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Nassrallah EI, Nassrallah GB, Mastromonaco C, Denis R, Dias AB, Saheb N, Burnier MN. Clinical and anatomic correlates of objectively measured zonular dehiscence in 427 postmortem pseudophakic eyes. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 59:e193-e199. [PMID: 36966817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to objectively measure the degree of zonular dehiscence in postmortem eyes and to assess for clinical and anatomic correlates. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. MATERIALS Four hundred and twenty-seven postmortem pseudophakic human eyes. METHODS Eyes were obtained from the Lions Gift of Sight Eye Bank. Microscope photographs were taken of the eyes in Miyake-Apple view, and region-of-interest analysis was performed using ImageJ to measure the area, circumference, and diameter of the capsular bag, the ciliary ring, and the capsulorhexis. Clinical and anatomic parameters were assessed using simple linear regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni testing. Zonular dehiscence was measured via 2 surrogates: capsule area over ciliary ring area ratio (CCR) and capsule-ciliary ring decentration (CCD). Low CCR and high CCD indicate more zonular dehiscence. RESULTS CCR was significantly inversely correlated with smaller capsulorhexi (p = 0.012), lower intraocular lens power (p < 0.00001), younger age at death (p = 0.00002), and a longer cataract-to-death time (p = 0.00786). CCR also was significantly lower in glaucomatous cases (p = 0.0291). CCD was significantly correlated with longer cataract-to-death time (p = 0.000864), larger ciliary ring area (p = 0.001), more posterior capsule opacification (p = 0.0234), and higher Soemmering's ring opacity (p = 0.0003). There was also significantly more decentration in male eyes than in female eyes (p = 0.00852). CONCLUSIONS CCR and CCD are novel measures of zonular dehiscence in postmortem eyes, with many interesting correlates. An enlarged ciliary ring area is possibly associated with zonular dehiscence in pseudophakic eyes and may be a quantifiable surrogate in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georges B Nassrallah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | | | - Raphaelle Denis
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - Ana Beatriz Dias
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - Nabil Saheb
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
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Andoh JE, Mehta SK, Mir TA, Chen EM, Nwanyanwu K, Teng CC. Domestic Violence-Related Ocular Injuries Among Adult Patients: Data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2008-2017. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024; 31:169-177. [PMID: 37345877 PMCID: PMC10739625 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2222792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate domestic violence (DV)-related ocular injuries among adult emergency department (ED) patients in the US. METHODS This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients with a diagnosis of DV and diagnosis of ocular injury in the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) from 2008-2017. We identified patient- and hospital-level variables associated with DV-related ocular injuries. We calculated annual incidence rates using US Census data. Adjusting for inflation using the Consumer Price Index, we calculated mean and total charges. RESULTS From 2008-2017, there were 26,215 ED visits for ocular injuries related to DV with an average incidence of 1.09 per 100,000 adult population (female patients, 84.5%; mean age [SE], 34.3 [0.2]). DV-related ocular injuries were most prevalent among patients in the lowest income quartile (39.1%) and on Medicaid (37.4%). Most ED visits presented to metropolitan teaching (55.4%), non-trauma (46.7%), and south regional (30.5%) hospitals. The most common ocular injury was contusion of eye/adnexa (61.1%). The hospital admission rate was 5.2% with a mean hospital stay of 2.9 [0.2]. The inflation-adjusted mean cost for medical services was $38,540 [2,310.8] per encounter with an average increase of $2,116 per encounter, annually. The likelihood of hospital admission increased for patients aged ≥60 years old, on Medicare, and with open globes or facial/orbital fractures (all p < .05). CONCLUSION Contusion of the eye/adnexa was the most common ocular injury among patients with DV-related ED visits. To better facilitate referrals to social services, ophthalmologists should utilize DV screenings, especially towards women and patients of less privileged socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana E. Andoh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Solomon Center for Health Law & Policy, Yale Law School, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sumarth K. Mehta
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tahreem A. Mir
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Evan M. Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kristen Nwanyanwu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher C. Teng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Kodali S, He CH, Patel S, Tao A, Szlechter M, Parsikia A, Mbekeani JN. Characteristics of ocular injuries associated with mortality in patients admitted with major trauma. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:125. [PMID: 38504178 PMCID: PMC10949718 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few ocular trauma studies have addressed mortality outcomes. We sought to determine characteristics of mortality-related ocular trauma admissions and compared them with non-fatal injuries. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted using de-identified data of patients admitted with major trauma from the National Trauma Data Bank (2008-2014). Patients with ocular injury were identified using ICD- 9CM codes. Demographics, intention and mechanism, types of ocular and head injuries, and injury severity were documented. Mortality was determined using post-admission disposition. Statistical analysis using student t-test, chi-square, and odds ratios (OR) calculations were performed with STATA-17 software. Significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Of 316,485 patients admitted with ocular trauma, 12,233 (3.86%) were mortality related. Expired patients were older than survivors: mean (SD) of 50.1(25.5) vs. 41.5(22.8) years. White (OR = 1.32; P < 0.001), ≥ 65years old (OR = 2.25; P < 0.001), and male (OR = 1.05; P = 0.029) patients were most likely to expire than their counterparts. Common mechanisms of injury in survivors were falls (25.3%), motor vehicle traffic-occupant, MVTO (21.8%) and struck by/against (18.1%) and for fatal injuries, falls (29.7%), MVTO (21.9%) and firearms (11.5%). Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was documented in 88.2% of mortality-related admissions. Very severe injury severity scores (ISS > 24) (OR = 19.19; P < 0.001) and severe Glasgow Coma Score (GCS < 8) (OR = 19.22; P < 0.001) were most associated with mortality than survival. Firearms were most associated with very severe ISS (OR = 3.73; P < 0.001), severe GCS (OR = 4.68; P < 0.001) and mortality (OR = 5.21; P < 0.001) than other mechanisms. Patients with cut/pierce injuries had the greatest odds of survival (OR = 13.48; P < 0.001). Optic nerve/visual pathways injuries (3.1%) had the highest association with very severe ISS (OR = 2.51; P < 0.001), severe GCS (OR = 3.64; P < 0.001) and mortality (OR = 2.58; P < 0.001) than other ocular injuries. Black patients with very severe ISS (OR = 32.14; P < 0.001) and severe GCS (OR = 31.89; P < 0.001) were more likely to expire than other race/ethnicities with similar injury severity. CONCLUSIONS Mortality-related admissions were older, male, and mostly of White race than ocular trauma admissions of survivors. Firearms were the deadliest mechanism. TBI was commonly associated and patients with optic nerve/pathway injuries, very severe ISS and severe GCS had higher mortality rates. Characteristics and demographic variations identified in this study may be useful in developing focused measures aimed at preventing trauma-related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Kodali
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Catherine H He
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn, USA
| | - Sheel Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alice Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, New York Medical College, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Moshe Szlechter
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), Jacobi Medical Center, 1400 Pelham Parkway, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center/ Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Afshin Parsikia
- Department of Research Services, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joyce N Mbekeani
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), Jacobi Medical Center, 1400 Pelham Parkway, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center/ Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Tieger M, Armstrong GW, Eliott D. Review of Management and Outcomes of Delayed Repair Open Globe Injuries. Semin Ophthalmol 2024; 39:139-142. [PMID: 38069614 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2286015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The standard of care for open globe injuries is prompt surgical closure, as delay in repair is a reported risk factor for post-traumatic endophthalmitis and is associated with worse visual outcomes. This article serves as a review of the current management and outcomes of open globe injuries repaired greater than 24 hours from the time of injury, specifically evaluating the rates of endophthalmitis in cases with and without intraocular foreign bodies, visual outcomes and rates of primary enucleation or evisceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Tieger
- Harvard Medical School Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grayson W Armstrong
- Harvard Medical School Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dean Eliott
- Harvard Medical School Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
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Bergman ZM, Munir SZ, Munir WM. Weather Patterns and the Frequency of Ophthalmology Consultations in the Emergency Setting. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024; 31:31-36. [PMID: 36945143 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2193627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if weather patterns are associated with the frequency of ophthalmology consultations in the Emergency Room (ER) and trauma settings. METHODS Hospital-based ophthalmology consultations between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020 at the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) were included in the BALCITE (BALtimore Consultation, Inpatient, and Trauma of the Eye) database. Encounters were filtered to the general ER, the R. Crowley Adams Shock Trauma Center, and consultations within 24 h of admission where a delay was attributed to bed assignment. Weather data from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) for Baltimore, Maryland, was matched to the day of the initial encounter. RESULTS A total of 3,877 patients were included. Overall, there was a significant association between increasing daily average temperature (R2 = .152, p = 0.0003) and daily maximum temperature (R2 = .243, p < 0.001) with incidence of ophthalmology consultations. There was no significant decrease in consultations with increasing precipitation (R2 = -.007, p = 0.7477). For trauma-related consultations, there was not a significant association between consultation incidence and average daily temperature (R2 = .011, p = 0.2013), maximum daily temperature (R2 = -0.012, p = 0.6529), or precipitation levels (R2 = .075, p = 0.24). The months with the highest consultation volume were September, August, and July, and the lowest numbers in April, March, and February. CONCLUSIONS Emergency ophthalmology consultations increased with increasing daily temperature. Trauma-specific consultations did not show a significant association with weather patterns. This information may prove useful to ER providers and ophthalmologists in order to help predict frequency of consultations and better deploy personnel and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Bergman
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saleha Z Munir
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wuqaas M Munir
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Yumang M, Yee C, Passo RM, Skalet AH. Increased Number and Severity of Open Globe Injuries during COVID-19 Stay-at-home Orders. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2023; 30:532-536. [PMID: 36748947 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2174558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the occurrence and outcome of open globe injury during state-mandated COVID-19 stay-at-home orders compared to historical averages at a tertiary medical center in Portland, Oregon. METHODS Open globe injury between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020 was identified using relevant procedure codes. The number of injuries, mechanism of trauma, and short-term outcomes of globes repaired during the study period of March 23, 2020 to July 6, 2020 when stay-at-home orders were in effect were compared to a cohort from the same 15-week time frame in 2015-2019. We also evaluated injuries occurring throughout 2020 as compared to the prior 5 years. RESULTS 263 consecutive open globe injuries were identified between January 2015 and December 2020. While Oregon's stay-at-home orders were in effect, we observed a significant increase in the number of open globe injuries treated compared to the prior 5 years (p = .004). Twenty-four cases identified during the study period represent a 2-fold increase over the 2015-2019 average of 11.8 globe repairs during the same 15-week time period. Visual acuity < 20/200 at 6 months (p = .008) and secondary enucleation (p < .001) were more frequent during stay-at-home orders, and severity of injury as calculated by the Ocular Trauma Scores (OTS) was higher. Time-to-repair was similar between the two cohorts. CONCLUSION At our center, there was an increased number and severity of open globe injury during the period of mandatory COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. Visual acuity outcomes and risk for secondary enucleation were poorer compared to the reference cohort.Abbreviations: Ocular Trauma Score (OTS), Open globe injury (OGI), Emergency department (ED), Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Yumang
- Casey Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Claudine Yee
- Casey Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Ross M Passo
- Casey Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Alison H Skalet
- Casey Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
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Evans DD, Hoyt KS. Ophthalmologic Emergencies: Assessment and Management. Adv Emerg Nurs J 2023; 45:E9-E38. [PMID: 37885088 DOI: 10.1097/tme.0000000000000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
There are an estimated 2-3 million emergency department (ED) visits in the United States for eye complaints. Although most patients who present to the ED have nontraumatic eye complaints, many seek treatment for eye trauma, which is a leading cause of unilateral blindness and vison impairment. Given the prevalence of eye-related emergencies, it is imperative that emergency care providers understand how to recognize and treat eye complaints to prevent permanent vision loss and disability. This article covers basic eye anatomy and physiology, discusses a systematic approach to the eye examination, and presents the evidence-based treatment of selected, common nonemergent and emergent eye complaints. For each complaint, essential history questions, examination techniques, differentials, and emergency management have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Dowling Evans
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Evans); and Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science, University of San Diego, San Diego, California (Dr Hoyt)
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Tram JK, Yalamanchili SP, Ata A, Pauze DR, Wladis EJ. Association of open globe injury characteristics with outcome measures in the emergency department. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:3031-3039. [PMID: 37129633 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association of demographic and clinical features of emergency department (ED) patients presenting with open globe injuries (OG) with outcomes such as inpatient admission rate, length of stay (LOS), and total cost. METHODS The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database 2018 and 2019 was used to analyze the association of demographic and clinical features of OG patients with outcome measures. RESULTS 8404 OG patients were identified. Medicaid patients were associated with higher ED costs and a higher frequency of extended LOS. The 70+ age group was associated with higher inpatient admission. Frail patients were associated with significantly increased likelihood of inpatient admission, higher likelihood of extended LOS and higher total combined ED cost. Falls and being struck were associated with shorter LOS. CONCLUSION This study describes the most common demographic and clinical characteristics of OGIs that present to the ED, as well as the association of these characteristics with outcome measures such as inpatient admission rates, LOS, and total cost. The study further identified potential high-risk patients for prolonged length of stay. The findings will better optimize patient care protocols to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Tram
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Lions Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany (Slingerlands), New York, USA
| | - Siri P Yalamanchili
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Lions Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany (Slingerlands), New York, USA
| | - Ashar Ata
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Denis R Pauze
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Edward J Wladis
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Lions Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany (Slingerlands), New York, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.
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Gao X, Zhang Q, Wang F, Li X, Ma C, Li Y, Zhao X, Zhang H. Wound size and location affect the prognosis of penetrating ocular injury. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:257. [PMID: 37286942 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular trauma is a leading cause of vision loss. Penetrating ocular injury is a major type of open globe injury(OGI), while its epidemiology and clinical characteristics are still uncertain. The aim of this study is to reveal the prevalence and prognostic factors of penetrating ocular injury in the Shandong province. METHODS A retrospective study of penetrating ocular injury was performed at the Second Hospital of Shandong University, from January 2010 to December 2019. Demographic information, injury causes, ocular trauma types, and initial and final visual acuity(VA) were analyzed. To obtain more precise characteristics of penetrating injury, the eye global was divided into three zones and analyzed. RESULTS Among 210 OGI, there are 83 penetrating injuries which account for 39.5% of all. In addition, the final VA of 59 penetrating injuries recovered to 0.1 or better, which possesses the highest frequency among OGI. In order to research the relationship between the wound location and the final VA, we took 74 cases of penetrating injuries without retina or optic nerve damage for analysis. Results show that 62 were male and 12 were female. The average age was 36.01 ± 14.15. The most frequent occupation is the worker followed by the peasant. Statistics show that there is an obvious deviation in the Ocular trauma score (OTS) predicting the final VA and the actual final VA in the 45-65 score group (p < 0.05). Results suggest that the commonest penetrating injury zone is zone III (32 cases, 43.8%). Zone III, which is farthest from the center of the visual axis, has the largest improvement of the final VA (p = 0.0001). On the contrary, there is no statistical difference in the visual improvement in zone I and zone I + II that involves the injury of the central visual axis. CONCLUSION This study describes the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized for penetrating ocular injury without retina damage in Shandong province. It can be concluded that larger size and closer location to the visual axis of damage are accompanied by worse prognosis improvement. The study provides a better understanding of the disease and enlightenment for the prediction of visual prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Qiuqiu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Shandong, Zaozhuang, 27710, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Weifang Medical University, Shandong, 261000, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Yixiao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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Halawa OA, Friedman DS, Roldan AM, Zebardast N. Changing trends in ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:295-298. [PMID: 34417186 PMCID: PMC8384491 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a decline in emergency department (ED) presentations for trauma. The purpose of this study is to compare the estimated number and characteristics of eye injuries in 2020, the year of the COVID-19 pandemic, to those in 2011-2019. METHODS A stratified probability sample of US ED-treated eye injuries was used to calculate the estimated annual number and incidence of these injuries in 2020, the year of the pandemic, and 2011-2019 (prepandemic years). Two-sample t-tests and Pearson χ2 were used to assess differences in demographics and injury characteristics. For multiple comparisons, Bonferroni correction was applied. RESULTS The estimated number of ED-treated eye injuries per year was 152 957 (95% CI 132 637 to 176 153) in 2020 and 194 142 (95% CI 191 566 to 196 401) in 2011-2019. The annual incidence of ED-treated eye injuries was lower in 2020, at 46 per 100 000 population than in 2011-2019, at 62 per 100 000 per year (p<0.001). In 2020 vs 2011-2019, there was a higher incidence of ruptured globes (0.5 per 100 000 vs 0.3 per 100 000 per year, p<0.001), hyphemas (0.6 per 100 000 vs 0.4 per 100 000 per year, p<0.001), lacerations (1.0 per 100 000 in 2020 vs 0.8 per 100 000 per year, p<0.001) and orbital fractures (0.3 per 100 000 vs 0.03). CONCLUSION The estimated incidence of eye injuries presenting to the ED was significantly lower in 2020 than in 2011-2019, but there was a higher estimated incidence of severe eye injuries. Changes in living and work environments due to the COVID-19 pandemic were likely associated with the differences in ocular trauma presentations observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Halawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David S Friedman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana M Roldan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nazlee Zebardast
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Cade KL, Taneja K, Jensen A, Rajaii F. Incidence, Characteristics, and Cost of Eyelid Lacerations in the United States from 2006 to 2014. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:263-279. [PMID: 36342648 PMCID: PMC9834453 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To report the incidence, demographics, and cost of eyelid lacerations (ELs) in the USA. METHODS The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample is the largest publicly available emergency department database in the US. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis to identify all emergency department (ED) visits in the sample from 2006 to 2014 with a primary or secondary diagnosis of EL. Descriptive statistics were calculated for hospital characteristics, patient demographics, and inflation-adjusted patient ED and in-patient (IP) charges. RESULTS The incidence of primary and total ELs from 2006 to 2014 decreased by 50 per million and 7.1 per million, respectively. In the same period, the total ED and average ED charge, corrected for inflation, increased by almost $37 million and $1600 per person, respectively. Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) were the mechanism of injury (MOI) associated with the highest average ED and IP costs at $5391 and $42,677, respectively. However, object- (42.2%) and fall-related (28.8%) were the most reported MOI overall. Peak months of EL presentations were seen in May and July, and > 90% of primary ELs were classified as periocular. Most ELs occurred in men and children, representing 69% and 44% of all primary EL cases, respectively. CONCLUSION The incidence of ELs declined from 2006 to 2014. ELs occurred most frequently in children and young adults. The high proportion of object and fall-related injuries in this population highlights an area to develop strategies to reduce the frequency of preventable eye injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keale L. Cade
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kamil Taneja
- Renaissance School of Medicine, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA ,Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Maumenee 505, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Adrianna Jensen
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Maumenee 505, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Fatemeh Rajaii
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Maumenee 505, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
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12
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Huang J, Rossen J, Rahmani B, Mets-Halgrimson R. Pediatric Eyelid and Canalicular Lacerations: Epidemiology and Outcomes. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2023; 60:33-38. [PMID: 35446197 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20220321-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the epidemiology of eyelid lacerations, identify risk factors for canalicular involvement, and describe postoperative complications following laceration repair. METHODS All patients undergoing eyelid laceration repair at a tertiary care, level I trauma center children's hospital from November 2010 to April 2021 were identified by a Current Procedural Terminology code search. Patient characteristics, surgical characteristics, and surgical outcomes were collected via chart review. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for canalicular involvement and postoperative complication. RESULTS A total of 165 patients were identified, of whom 136 had at least 1 week of follow-up and were further assessed for postoperative complications. The most common mechanisms of injury were dog bites (62, 38%), falls (33, 20%), and being struck by an object (22, 13%). Eyelid margin involvement was present in 108 patients (65%) and canalicular involvement in 77 patients (47%). Risk factors for canalicular involvement were hook-related injury, eyelid margin involvement, and lower eyelid injury. Thirty-three patients (24%) had postoperative complications, most commonly ptosis (7, 5%), premature stent loss (7, 5%), and eyelid margin notching (6, 4%). There was no association between postoperative complication and antibiotic use, delayed repair, or wound class. CONCLUSIONS Hook-related injury, eyelid margin involvement, and lower eyelid injury are risk factors for canalicular involvement. Postoperative complications of eyelid lacerations are generally minor and are not associated with perioperative factors. Close postoperative follow-up is needed to monitor for complication development. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2023;60(1):33-38.].
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Patel A, Berkowitz S, Sridhar J, Durrani A, Patel S. Trends in Workplace-Related Eye Injuries in the United States From 2011 Through 2020. JOURNAL OF VITREORETINAL DISEASES 2023; 7:49-56. [PMID: 37008400 PMCID: PMC9954152 DOI: 10.1177/24741264221117418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To provide insight into the current scope of workplace-related eye injuries (WREIs) by describing the demographic profiles and causes of WREIs from the years 2011 through 2020. Methods The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) dataset on WREIs injuries was used. Descriptive data generated included the frequency of eye injuries, the setting, and demographic data. Results The BLS reported an estimated 237 590 WREIs in the study timeframe. In that time, the incidence fell from 2.4 to 1.7 per 10 000 workers. These injuries commonly occurred in men (77.1%), White individuals (36.3%), those aged 25 to 34 years (26.9%), and those in the service (23.0%) and production (18.5%) industries. On average, WREIs resulted in a median of 2 missed workdays, with only 5.0% missing more than 1 month of work. Between 2019 and 2020, there was a 15.6% reduction in total WREIs in the US but a 39.3% increase in WREIs among healthcare workers. Conclusions Men, White individuals, and younger workers might be at increased risk for WREIs. Public health interventions targeted toward improving access to and the quality of protective equipment in these groups and in fields involved in the primary or secondary sectors of industry and healthcare might be the most cost-effective measure to reduce the impact of WREIs on the US workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Patel
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences
Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sean Berkowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jayanth Sridhar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom
Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alia Durrani
- The Retina Institute of St Louis, St
Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shriji Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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14
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Reynolds ME, Gu W. Trend of Incidence of Ocular Injury in Service Members of the U.S. Armed Forces in 2016–2019. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2022:1-7. [DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2022.2129697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Reynolds
- Vision Center of Excellence, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Maryland, USA
| | - Weidong Gu
- Vision Center of Excellence, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Maryland, USA
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15
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De Silva I, Thomas MG, Shirodkar AL, Kuht HJ, Ku JY, Chaturvedi R, Beer F, Patel R, Rana-Rahman R, Anderson S, Dickerson P, Walsh F, While B, Clarke L, Siriwardena D, Dhawahir-Scala F, Buchan J, Verma S. Patterns of attendances to the hospital emergency eye care service: a multicentre study in England. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36:2304-2311. [PMID: 34845355 PMCID: PMC8629695 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To characterise the patterns of presentation and diagnostic frequencies in Hospital Emergency Eye Care Services (HEECS) across 13 hospitals in England. METHODS Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational multi-centre (n = 13) study to assess HEECS attendances over a 28-day study period. Data derived included: number of consecutive attendances, patient demographics and diagnoses. Age and gender variations, the impact of day of the week on attendance patterns, diagnostic frequencies and estimates of the annual incidence and attendance rates were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 17,667 patient (mean ± standard deviation age = 49.6 ± 21.8 years) attendances were identified with an estimated HEECS annual new attendance rate of 31.0 per 1,000 population. Significantly more females (53%) than males (47%) attended HEECS (p < 0.001). Female attendances were 13% higher in those ≥50 years of age. Weekends were associated with a significant reduction in attendances compared to weekdays (χ2 = 6.94, p < 0.001). Among weekdays, Mondays and Fridays were associated with significantly higher attendances compared with midweek (χ2 = 2.20, p = 0.032). Presenting pathologies involving the external eye, cornea and conjunctiva accounted for 28.6% of the caseload. CONCLUSION This is the largest multicentre study assessing attendance patterns in HEECS in England. We have, for the first time, observed a "weekend effect" in relation to attendance to HEECS. Differences in health-seeking behaviour and lack of awareness of HEECS weekend services may be partly attributed to the differences observed. Our findings, along with the type of presentations, have the potential to guide commissioners with future planning of HEECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian De Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK.
| | - Mervyn G Thomas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, PO Box 65, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Amy-Lee Shirodkar
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Helen J Kuht
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, PO Box 65, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Jae Yee Ku
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Ritu Chaturvedi
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Freddy Beer
- Ophthalmology Department, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Road, Portsmouth, PO6 3LY, UK
| | - Radhika Patel
- The Victoria Eye Unit, The County Hospital, Union Walk, Hereford, HR1 2ER, UK
| | - Romeela Rana-Rahman
- Eye Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Sarah Anderson
- Department of Ophthalmology, York Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Wigginton Road, York, YO31 8HE, UK
| | - Polly Dickerson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scarborough Hospital, Woodlands Drive, Scarborough, YO12 6QL, UK
| | - Francine Walsh
- Ophthalmology Department, Royal Bolton Hospital, Minerva Road, Bolton, BL4 0JR, UK
| | - Ben While
- The Victoria Eye Unit, The County Hospital, Union Walk, Hereford, HR1 2ER, UK
| | - Lucy Clarke
- Eye Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Dilani Siriwardena
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | | | - John Buchan
- International Centre for Eye Health, Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The Leeds Centre for Ophthalmology, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Seema Verma
- Eye Department, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
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16
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Go CC, Chien L, Lahaie Luna GM, Briceño CA. Epidemiology of Product-Related Ocular Injuries in the United States From 2001 to 2020. J Emerg Med 2022; 63:489-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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17
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Douglas VP, Douglas KAA, Wai KM, Wang X, Begaj T, Lu Y, Armstrong GW. Video-based surgical curriculum for open-globe injury repair, I: open-globe injury. Digit J Ophthalmol 2022; 28:38-42. [PMID: 36405446 PMCID: PMC9635763 DOI: 10.5693/djo.01.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Paraskevi Douglas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;,Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Konstantinos A. A. Douglas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;,Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen M. Wai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;,Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xueyang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;,Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Tedi Begaj
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;,Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yifan Lu
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts;,Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Grayson W. Armstrong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;,Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts;,Correspondence: Grayson W. Armstrong, MD, MPH, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA ()
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18
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Marco C, Statt C, Bashir K, Repas SJ. Acute trauma: Seasonal and daily variations in injury patterns. Am J Emerg Med 2022; 61:230-232. [PMID: 35909064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Marco
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Penn State Health - Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America.
| | - Carin Statt
- Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States of America
| | - Kiren Bashir
- Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States of America
| | - Steven J Repas
- Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States of America
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19
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Stuart KV, Dold C, Van der Westhuizen DP, De Vasconcelos S. The epidemiology of ocular trauma in the Northern Cape, South Africa. AFRICAN VISION AND EYE HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v81i1.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ocular trauma represents a significant public health burden and has considerable global epidemiological variation. The epidemiology of ocular trauma in the Northern Cape province of South Africa has not been previously described.Aim: This study aimed to quantify the burden and describe the distribution and determinants of ocular trauma in the Northern Cape province.Setting: The Northern Cape province is the largest, but least populous, of the nine South African provinces. Published data on the health of the Northern Cape population are scarce. Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe Hospital (RMSH) is the only public ophthalmic referral centre in the province.Methods: Hospital record review of all adult cases of acute ocular trauma seen at RMSH over a period of one year (August 2018 – July 2019).Results: Young men comprised the majority of the 240 included cases. Ocular injuries were most likely to occur in the home (n = 115, 47.9%) and on the weekend (n = 159, 66.3%). More than half (n = 135, 56.3%) of all trauma was non-accidental in nature and significantly associated with alcohol use. Accidental trauma (n = 105, 43.8%), predominantly as a result of occupational injuries sustained at work (n = 47, 44.8%) and in the home (n = 45, 42.9%), was deemed largely preventable. Differences in the timing, location and severity of non-accidental and accidental ocular injuries were observed.Conclusion: Ocular trauma in South Africa follows distinct epidemiological trends and is largely because of interpersonal violence, which places strain on limited state healthcare resources.
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20
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Open Globe Injuries. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-022-00317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Miller SC, Fliotsos MJ, Justin GA, Yonekawa Y, Chen A, Hoskin AK, Blanch RJ, Cavuoto K, Meeralakshmi P, Low R, Gardiner M, Liu TYA, Agrawal R, Woreta FA, The International Globe And Adnexal Trauma Epidemiology Study Igates. Global Current Practice Patterns for the Management of Open Globe Injuries. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 234:259-273. [PMID: 34416182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine global current practice patterns for the management of open globe injuries and identify areas of variation. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS An online survey assessed global management paradigms for open globe injuries from August 2020 to January 2021. Responses were collected from experts at eye trauma centers and emergency departments worldwide who manage ≥1 open globe injury per month. The survey assessed the use/selection of antibiotics and steroids, procedural and imaging decisions, and admission practices for open globe injuries. RESULTS Responses were received from representatives of 36 of 42 institutions (85.7%), of which 33 (78.6%) had sufficient trauma volume to be included. Included responses were distributed across North America (n=12, 36.4%), Asia (n=12, 36.4%), South America (n=4, 12.1%), Africa (n=3, 9.1%), Europe (n=1, 3.0%), and Australia (n=1, 3.0%). Preoperative systemic antibiotics for open globe injuries were administered by 75.8% (n = 25/33) of institutions, while 30.3% (n = 10/33) administered preoperative topical antibiotics. Intraoperative ophthalmic antibiotics for open globe injuries were used by 54.5% (n = 18/33) of experts. Most institutions also administered postoperative systemic antibiotics (n = 23 [69.7%]) and topical steroids (n = 29 [87.9%]), although specific medication choices diverged. At 19 responding centers (61.3% of the 31 that had trainees), residents participated in surgical repairs. Many institutions discharged patients after repair, but 54.5% (n = 18/33) of locations routinely admitted them for observation. CONCLUSIONS Preferred management practices for open globe injuries vary widely. To ensure the highest standard of care for all patients, evidence-based international guidelines for the treatment of these injuries are needed.
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Yu H, Xu M, Zhao Y, Li J, Wu W, Feng Y. COVID-19 Changed Prevalence, Disease Spectrum and Management Strategies of Ocular Trauma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:774493. [PMID: 35083239 PMCID: PMC8784966 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.774493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the health of people around the world and has reshaped social behaviors and clinical practice. The purpose of this perspective is to provide epidemiologists and clinicians with information about how the spectrum of ocular trauma diseases changed, as well as to optimize management for improving patient prognosis during this crisis. Analysis of current studies revealed that the prevalence of eye trauma decreased overall, with a trend of delayed medical treatment during the COVID-19 era. Irregular epidemic prevention and control measures, unprotected home activities, and unusual mental states are the main causes of ocular trauma. Strategies for reducing morbidity are also discussed, including popularizing the use norms of prevention and control supplies, taking heed to the safety of family activities, highlighting the special status of child protection, and paying attention to previous case data to implement region-specific precautions. The procedure of ophthalmological emergency and outpatient management should also be optimized, and mental health should be emphasized during this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Institute of Medical Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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23
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Belmonte-Grau M, Garrido-Ceca G, Marticorena-Álvarez P. Ocular trauma in an urban Spanish population: epidemiology and visual outcome. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1327-1333. [PMID: 34540607 PMCID: PMC8403857 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.09.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe epidemiological aspects, clinical findings, and visual results in eye trauma patients requiring urgent surgery at a tertiary hospital. METHODS Retrospective review of adult patients requiring urgent surgery for trauma to the eyeball from January 2010 and April 2020. Data was collected relative to age, gender, mechanism of the injury, type of wound, initial and final visual acuity, number and type of surgeries carried out. Injuries were classed according to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT) and the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) categories. RESULTS The survey included 92 eyes. Mean age was 54.76±22.18y. The most frequent cause was domestic accidents (44.6%), followed by aggression (22.80%) and occupational accidents (17.4%). Trauma from aggression was more frequent in men (P=0.006) and accidents in the home more common in women (P=0.011). Patients over 65y presented an odds ratio (OR) of 10.71 for suffering a domestic accident. Patients between 15-45 and 46-65y were at higher risk of trauma from aggression (OR=17.52 and OR=10.94, respectively). As for the type of injury, 63.04% were open-globe lesions, Zone II being the most frequently affected (27.2%). In Logistic regression analysis, old age (P=0.05) and retinal involvement (P=0.001) were found to be associated with higher rate of unfavourable visual outcome. CONCLUSION The epidemiological aspects of eye trauma are highly dependent on the area of population studied. Domestic accidents are more relevant than workplace accidents in older urban areas with high socio-economic status. A better knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics is useful for implementing specific prevention measures and appropriate treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Belmonte-Grau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Garrido-Ceca
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Medicine University, Madrid 28006, Spain
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Widjaja SA, Hiratsuka Y, Ono K, Yustiarini I, Nurwasis N, Murakami A. Ocular Trauma Trends in Indonesia: Poor Initial Uncorrected Visual Acuity Associated with Mechanism of Injury. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To identify ocular trauma trends and to analyze how initial uncorrected visual acuity (VA) is associated with mechanism of injury (MOI) in a referral hospital in Indonesia.
Methods: A five-year medical chart review at the Ophthalmology Emergency Department (OED) Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital (DSGAH). The information retrieved included sex, age, laterality involvement, initial uncorrected VA, MOI and management. Sex- and age- adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the relationship between poor initial uncorrected VA and MOI, using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: A total of 953 patients consisted of 80.3% males and 19.9% females. Ocular trauma predominantly occurred in 21–30 years age group (20.9%). May and November were found to have the highest average number of monthly patients. Closed globe injuries (80.3%) were more prevalent than open globe injuries (17.7%). The most frequent MOIs were sharp objects (311; 32.6%), followed by blunt objects (236; 24.8%). Most cases (89.2%) displayed unilateral involvement and 54.3% cases showed an initial uncorrected VA of better than 6/18. Compared to road dust, blunt object, sharp object and traffic accident were significantly associated with poor initial VA, with adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of 5.24 (2.27-12.10), 4.03 (1.76-9.25) and 8.17 (3.31-20.15), respectively.
Conclusions: Initial uncorrected VA and MOI provide earlier information regarding the prognosis. Traffic accident showed a greater tendency to cause a poor initial uncorrected VA. Most ocular trauma is preventable by educating people at risk to avoid common MOIs and to use protection.
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25
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Scanzera AC, Dunbar G, Shah V, Cortina MS, Leiderman YI, Shorter E. Visual Rehabilitation With Contact Lenses Following Open Globe Trauma. Eye Contact Lens 2021; 47:288-291. [PMID: 33181528 PMCID: PMC8272942 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe visual outcomes with various contact lens modalities in patients with a history of ocular trauma who underwent surgical open globe repair. METHODS Records of all patients with a history of open globe injury and repair at a tertiary care hospital between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016, were reviewed. Demographics, type of injury, and visual acuity were assessed before and after contact lens evaluation. RESULTS Of 214 patients who underwent open globe repair, 29 (13.6%) were evaluated with a contact lens. Visual acuity improved in 97% (28 of 29) of patients from 1.47±0.75 to 0.67±0.71 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) with manifest refraction to 0.28±0.45 logMAR with contact lenses (n=29; P<0.0001). Corneal opacity was the most common clinical indication (20 of 29) for fitting followed by aphakia (13 of 29). A range of contact lens modalities, including corneal rigid gas-permeable (12 of 28), soft (9 of 28), hybrid (3 of 28), scleral gas-permeable (2 of 28), and piggyback (2 of 28) lenses were prescribed. CONCLUSION In this study, patients with a history of trauma and open globe repair with good neurosensory visual potential had improvements in visual acuity with contact lens greater than manifest refraction. Soft and gas-permeable lenses were used to improve visual acuity in patients with a history of open globe repair and corneal scarring, aphakia, iris abnormalities, or other ocular sequelae. Although corneal rigid gas-permeable lenses were prescribed most often, additional consideration should be given to other contact lens modalities, including soft, piggyback, hybrid, and scleral gas-permeable lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica C Scanzera
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (A.C.S., G.D., V.S., M.S.C., Y.L., E.S.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.S.), School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Currently Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (G.D.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and Dr. Gary Gold & Associates (V.S.), Sunnyvale, CA
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26
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Justus S, Pomerantz A, Tom LM, Yuan A, Armstrong GW. Open-globe injury caused by barbed fish hook repaired using the back-out method: a report of two cases. Digit J Ophthalmol 2021; 27:17-21. [PMID: 33907533 DOI: 10.5693/djo.02.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fish hook open-globe injuries (OGIs) are challenging to repair surgically because of the backward-projecting barb near the hook's point that prevents withdrawal of the hook. The most commonly reported ophthalmic surgical technique for removal of barbed hooks is advance-and-cut, wherein the fish hook is pushed through an iatrogenic wound to the exterior of the globe, the barb is cut off, and the shank is backed out of the entry wound. We report 2 cases of zone I OGIs with retained fish hooks successfully repaired using the back-out technique. This strategy involves enlarging the entry wound to allow the entire hook and barb to be backed out, decreasing iatrogenic injuries and eliminating the need for wire cutters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa M Tom
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Yuan
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
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27
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Ramsay C, Murchison AP, Bilyk JR. Pediatric Eye Emergency Department Visits: Retrospective Review and Evaluation. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2021; 58:84-92. [PMID: 34038266 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20201118-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the epidemiology of pediatric ocular conditions presenting to an ophthalmic emergency department and analyze the incidence of ocular trauma and other ophthalmic diagnoses. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of all patients seen in an urban eye emergency department over a 1-year period. The following variables were examined: visit date, demographics, diagnosis, mechanism of injury, and level of patient care. RESULTS Analysis was performed on 1,136 pediatric visits spanning 1 year. Trauma was the most common etiology, seen in 44.4% of patients, followed by infection in 19.3%. The largest volume of pediatric use was in the spring and early summer, with the peak of trauma in the spring. Most admissions of pediatric patients were due to trauma (76.4%), of which the most common diagnoses were ruptured globe (27.3%), eyelid laceration (18.2%), and orbital fracture (10.9%). Sporting activities were the most frequent broad cause of trauma seen in pediatric patients, accounting for 30.9% of all trauma, whereas the highest singular cause of trauma was injury by air guns (9.5%). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric ophthalmic emergency department visits in this urban setting are most often due to trauma, with increased use in the spring and early summer. A majority of the more serious conditions leading to admission can be attributed to trauma, which is often preventable. Knowledge of patterns of visits could improve planning of ophthalmology physician coverage. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2021;58(2):84-92.].
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Siddiqui N, Chen EM, Parikh R, Douglas VP, Douglas KA, Feng PW, Armstrong GW. Epidemiology of United States Inpatient Open Globe Injuries from 2009-2015. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 28:469-478. [PMID: 33522349 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1875008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the epidemiology of inpatient open globe injuries (OGI) in the United States (US). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with a primary diagnosis of OGI in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2009 to 2015. Sociodemographic characteristics, including age, gender, race, ethnicity, insurance, and income were stratified for comparison. Annual prevalence rates were calculated using 2010 US Census data. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests, ANCOVA, and Tukey tests. RESULTS A total of 6,821 US inpatient hospital discharge records met inclusion/exclusion criteria. The estimated national prevalence of OGI during the 5-year period from 2009 to 2015 was 34,061 (95% confidence interval [CI] 31,445-36,677). The overall annual prevalence rate was 1.58 per 100,000 per year (CI 1.56-1.59). Overall, average annual prevalence rates were highest among patients 85 years or older (7.72, CI 6.95-8.49), on Medicare (3.92, CI 3.84-4.00), males (2.28, CI 2.25-2.30), African Americans (2.38, CI 2.32-2.44), and Native Americans (1.80, CI 1.62-2.00). OGI rates were lowest among Whites (1.21, CI 1.19-1.22), females (0.89, CI 0.87-0.91), those with private insurance (0.84, CI 0.82-0.86), and Asians (0.69, CI 0.64-0.74). Being in the lowest income quartile was a risk factor for OGI (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Inpatient OGIs disproportionately affected those over 85, young males, elderly females, patients of African-American descent, on Medicare, and in the lowest income quartile. Additionally, children and young children had lower rates of OGI compared to adolescents. Further studies should delineate causes for socioeconomic differences in OGI rates to guide future public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Siddiqui
- University of Illinois Hospital and Clinics, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Evan M Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ravi Parikh
- NYU Langone Health Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Manhattan Retina and Eye Consultants, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivian Paraskevi Douglas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Konstantinos Aa Douglas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paula W Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Grayson W Armstrong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Flitter BA, Fang X, Matthay MA, Gronert K. The potential of lipid mediator networks as ocular surface therapeutics and biomarkers. Ocul Surf 2021; 19:104-114. [PMID: 32360792 PMCID: PMC7606340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last twenty years an impressive body of evidence in diverse inflammatory animal disease models and human tissues, has established polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) derived specialized-pro-resolving mediators (SPM), as essential mediators for controlling acute inflammation, immune responses, wound healing and for resolving acute inflammation in many non-ocular tissues. SPM pathways and receptors are highly expressed in the ocular surface where they regulate wound healing, nerve regeneration, innate immunity and sex-specific regulation of auto-immune responses. Recent evidence indicates that in the eye these resident SPM networks are important for maintaining ocular surface health and immune homeostasis. Here, we will review and discuss evidence for SPMs and other PUFA-derived mediators as important endogenous regulators, biomarkers for ocular surface health and disease and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becca A Flitter
- School of Optometry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karsten Gronert
- School of Optometry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Infectious Diseases and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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Mir TA, Canner JK, Zafar S, Srikumaran D, Friedman DS, Woreta FA. Characteristics of Open Globe Injuries in the United States From 2006 to 2014. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020; 138:268-275. [PMID: 31971539 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.5823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Importance Open globe injuries can lead to substantial visual morbidity and lifelong sequelae. Interventions to reduce the burden of open globe injuries in the United States require a better understanding of these injuries through well-designed epidemiologic investigations. Objective To examine the incidence, common injury mechanisms, and economic burden of open globe injuries in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, cross-sectional study of US nationwide emergency department (ED) data assessed all ED visits of patients with a primary diagnosis of open globe injury in the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2014. Data analysis was performed from August 29, 2018, to November 11, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Annual incidence of open globe injuries by age, sex, mechanism of injury, and concomitant diagnosis, as well as median charges associated with open globe injuries and variables associated with hospitalization. Results A total of 124 989 ED visits for open globe injuries were assessed, with an incidence of 4.49 per 100 000 population in the United States from 2006 to 2014 (mean [SD] age of study participants, 37.7 [22.5] years; 94 078 [75.3%] male). The incidence was highest in 2006 (5.88 per 100 000 population) and decreased by 0.3% per month between 2006 and 2014 (incidence rate ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99-0.99; P < .001). Open globe injuries occurred in 37 060 individuals (30.6%) of low socioeconomic status. The most common injury mechanism was being struck by or against an object or person (40 119 of all 124 989 injury mechanisms [32.1%]). Open globe injuries associated with falls increased 6.6% between 2006-2010 and 2011-2015 (95% CI, 1.04-1.08; P < .001) and were the most common injury mechanism in individuals older than 70 years. The total cost associated with open globe injuries was $793 million. The cost of ED visits increased from $865 during 2006-2010 to $1557 during 2011-2015. Inpatient costs similarly increased from $21 527 during 2006-2010 to $30 243 during 2011-2015. Conclusions and Relevance The incidence of open globe injuries in the United States decreased from 2006 to 2014. Although the data are from 5 to 13 years ago, these findings appear to provide valuable information for targeting preventive measures toward individuals at highest risk; targeting young men with lower socioeconomic status and individuals 70 years or older at an increased risk of falls may help lower the incidence of open globe injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahreem A Mir
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown
| | - Joseph K Canner
- Johns Hopkins Surgery Center for Outcomes Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sidra Zafar
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Divya Srikumaran
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David S Friedman
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fasika A Woreta
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to report characteristics of patients presenting with serious ocular injuries during the COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. RECENT FINDINGS Of 1058 patients presenting for emergency evaluation during the stay-at-home order, 62 (5.9%) patients [mean (SD) age, 41.1 (19.2) years; 19 (31%) women; 31 (50%) white] presented with severe ocular trauma. The daily mean (SD) number of patients who presented for emergency evaluation decreased from 49.0 (9) to 36.4 (6) during the quarantine (P < 0.001). Patients presenting during the stay-at-home order were less likely to have health insurance [odds ratio (OR), 0.33; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.13-0.90, P = 0.024], more likely to have a delayed presentation (difference, 22.7 h, 95% CI, 5.8-39.5, P < 0.001, more likely to travel farther to seek emergency care (difference, 10.4 miles, 95% CI, 2.6-18.2, P < 0.001) and more likely to have an injury occur at home (OR, 22.8; 95% CI, 9.6-54.2, P < 0.001). Of injuries occurring at home, there was a significant increase in injuries arising from home improvement projects during the stay-at-home order (28 vs. 0%, P = 0.02). SUMMARY During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with ocular trauma were more likely to have injuries sustained at home and have additional barriers to care. These changes underscore a need for targeted interventions to optimize emergent eye care during a pandemic.
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Lee JS, Chen WM, Huang LH, Chung CC, Yu KH, Kuo CF, See LC. Epidemiology of outpatient and inpatient eye injury in Taiwan: 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235208. [PMID: 32609736 PMCID: PMC7329064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To estimate the incidence rate of eye injuries (EI) requiring inpatient and outpatient treatment in Taiwan and compare the epidemiologic characteristics of EI (age, sex, treatment setting, seasonality, occupation, external cause, diagnosis, and surgery) in the years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Methods We analyzed four random samples of 1,000,000 beneficiaries each from 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Program. The direct age-standardized rate, with 95% confidence interval (CI), was used to compare EI rates for the four calendar years. The chi-square test and chi-square test for trend were used to compare data for the four calendar years. Results Annual EI incidence rates were between 2.57% in 2000 and 3.28% in 2015. The age-standardized rates were 2.73% (95% CI, 2.70%–2.76%) in 2000, 3.37% (95% CI, 3.33%–3.41%) in 2005, 3.31% (95% CI, 3.28%–3.35%) in 2010, and 3.02% (95% CI, 2.99%–3.06%) in 2015. Manual workers had the highest EI incidence rate, followed by non-manual workers and civil servants. The proportion of EI requiring inpatient treatment declined from 1.34% in 2000 to 0.63% in 2015 (P <0.0001). Analysis of seasonality showed a consistent decrease in February in the four sampling years; however, this decrease in EI was only seen in outpatients, not in EI requiring hospitalization. The proportion of outpatients requiring surgery significantly decreased, from 2.53% in 2000 to 1.2% in 2015 (P<0.0001). However, the proportion of inpatients requiring surgery for EI as the principal diagnosis increased from 69.32% in 2000 to 83.02% in 2015 (P = 0.29), and the proportion of inpatients requiring surgery for EI as a secondary diagnosis increased from 54.86% in 2000 to 71.6% in 2015 (P = 0.0019). Among inpatients with EI, the most common cause of EI was a traffic accident (44.79%, especially motorcycles), followed by falls (9.75%) and homicide (6.05%). Conclusion In Taiwan, the annual EI incidence rate slightly increased from 2000 to 2005 and then decreased through 2015. The proportion of EI patients requiring hospitalization decreased from 1.34% in 2000 to 0.63% in 2015, but the percentage of inpatients requiring surgery increased. Traffic accidents (especially those involving motorcyclists) remained the predominant external cause of EI requiring hospitalization during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahn-Shing Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chung
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hui Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Kuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lai-Chu See
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Core Laboratory, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Incidence and seasonality of major ocular trauma: a nationwide population-based study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10020. [PMID: 32572124 PMCID: PMC7308360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed this study to identify the epidemiological characteristics and trends of various types of ocular trauma in the population of the Republic of Korea. We conducted a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study using the Korean National Health Insurance claims database for January 2010 to December 2018. We compiled the monthly numbers of patients diagnosed with hyphema and those who received open reduction surgery due to orbital blowout fracture (BOF), primary closure of the cornea or sclera (PCCS), or intraocular foreign body (IOFB) removal. We obtained annual and monthly incidence rates, and differences according to age, sex, yearly trends, and seasonal variations. The incidence rate (per 100,000 person-years) was high in the order of hyphema (18.43), BOF (11.58), PCCS (1.99) and IOFB removal (0.39). Male predominance was evident in all types of major ocular trauma, but the age distribution varied with the type: hyphemas were most prevalent at 10–14 years of age, BOFs at 25–29 years of age, and open globe injuries (OGIs) at age 60 and older. Although all types of trauma showed significant seasonality, hyphemas (amplitude: 174.81) and BOFs (23.17) showed higher amplitudes compared to OGIs (PCCS: 11.96; IOFB removal: 6.72). While the incidence of blunt trauma injuries, including hyphemas and orbital BOFs, decreased steadily from 2010 to 2018, that of OGIs showed no remarkable change.
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Toh ZH, Agrawal S, Raje D, Hoskin A, Agrawal R, Khandelwal R. International globe and adnexal trauma epidemiology study (IGATES): a report from Central India on visual outcome in open globe injuries and correlation with ocular trauma score. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:2797-2806. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Frick KD, Singman EL. Cost of Military Eye Injury and Vision Impairment Related to Traumatic Brain Injury: 2001-2017. Mil Med 2020; 184:e338-e343. [PMID: 30690455 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Annual incidence of eye injury among members of the US armed services is high and can cause vision impairment and blindness. Traumatic brain injury is also associated with visual function. An estimate of the cost of treatment, benefits for those who are disabled, productivity loss for those with reduced vision function, and the cost of replacing and retraining others to take the responsibility of those who are discharged from the military will provide a benchmark to which to compare the cost of new methods to prevent, diagnose, mitigate, treat, and rehabilitate vision loss after injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS The modeling exercise used a combination of data from military websites, results previously published in the literature, and from other government websites. Data were combined to estimate the number of superficial injuries, the number of injuries with a high risk of blindness, the cost of medical care, the cost of disability benefits, and the cost of potential lost productivity. RESULTS Over the time period in question, the average annual incidence of eye injury was 15,681 with 304 hospitalized and 298 at high risk of blindness. There were 4,394 annual TBI cases without injury to the eye but with visual impairment. The total cost of treatment, benefits, and potential lost productivity is $2.4 billion annually; $1.9 billion is associated with TBI. $11.7 million is associated with replacing and retraining members of the military. CONCLUSIONS The cost of eye injury and vision dysfunction in the military is substantial. The cost of potential productivity loss associated with TBI makes up the largest proportion of total costs. Developing new standards to enhance eye safety and limit TBI could be cost-effective. Cost analyses such as this study should prove helpful in determining the economic return on investments to prevent, mitigate, treat, and rehabilitate visual system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Frick
- Johns Hopkins Carey Business School, 100 International Drive, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eric L Singman
- Wilmer General Eye Services, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Wilmer B-29, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD
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Pathophysiology and management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension related to trauma. Surv Ophthalmol 2020; 65:530-547. [PMID: 32057763 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ocular trauma is a significant cause of blindness worldwide, particularly if associated with glaucoma. Direct damage from blunt or penetrating trauma, bleeding, inflammation, lens-related problems, orbital and brain vascular pathologies related to trauma, and chemical injuries may increase intraocular pressure and lead to traumatic glaucoma. Treatment may be as simple as eliminating the underlying cause in some conditions or management can be challenging, depending on the mechanism of damage. If proper management is not undertaken, visual outcomes can be poor. We discuss a broad spectrum of trauma-related mechanisms of intraocular pressure elevation, as well as their management.
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Case Report: Evaluating Intraocular Foreign Bodies After Corneal Perforation Using Swept Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography. Optom Vis Sci 2020; 97:101-103. [DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Zafar S, Canner JK, Mir T, Srikumaran D, Channa R, Goldberg MF, Thorne J, Woreta FA. Epidemiology of Hyphema-Related Emergency Department Visits in The United States Between 2006 and 2015. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2019; 26:208-215. [PMID: 30794001 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2019.1579917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Zafar
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA
| | - Joseph K. Canner
- , Johns Hopkins Surgery Center for Outcomes Research, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA
| | - Tahreem Mir
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA
| | | | - Roomasa Channa
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Thorne
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA
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