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Arqub SA, Nedjat-Haiem M, Einbinder M, Azami N, Kuo CL, Hariharan A, Uribe F. Characterizing orthodontic tooth movement in real time using dental monitoring scans: A pilot study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26 Suppl 1:82-91. [PMID: 37776068 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to quantify the magnitude and type of tooth movement occurring in short time intervals within the regular monthly orthodontic visits for patients with fixed appliances and undergoing maxillary canine retraction. Additionally, this pilot study aimed to provide a descriptive evaluation for the accuracy and reliability of the Dental Monitoring (DM)-captured scans to those of an iTero digital scans in an extraction space closure model. SETTINGS AND SAMPLE POPULATION 3D intraoral photographic scans (DM) for 12 patients with maxillary first premolar extractions in a single-centre academic institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve patients treated with fixed appliances and undergoing space closure for maxillary premolar extraction(s) were included. Nickel-titanium (200 g) closing coil springs were used for canine retraction. At initiation of space closure (T1), iTero scans were acquired, and patients were instructed to take DM scans every 4-5 days until their next visit in 4-5 weeks (T2). At T2, a final iTero scan in addition to a DM scan was taken. The number of patients who did the scans regularly as instructed declined as time elapsed. Stereolithography (STL) files generated from the DM scans were superimposed with the STL files from the iTero scans using GOM Inspect software to determine the accuracy of the DM 3D models. To assess rate, type and direction of tooth movement, each of the 3D image STL files generated from the DM scans, taken every 4-5 days by each patient, was superimposed on the previously captured scan. The rate of tooth movement for the maxillary molars and canines was calculated in the 3 planes of space (X, Y, Z) at each time point, until the end of the experiment. RESULTS Preliminary results indicated that the maxillary canines appeared to be displaced the greatest amount in the first 4-5 days with initial distolateral movement. As time elapsed, the rate of tooth movement decreased, and the tooth started moving distolingually. CONCLUSIONS Dental monitoring software provides a high-tech platform to monitor tooth movement in a 'real-time' approach. Accuracy of the photographic scans in relationship to the intraoral scans appears promising. There seems to be some evidence that the greatest amount of movement occurs initially in the first few days after activation, dropping thereafter to become a slower constant rate of tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abu Arqub
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Nedjat-Haiem
- Division of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Max Einbinder
- School of Dental medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Niloufar Azami
- Division of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Kuo
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amirtha Hariharan
- Division of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Flavio Uribe
- Division of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Zhang L, Guo R, Xu B, Wang Y, Li W. Three-dimensional evaluation of maxillary tooth movement in extraction patients with three different miniscrew anchorage systems: a randomized controlled trial. Prog Orthod 2022; 23:46. [PMID: 36529797 PMCID: PMC9760583 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the three-dimensional (3-D) movement of maxillary teeth in response to three common miniscrew anchorage systems in extraction patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study employed a randomized controlled single-blinded design with three arms. Thirty extraction patients who required maximum anchorage to retract maxillary anterior teeth were included and randomly allocated into three treatment groups: space closure with direct miniscrew anchorage and low crimpable hooks (DL group), indirect miniscrew anchorage and low crimpable hooks (IL group), and direct miniscrew anchorage and high crimpable hooks (DH group). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of all included patients were obtained immediately before (T0) and after (T1) space closure. The outcomes were 3-D positional changes of maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, second premolar, and first molar. The repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc LSD test was used to evaluate differences among groups. RESULTS A significant intrusion (- 1.34 mm; 95% CI, - 1.60 mm, 1.08 mm) and buccal (- 6.92°; 95% CI, - 8.67°, - 5.13°) and distal (4.90°; 95% CI, 3.75°, 6.04°) inclination of the maxillary first molars were observed in the DL group, compared to the other two groups. The mesial movement (- 0.40 mm; 95% CI, - 0.83 mm, - 0.03 mm) of the maxillary first molars was found in the IL group, while the DL (0.44 mm; 95% CI, 0.15 mm, 0.73 mm) and IL (0.62 mm; 95% CI, 0.28 mm, 0.96 mm) groups exhibited distal movement. In the DH group, the lingual inclination changes of maxillary central incisor (5.04°; 95% CI, 2.82°, 7.26°) were significantly lower, which is indicative of good lingual root torque control of the maxillary anterior teeth. CONCLUSION Three miniscrew anchorage systems produced significantly different 3-D maxillary tooth movement. The maxillary first molars were significantly buccally and distally inclined and intruded in patients using direct miniscrew anchorages with low crimpable hooks. Direct miniscrew anchorages with high crimpable hooks could help to achieve better lingual root torque control of the maxillary incisors. Trial registration The trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1900026960). Registered 27 October 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Department of Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runzhi Guo
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohua Xu
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Department of Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Department of Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiran Li
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
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Oueiss A, Camia J, Masucci C, Charavet C, Joseph C. Exploring the mylohyoid area as a reference for three-dimensional digital mandibular superimposition. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022; 123:672-676. [PMID: 35907610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the quantification of tooth movements should be obtained at different specific times and compared at different stages for every orthodontic treatment. These movements are generally measured on teleradiographs or casts. The use of Cone Beam Computed tomography (CBCT) for maxillary superimposition is clearly established in the literature, but not well defined for mandibular superimposition. This study aims to explore and evaluate the accuracy of the mylo-hyoid area as a reference for mandibular Digital Dental Cast (DDC) three-dimensional (3D) superimposition. MATERIALS AND METHODS the study compared mandibular 3D overlays with profile teleradiographs in 30 patients followed at Nice Saint Roch University Hospital. The molar and incisor coordinates on the 3D superimposition based on the mylo-hyoid area were compared to the ones on the 2D lateral cephalogram. Differences between the two methods of superimposition were assessed using paired t-tests. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was observed between the lateral cephalogram-based and mandibular DDC superimposition methods in 3D sagittal and vertical displacements of the lower first molars and central incisors. CONCLUSION The study showed the mylo-hyoid area to be an accurate superimposition landmark for the 3D evaluation of mandibular orthodontic tooth displacement. This method is also applicable for patients with conventional orthodontic treatment records. Other studies should be conducted on larger populations, subgroups (malocclusions, therapeutics) and on the use of an intra-oral camera.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oueiss
- Nice University Hospital, France; Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France; Department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, faculty of dentistry, Nice, France.
| | - J Camia
- Nice University Hospital, France; Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France; Department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, faculty of dentistry, Nice, France
| | - C Masucci
- Nice University Hospital, France; Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France; Department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, faculty of dentistry, Nice, France
| | - C Charavet
- Nice University Hospital, France; Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France; Department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, faculty of dentistry, Nice, France; UPR 7354 MICORALIS laboratory, Nice, France
| | - C Joseph
- Nice University Hospital, France; Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France; Department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, faculty of dentistry, Nice, France; Department of pediatric dentistry, faculty of dentistry, Nice, France; UPR 7354 MICORALIS laboratory, Nice, France
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Zhang L, Lin S, Chen J, Huang L, Huang Z, Li H. Risk factors for midcourse correction during treatment of first series of aligners with Invisalign. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:e96-e102. [PMID: 35753893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to analyze risk factors for midcourse correction (MC) during the first series of aligners in treatments with Invisalign (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif). METHODS Three hundred and fourteen patients treated with Invisalign were divided into MC and non-midcourse correction groups according to whether they completed the first series of aligners. Differences between these groups were compared with independent sample t tests, chi-square tests, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors, including gender, age, extraction treatment, interproximal reduction, correction steps (steps in first series treatment), overbite, overjet, the curve of Spee, Angle classification, and crowding. RESULTS The percentage of females (86.3%), Angle Class I malocclusion (62.4%), and nonextraction (56.1%) was relatively higher in all 314 patients. More than half of the patients (73.6%) completed the first series of aligners. Differences between the groups in the number of patients with extraction, correction steps, and the curve of Spee were significant (P <0.05). The proportions of MC were 41.3% and 14.8% in extraction and nonextraction patients, respectively. More initially planned correction steps were seen in the MC group (53.4 ± 15.6 steps). Extraction (adjusted odds ratio, 0.375; P = 0.001) and correction steps (adjusted odds ratio, 1.06; P <0.001) were independent risk factors for MC. CONCLUSIONS Extraction and the number of initially planned correction steps are independent risk factors for MC. In patients with complex dentofacial abnormalities, such as extraction, MC may be needed to achieve predicted changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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METİN GÜRSOY G, AKKAYA S. Preform ark tellerinin dental arklar üzerine etkilerinin 3D model analizi ile değerlendirilmesi. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA TURCICA 2021. [DOI: 10.17214/gaziaot.789600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Oadthurai Marusamy K, Khalid Abuarab R, Mahmood Bin Jahlan M, Waseem Qureshi L, Hamed Alahmadi R. A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of 3D Digital Models and Study Cast to Measure Anteroposterior Anchorage Loss in Patients Treated with Preadjusted Edgewise Appliance. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2020. [DOI: 10.18311/ajprhc/2020/25127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lee JY, Choi SK, Kwon TH, Kang KH, Kim SC. Three-dimensional analysis of tooth movement in Class II malocclusion treatment using arch wire with continuous tip-back bends and intermaxillary elastics. Korean J Orthod 2019; 49:349-359. [PMID: 31815103 PMCID: PMC6883213 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2019.49.6.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to analyze three-dimensional (3D) changes in maxillary dentition in Class II malocclusion treatment using arch wire with continuous tip-back bends or compensating curve, together with intermaxillary elastics by superimposing 3D virtual models. Methods The subjects were 20 patients (2 men and 18 women; mean age 20 years 7 months ± 3 years 9 months) with Class II malocclusion treated using 0.016 × 0.022-inch multiloop edgewise arch wire with continuous tip-back bends or titanium molybdenum alloy ideal arch wire with compensating curve, together with intermaxillary elastics. Linear and angular measurements were performed to investigate maxillary teeth displacement by superimposing pre- and post-treatment 3D virtual models using Rapidform 2006 and analyzing the results using paired t-tests. Results There were posterior displacement of maxillary teeth (p < 0.01) with distal crown tipping of canine, second premolar and first molar (p < 0.05), expansion of maxillary arch (p < 0.05) with buccoversion of second premolar and first molar (p < 0.01), and distal-in rotation of first molar (p < 0.01). Reduced angular difference between anterior and posterior occlusal planes (p < 0.001), with extrusion of anterior teeth (p < 0.05) and intrusion of second premolar and first molar (p < 0.001) was observed. Conclusions Class II treatment using an arch wire with continuous tip-back bends or a compensating curve, together with intermaxillary elastics, could retract and expand maxillary dentition, and reduce occlusal curvature. These results will help clinicians in understanding the mechanism of this Class II treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yea Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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Teng F, Du FY, Chen HZ, Jiang RP, Xu TM. Three-dimensional analysis of the physiologic drift of adjacent teeth following maxillary first premolar extractions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14549. [PMID: 31601925 PMCID: PMC6787091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the three-dimensional (3D) pattern of the physiologic drift of the remaining adjacent teeth after premolar extraction due to orthodontic reasons and the associated factors. Data were collected from 45 patients aged 17.04 ± 5.14 years who were scheduled to receive a fixed appliance after maxillary premolar extraction. Seventy-five drift models were obtained and digitalized via 3D scanning. The average physiologic drift duration was 81.66 ± 70.03 days. Angular and linear changes in the first molars, second premolars, and canines were measured using the 3D method. All the examined teeth had tipped and moved towards the extraction space, leading to space decreases. Posterior teeth primarily exhibited significant mesial tipping and displacement, without rotation or vertical changes. All canine variables changed, including distal inward rotation and extrusion. The physiologic drift tended to slow over time. Age had a limited negative effect on the mesial drift of posterior teeth, whereas crowding had a limited positive effect on canine drift. Thus, the mesial drift of molars after premolar extraction may lead to molar anchorage loss, particularly among younger patients. The pattern of the physiologic drift of maxillary canines can help relieve crowding and facilitate labially ectopic canine alignment, whereas canine drift is accelerated by more severe crowding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Teng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22# Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Yu Du
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22# Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Zhong Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22# Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Ping Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22# Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Min Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22# Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China.
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Alkebsi A, Al-Maaitah E, Alhaija EA. Authors' response. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 154:612-616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ke XP, Wang CW, Sun HQ, Yang Y, Luo XY, Liu TS. A quantitative research on clinical parameters of gingival contour for anterior teeth esthetic analysis and design. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 30:532-537. [PMID: 30375155 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide reference for computer-aided esthetic analysis and design of the maxillary anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intraoral scanner was used to obtain the maxillary three-dimensional digital models of subjects with healthy periodontal tissue. In SpaceClaim, the occlusal plane was established as the horizontal reference plane to measure the positional relation between the gingival zenith (GZ) of the maxillary anterior teeth, the angle formed between the gingival line and the maxillary midline (GLA), the distance between the GZ of the lateral incisor and gingival line (LID), and the distance between the GZ and the vertical bisected middle surface along the long axis of the clinical crown (VBMS). RESULTS The GLA was 92.7 ± 3.2°. The GZ of the canine, lateral incisor, and left central incisor were located to the GZ of the right central incisor coronally at 0.68 ± 0.91, 0.65 ± 0.66 mm, and apically at 0.12 ± 0.42 mm, respectively. The LID was 0.65 ± 0.92 mm. The GZ of the canine, lateral incisor, and central incisor were located distally to the VBMS at 0.00 ± 0.06, 0.27 ± 0.19, and 0.73 ± 0.21 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION The GZ at different tooth position are in different heights. The direction and degree of the GZ deviation from the VBMS are also related to tooth position. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The clinical parameters of the gingival contour obtained in this research can be used for patients with unsound contour of periodontal soft tissue to do the anterior teeth esthetic analysis. Besides, it can also be used to determine the proper position between the GZs of the maxillary anterior teeth in anterior teeth esthetic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ping Ke
- College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cun-Wei Wang
- College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Sun
- College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, Shandong province, China
| | - Yun Yang
- College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia-Yan Luo
- College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting-Song Liu
- College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Ruan MJ, Chen G, Xu TM. Comparison of orthodontic tooth movement between adolescents and adults based on implant superimposition. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197281. [PMID: 29813088 PMCID: PMC5973581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared tooth movement under maximum anchorage control with mini-screw implants in growing and non-growing patients. METHODS In total, 15 adolescent (G1) and 19 adult (G2) patients with prognathic profiles were selected. All patients underwent first premolar extraction treatment with mini-screw implants for maximum anchorage control. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data were obtained immediately after implant placement (T1) and at the end of anterior tooth retraction (T2). Tooth movement and root length changes of the maxillary first molar, canine, and incisors were evaluated with three-dimensional models constructed using CBCT data obtained before and after orthodontic retraction through the superimposition of stable implants. RESULTS Distal movement of the molar crown was observed in G2, but mesial movement was observed in G1. Mesial tipping of the first molar (1.82 ± 6.76°) was seen in G1 and distal tipping (4.44 ± 3.77°) was observed in G2. For the canines, mesial crown tipping (0.33 ± 4.99°) was noted in G1 and distal crown tipping (8.00 ± 5.57°) was observed in G2. In adults, the lingual inclinations of the lateral and central incisors were 11.91 ± 7.01° and 11.47 ± 6.70°, with 0.99 ± 1.22 mm and 1.08 ± 1.20 mm root retraction, respectively. In adolescents, the torque changes were smaller (lateral incisors, 8.25 ± 10.15°; central incisors, 9.82 ± 8.97°) and the root retractions were 0.31 ± 1.81 mm and 0.77 ± 1.59 mm, respectively. Less shortening of the central incisor roots occurred in adolescents than in adults. CONCLUSIONS Tooth movements, such as anchor molar angular change, the canine tipping pattern, and the amount of incisor retraction, differed between adolescents and adults treated using the same anchorage with mini-screw implants, bracket prescription, and en masse retraction method. Anchorage strength of the first molars, canine movement patterns, and incisor retraction ranges are not determined by the anchorage device alone; growth and alveolar limitations also play roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jiao Ruan
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Gui Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Min Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Talaat S, Kaboudan A, Bourauel C, Ragy N, Kula K, Ghoneima A. Validity and reliability of three-dimensional palatal superimposition of digital dental models. Eur J Orthod 2017; 39:365-370. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abdi AH, Nouri M. Registration of serial maxillary models via the weighted rugae superimposition method. Orthod Craniofac Res 2017; 20:79-84. [PMID: 28150411 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We introduce a weighted method for superimposition of serial digital maxillary models based on the variable stability of rugae points. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Plaster maxillary models of 24 randomly selected 12-year-olds as well as their models at the age of 14 were obtained and scanned using a benchtop structured-light 3D scanner. METHODS The models were registered twice, once via the unweighted and again via the proposed weighted rugae superimposition method based on 12 rugae landmarks. For each superimposition, distances between the corresponding rugae points were measured and compared with reported displacements of rugae points in literature. RESULTS The unweighted superimposition produced no meaningful differences in terms of total displacements of registration landmarks, whereas the weighted method recognized the medial points of the third ruga as the most stable landmarks. Results of the weighted method also demonstrated statistically significant smaller changes for medial rugae points in almost every dimension compared to the lateral rugae points. These results comply with the growth patterns of maxilla and rugae point displacements reported in similar studies. CONCLUSION Considering the variable stability of rugae points during growth, the weighted rugae superimposition method results in more promising registrations on serial models. This method prioritizes registration landmarks based on clinical criteria of choice and is suitable for analysis of other structures such as tooth movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Abdi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Nouri
- Orthodontic Department of School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ali D, Mohammed H, Koo SH, Kang KH, Kim SC. Three-dimensional evaluation of tooth movement in Class II malocclusions treated without extraction by orthodontic mini-implant anchorage. Korean J Orthod 2016; 46:280-9. [PMID: 27668191 PMCID: PMC5033767 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2016.46.5.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze tooth movement and arch width changes in maxillary dentition following nonextraction treatment with orthodontic mini-implant (OMI) anchorage in Class II division 1 malocclusions. METHODS Seventeen adult patients diagnosed with Angle's Class II division 1 malocclusion were treated by nonextraction with OMIs as anchorage for distalization of whole maxillary dentition. Three-dimensional virtual maxillary models were superimposed with the best-fit method at the pretreatment and post-treatment stages. Linear, angular, and arch width variables were measured using Rapidform 2006 software, and analyzed by the paired t-test. RESULTS All maxillary teeth showed statistically significant movement posteriorly (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the vertical position of the maxillary teeth, except that the second molars were extruded (0.86 mm, p < 0.01). The maxillary first and second molars were rotated distal-in (4.5°, p < 0.001; 3.0°, p < 0.05, respectively). The intersecond molar width increased slightly (0.1 mm, p > 0.05) and the intercanine, interfirst premolar, intersecond premolar, and interfirst molar widths increased significantly (2.2 mm, p < 0.01; 2.2 mm, p < 0.05; 1.9 mm, p < 0.01; 2.0 mm, p < 0.01; respectively). CONCLUSIONS Nonextraction treatment with OMI anchorage for Class II division 1 malocclusions could retract the whole maxillary dentition to achieve a Class I canine and molar relationship without a change in the vertical position of the teeth; however, the second molars were significantly extruded. Simultaneously, the maxillary arch was shown to be expanded with distal-in rotation of the molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dler Ali
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hnd Mohammed
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Koo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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Song JW, Lim JK, Lee KJ, Sung SJ, Chun YS, Mo SS. Finite element analysis of maxillary incisor displacement during en-masse retraction according to orthodontic mini-implant position. Korean J Orthod 2016; 46:242-52. [PMID: 27478801 PMCID: PMC4965595 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2016.46.4.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Orthodontic mini-implants (OMI) generate various horizontal and vertical force vectors and moments according to their insertion positions. This study aimed to help select ideal biomechanics during maxillary incisor retraction by varying the length in the anterior retraction hook (ARH) and OMI position. Methods Two extraction models were constructed to analyze the three-dimentional finite element: a first premolar extraction model (Model 1, M1) and a residual 1-mm space post-extraction model (Model 2, M2). The OMI position was set at a height of 8 mm from the arch wire between the second maxillary premolar and the first molar (low OMI traction) or at a 12-mm height in the mesial second maxillary premolar (high OMI traction). Retraction force vectors of 200 g from the ARH (-1, +1, +3, and +6 mm) at low or high OMI traction were resolved into X-, Y-, and Z-axis components. Results In M1 (low and high OMI traction) and M2 (low OMI traction), the maxillary incisor tip was extruded, but the apex was intruded, and the occlusal plane was rotated clockwise. Significant intrusion and counter-clockwise rotation in the occlusal plane were observed under high OMI traction and -1 mm ARH in M2. Conclusions This study observed orthodontic tooth movement according to the OMI position and ARH height, and M2 under high OMI traction with short ARH showed retraction with maxillary incisor intrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Song
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Kee-Joon Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Sung
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn-Sic Chun
- Department of Orthodontics, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Seo Mo
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SJ, Hwang CJ, Park JH, Kim HJ, Yu HS. Surgical removal of asymptomatic impacted third molars: Considerations for orthodontists and oral surgeons. Semin Orthod 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cheng C, Cheng X, Dai N, Liu Y, Fan Q, Hou Y, Jiang X. Personalized Orthodontic Accurate Tooth Arrangement System with Complete Teeth Model. J Med Syst 2015. [PMID: 26208593 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy, validity and lack of relation information between dental root and jaw in tooth arrangement are key problems in tooth arrangement technology. This paper aims to describe a newly developed virtual, personalized and accurate tooth arrangement system based on complete information about dental root and skull. Firstly, a feature constraint database of a 3D teeth model is established. Secondly, for computed simulation of tooth movement, the reference planes and lines are defined by the anatomical reference points. The matching mathematical model of teeth pattern and the principle of the specific pose transformation of rigid body are fully utilized. The relation of position between dental root and alveolar bone is considered during the design process. Finally, the relative pose relationships among various teeth are optimized using the object mover, and a personalized therapeutic schedule is formulated. Experimental results show that the virtual tooth arrangement system can arrange abnormal teeth very well and is sufficiently flexible. The relation of position between root and jaw is favorable. This newly developed system is characterized by high-speed processing and quantitative evaluation of the amount of 3D movement of an individual tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Mailbox 357, 29 Yudao Street, Qinhuai Dist, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China,
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Lione R, Huanca Ghislanzoni LT, Defraia E, Franchi L, Cozza P. Bonded versus banded rapid palatal expander followed by facial mask therapy: analysis on digital dental casts. Eur J Orthod 2015; 38:217-22. [PMID: 26070923 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the dental effects produced by a bonded versus a banded expander combined with facial mask (FM) in patients with Class III malocclusion by means of digital dental casts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups of patients with Class III malocclusion and maxillary transverse deficiency in the deciduous or early mixed dentition were selected. The first group consisted of 25 subjects (12 females; 13 males) with a mean age of 7.4 years (SD 1.2 years) treated with a bonded expander and FM. The second group consisted of 25 subjects (13 females; 12 males) with a mean age of 8.1 years (SD 1.3 years) treated with a banded expander and FM. For each subject of the two groups, initial (pre-treatment, T1) and final (post-treatment, T2) dental casts were taken and scanned. Maxillary digital models of T1 and T2 were superimposed on the palatal rugae in order to analyse the maxillary anchorage loss. Significant between-group differences were tested with independent sample t-test (P < 0.05). RESULTS No statistical differences were found for any of the variables observed. CONCLUSION Orthopaedic treatment of Class III malocclusion with either a bonded or a banded expander and FM during the deciduous or early mixed dentition induced a significant expansion of the maxillary arch and a slight mesialization of the posterior anchoring teeth with no difference between the two intraoral appliance designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lione
- *Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | | | - Efisio Defraia
- ***Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franchi
- ***Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Cozza
- *Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
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Su H, Han B, Li S, Na B, Ma W, Xu TM. Factors predisposing to maxillary anchorage loss: a retrospective study of 1403 cases. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109561. [PMID: 25299164 PMCID: PMC4192127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anchorage loss is very disturbing for orthodontists and patients during orthodontic treatment, which usually results in bad treatment effects. Despite the same treatment strategy, different patients show different tendencies toward anchorage loss, which influences the treatment results and should preferably be predicted before the treatment is begun. However, relatively little research has been conducted on which patients are more likely to lose anchorage. The mesial tipping of the first molar marks the onset of anchorage loss, and changes in the angulation of the first molar are closely related to anchorage loss. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine how the mesiodistal angulation of the upper first molars changes during general orthodontic treatment and to identify the individual physiologic factors leading to these changes in a large sample of 1403 patients with malocclusion. The data indicate that the upper first molars tend to be tipped mesially during orthodontic treatment, and this constitutes a type of anchorage loss that orthodontists should consider carefully. Compared to treatment-related factors, patients' physiologic characteristics have a greater influence on changes in the angulation of the upper first molars during orthodontic treatment. The more distally tipped the upper first molars are before treatment, the more they will tip mesially during treatment. Mesial tipping of the upper first molars, and therefore, anchorage loss, is more likely to occur in adolescents, males, patients with class II malocclusion and patients who have undergone maxillary premolar extraction. This finding is of clinical significance to orthodontists who wish to prevent iatrogenic anchorage loss by tipping originally distally tipped upper molars forward, and provides a new perspective on anchorage during orthodontic treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Sa Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Na
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Min Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Analysis of Tooth Movement in Typodont Using Three-dimensional Reverse Engineering Technology. J Craniofac Surg 2014; 25:e457-60. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Compensation trends of the angulation of first molars: retrospective study of 1403 malocclusion cases. Int J Oral Sci 2014; 6:175-81. [PMID: 24699185 PMCID: PMC4170147 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2014.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the compensatory trends of mesiodistal angulation of first molars in malocclusion cases. We compared differences in the angulation of first molars in different developmental stages, malocclusion classifications and skeletal patterns. The medical records and lateral cephalogrammes of 1403 malocclusion cases taken before treatment were measured to evaluate compensation of molar angulation in relation to the skeletal jaw. The cases were stratified by age, Angle classification and skeletal patterns. Differences in the mesiodistal angulation of the first molars were compared among the stratifications. We observed three main phenomena. First, angulation of the upper first molar varied significantly with age and tipped most distally in cases aged <12 years and least distally in cases aged >16 years. The lower first molar did not show such differences. Second, in Angle Class II or skeletal Class II cases, the upper first molar was the most distally tipped, the lower first molar was the most mesially tipped, and opposite angulation compensation was observed in Class III cases. Third, in high-angle cases, the upper and lower first molars were the most distally tipped, and opposite angulation compensation was observed in low-angle cases. These data suggest that the angulation of the molars compensated for various growth patterns and malocclusion types. Hence, awareness of molar angulation compensation would help to adjust occlusal relationships, control anchorage and increase the chances of long-term stability.
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Comparison of virtual and manual tooth setups with digital and plaster models in extraction cases. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 145:434-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Park HM, Kim BH, Yang IH, Baek SH. Preliminary three-dimensional analysis of tooth movement and arch dimension change of the maxillary dentition in Class II division 1 malocclusion treated with first premolar extraction: conventional anchorage vs. mini-implant anchorage. Korean J Orthod 2012; 42:280-90. [PMID: 23323242 PMCID: PMC3542448 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2012.42.6.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to compare the effects of conventional and orthodontic mini-implant (OMI) anchorage on tooth movement and arch-dimension changes in the maxillary dentition in Class II division 1 (CII div.1) patients. Methods CII div.1 patients treated with extraction of the maxillary first and mandibular second premolars and sliding mechanics were allotted to conventional anchorage group (CA, n = 12) or OMI anchorage group (OA, n = 12). Pre- and post-treatment three-dimensional virtual maxillary models were superimposed using the best-fit method. Linear, angular, and arch-dimension variables were measured with software program. Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed for statistical analysis. Results Compared to the CA group, the OMI group showed more backward movement of the maxillary central and lateral incisors and canine (MXCI, MXLI, MXC, respectively; 1.6 mm, p < 0.001; 0.9 mm, p < 0.05; 1.2 mm, p < 0.001); more intrusion of the MXCI and MXC (1.3 mm, 0.5 mm, all p < 0.01); less forward movement of the maxillary second premolar, first, and second molars (MXP2, MXM1, MXM2, respectively; all 1.0 mm, all p < 0.05); less contraction of the MXP2 and MXM1 (0.7 mm, p < 0.05; 0.9 mm, p < 0.001); less mesial-in rotation of the MXM1 and MXM2 (2.6°, 2.5°, all p < 0.05); and less decrease of the inter-MXP2, MXM1, and MXM2 widths (1.8 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, all p < 0.05). Conclusions In treatment of CII div.1 malocclusion, OA provided better anchorage and less arch-dimension change in the maxillary posterior teeth than CA during en-masse retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Mook Park
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim YI, Choi YK, Park SB, Son WS, Kim SS. Three-dimensional analysis of dental decompensation for skeletal Class III malocclusion on the basis of vertical skeletal patterns obtained using cone-beam computed tomography. Korean J Orthod 2012; 42:227-34. [PMID: 23173115 PMCID: PMC3495253 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2012.42.5.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the presurgical orthodontic tooth movement of mandibular teeth after dental decompensation for skeletal Class III deformities on the basis of vertical skeletal patterns. METHODS This cohort was comprised of 62 patients who received presurgical orthodontic treatment. These patients were divided into 3 groups according to their vertical skeletal patterns. Changes in the positions of the mandibular central incisor, canine, premolar, and 1st molar after presurgical orthodontic treatment were measured using a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) superimposition method. RESULTS The incisors moved forward after dental decompensation in all 3 groups. The canines in group I and the 1st premolars in groups I and III also moved forward. The incisors and canines were extruded in groups I and II. The 1st and 2nd premolars were also extruded in all groups. Vertical changes in the 1st premolars differed significantly between the groups. We also observed lateral movement of the canines in group III and of the 1st premolar, 2nd premolar, and 1st molar in all 3 groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Movement of the mandibular incisors and premolars resolved the dental compensation. The skeletal facial pattern did not affect the dental decompensation, except in the case of vertical changes of the 1st premolars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea. ; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Baek SH, Cho MY, Choi JH, Lee SP. Authors’ response. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Son KH, Park JW, Lee DK, Kim KD, Baek SH. New virtual orthodontic treatment system for indirect bonding using the stereolithographic technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2011.41.2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Hui Son
- Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Kooalldam Dental Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- Clinical Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, and Private Practice, Department of Orthodontics, Kooalldam Dental Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Clinical Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, and Private Practice, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki-Dal Kim
- Clinical Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, and Private Practice, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Baek
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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