Ürel-Demir
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ö Akgün-Doğan
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - P Ö Şimşek-Kiper
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Alikaşifoğlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K Boduroğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - G E Utine
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Godfrey D, Torres A, Heidary G, Zahoor H, Lee A, Berry G, Engle E. A 7-year old female with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, Duane retraction syndrome, and Marcus Gunn phenomenon due to a ZC4H2 gene mutation: a clinical presentation of the Wieacker-Wolff syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:612-614. [PMID: 33949289 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1923040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Duane retraction syndrome and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita have an incidence of approximately 1:1500-1:3000 live births. However, the association of these two entities with a Marcus-Gunn might be a rare and, until now, under-recognized clinical presentation of the Wieacker-Wolff Syndrome.Patient and methods: We report a 7-year-old female with dysmorphic features, global developmental delay, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), and unilateral Marcus Gunn jaw winking.Results: Whole Exome Sequencing showed a de novo premature stop codon in ZC4H2. Extensive genetic and metabolic work was negative otherwise and Brain MRI showed delayed non-specific myelination abnormalities. She continues to have significant delays but does not have regression, seizures or other neurological complications. She has required a multidisciplinary approach for the management of her multiple contractures.Conclusion: This case confirms ZC4H2 as a cause of syndromic DRS and extends the ZC4H2 phenotype to include Marcus Gunn jaw winking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Godfrey
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alcy Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gena Heidary
- Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hovra Zahoor
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arthur Lee
- Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerard Berry
- Metabolism, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Engle
- Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Enders 5 - The Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of ophthalmology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute - Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Webb BD, Manoli I, Engle EC, Jabs EW. A framework for the evaluation of patients with congenital facial weakness. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:158. [PMID: 33827624 PMCID: PMC8028830 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a broad differential for patients presenting with congenital facial weakness, and initial misdiagnosis unfortunately is common for this phenotypic presentation. Here we present a framework to guide evaluation of patients with congenital facial weakness disorders to enable accurate diagnosis. The core categories of causes of congenital facial weakness include: neurogenic, neuromuscular junction, myopathic, and other. This diagnostic algorithm is presented, and physical exam considerations, additional follow-up studies and/or consultations, and appropriate genetic testing are discussed in detail. This framework should enable clinical geneticists, neurologists, and other rare disease specialists to feel prepared when encountering this patient population and guide diagnosis, genetic counseling, and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Irini Manoli
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ethylin W Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Nagara S, Fukaya S, Muramatsu Y, Kaname T, Tanaka T. A case report of rare ZC4H2-associated disorders associated with three large hernias. Pediatr Int 2020; 62:985-986. [PMID: 32686882 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syunsuke Nagara
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Takayama Hospital, Takayama, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoko Fukaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukako Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taihei Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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27
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Zhang L, Ye M, Zhu L, Cha J, Li C, Yao YG, Mao B. Loss of ZC4H2 and RNF220 Inhibits Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Promotes Neuronal Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071600. [PMID: 32630355 PMCID: PMC7408363 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF220 and its co-factor ZC4H2 are required for multiple neural developmental processes through different targets, including spinal cord patterning and the development of the cerebellum and the locus coeruleus. Here, we explored the effects of loss of ZC4H2 and RNF220 on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from mouse embryonic cortex. We showed that loss of either ZC4H2 or RNF220 inhibits the proliferation and promotes the differentiation abilities of NSCs in vitro. RNA-Seq profiling revealed 132 and 433 differentially expressed genes in the ZC4H2−/− and RNF220−/− NSCs, compared to wild type (WT) NSCs, respectively. Specifically, Cend1, a key regulator of cell cycle exit and differentiation of neuronal precursors, was found to be upregulated in both ZC4H2−/− and RNF220−/− NSCs at the mRNA and protein levels. The targets of Cend1, such as CyclinD1, Notch1 and Hes1, were downregulated both in ZC4H2−/− and RNF220−/− NSCs, whereas p53 and p21 were elevated. ZC4H2−/− and RNF220−/− NSCs showed G0/G1 phase arrest compared to WT NSCs in cell cycle analysis. These results suggested that ZC4H2 and RNF220 are likely involved in the regulation of neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation through Cend1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; (M.Y.); (Y.-G.Y.)
| | - Maosen Ye
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; (M.Y.); (Y.-G.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ – CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; (M.Y.); (Y.-G.Y.)
| | - Jingmei Cha
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; (M.Y.); (Y.-G.Y.)
| | - Chaocui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; (M.Y.); (Y.-G.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ – CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-871-68125418
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Fortin O, Vincelette C, Chénier S, Ghais A, Shevell MI, Simard-Tremblay E, Myers KA. Copy number variation in genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020; 27:111-115. [PMID: 32595013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) is a familial epilepsy syndrome in which affected individuals may have a variety of epilepsy phenotypes, the most common being febrile seizures (FS) and febrile seizures plus (FS+). We investigated the possible contribution of copy number variation to GEFS+. METHOD We searched our epilepsy research database for patients in GEFS + families who underwent chromosomal microarray analysis. We reviewed the clinical features and results of genetic testing in these families. RESULTS Of twelve families with available microarray data, four had at least one copy number variant (CNV) identified. In Family 1, the proband had a maternally-inherited 15q11.2 deletion. In Family 5, four different CNVs were identified, variably present in the affected individuals; this included a 19p13.3 deletion affecting CACNA1A. Finally, in both Families 9 and 10, the proband had Dravet syndrome with pathogenic SCN1A variant, as well as a CNV (10q11.22 duplication in Family 9 and 22q11.2 deletion in Family 10). INTERPRETATION The significance of these specific variants is difficult to precisely determine; however, there appeared to be an overrepresentation of CNVs in this small cohort. These findings suggest chromosomal microarray analysis could have clinical utility as part of the workup in GEFS + families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fortin
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Vincelette
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Chénier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ahmad Ghais
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael I Shevell
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Simard-Tremblay
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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The Zinc-Finger Domain Containing Protein ZC4H2 Interacts with TRPV4, Enhancing Channel Activity and Turnover at the Plasma Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103556. [PMID: 32443528 PMCID: PMC7278933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+-permeable Transient Receptor Potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 4 (TRPV4) is involved in a broad range of physiological processes, including the regulation of systemic osmotic pressure, bone resorption, vascular tone, and bladder function. Mutations in the TRPV4 gene are the cause of a spectrum of inherited diseases (or TRPV4-pathies), which include skeletal dysplasias, arthropathies, and neuropathies. There is little understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these variable disease phenotypes, but it has been hypothesized that disease-causing mutations affect interaction with regulatory proteins. Here, we performed a mammalian protein-protein interaction trap (MAPPIT) screen to identify proteins that interact with the cytosolic N terminus of human TRPV4, a region containing the majority of disease-causing mutations. We discovered the zinc-finger domain-containing protein ZC4H2 as a TRPV4-interacting protein. In heterologous expression experiments, we found that ZC4H2 increases both the basal activity of human TRPV4 as well as Ca2+ responses evoked by ligands or hypotonic cell swelling. Using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we further showed that ZC4H2 accelerates TRPV4 turnover at the plasma membrane. Overall, these data demonstrate that ZC4H2 is a positive modulator of TRPV4, and suggest a link between TRPV4 and ZC4H2-associated rare disorders, which have several neuromuscular symptoms in common with TRPV4-pathies.
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Song NN, Ma P, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhu L, He CH, Mao B, Ding YQ. Rnf220/Zc4h2-mediated monoubiquitylation of Phox2 is required for noradrenergic neuron development. Development 2020; 147:dev185199. [PMID: 32094113 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Noradrenaline belongs to the monoamine system and is involved in cognition and emotional behaviors. Phox2a and Phox2b play essential but non-redundant roles during development of the locus coeruleus (LC), the main noradrenergic (NA) neuron center in the mammalian brain. The ubiquitin E3 ligase Rnf220 and its cofactor Zc4h2 participate in ventral neural tube patterning by modulating Shh/Gli signaling, and ZC4H2 mutation is associated with intellectual disability, although the mechanisms for this remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Zc4h2 and Rnf220 are required for the development of central NA neurons in the mouse brain. Both Zc4h2 and Rnf220 are expressed in developing LC-NA neurons. Although properly initiated at E10.5, the expression of genes associated with LC-NA neurons is not maintained at the later embryonic stages in mice with a deficiency of either Rnf220 or Zc4h2 In addition, we show that the Rnf220/Zc4h2 complex monoubiquitylates Phox2a/Phox2b, a process required for the full transcriptional activity of Phox2a/Phox2b. Our work reveals a role for Rnf220/Zc4h2 in regulating LC-NA neuron development, and this finding may be helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of ZC4H2 mutation-associated intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, China
| | - Chun-Hui He
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Li R, Guo W, Lei L, Zhang L, Liu Y, Han J, Chen L, Zhou B. Early-life exposure to the organophosphorus flame-retardant tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate induces delayed neurotoxicity associated with DNA methylation in adult zebrafish. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105293. [PMID: 31731001 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Early-life exposure to toxicants could affect health outcomes in adulthood. We determined the effects of early-life exposure to the organophosphorus flame-retardant tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) in adult zebrafish. Embryos were exposed to TDCIPP from early embryogenesis (2 h post-fertilization) to 10 days post-fertilization (dpf), and larvae were transferred to clean water until adulthood (150 dpf). TDCIPP showed accumulation in larvae, but returned to control levels after 7 days of depuration. In adult zebrafish exposed to TDCIPP in early life, vulnerability to anxiety-like behavior was observed in females but not males, suggesting gender-dependent neurotoxicity. Decreased dopamine (DA) concentration and down-regulation of dopaminergic signaling related genes were observed in the brains of adult females. Upregulation of DNA methylation transferases (dnmt1, dnmt3a, and dnmt3b) genes were observed in larvae and brains of adult females. Further, the promoter regions of the selected key genes (bdnf, drd4b, zc4h2 and th) showed increased DNA methylation status, accompanied by down-regulation of gene transcription in larvae and brains of adult females. Our results indicate that early-life exposure to TDCIPP could cause delayed neurotoxicity in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yunhao Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Wang D, Hu D, Guo Z, Hu R, Wang Q, Liu Y, Liu M, Meng Z, Yang H, Zhang Y, Cai F, Zhou W, Song W. A novel de novo nonsense mutation in ZC4H2 causes Wieacker-Wolff Syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e1100. [PMID: 31885220 PMCID: PMC7005642 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wieacker‐Wolff syndrome (WWS) is a congenital X‐linked neuromuscular disorder, which was firstly reported in 1985. Zinc finger C4H2‐type containing (ZC4H2) gene has been found to be associated with the disease pathogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Methods Whole‐exome sequencing was performed to identify the mutations. Expression plasmids were constructed and cell culture and immune‐biochemical assays were used to examine the effects of the mutation. Results We reported a female patient with classical symptoms of WWS and discovered a novel nonsense heterozygous mutation (p.R67X; c.199C>T) in ZC4H2 gene in the patient but not in her parents. The mutation resulted in a 66 amino‐acid truncated ZC4H2 protein. The mutation is located in the key helix domain and it altered the subcellular locations of the mutant ZC4H2 protein. X‐chromosome inactivation (XCI) pattern analysis revealed that the XCI ratio of the proband was 22:78. Conclusion Female heterozygous carriers with nonsense mutation with a truncated ZC4H2 protein could lead to the pathogenesis of Wieacker‐Wolff syndrome and our study provides a potential new target for the disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongjie Hu
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhichao Guo
- Department of Internal Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qunxian Wang
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingjing Liu
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zijun Meng
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fang Cai
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Weihui Zhou
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihong Song
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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van Eyk CL, Corbett MA, Frank MSB, Webber DL, Newman M, Berry JG, Harper K, Haines BP, McMichael G, Woenig JA, MacLennan AH, Gecz J. Targeted resequencing identifies genes with recurrent variation in cerebral palsy. NPJ Genom Med 2019; 4:27. [PMID: 31700678 PMCID: PMC6828700 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-019-0101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence points to a considerable and heterogeneous genetic aetiology of cerebral palsy (CP). To identify recurrently variant CP genes, we designed a custom gene panel of 112 candidate genes. We tested 366 clinically unselected singleton cases with CP, including 271 cases not previously examined using next-generation sequencing technologies. Overall, 5.2% of the naïve cases (14/271) harboured a genetic variant of clinical significance in a known disease gene, with a further 4.8% of individuals (13/271) having a variant in a candidate gene classified as intolerant to variation. In the aggregate cohort of individuals from this study and our previous genomic investigations, six recurrently hit genes contributed at least 4% of disease burden to CP: COL4A1, TUBA1A, AGAP1, L1CAM, MAOB and KIF1A. Significance of Rare VAriants (SORVA) burden analysis identified four genes with a genome-wide significant burden of variants, AGAP1, ERLIN1, ZDHHC9 and PROC, of which we functionally assessed AGAP1 using a zebrafish model. Our investigations reinforce that CP is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with known as well as novel genetic determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L van Eyk
- 1Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia.,2Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - M A Corbett
- 1Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia.,2Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - M S B Frank
- 1Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia.,2Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - D L Webber
- 1Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia.,2Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - M Newman
- 3Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - J G Berry
- 1Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia.,2Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - K Harper
- 1Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia.,2Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - B P Haines
- 1Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia.,2Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - G McMichael
- 1Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia.,2Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - J A Woenig
- 1Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia.,2Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - A H MacLennan
- 1Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia.,2Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - J Gecz
- 1Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia.,2Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia.,4South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
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Frints SGM, Hennig F, Colombo R, Jacquemont S, Terhal P, Zimmerman HH, Hunt D, Mendelsohn BA, Kordaß U, Webster R, Sinnema M, Abdul-Rahman O, Suckow V, Fernández-Jaén A, van Roozendaal K, Stevens SJC, Macville MVE, Al-Nasiry S, van Gassen K, Utzig N, Koudijs SM, McGregor L, Maas SM, Baralle D, Dixit A, Wieacker P, Lee M, Lee AS, Engle EC, Houge G, Gradek GA, Douglas AGL, Longman C, Joss S, Velasco D, Hennekam RC, Hirata H, Kalscheuer VM. Deleterious de novo variants of X-linked ZC4H2 in females cause a variable phenotype with neurogenic arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:2270-2285. [PMID: 31206972 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the X-linked gene ZC4H2, which encodes a zinc-finger protein, cause an infrequently described syndromic form of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) with central and peripheral nervous system involvement. We present genetic and detailed phenotypic information on 23 newly identified families and simplex cases that include 19 affected females from 18 families and 14 affected males from nine families. Of note, the 15 females with deleterious de novo ZC4H2 variants presented with phenotypes ranging from mild to severe, and their clinical features overlapped with those seen in affected males. By contrast, of the nine carrier females with inherited ZC4H2 missense variants that were deleterious in affected male relatives, four were symptomatic. We also compared clinical phenotypes with previously published cases of both sexes and provide an overview on 48 males and 57 females from 42 families. The spectrum of ZC4H2 defects comprises novel and recurrent mostly inherited missense variants in affected males, and de novo splicing, frameshift, nonsense, and partial ZC4H2 deletions in affected females. Pathogenicity of two newly identified missense variants was further supported by studies in zebrafish. We propose ZC4H2 as a good candidate for early genetic testing of males and females with a clinical suspicion of fetal hypo-/akinesia and/or (neurogenic) AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna G M Frints
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Medicine Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Friederike Hennig
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Center for the Study of Rare Inherited Diseases (CeSMER), Niguarda Ca' Granda Metropolitan Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paulien Terhal
- Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics Division, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Holly H Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - David Hunt
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Bryce A Mendelsohn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ulrike Kordaß
- MVZ für Humangenetik und Molekularpathologie GmbH, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Richard Webster
- The Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Margje Sinnema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Medicine Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Omar Abdul-Rahman
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics & Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Vanessa Suckow
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kees van Roozendaal
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Servi J C Stevens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Medicine Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Merryn V E Macville
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Medicine Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Salwan Al-Nasiry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnostics & Therapy, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van Gassen
- Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics Division, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Utzig
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Suzanne M Koudijs
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lesley McGregor
- SA Clinical Genetics Service, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Baralle
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Abhijit Dixit
- City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter Wieacker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Arthur S Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Gunnar Houge
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gyri A Gradek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrew G L Douglas
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Cheryl Longman
- West of Scotland Regional Genetic Centre, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Regional Genetic Centre, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Danita Velasco
- Department of Pediatrics, Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics & Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hiromi Hirata
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Vera M Kalscheuer
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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Lord J, McMullan DJ, Eberhardt RY, Rinck G, Hamilton SJ, Quinlan-Jones E, Prigmore E, Keelagher R, Best SK, Carey GK, Mellis R, Robart S, Berry IR, Chandler KE, Cilliers D, Cresswell L, Edwards SL, Gardiner C, Henderson A, Holden ST, Homfray T, Lester T, Lewis RA, Newbury-Ecob R, Prescott K, Quarrell OW, Ramsden SC, Roberts E, Tapon D, Tooley MJ, Vasudevan PC, Weber AP, Wellesley DG, Westwood P, White H, Parker M, Williams D, Jenkins L, Scott RH, Kilby MD, Chitty LS, Hurles ME, Maher ER. Prenatal exome sequencing analysis in fetal structural anomalies detected by ultrasonography (PAGE): a cohort study. Lancet 2019; 393:747-757. [PMID: 30712880 PMCID: PMC6386638 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal structural anomalies, which are detected by ultrasonography, have a range of genetic causes, including chromosomal aneuploidy, copy number variations (CNVs; which are detectable by chromosomal microarrays), and pathogenic sequence variants in developmental genes. Testing for aneuploidy and CNVs is routine during the investigation of fetal structural anomalies, but there is little information on the clinical usefulness of genome-wide next-generation sequencing in the prenatal setting. We therefore aimed to evaluate the proportion of fetuses with structural abnormalities that had identifiable variants in genes associated with developmental disorders when assessed with whole-exome sequencing (WES). METHODS In this prospective cohort study, two groups in Birmingham and London recruited patients from 34 fetal medicine units in England and Scotland. We used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to evaluate the presence of genetic variants in developmental disorder genes (diagnostic genetic variants) in a cohort of fetuses with structural anomalies and samples from their parents, after exclusion of aneuploidy and large CNVs. Women were eligible for inclusion if they were undergoing invasive testing for identified nuchal translucency or structural anomalies in their fetus, as detected by ultrasound after 11 weeks of gestation. The partners of these women also had to consent to participate. Sequencing results were interpreted with a targeted virtual gene panel for developmental disorders that comprised 1628 genes. Genetic results related to fetal structural anomaly phenotypes were then validated and reported postnatally. The primary endpoint, which was assessed in all fetuses, was the detection of diagnostic genetic variants considered to have caused the fetal developmental anomaly. FINDINGS The cohort was recruited between Oct 22, 2014, and June 29, 2017, and clinical data were collected until March 31, 2018. After exclusion of fetuses with aneuploidy and CNVs, 610 fetuses with structural anomalies and 1202 matched parental samples (analysed as 596 fetus-parental trios, including two sets of twins, and 14 fetus-parent dyads) were analysed by WES. After bioinformatic filtering and prioritisation according to allele frequency and effect on protein and inheritance pattern, 321 genetic variants (representing 255 potential diagnoses) were selected as potentially pathogenic genetic variants (diagnostic genetic variants), and these variants were reviewed by a multidisciplinary clinical review panel. A diagnostic genetic variant was identified in 52 (8·5%; 95% CI 6·4-11·0) of 610 fetuses assessed and an additional 24 (3·9%) fetuses had a variant of uncertain significance that had potential clinical usefulness. Detection of diagnostic genetic variants enabled us to distinguish between syndromic and non-syndromic fetal anomalies (eg, congenital heart disease only vs a syndrome with congenital heart disease and learning disability). Diagnostic genetic variants were present in 22 (15·4%) of 143 fetuses with multisystem anomalies (ie, more than one fetal structural anomaly), nine (11·1%) of 81 fetuses with cardiac anomalies, and ten (15·4%) of 65 fetuses with skeletal anomalies; these phenotypes were most commonly associated with diagnostic variants. However, diagnostic genetic variants were least common in fetuses with isolated increased nuchal translucency (≥4·0 mm) in the first trimester (in three [3·2%] of 93 fetuses). INTERPRETATION WES facilitates genetic diagnosis of fetal structural anomalies, which enables more accurate predictions of fetal prognosis and risk of recurrence in future pregnancies. However, the overall detection of diagnostic genetic variants in a prospectively ascertained cohort with a broad range of fetal structural anomalies is lower than that suggested by previous smaller-scale studies of fewer phenotypes. WES improved the identification of genetic disorders in fetuses with structural abnormalities; however, before clinical implementation, careful consideration should be given to case selection to maximise clinical usefulness. FUNDING UK Department of Health and Social Care and The Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic J McMullan
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Susan J Hamilton
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Quinlan-Jones
- West Midlands Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Women's and Newborn Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Keelagher
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sunayna K Best
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London UK
| | - Georgina K Carey
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rhiannon Mellis
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London UK
| | - Sarah Robart
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London UK
| | - Ian R Berry
- The Leeds Genetics Laboratory, St James's University Hospital, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Kate E Chandler
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Deirdre Cilliers
- Oxford Genomic Medicine Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Lara Cresswell
- Department of Cytogenetics, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Sandra L Edwards
- Cytogenetics Service, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Carol Gardiner
- West of Scotland Genetics Services, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex Henderson
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon T Holden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tessa Homfray
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tracy Lester
- Oxford Regional Genetics Services, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca A Lewis
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth Newbury-Ecob
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St Michael's Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katrina Prescott
- Chapel Allerton Hospital, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Oliver W Quarrell
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon C Ramsden
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Eileen Roberts
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Dagmar Tapon
- Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Madeleine J Tooley
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St Michael's Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pradeep C Vasudevan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Astrid P Weber
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Diana G Wellesley
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Wessex Regional Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Westwood
- West of Scotland Genetics Services, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen White
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Wessex Regional Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Michael Parker
- The Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health and Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Denise Williams
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lucy Jenkins
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London UK
| | - Richard H Scott
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London UK
| | - Mark D Kilby
- West Midlands Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Women's and Newborn Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lyn S Chitty
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London UK
| | | | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge, UK.
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Kondo D, Noguchi A, Takahashi I, Kubota H, Yano T, Sato Y, Toyono M, Sawaishi Y, Takahashi T. A novel ZC4H2 gene mutation, K209N, in Japanese siblings with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and intellectual disability: characterization of the K209N mutation and clinical findings. Brain Dev 2018; 40:760-767. [PMID: 29803542 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reveal a molecular lesion in the ZC4H2 gene in a Japanese family with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) and intellectual disability (ID), and to characterize clinical features of patients with ZC4H2 gene mutations through a literature review. PATIENTS The probands are male siblings. The elder brother is an 11-year-old boy who showed AMC and ID and frequent postprandial hypoglycemia since 3 years of age. The younger brother also showed AMC, ID, and subclinical postprandial hypoglycemia. The boys' mother also showed a minor malformation of the left toes. METHOD AND RESULT Using Sanger sequencing, a hemizygous one base substitution designated c.627G > C, which is predicted to substitute asparagine for lysine at amino acid residue 209 (K209N), was identified in the siblings. The mother was heterozygous for this mutation. In silico analysis predicted K209N to be a constituent of a motif required for subcellular localization of the ZC4H2 protein in the nucleus. Transient expression studies of subcellular localization in COS-7 cells showed that compared to the wild-type protein, the transport of the mutant protein into the nucleus was inhibited, thus confirming K209N as a molecular lesion in this family. The literature reviews revealed postprandial hypoglycemia as a new clinical feature that should be considered in ZC4H2 gene-mutation disorders. CONCLUSION A Japanese family with AMC and ID caused by a novel ZC4H2 gene mutation was reported. Hypoglycemia should be considered one of the features in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Atsuko Noguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Tamami Yano
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoko Sato
- Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote, Akita, Japan
| | - Miyuki Toyono
- Division of Pediatrics, Akita Prefectural Center on Development and Disability, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Yukio Sawaishi
- Division of Pediatrics, Akita Prefectural Center on Development and Disability, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, Japan.
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Kim J, Choi TI, Park S, Kim MH, Kim CH, Lee S. Rnf220 cooperates with Zc4h2 to specify spinal progenitor domains. Development 2018; 145:145/17/dev165340. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.165340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
During early embryonic development of the spinal cord, graded sonic hedgehog signaling establishes distinct ventral progenitor domains by regulating the spatiotemporal expression of fate-specifying transcription factors. However, regulation of their protein stability remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that RNF220, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, plays crucial roles in the generation of the ventral progenitor domains, which produce ventral interneurons and motor neurons, by targeting key transcription factors including Dbx1/2 and Nkx2.2 for degradation. Surprisingly, RNF220 interacts with, and is co-expressed with, a zinc-finger protein ZC4H2, and they cooperate to degrade Dbx1/2 and Nkx2.2. RNF220-null mice show widespread alterations of ventral progenitor domains, including the loss of the p2 domain that produces V2 interneurons. Knockdown of RNF220 and ZC4H2 in the chick spinal cord downregulates expression of the V2 interneuronal marker Chx10. Co-expression of RNF220 and ZC4H2 further promotes the ability of Nkx6.1 to induce ectopic Chx10+ V2 interneurons. Our results uncover a novel regulatory pathway in establishing distinct progenitor domains through modulating the protein stability of transcription factors. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanism by which ZC4H2 mutations lead to human syndromes characterized by delayed motor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Tae-Ik Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Shinhye Park
- Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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38
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Gao D, Wang C, Xi Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zuo Z. Early-Life Benzo[a]Pyrene Exposure Causes Neurodegenerative Syndromes in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the Mechanism Involved. Toxicol Sci 2018; 157:74-84. [PMID: 28329817 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of the importance of early-life environmental exposures in health disorders at later-life stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether early-life exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) could induce neurodegenerative syndromes at later-life stages in zebrafish. Embryos were exposed to BaP at doses of 0, 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 50 nM from early embryogenesis to 96 h post-fertilization (hpf), then transferred to clean water and maintained for 365 days. We found that BaP decreased locomotor and cognitive ability, neurotransmitter levels of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and norepinephrine; and induced loss of dopaminergic neurons and resulted in neurodegeneration. Additionally, BaP increased amyloid β protein and cell apoptosis in the adult zebrafish brain. Further, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and DNMT3a were up-regulated in 96 hpf larvae and the adult brain. MeDIP-sequencing data of the 96 hpf larvae identified 235 differentially methylated genes in promoter, with the fold change > 1.5. Guanylate cyclase 2F (gucy2f) and dopamine receptor D4 related sequence (drd4-rs) were hypermethylation promoters, whereas zinc finger C4H2 domain (zc4h2) was a hypomethylation promoter in 96 hpf larvae and the adult brain. The mRNA levels of gucy2f and drd4-rs were down-regulated, and zc4h2 was up-regulated. Our findings suggested that the lasting modifications of DNA methylation were associated with neurodegenerative syndromes in adult zebrafish as a result of early-life BaP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhihui Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yixi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanchuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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39
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Neri G, Schwartz CE, Lubs HA, Stevenson RE. X-linked intellectual disability update 2017. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1375-1388. [PMID: 29696803 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The X-chromosome comprises only about 5% of the human genome but accounts for about 15% of the genes currently known to be associated with intellectual disability. The early progress in identifying the X-linked intellectual disability (XLID)-associated genes through linkage analysis and candidate gene sequencing has been accelerated with the use of high-throughput technologies. In the 10 years since the last update, the number of genes associated with XLID has increased by 96% from 72 to 141 and duplications of all 141 XLID genes have been described, primarily through the application of high-resolution microarrays and next generation sequencing. The progress in identifying genetic and genomic alterations associated with XLID has not been matched with insights that improve the clinician's ability to form differential diagnoses, that bring into view the possibility of curative therapies for patients, or that inform scientists of the impact of the genetic alterations on cell organization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Neri
- J.C. Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina.,Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Charles E Schwartz
- J.C. Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina
| | - Herbert A Lubs
- J.C. Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina
| | - Roger E Stevenson
- J.C. Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina
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40
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Okubo Y, Endo W, Inui T, Suzuki-Muromoto S, Miyabayashi T, Togashi N, Sato R, Arai-Ichinoi N, Kikuchi A, Kure S, Haginoya K. A severe female case of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with brain atrophy, spastic quadriplegia and intellectual disability caused by ZC4H2 mutation. Brain Dev 2018; 40:334-338. [PMID: 29254829 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is characterized by heterogeneous multiple congenital contractures appearing at birth. Mutations in X-linked zinc-finger gene ZC4H2 were recently identified in some families and individuals with variable forms of AMC associated with dysmorphic signs, intellectual disability and spastic paresis. We present a non-consanguineous Japanese female presenting AMC with severe intellectual disability and spastic quadriplegia who also had progressive brain atrophy. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization identified 395 kb microdeletions at Xq11.2 which only included ZC4H2 gene. Previous reports showed that affected females have lesser symptoms and slight abnormality on brain MRI compared to male due to X-inactivation. Our case, however, showed severe manifestation than as ever reported as well as progressive diffuse brain atrophy, which implicated contribution of other genetic or environmental factors or extremely skewed X inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimune Okubo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi 982-0241, Japan.
| | - Wakaba Endo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takehiko Inui
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi 982-0241, Japan
| | - Sato Suzuki-Muromoto
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi 982-0241, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyabayashi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi 982-0241, Japan
| | - Noriko Togashi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi 982-0241, Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi 982-0241, Japan
| | | | - Atsuo Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Haginoya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi 982-0241, Japan
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41
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Godfrey ND, Dowlatshahi S, Martin MM, Rothkopf DM. Wieacker-Wolff syndrome with associated cleft palate in a female case. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:167-170. [PMID: 29150902 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Wieacker-Wolff syndrome is a rare congenital syndrome with few reported cases in the current literature. It is traditionally described in males as an X-linked recessive disorder associated with congenital contractures of the feet, progressive neurologic muscular atrophy, and intellectual delay caused by ZC4H2 mutations. The purpose of this paper is to present a female individual with a classic phenotype and cleft palate, a previously undescribed finding in this syndrome. Recent reports have demonstrated that females are rarely severely affected and phenotypic expression is difficult to predict [Zanzottera et al. (); American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 173A: 1358-1363]. This case supports the unpredictability of Wieacker-Wolff syndrome severity and prompts future questions regarding female mutations and phenotypic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie D Godfrey
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Samandar Dowlatshahi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Madelena M Martin
- Division of Genetics, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Douglas M Rothkopf
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
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42
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Ma P, Ren B, Yang X, Sun B, Liu X, Kong Q, Li C, Mao B. ZC4H2 stabilizes Smads to enhance BMP signalling, which is involved in neural development in Xenopus. Open Biol 2017; 7:rsob.170122. [PMID: 28814648 PMCID: PMC5577449 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play vital roles in regulating stem cell maintenance, differentiation and embryonic development. Intracellularly, BMP signalling is mediated by Smad proteins, which are regulated post-transcriptionally through reversible phosphorylation and ubiquitination. ZC4H2 is a small nuclear protein associated with intellectual disability and neural development in humans. Here, we report that ZC4H2 is highly expressed in the developing neural system and is involved in neural patterning and BMP signalling in Xenopus Knockdown of ZC4H2 led to expansion of the expression of the pan neural plate marker Sox2 in Xenopus embryos. In mammalian cells, ZC4H2 promotes BMP signalling and is involved in BMP regulated myogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mouse myoblast cells. Mechanistically, ZC4H2 binds and stabilizes Smad1 and Smad5 proteins through reducing their association with the Smurf ubiquitin ligases and thus their ubiquitination. We also found that a group of ZC4H2 mutations, which have been isolated in patients with intellectual disorders, showed weaker Smad-stabilizing activity, suggesting that the ZC4H2-Smad interaction might contribute to proper neural development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangcai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaocui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
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43
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Zanzottera C, Milani D, Alfei E, Rizzo A, D'Arrigo S, Esposito S, Pantaleoni C. ZC4H2 deletions can cause severe phenotype in female carriers. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1358-1363. [PMID: 28345801 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ZC4H2 is involved in human brain development, and, if mutated, can be responsible for a rare X-linked disorder, originally presented in literature as Wieacker-Wolff syndrome and Miles-Carpenter syndrome. In males, severe intellectual disability is associated with variable symptoms of central and peripheral nervous system involvement, such as spasticity, hyperreflexia, muscle weakness, and arthrogryposis. Female carriers are usually described as asymptomatic or only mildly affected. Here, we report on a girl carrying a de novo deletion of ZC4H2 detected by array-CGH analysis. She showed a complex neurodevelopmental disorder resembling the clinical picture commonly observed in male patients. X-inactivation was found to be random. Additionally, she had an unusual appearance of fingers and hand creases, and electromyography showed a peculiar pattern of both neurogenic and myopathic anomalies. The present patient confirms that female carriers can also be severely affected. Systematic clinical investigations of both males and females are needed to define the variety in nature and severity of phenotypes related to ZC4H2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zanzottera
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Alfei
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ambra Rizzo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetic, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pantaleoni
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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44
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Schuelke M, Øien NC, Oldfors A. Myopathology in the times of modern genetics. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2017; 43:44-61. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Charité-Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
| | - N. C. Øien
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Charité-Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Oldfors
- Department of Pathology and Genetics; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
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45
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Abstract
The genomes of individuals with severe, undiagnosed developmental disorders are enriched in damaging de novo mutations (DNMs) in developmentally important genes. Here we have sequenced the exomes of 4,293 families containing individuals with developmental disorders, and meta-analysed these data with data from another 3,287 individuals with similar disorders. We show that the most important factors influencing the diagnostic yield of DNMs are the sex of the affected individual, the relatedness of their parents, whether close relatives are affected and the parental ages. We identified 94 genes enriched in damaging DNMs, including 14 that previously lacked compelling evidence of involvement in developmental disorders. We have also characterized the phenotypic diversity among these disorders. We estimate that 42% of our cohort carry pathogenic DNMs in coding sequences; approximately half of these DNMs disrupt gene function and the remainder result in altered protein function. We estimate that developmental disorders caused by DNMs have an average prevalence of 1 in 213 to 1 in 448 births, depending on parental age. Given current global demographics, this equates to almost 400,000 children born per year.
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46
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Hagenaars SP, Hill WD, Harris SE, Ritchie SJ, Davies G, Liewald DC, Gale CR, Porteous DJ, Deary IJ, Marioni RE. Genetic prediction of male pattern baldness. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006594. [PMID: 28196072 PMCID: PMC5308812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Male pattern baldness can have substantial psychosocial effects, and it has been phenotypically linked to adverse health outcomes such as prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease. We explored the genetic architecture of the trait using data from over 52,000 male participants of UK Biobank, aged 40-69 years. We identified over 250 independent genetic loci associated with severe hair loss (P<5x10-8). By splitting the cohort into a discovery sample of 40,000 and target sample of 12,000, we developed a prediction algorithm based entirely on common genetic variants that discriminated (AUC = 0.78, sensitivity = 0.74, specificity = 0.69, PPV = 59%, NPV = 82%) those with no hair loss from those with severe hair loss. The results of this study might help identify those at greatest risk of hair loss, and also potential genetic targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia P. Hagenaars
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - W. David Hill
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. Ritchie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Catharine R. Gale
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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47
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Couser NL, Masood MM, Aylsworth AS, Stevenson RE. Ocular manifestations in the X-linked intellectual disability syndromes. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 38:401-412. [PMID: 28112979 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1247459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID), a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by limitations of both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, affects an estimated 1-2% of children. Genetic causes of ID are often accompanied by recognizable syndromal patterns. The vision apparatus is a sensory extension of the brain, and individuals with intellectual disabilities frequently have coexisting abnormalities of ocular structures and the visual pathway system. About one-third of the X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) syndromes have significant eye or ocular adnexa abnormalities that provide important diagnostic clues. Some XLID syndromes (e.g. Aicardi, cerebrooculogenital, Graham anophthalmia, Lenz, Lowe, MIDAS) are widely known for their characteristic ocular manifestations. Nystagmus, optic atrophy, and strabismus are among the more common, nonspecific, ocular manifestations that contribute to neuro-ophthalmological morbidity. Common dysmorphic oculofacial findings include anophthalmia, microphthalmia, hypertelorism, and abnormalities in the configuration or orientation of the palpebral fissures. Four XLID syndromes with major ocular manifestations (incontinentia pigmenti, Goltz, MIDAS, and Aicardi syndromes) are notable because of male lethality and expression occurring predominantly in females. The majority of the genes associated with XLID and ocular manifestations have now been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natario L Couser
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA.,b Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics , University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Maheer M Masood
- c University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- b Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics , University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA.,d Department of Genetics , University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Roger E Stevenson
- e Greenwood Genetic Center, JC Self Research Institute of Human Genetics , Greenwood , South Carolina , USA
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48
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49
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Knierim E, Hirata H, Wolf NI, Morales-Gonzalez S, Schottmann G, Tanaka Y, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Orgeur M, Zerres K, Vogt S, van Riesen A, Gill E, Seifert F, Zwirner A, Kirschner J, Goebel HH, Hübner C, Stricker S, Meierhofer D, Stenzel W, Schuelke M. Mutations in Subunits of the Activating Signal Cointegrator 1 Complex Are Associated with Prenatal Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Congenital Bone Fractures. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:473-489. [PMID: 26924529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional signal cointegrators associate with transcription factors or nuclear receptors and coregulate tissue-specific gene transcription. We report on recessive loss-of-function mutations in two genes (TRIP4 and ASCC1) that encode subunits of the nuclear activating signal cointegrator 1 (ASC-1) complex. We used autozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing to search for pathogenic mutations in four families. Affected individuals presented with prenatal-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), multiple congenital contractures (arthrogryposis multiplex congenita), respiratory distress, and congenital bone fractures. We identified homozygous and compound-heterozygous nonsense and frameshift TRIP4 and ASCC1 mutations that led to a truncation or the entire absence of the respective proteins and cosegregated with the disease phenotype. Trip4 and Ascc1 have identical expression patterns in 17.5-day-old mouse embryos with high expression levels in the spinal cord, brain, paraspinal ganglia, thyroid, and submandibular glands. Antisense morpholino-mediated knockdown of either trip4 or ascc1 in zebrafish disrupted the highly patterned and coordinated process of α-motoneuron outgrowth and formation of myotomes and neuromuscular junctions and led to a swimming defect in the larvae. Immunoprecipitation of the ASC-1 complex consistently copurified cysteine and glycine rich protein 1 (CSRP1), a transcriptional cofactor, which is known to be involved in spinal cord regeneration upon injury in adult zebrafish. ASCC1 mutant fibroblasts downregulated genes associated with neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and pathfinding (SERPINF1, DAB1, SEMA3D, SEMA3A), as well as with bone development (TNFRSF11B, RASSF2, STC1). Our findings indicate that the dysfunction of a transcriptional coactivator complex can result in a clinical syndrome affecting the neuromuscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Knierim
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiromi Hirata
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan; Center for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Child Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Morales-Gonzalez
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Schottmann
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
| | - Sabine Rudnik-Schöneborn
- Institute of Human Genetics and University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mickael Orgeur
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Free University Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Zerres
- Institute of Human Genetics and University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Vogt
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard & Partner, 44137 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anne van Riesen
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Esther Gill
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Seifert
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Zwirner
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans Hilmar Goebel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Free University Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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50
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Hu H, Haas SA, Chelly J, Van Esch H, Raynaud M, de Brouwer APM, Weinert S, Froyen G, Frints SGM, Laumonnier F, Zemojtel T, Love MI, Richard H, Emde AK, Bienek M, Jensen C, Hambrock M, Fischer U, Langnick C, Feldkamp M, Wissink-Lindhout W, Lebrun N, Castelnau L, Rucci J, Montjean R, Dorseuil O, Billuart P, Stuhlmann T, Shaw M, Corbett MA, Gardner A, Willis-Owen S, Tan C, Friend KL, Belet S, van Roozendaal KEP, Jimenez-Pocquet M, Moizard MP, Ronce N, Sun R, O'Keeffe S, Chenna R, van Bömmel A, Göke J, Hackett A, Field M, Christie L, Boyle J, Haan E, Nelson J, Turner G, Baynam G, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Müller U, Steinberger D, Budny B, Badura-Stronka M, Latos-Bieleńska A, Ousager LB, Wieacker P, Rodríguez Criado G, Bondeson ML, Annerén G, Dufke A, Cohen M, Van Maldergem L, Vincent-Delorme C, Echenne B, Simon-Bouy B, Kleefstra T, Willemsen M, Fryns JP, Devriendt K, Ullmann R, Vingron M, Wrogemann K, Wienker TF, Tzschach A, van Bokhoven H, Gecz J, Jentsch TJ, Chen W, Ropers HH, Kalscheuer VM. X-exome sequencing of 405 unresolved families identifies seven novel intellectual disability genes. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:133-48. [PMID: 25644381 PMCID: PMC5414091 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. During the past two decades in excess of 100 X-chromosome ID genes have been identified. Yet, a large number of families mapping to the X-chromosome remained unresolved suggesting that more XLID genes or loci are yet to be identified. Here, we have investigated 405 unresolved families with XLID. We employed massively parallel sequencing of all X-chromosome exons in the index males. The majority of these males were previously tested negative for copy number variations and for mutations in a subset of known XLID genes by Sanger sequencing. In total, 745 X-chromosomal genes were screened. After stringent filtering, a total of 1297 non-recurrent exonic variants remained for prioritization. Co-segregation analysis of potential clinically relevant changes revealed that 80 families (20%) carried pathogenic variants in established XLID genes. In 19 families, we detected likely causative protein truncating and missense variants in 7 novel and validated XLID genes (CLCN4, CNKSR2, FRMPD4, KLHL15, LAS1L, RLIM and USP27X) and potentially deleterious variants in 2 novel candidate XLID genes (CDK16 and TAF1). We show that the CLCN4 and CNKSR2 variants impair protein functions as indicated by electrophysiological studies and altered differentiation of cultured primary neurons from Clcn4(-/-) mice or after mRNA knock-down. The newly identified and candidate XLID proteins belong to pathways and networks with established roles in cognitive function and intellectual disability in particular. We suggest that systematic sequencing of all X-chromosomal genes in a cohort of patients with genetic evidence for X-chromosome locus involvement may resolve up to 58% of Fragile X-negative cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hu
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - S A Haas
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Chelly
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - H Van Esch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Raynaud
- Inserm U930 ‘Imaging and Brain', Tours, France,University François-Rabelais, Tours, France,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - A P M de Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Weinert
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany,Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Froyen
- Human Genome Laboratory, VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium,Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S G M Frints
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands,School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F Laumonnier
- Inserm U930 ‘Imaging and Brain', Tours, France,University François-Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - T Zemojtel
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - M I Love
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Richard
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A-K Emde
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Bienek
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Jensen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Hambrock
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Fischer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Langnick
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Feldkamp
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Wissink-Lindhout
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N Lebrun
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - L Castelnau
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - J Rucci
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - R Montjean
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - O Dorseuil
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - P Billuart
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - T Stuhlmann
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany,Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Shaw
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M A Corbett
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - A Gardner
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Willis-Owen
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Tan
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - K L Friend
- SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Belet
- Human Genome Laboratory, VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium,Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K E P van Roozendaal
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands,School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Jimenez-Pocquet
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - M-P Moizard
- Inserm U930 ‘Imaging and Brain', Tours, France,University François-Rabelais, Tours, France,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - N Ronce
- Inserm U930 ‘Imaging and Brain', Tours, France,University François-Rabelais, Tours, France,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - R Sun
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - S O'Keeffe
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Chenna
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A van Bömmel
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Göke
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Hackett
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - M Field
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - L Christie
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - J Boyle
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - E Haan
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J Nelson
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - G Turner
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - G Baynam
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - U Müller
- Institut für Humangenetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany,bio.logis Center for Human Genetics, Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - D Steinberger
- Institut für Humangenetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany,bio.logis Center for Human Genetics, Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - B Budny
- Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Ponzan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Badura-Stronka
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Latos-Bieleńska
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - L B Ousager
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Wieacker
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - M-L Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Annerén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Dufke
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Angewandte Genomik, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Cohen
- Kinderzentrum München, München, Germany
| | - L Van Maldergem
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - C Vincent-Delorme
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre CHRU de Lilles, Lille, France
| | - B Echenne
- Service de Neuro-Pédiatrie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - B Simon-Bouy
- Laboratoire SESEP, Centre hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - T Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Willemsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J-P Fryns
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Ullmann
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Vingron
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Wrogemann
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - T F Wienker
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Tzschach
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - H van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Gecz
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - T J Jentsch
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany,Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Chen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany,Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H-H Ropers
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - V M Kalscheuer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, Berlin 14195, Germany. E-mail:
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