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Dwivedi S, Choudhary P, Gupta A, Singh S. Therapeutical growth in oligodendroglial fate induction via transdifferentiation of stem cells for neuroregenerative therapy. Biochimie 2023; 211:35-56. [PMID: 36842627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The merits of stem cell therapy and research are undisputed due to their widespread usage in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and demyelinating disorders. Cell replacement therapy especially revolves around stem cells and their induction into different cell lineages both adult and progenitor - belonging to each germ layer, prior to transplantation or disease modeling studies. The nervous system is abundant in glial cells and among these are oligodendrocytes capable of myelinating new-born neurons and remyelination of axons with lost or damaged myelin sheath. But demyelinating diseases generate tremendous deficit between myelin loss and recovery. To compensate for this loss, analyze the defects in remyelination mechanisms as well as to trigger full recovery in such patients mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been induced to transdifferentiate into oligodendrocytes. But such experiments are riddled with problems like prolonged, tenuous and complicated protocols that stretch longer than the time taken for the spread of demyelination-associated after-effects. This review delves into such protocols and the combinations of different molecules and factors that have been recruited to derive bona fide oligodendrocytes from in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and MSCs with special focus on MSC-derived oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Dwivedi
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - Princy Choudhary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - Ayushi Gupta
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India.
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Hernández-Pérez OR, Juárez-Navarro KJ, Diaz NF, Padilla-Camberos E, Beltran-Garcia MJ, Cardenas-Castrejon D, Corona-Perez H, Hernández-Jiménez C, Díaz-Martínez NE. Biomolecules resveratrol + coenzyme Q10 recover the cell state of human mesenchymal stem cells after 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced damage and improve proliferation and neural differentiation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:929590. [PMID: 36117620 PMCID: PMC9471188 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.929590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a critical affection with a high incidence around the world. Currently, there are no effective treatments to solve this problem. However, the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and antioxidants in neurodegenerative diseases has shown to be a promising tool due to their multiple therapeutic effects. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of a combination of resveratrol (RSV) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the proliferation and differentiation of MSC and the protector effects in induced damage. To characterize the MSCs, we performed flow cytometry, protocols of cellular differentiation, and immunocytochemistry analysis. The impact of RSV + CoQ10 in proliferation was evaluated by supplementing 2.5 and 10 μM of RSV + CoQ10 in a cellular kinetic for 14 days. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase levels (LDH) were also analyzed. The protective effect of RSV + CoQ10 was assessed by supplementing the treatment to damaged MSCs by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+); cellular viability, LDH, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated.. MSCs expressed the surface markers CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 and showed multipotential ability. The combination of RSV + CoQ10 increased the proliferation potential and cell viability and decreased LDH levels. In addition, it reverted the effect of MPP+-induced damage in MSCs to enhance cell viability and decrease LDH and ROS. Finally, RSV + CoQ10 promoted the differentiation of neural progenitors. The combination of RSV + CoQ10 represents a potential treatment to improve MSCs capacities and protect against neurodegenerative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar R. Hernández-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Karen J. Juárez-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Nestor F. Diaz
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Miguel J. Beltran-Garcia
- Departamento de Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Néstor E. Díaz-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Néstor E. Díaz-Martínez,
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Li J, Wang Q, An Y, Chen X, Xing Y, Deng Q, Li Z, Wang S, Dai X, Liang N, Hou Y, Yang H, Shang Z. Integrative Single-Cell RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human Placenta. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:836887. [PMID: 35450295 PMCID: PMC9017713 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.836887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived from placenta (PMSCs) are an attractive source for regenerative medicine because of their multidifferentiation potential and immunomodulatory capabilities. However, the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of PMSCs has not been fully characterized. Here, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) techniques to cultured PMSCs from human full-term placenta. Based on the inferred characteristics of cell clusters, we identify several distinct subsets of PMSCs with specific characteristics, including immunomodulatory-potential and highly proliferative cell states. Furthermore, integrative analysis of gene expression and chromatin accessibility showed a clearer chromatin accessibility signature than those at the transcriptional level on immunomodulatory-related genes. Cell cycle gene-related heterogeneity can be more easily distinguished at the transcriptional than the chromatin accessibility level in PMSCs. We further reveal putative subset-specific cis-regulatory elements regulating the expression of immunomodulatory- and proliferation-related genes in the immunomodulatory-potential and proliferative subpopulations, respectively. Moreover, we infer a novel transcription factor PRDM1, which might play a crucial role in maintaining immunomodulatory capability by activating PRDM1-regulon loop. Collectively, our study first provides a comprehensive and integrative view of the transcriptomic and epigenomic features of PMSCs, which paves the way for a deeper understanding of cellular heterogeneity and offers fundamental biological insight of PMSC subset-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quanlei Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Biology Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Yanan Xing
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuting Deng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zelong Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Dai
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouchun Shang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- BGI College, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhouchun Shang,
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Wu W, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Yang W, Fan X, Xu J, Huang Z, Shao Q. Overexpression of sonic hedgehog enhances the osteogenesis in rat ectomesenchymal stem cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2022; 23:569-580. [PMID: 35147838 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-09994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ectoderm-derived mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) were used as potential seed cells for bone tissue engineering to treat bone defects due to their capability of rapid proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling was reported to play an important role in the development of bone tissue, but its role is not understood. The present study investigated the role of Shh molecule in osteogenic differentiation of rat EMSCs in vitro. Rat EMSCs were isolated form nasal respiratory mucosa and identified with immunofluorescence and analyzed with other methods, including reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting. EMSCs expressed CD90, CD105, nestin, and vimentin. On the seventh day of osteogenic induction, expression levels of Shh and Gli1 was higher according to the result of qPCR and Western blotting. After induction for 14 days, higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and more mineralized nodules were seen in comparison to the cells that did not undergo induction. Shh signaling appears to enhance osteogenic differentiation of rat EMSCs, suggesting that Shh signaling directs the lineage differentiation of ectodermal stem cells and represents a promising strategy for skeletal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Wu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jili Xu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Clark KC, Wang D, Kumar P, Mor S, Kulubya E, Lazar S, Wang A. The Molecular Mechanisms Through Which Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Myelin Regeneration. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101099. [PMID: 35023637 PMCID: PMC9225676 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating degenerative disease characterized by an immunological attack on the myelin sheath leading to demyelination and axon degeneration. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become attractive targets as therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as MS due to their potent immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. The placenta is a unique source of MSCs (PMSCs), demonstrates "fetomaternal" tolerance during pregnancy, and serves as a novel source of MSCs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PMSCs and PMSC-EVs have been shown to promote remyelination in animal models of MS, however, the molecular mechanisms by which modulation of autoimmunity and promotion of myelination occurs have not been well elucidated. The current review will address the molecular mechanisms by which PMSC-EVs can promote remyelination in MS.
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The Unique Properties of Placental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Novel Source of Therapy for Congenital and Acquired Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112837. [PMID: 34831060 PMCID: PMC8616037 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devasting condition with no reliable treatment. Spina bifida is the most common cause of congenital SCI. Cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCS) have been largely utilized in SCI. Several clinical trials for acquired SCI use adult tissue-derived MSC sources, including bone-marrow, adipose, and umbilical cord tissues. The first stem/stromal cell clinical trial for spina bifida is currently underway (NCT04652908). The trial uses early gestational placental-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (PMSCs) during the fetal repair of myelomeningocele. PMSCs have been shown to exhibit unique neuroprotective, angiogenic, and antioxidant properties, all which are promising applications for SCI. This review will summarize the unique properties and current applications of PMSCs and discuss their therapeutic role for acquired SCI.
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Gorodetsky R, Aicher WK. Allogenic Use of Human Placenta-Derived Stromal Cells as a Highly Active Subtype of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Cell-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5302. [PMID: 34069909 PMCID: PMC8157571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different sources, including bone marrow (BM, bmMSCs), adipose tissue (atMSCs), and human term placenta (hPSCs) has been proposed for various clinical purposes. Accumulated evidence suggests that the activity of the different MSCs is indirect and associated with paracrine release of pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory factors. A major limitation of bmMSCs-based treatment for autologous application is the limited yield of cells harvested from BM and the invasiveness of the procedure. Similar effects of autologous and allogeneic MSCs isolated from various other tissues were reported. The easily available fresh human placenta seems to represent a preferred source for harvesting abundant numbers of human hPSCs for allogenic use. Cells derived from the neonate tissues of the placenta (f-hPSC) can undergo extended expansion with a low risk of senescence. The low expression of HLA class I and II on f-hPSCs reduces the risk of rejection in allogeneic or xenogeneic applications in normal immunocompetent hosts. The main advantage of hPSCs-based therapies seems to lie in the secretion of a wide range of pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory factors. This renders hPSCs as a very competent cell for therapy in humans or animal models. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential of allogeneic applications of f-hPSCs, with reference to their indirect pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects and discusses clinical feasibility studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Gorodetsky
- Biotechnology and Radiobiology Laboratory, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Wilhelm K. Aicher
- Center of Medical Research, Department of Urology at UKT, Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Phunikom N, Boonmuen N, Kheolamai P, Suksen K, Manochantr S, Tantrawatpan C, Tantikanlayaporn D. Andrographolide promotes proliferative and osteogenic potentials of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:241. [PMID: 33853681 PMCID: PMC8048284 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The in vitro expansion and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (BM-hMSCs) are considered as potential therapeutic tools for clinical applications in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, invasive sampling and reduction in number and proliferative capacity with age are the major limitations of BM-hMSCs. Recently, human placenta-derived MSCs (PL-hMSCs) obtained by a non-invasive procedure have attracted much interest. Attempts to increase the potential of PL-hMSCs would be an important paradigm in regenerative medicine. Herein, we examined the proliferative and osteogenic effect of andrographolide (AP) on PL-hMSCs. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from full-term normal human placentas and were characterized before using. Cell cytotoxicity and proliferative effect of AP were examined by MTT and BrdU assay, respectively. The non-toxicity concentrations of AP were further assessed for osteogenic effect determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and activity, alizarin red staining, and osteoblast-specific gene expressions. Screening of genes involved in osteogenic differentiation-related pathways modulated by AP was explored by a NanoString nCounter analysis. Results PL-hMSCs generated in this study met the MSC criteria set by the International Society of Cellular Therapy. The non-cytotoxic concentrations of AP on PL-hMSCs are up to 10 μM. The compound increased PL-hMSC proliferation concomitant with increases in Wnt/β-catenin level and activity. It also enhanced osteogenic differentiation in association with osteoblast-specific mRNA expression. Further, AP promoted bone formation and increased bone structural protein level, osteocalcin, in osteoblastic cells. Gene screening analysis showed the upregulation of genes related to Wnt/β-catenin, TGFβ/BMP, SMAD, and FGF signaling pathways. Conclusion We demonstrated, for the first time, the potential role of AP in promoting proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and osteoblast bone formation of PL-hMSCs. This study suggests that AP may be an effective novel agent for the improvement of PL-hMSCs and stem cell-based therapy for bone regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02312-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruphong Phunikom
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Boonmuen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanoknetr Suksen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sirikul Manochantr
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Duangrat Tantikanlayaporn
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
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Fu YX, Ji J, Shan F, Li J, Hu R. Human mesenchymal stem cell treatment of premature ovarian failure: new challenges and opportunities. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:161. [PMID: 33658073 PMCID: PMC7931610 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is one of the common disorders found in women leading to 1% female infertility. Clinical features of POF are hypoestrogenism or estrogen deficiency, increased gonadotropin level, and, most importantly, amenorrhea. With the development of regenerative medicine, human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) therapy brings new prospects for POF. This study aimed to describe the types of MSCs currently available for POF therapy, their biological characteristics, and their mechanism of action. It reviewed the latest findings on POF to provide the theoretical basis for further investigation and clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xing Fu
- Ningxia Medical University, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Ningxia Medical University, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Fang Shan
- Ningxia Medical University, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Ningxia Medical University, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Pacheco-Herrero M, Soto-Rojas LO, Reyes-Sabater H, Garcés-Ramirez L, de la Cruz López F, Villanueva-Fierro I, Luna-Muñoz J. Current Status and Challenges of Stem Cell Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:917-935. [PMID: 34633316 PMCID: PMC8673502 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson's disease, among others, are characterized by the pathological processing and accumulation of tau protein. AD is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by two lesions: neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuritic plaques. The presence of NFTs in the hippocampus and neocortex in early and advanced stages, respectively, correlates with the patient's cognitive deterioration. So far, no drugs can prevent, decrease, or limit neuronal death due to abnormal pathological tau accumulation. Among potential non-pharmacological treatments, physical exercise has been shown to stimulate the development of stem cells (SCs) and may be useful in early stages. However, this does not prevent neuronal death from the massive accumulation of NFTs. In recent years, SCs therapies have emerged as a promising tool to repopulate areas involved in cognition in neurodegenerative diseases. Unfortunately, protocols for SCs therapy are still being developed and the mechanism of action of such therapy remains unclear. In this review, we show the advances and limitations of SCs therapy. Finally, we provide a critical analysis of its clinical use for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Pacheco-Herrero
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Dominican Republic
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Heidy Reyes-Sabater
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Dominican Republic
| | - Linda Garcés-Ramirez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Depto de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fidel de la Cruz López
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Depto de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - José Luna-Muñoz
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM, State of Mexico, Mexico
- Banco Nacional de Cerebros-UNPHU, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Dominican Republic
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Chia WK, Cheah FC, Abdul Aziz NH, Kampan NC, Shuib S, Khong TY, Tan GC, Wong YP. A Review of Placenta and Umbilical Cord-Derived Stem Cells and the Immunomodulatory Basis of Their Therapeutic Potential in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:615508. [PMID: 33791258 PMCID: PMC8006350 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.615508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a devastating lung disorder of preterm infants as a result of an aberrant reparative response following exposures to various antenatal and postnatal insults. Despite sophisticated medical treatment in this modern era, the incidence of BPD remains unabated. The current strategies to prevent and treat BPD have met with limited success. The emergence of stem cell therapy may be a potential breakthrough in mitigating this complex chronic lung disorder. Over the last two decades, the human placenta and umbilical cord have gained increasing attention as a highly potential source of stem cells. Placenta-derived stem cells (PDSCs) and umbilical cord-derived stem cells (UCDSCs) display several advantages such as immune tolerance and are generally devoid of ethical constraints, in addition to their stemness qualities. They possess the characteristics of both embryonic and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. Recently, there are many preclinical studies investigating the use of these cells as therapeutic agents in neonatal disease models for clinical applications. In this review, we describe the preclinical and clinical studies using PDSCs and UCDSCs as treatment in animal models of BPD. The source of these stem cells, routes of administration, and effects on immunomodulation, inflammation and regeneration in the injured lung are also discussed. Lastly, a brief description summarized the completed and ongoing clinical trials using PDSCs and UCDSCs as therapeutic agents in preventing or treating BPD. Due to the complexity of BPD, the development of a safe and efficient therapeutic agent remains a major challenge to both clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kit Chia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fook Choe Cheah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Haslinda Abdul Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nirmala Chandralega Kampan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salwati Shuib
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yee Khong
- Department of Pathology, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin Ping Wong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Afflerbach AK, Kiri MD, Detinis T, Maoz BM. Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Promising Cell Source for Integration in Novel In Vitro Models. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1306. [PMID: 32927777 PMCID: PMC7565384 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human-relevance of an in vitro model is dependent on two main factors-(i) an appropriate human cell source and (ii) a modeling platform that recapitulates human in vivo conditions. Recent years have brought substantial advancements in both these aspects. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cell source, as these cells can differentiate into multiple cell types, yet do not raise the ethical and practical concerns associated with other types of stem cells. In turn, advanced bioengineered in vitro models such as microfluidics, Organs-on-a-Chip, scaffolds, bioprinting and organoids are bringing researchers ever closer to mimicking complex in vivo environments, thereby overcoming some of the limitations of traditional 2D cell cultures. This review covers each of these advancements separately and discusses how the integration of MSCs into novel in vitro platforms may contribute enormously to clinical and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Afflerbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark D. Kiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Tahir Detinis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Ben M. Maoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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14
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Ebrahimi V, Eskandarian Boroujeni M, Aliaghaei A, Abdollahifar MA, Piryaei A, Haghir H, Sadeghi Y. Functional dopaminergic neurons derived from human chorionic mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate striatal atrophy and improve behavioral deficits in Parkinsonian rat model. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2274-2289. [PMID: 31642188 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human chorionic mesenchymal stem cells (HCMSCs) have been recognized as a desirable choice for cell therapy in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Due to invaluable features of HCMSCs including their immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties, easily accessible and less differentiated compared to other types of MSCs, HCMSCs provide a great hope for regenerative medicine. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of HCMSCs-derived dopaminergic (DA) neuron-like cells with regard to PD. Initially, HCMSCs were isolated and underwent a 2-week DA differentiation, followed by in vitro assessments, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, patch clamp recording, and high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the effects of implanted HCMSCs-derived DA neuron-like cells on the motor coordination along with stereological alterations in the striatum of rat models of PD were investigated. Our results showed that under neuronal induction, HCMSCs revealed neuron-like morphology, and expressed neuronal and DA-specific genes, together with DA release. Furthermore, transplantation of HCMSCs-derived DA neurons into the striatum of rat models of PD, augmented performance. Besides, it prevented reduction of striatal volume, dendritic length, and the total number of neurons, coupled with a diminished level of cleaved caspase-3. Altogether, these findings suggest that HCMSCs could be considered as an attractive strategy for cell-based therapies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ebrahimi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Haghir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yousef Sadeghi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Tiensuu H, Haapalainen AM, Karjalainen MK, Pasanen A, Huusko JM, Marttila R, Ojaniemi M, Muglia LJ, Hallman M, Rämet M. Risk of spontaneous preterm birth and fetal growth associates with fetal SLIT2. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008107. [PMID: 31194736 PMCID: PMC6563950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) is the leading cause of neonatal death and morbidity worldwide. Both maternal and fetal genetic factors likely contribute to SPTB. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on a population of Finnish origin that included 247 infants with SPTB (gestational age [GA] < 36 weeks) and 419 term controls (GA 38-41 weeks). The strongest signal came within the gene encoding slit guidance ligand 2 (SLIT2; rs116461311, minor allele frequency 0.05, p = 1.6×10-6). Pathway analysis revealed the top-ranking pathway was axon guidance, which includes SLIT2. In 172 very preterm-born infants (GA <32 weeks), rs116461311 was clearly overrepresented (odds ratio 4.06, p = 1.55×10-7). SLIT2 variants were associated with SPTB in another European population that comprised 260 very preterm infants and 9,630 controls. To gain functional insight, we used immunohistochemistry to visualize SLIT2 and its receptor ROBO1 in placentas from spontaneous preterm and term births. Both SLIT2 and ROBO1 were located in villous and decidual trophoblasts of embryonic origin. Based on qRT-PCR, the mRNA levels of SLIT2 and ROBO1 were higher in the basal plate of SPTB placentas compared to those from term or elective preterm deliveries. In addition, in spontaneous term and preterm births, placental SLIT2 expression was correlated with variations in fetal growth. Knockdown of ROBO1 in trophoblast-derived HTR8/SVneo cells by siRNA indicated that it regulate expression of several pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (PSG) genes and genes involved in inflammation. Our results show that the fetal SLIT2 variant and both SLIT2 and ROBO1 expression in placenta and trophoblast cells may be correlated with susceptibility to SPTB. SLIT2-ROBO1 signaling was linked with regulation of genes involved in inflammation, PSG genes, decidualization and fetal growth. We propose that this receptor-ligand couple is a component of the signaling network that promotes SPTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Tiensuu
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti M. Haapalainen
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna K. Karjalainen
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anu Pasanen
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna M. Huusko
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Riitta Marttila
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Ojaniemi
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Louis J. Muglia
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mikko Hallman
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Rämet
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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16
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Periasamy R, Surbek DV, Schoeberlein A. In vitro-microenvironment directs preconditioning of human chorion derived MSC promoting differentiation of OPC-like cells. Tissue Cell 2018; 52:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Eve DJ, Sanberg PR, Buzanska L, Sarnowska A, Domanska-Janik K. Human Somatic Stem Cell Neural Differentiation Potential. Results Probl Cell Differ 2018; 66:21-87. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93485-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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18
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Lin W, Hsuan YCY, Su YC, Lin CH, Lin MT, Chen ZH, Chang CP, Lin KC. CD34 - human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells protect against heat stroke mortality in rats. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1992-2001. [PMID: 29416747 PMCID: PMC5788615 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD34 is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein used to selectively enrich bone marrow in hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation. Treating rats with CD34+ cells derived from human umbilical cord blood before or after heat stroke has been shown to promote survival. We investigated whether CD34– human placenta-derived stem cells (PDMSCs) could improve survival following heat stroke in rats. Rats were subjected to heat stress (42°C for 98 min) to induce heat stroke. Intravenous administration of PDMSCs 1 day before or immediately after the onset of heat stroke improved survival by 60% and 20%, respectively. Pre-treatment with CD34− PDMSCs protected against heat stroke injury more effectively than that treatment after injury. PDMSCs treatment attenuated cerebrovascular dysfunction, the inflammatory response, and lipid peroxidation. These data suggest human PDMSCs protect against heat stroke injury in rats. Moreover, these effects do not require the presence of CD34+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willie Lin
- Meridigen Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chin Su
- Meridigen Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Hao Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Chang Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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19
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Pleiotropic effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling to control human chorionic mesenchymal stem cell physiology. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2930. [PMID: 28703804 PMCID: PMC5550859 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chorionic stem cells represent a promising opportunity for regenerative medicine. A deeper understanding of the stimuli that regulate their physiology, could lead to innovative clinical approaches. We revealed the presence of multiple sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor isoforms in chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CMSCs). Their activation simultaneously propagated from the plasma membrane through Gi and other heterotrimeric G proteins and further diverged toward extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 and protein kinase D 1. At a functional level, S1P signaling inhibited CMSC migration, while promoting proliferation. Instead, a reduction of cell density was obtained when S1P was combined to treatments that increased cAMP intracellular concentration. Such surprising reduction of cell viability was relatively specific as it was not observed with stromal stem cells from bone marrow. Neither it was observed by activating analogous G proteins with bradykinin nor by inducing cell death via a cAMP-independent pathway. S1P could thus reveal novel keys to improve CMSC differentiation programs acting on cAMP concentration. Furthermore, S1P receptor agonists/antagonists could become instrumental in favoring CMSC engraftment by controlling cell motility.
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20
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21
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Zhang W, Yang H, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Zhou T, Li M, Wen Y, Lin X, Xiang R, Chen X. A biotherapy based on PSCs-in-3D spheroid-ameliorated biologics depletes in vivo cancer-sustaining stem cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:40762-74. [PMID: 26512920 PMCID: PMC4747367 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CSCs are able to survive routine anticancer procedures and peripheral-immune attack. Here we develop and detail a framework of CSC elimination governed by 3D-biologics. Pluripotent cells-engineered 3D-biologics (PMSB) and control non-3D-biologics were prepared from placenta-based somatic stem cells (PSCs) and inoculated respectively into senile hosts bearing progressive mammary, lung, colon carcinomas and melanoma. We demonstrate that PMSB evokes in vivo central-immune microenvironment with subsequent re-expression of thymosin-α1 ~ β4 in thymic cortex-medulla borderline for rapid MHC-unrestricted renewal of γδT-dominated immunocompetence. The post-renewal γδT-subsets could accurately bind and drive CSCs into apoptosis. Finally, with central/peripheral integral microenvironment renewal and TERT/Wnt/β-catenin pathway blockade, the CSC-subsets are fully depleted, leading to substantial cure of diverse tumors by PMSB inoculation (P < 0.01), yet not by non-3D-biologics. Thus, our study may contribute to open up a new avenue for tumor remission via pluripotent cells-engineered 3D-biologics addressing quick renewal of central-thymus and peripheral immune-microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanna Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianlin Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Wen
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, West China Hospital/Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Lin
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, West China Hospital/Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiancheng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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22
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Kim KS, Park JM, Kong T, Kim C, Bae SH, Kim HW, Moon J. Retinal Angiogenesis Effects of TGF-β1 and Paracrine Factors Secreted From Human Placental Stem Cells in Response to a Pathological Environment. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:1145-57. [PMID: 26065854 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal angiogenesis is a primary cause of many eye diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinopathy of prematurity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently being investigated as a treatment for several such retinal diseases based on their neuroprotective and angiogenic potentials. In this study, we evaluated the role of systemically injected human placental amniotic membrane-derived MSCs (AMSCs) on pathological neovascularization of proliferative retinopathy. We determined that AMSCs secrete higher levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1) than other MSCs, and the secreted TGF-β1 directly suppresses the proliferation of endothelial cells under pathological conditions in vitro. Moreover, in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, intraperitoneally injected AMSCs migrated into the retina and suppressed excessive neovascularization of the vasculature via expression of TGF-β1, and the antineovascular effect of AMSCs was blocked by treatment with TGF-β1 siRNA. These findings are the first to demonstrate that TGF-β1 secreted from AMSCs is one of the key factors to suppress retinal neovascularization in proliferative retinopathy and further elucidate the therapeutic function of AMSCs for the treatment of retinal neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sul Kim
- College of Life Science, Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Abstract
Mammalian viviparity (intrauterine development of the fetus) introduced a new dimension to brain development, with the fetal hypothalamus and fetal placenta developing at a time when the fetal placenta engages hypothalamic structures of the maternal generation. Such transgenerational interactions provide a basis for ensuring optimal maternalism in the next generation. This success has depended on genomic imprinting and a biased role of the matriline. Maternal methylation imprints determine parent of origin expression of genes fundamental to both placental and hypothalamic development. The matriline takes a further leading role for transgenerational reprogramming of these imprints. Developmental errors are minimized by the tight control that imprinted genes have on regulation of downstream evolutionary expanded gene families important for placental and hypothalamic development. Imprinted genes themselves have undergone purifying selection, providing a framework of stability for in utero development with most growth variance occurring postnatally. Mothers, not fathers, take the lead in the endocrinological and behavior adaptations that nurture, feed, and protect the infant. In utero coadaptive development of the placenta and hypothalamus has thus required a concomitant development to ensure male masculinization. Only placental male mammals evolved the sex determining SRY, which activates Sox9 for testes formation. SRY is a hybrid gene of Dgcr8 expressed in the developing placenta and Sox3 expressed in hypothalamic development. This hybridization of genes that take their origin from the placenta and hypothalamus has enabled critical in utero timing for the development of fetal Leydig cells, and hence testosterone production for hypothalamic masculinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Keverne
- Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB23 8AA, United Kingdom
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Zhu G, Sun C, Liu W. Effects of neurotrophin-3 on the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and oligodendrocytes. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1483-7. [PMID: 25657683 PMCID: PMC4308779 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.19.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, cells from the cerebral cortex of fetal rats at pregnant 16 days were harvested and cultured with 20 μg/L neurotrophin-3. After 7 days of culture, immunocytochemical staining showed that, 22.4% of cells were positive for nestin, 10.5% were positive for β-III tubulin (neuronal marker), and 60.6% were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, but no cells were positive for O4 (oligodendrocytic marker). At 14 days, there were 5.6% nestin-, 9.6% β-III tubulin-, 81.1% glial fibrillary acidic protein-, and 2.2% O4-positive cells. In cells not treated with neurotrophin-3, some were nestin-positive, while the majority showed positive staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Our experimental findings indicate that neurotrophin-3 is a crucial factor for inducing neural stem cells differentiation into neurons and oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chongran Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
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25
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Li Z, Zhao W, Liu W, Zhou Y, Jia J, Yang L. Transplantation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell-induced neural stem cells to treat spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2015; 9:2197-204. [PMID: 25657742 PMCID: PMC4316454 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.147953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of their strong proliferative capacity and multi-potency, placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells have gained interest as a cell source in the field of nerve damage repair. In the present study, human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells were induced to differentiate into neural stem cells, which were then transplanted into the spinal cord after local spinal cord injury in rats. The motor functional recovery and pathological changes in the injured spinal cord were observed for 3 successive weeks. The results showed that human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into neuron-like cells and that induced neural stem cells contribute to the restoration of injured spinal cord without causing transplant rejection. Thus, these cells promote the recovery of motor and sensory functions in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Therefore, human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells may be useful as seed cells during the repair of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingqiao Jia
- Liaoning Province Wellcare Stem Cells Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Benxi, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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26
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Neural differentiation of human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal cells under special culture conditions. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:449-60. [PMID: 25344875 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neural disorders are characterized by the loss of one or several types of neural cells. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal cells (hUCMs) are capable of differentiating into neuron, astroglia-like and oligodendrocyte cell types. However, a reliable means of inducing the selective differentiation of hUCMs into neural cells in vitro has not yet been established. For induction of neural differentiation, hUCMs were seeded onto sterile glass slides and six various cocktails using a base medium (DMEM/LG) supplemented with 10 % FBS, retinoic acid (RA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) were used to compare their effect on neuronal, astrocyte and oligodandrocyte differentiation. The hUCMs were positive for mesenchymal markers, while they were negative for hematopoietic markers. Differentiation to adipogenic and osteogenic lineage was detected in these cells. Our data revealed that the cocktail consisting of DMEM/LG, FBS, RA, FGF, and EGF (DF/R/Fg/E group) induced hUCM cells to express the highest percentage of nestin, ß-tubulin III, neurofilament, and CNPase. The DF/Ds/Fg/E group led to the highest percentage of GFAP expression. While the expression levels of NF, GFAP, and CNPase were the lowest in the DF group. The least percentage of nestin and ß-tubulin III expression was observed in the DF/Ds group. We may conclude that FGF and EGF are important inducers for differentiation of hUCMs into neuron, astrocyte and oligodendrocyte. RA can induce hUCMs to differentiate into neuron and oligodendrocyte while for astrocyte differentiation DMSO had a pivotal role.
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27
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Cho JS, Park JH, Kang JH, Kim SE, Park IH, Lee HM. Isolation and characterization of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells in nasal polyps. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:185-93. [PMID: 25294891 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214553898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells in adult tissues. This study aimed to investigate nasal polyp (NP) tissues as a potential new source of multipotent MSCs that maintain their stemness and differentiation potential following multiple rounds of passaging. NP tissues were obtained from 10 patients during endoscopic sinus surgery. After isolating and culturing NP-derived MSCs (npMSCs), the expression levels of the surface markers CD34, CD44, CD45, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD146 and human leukocyte antigens-class II DR antigen (HLA-DR) were estimated by flow cytometry. NpMSCs were cultured in chondrogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic, or neurogenic differentiation medium. The differentiation potential of npMSCs was analyzed by Alcian blue, alizarin red S, oil red O, and immunocytochemical staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The clonogenic potential of npMSCs was measured using a colony-forming unit assay. Cell proliferation of npMSCs was measured using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that npMSCs were negative for hematopoietic lineage markers (CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR) and positive for MSC markers (CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105). The npMSCs differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and neurogenic lineages, respectively. Chondrogenically differentiated npMSCs were stained with Alcian blue, osteogenically differentiated npMSCs were stained with alizarin red S, and adipogenically differentiated npMSCs were stained with oil red O. Real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that the differentiated npMSCs expressed the respective differentiation markers (Sox 9 and Col2A for chondrogenesis, Runx2 and osteocalcin for osteogenesis, fatty acid-binding protein 4 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ for adipogenesis, TuJ1, neurofilament light chain, and neurofilament heavy chain for neurogenesis). There were no significant differences in the clonogenic potential and proliferation rate between early and late passage npMSCs. These results show that npMSCs possess the characteristics of MSCs in terms of morphology, multipotent differentiation capacity, cell surface marker expression, and clonogenicity. Thus, npMSCs may represent an alternative source of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sun Cho
- Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Korea College of Medicine, Institute for Medical Devices Clinical Trial Center, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Korea
| | - Joo-Hoo Park
- Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyung Kang
- Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rare Diseases Institute, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Korea
| | - Il-Ho Park
- College of Medicine, Institute for Medical Devices Clinical Trial Center, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Korea Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul 152-703, Korea
| | - Heung-Man Lee
- Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Korea College of Medicine, Institute for Medical Devices Clinical Trial Center, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Korea Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul 152-703, Korea
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Multiple systemic transplantations of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells exert therapeutic effects in an ALS mouse model. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:571-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sensory innervation of the dorsal longitudinal ligament and the meninges in the lumbar spine of the dog. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:433-47. [PMID: 24748503 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although intervertebral disc herniation is a well-known disease in dogs, pain management for this condition has remained a challenge. The goal of the present study is to address the lack of information regarding the innervation of anatomical structures within the canine vertebral canal. Immunolabeling was performed with antibodies against protein gene product 9.5, Tuj-1 (neuron-specific class III β-tubulin), calcitonin gene-related peptide, and neuropeptide Y in combination with the lectin from Lycopersicon esculentum as a marker for blood vessels. Staining was indicative of both sensory and sympathetic fibers. Innervation density was the highest in lateral areas, intermediate in dorsal areas, and the lowest in ventral areas. In the dorsal longitudinal ligament (DLL), the highest innervation density was observed in the lateral regions. Innervation was lower at mid-vertebral levels than at intervertebral levels. The presence of sensory and sympathetic fibers in the canine dura and DLL suggests that pain may originate from both these structures. Due to these regional differences in sensory innervation patterns, trauma to intervertebral DLL and lateral dura is expected to be particularly painful. The results ought to provide a better basis for the assessment of medicinal and surgical procedures.
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Zhu Z, Liu Z, Liu J, Bi M, Yang T, Wang J. Proteomic profiling of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells upon transforming LIM mineralization protein-1 stimulation. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:285-97. [PMID: 24468833 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) can differentiate into different types of cells and thus have tremendous potential for cell therapy and tissue engineering. LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1) plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation, maturation and bone formation. To determine a global effect of LMP-1 on hPDMSCs, we designed a study using a proteomic approach combined with adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of LMP-1 to identify LMP-1-induced changes in hPDMSCs on proteome level. We have generated proteome maps of undifferentiated hPDMSCs and LMP-1 induced hPDMSCs. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed 22 spots with at least 2.0-fold changes in expression and 15 differently expressed proteins were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. The proteins regulated by LMP-1 included cytoskeletal proteins, cadmium-binding proteins, and metabolic proteins, etc. The expression of some identified proteins was confirmed by further Western blot analyses. Our results will play an important role in better elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism in LMP-1 included hPDMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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31
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Kim EY, Lee KB, Yu J, Lee JH, Kim KJ, Han KW, Park KS, Lee DS, Kim MK. Neuronal cell differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells originating from canine amniotic fluid. Hum Cell 2013; 27:51-8. [PMID: 24166061 PMCID: PMC3964299 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-013-0080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The amniotic fluid contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and can be readily available for tissue engineering. Regenerative treatments such as tissue engineering, cell therapy, and transplantation show potential in clinical trials of degenerative diseases. Disease presentation and clinical responses in the Canis familiaris not only are physiologically similar to human compared with other traditional mammalian models but is also a suitable model for human diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether canine amniotic-fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAF-MSCs) can differentiate into neural precursor cells in vitro when exposed to neural induction reagent. During neural differentiation, cAF-MSCs progressively acquire neuron-like morphology. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of neural-specific genes, such as NEFL, NSE, and TUBB3 (βIII-tubulin) dramatically increased in the differentiated cAF-MSCs after induction. In addition, protein expression levels of nestin, βIII-tubulin, and tyrosine hydroxylase remarkably increased in differentiated cAF-MSCs. This study demonstrates that cAF-MSCs have great potential for neural precursor differentiation in vitro. Therefore, amniotic fluid may be a suitable alternative source of stem cells and can be applied to cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Physiology, Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Messerli M, Wagner A, Sager R, Mueller M, Baumann M, Surbek DV, Schoeberlein A. Stem cells from umbilical cord Wharton's jelly from preterm birth have neuroglial differentiation potential. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:1455-64. [PMID: 23670950 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113488443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to determine the neuroglial differentiation potential of human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) from preterm birth when compared to term delivery. STUDY DESIGN The WJ-MSCs from umbilical cords of preterm birth and term controls were isolated and induced into neural progenitors. The cells were analyzed for neuroglial markers by flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Independent of gestational age, a subset of WJ-MSC displayed the neural progenitor cell markers Nestin and Musashi-1 and the mature neural markers microtubule-associated protein 2, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and myelin basic protein. Neuroglial induction of WJ-MSCs from term and preterm birth resulted in the enhanced transcription of Nestin and Musashi-1. CONCLUSIONS Undifferentiated WJ-MSCs from preterm birth express neuroglial markers and can be successfully induced into neural progenitors similar to term controls. Their potential use as cellular graft in neuroregenerative therapy for peripartum brain injury in preterm birth has to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Messerli
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
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Kim KS, Kim HS, Park JM, Kim HW, Park MK, Lee HS, Lim DS, Lee TH, Chopp M, Moon J. Long-term immunomodulatory effect of amniotic stem cells in an Alzheimer's disease model. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2408-20. [PMID: 23623603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) plays a major role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and neuroinflammatory processes mediated by Aβ plaque-induced microglial cells and astrocytes contribute to AD pathogenesis. The present study examined human placenta amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs), which have potent immunomodulatory and paracrine effects in a Tg2576 (APPswe) transgenic mouse model of AD. AMSCs secreted high levels of transforming growth factor-β under in vitro inflammatory environment conditions. Six weeks after the intravenous injection of AMSCs, APPswe mice showed evidence of improved spatial learning, which significantly correlated with the observation of fewer Aβ plaques in brain. The number of ED1-positive phagocytic microglial cells associated with Aβ plaques was higher in AMSC-injected mice than in phosphate-buffered saline-injected mice, and the level of Aβ-degrading enzymes (matrix metallopeptidase-9 and insulin-degrading enzyme) was also significantly higher. Furthermore, the level of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α, was lower and that of anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β, was higher in AMSC-injected mice than phosphate-buffered saline-injected mice. These effects lasted until 12 weeks after AMSC injection. Taken together, these results collectively suggest that injection of AMSCs might show significant long-lasting improvement in AD pathology and memory function via immunomodulatory and paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sul Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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Leyva-Leyva M, Barrera L, López-Camarillo C, Arriaga-Pizano L, Orozco-Hoyuela G, Carrillo-Casas EM, Calderón-Pérez J, López-Díaz A, Hernandez-Aguilar F, González-Ramírez R, Kawa S, Chimal-Monroy J, Fuentes-Mera L. Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Subpopulations from Human Amniotic Membrane with Dissimilar Osteoblastic Potential. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1275-87. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, México, México
| | - Lourdes Barrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, México, México
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica y Proteómica del Cáncer, Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, México, México
| | - Lourdes Arriaga-Pizano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, IMSS, México, México
| | - Gabriel Orozco-Hoyuela
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, México
| | - Erika M. Carrillo-Casas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, México, México
| | - Jaime Calderón-Pérez
- División de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, México, México
| | - Annia López-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, México, México
| | - Felipe Hernandez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, México, México
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, México, México
| | - Simón Kawa
- Comisión Nacional de Bioética, México, México
| | - Jesús Chimal-Monroy
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, México
| | - Lizeth Fuentes-Mera
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, México, México
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Makhoul G, Chiu RCJ, Cecere R. Placental mesenchymal stem cells: a unique source for cellular cardiomyoplasty. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 95:1827-33. [PMID: 23541427 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In coronary heart disease, the use of stem cells for regeneration purposes has been broadly studied. Whereas bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells remain the most extensively investigated, other cell sources have been reported. Here we discuss and compare the characteristics of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a novel alternative cell source for cellular cardiomyoplasty. These cells are isolated from the human term placenta, which is normally discarded post partum. With their lack of ethical conflicts and young age, the readily available placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells could be more suitable for myocardial regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Makhoul
- Divisions of Cardiac and Experimental Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Hong JS, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Kim JS, Lee J, Jin M, El Azzamy H, Lee DC, Topping V, Ahn S, Jacques S, Qureshi F, Chaiworapongsa T, Hassan SS, Korzeniewski SJ, Than NG, Kim CJ. "Trophoblast islands of the chorionic connective tissue" (TICCT): a novel placental histologic feature. Placenta 2013; 34:360-8. [PMID: 23453248 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We found isolated or clustered trophoblasts in the chorionic connective tissue of the extraplacental membranes, and defined this novel histologic feature as the "trophoblast islands of the chorionic connective tissue" (TICCT). This study was conducted to determine the clinical significance of TICCT. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin-7 was performed on the chorioamniotic membranes (N = 2155) obtained from singleton pregnancies of 1199 uncomplicated term and 956 preterm deliveries. The study groups comprised 1236 African-American and 919 Hispanic women. Gestational age ranged from 24(+0) weeks to 41(+6) weeks. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the magnitude of association between patient characteristics and the presence of TICCT. RESULTS The likelihood of TICCT was significantly associated with advancing gestational age both in term (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.16-1.45, p < 0.001) and preterm deliveries (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.32, p = 0.001) . Hispanic women were less likely than African-American women to have TICCT across gestation in term (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.18-0.31, p < 0.001) and preterm pregnancies (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.29-0.58, p < 0.001). Women with a female fetus were significantly more likely to have TICCT than women with a male fetus, in both term (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.28-2.11, p < 0.001) and preterm gestations (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.46-2.85, p < 0.001). TICCT was 40% less frequent in the presence of chronic placental inflammation [term (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.81, p = 0.001) and preterm gestations (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40-0.84, p = 0.003)] and in parous women at term (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44-0.81, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the duration of pregnancy, fetal sex, and parity may influence the behavior of extravillous trophoblast and placental mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-S Hong
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Keverne EB. Importance of the matriline for genomic imprinting, brain development and behaviour. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20110327. [PMID: 23166391 PMCID: PMC3539356 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian brain development commences during foeto-placental development and is strongly influenced by the epigenetic regulation of imprinted genes. The foetal placenta exerts considerable influence over the functioning of the adult maternal hypothalamus, and this occurs at the same time as the foetus itself is developing a hypothalamus. Thus, the action and interaction of two genomes in one individual, the mother, has provided a template for co-adaptive functions across generations that are important for maternal care and resource transfer, while co-adaptively shaping the mothering capabilities of each subsequent generation. The neocortex is complex, enabling behavioural diversity and cultural learning such that human individuals are behaviourally unique. Retrotransposons may, in part, be epigenetic mediators of such brain diversity. Interestingly some imprinted genes are themselves retrotransposon-derived, and retrotransposon silencing by DNA methylation is thought to have contributed to the evolutionary origins of imprint control regions. The neocortex has evolved to be adaptable and sustain both short-term and long-term synaptic connections that underpin learning and memory. The adapted changes are not themselves inherited, but the predisposing mechanisms for such epigenetic changes are heritable. This provides each generation with the same ability to make new adaptations while constrained by a transgenerational knowledge-based predisposition to preserve others.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Keverne
- Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Madingley, Cambridge CB23 8AA, UK.
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Li P, Sun H, Du M, Fa Z, Qin K, Xu W, Zhang R, Chen L, Yao C, Xiao Z, Zhang S, Ke Y, Jiang X. Adult rat hippocampus soluble factors: a novel transplantation model mimicking intracranial microenvironment for tracing the induction and differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2012; 542:5-11. [PMID: 23103714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial transplantation of ADSCs induces recovery of CNS diseases, but how they develop in host is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to observe induction and differentiation of ADSCs in the presence of hippocampus soluble factors (HiSF) extracted from the hippocampus of adult Wistar rats to mimic an intracranial microenvironment. To determine the optimal microenvironment, five conditions were tested: 0μg/ml (as control), 50μg/ml, 100μg/ml, 200μg/ml, and 400μg/ml of HiSF. The number of neurospheres was significantly higher in 200μg/ml group than in other groups on the sixth day. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that the neurospheres induced from ADSCs in 200μg/ml group expressed both nestin and CD133, which are more highly expressed in neurospheres than in ADSCs. This result was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Quantitative PCR revealed that the mRNA levels of nestin and CD133 in the neurospheres were 145- and 220-fold higher, respectively, than those in ADSCs. In the presence of 200μg/ml HiSF and 1% FBS, the neurospheres can further differentiate into Schwann-like cells which expressing characteristic markers GFAP, S100 and P75 NGFR. These data indicated that HiSF, mimicking a destination of ADSCs transplanted model in vitro, could effectively induce and differentiate neurospheres, representing a new method to obtain NSCs and Schwann-like cells from ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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Wagner AM, Krenger W, Suter E, Ben Hassem D, Surbek DV. High acceptance rate of hybrid allogeneic-autologous umbilical cord blood banking among actual and potential Swiss donors. Transfusion 2012; 53:1510-9. [PMID: 23067293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two competitive concepts of umbilical cord blood (UCB) banking are currently available: either allogeneic UCB is donated to a public bank or autologous cells are stored in a private bank. Allogeneic-autologous hybrid banking is a new concept that combines these two approaches. However, acceptance of hybrid UCB banking among potential donors is unknown to date. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In a prospective survey, we aimed to establish the acceptance of the hybrid banking model among actual and potential UCB donors in Switzerland. The study groups consisted of parents and pregnant women with or without children. As control group, women at reproductive ages were investigated. RESULTS The majority of participants agreed fundamentally with UCB donation, and overall acceptance of private banking was 47%. If a possibility for hybrid banking were to be made available, 49% would opt for such a public-private model and only 13% would choose private banking alone. Among the proponents of hybrid banking, a majority of participants chose donor cell splitting over the sequential banking mode. Fifty-six percent of responders wished prior notification before the release of their donated UCB to a foreign recipient. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study which compared the acceptance of allogeneic, autologous, and hybrid allogeneic-autologous UCB banking in different target groups. We demonstrated that hybrid cord blood banking is the preferred model of banking among actual and potential UCB donors. With increasing demand for UCB in the future, health care providers should therefore consider offering hybrid banking as a viable storage option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Margaretha Wagner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Jones GN, Moschidou D, Puga-Iglesias TI, Kuleszewicz K, Vanleene M, Shefelbine SJ, Bou-Gharios G, Fisk NM, David AL, De Coppi P, Guillot PV. Ontological differences in first compared to third trimester human fetal placental chorionic stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43395. [PMID: 22962584 PMCID: PMC3433473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) isolated from fetal tissues hold promise for use in tissue engineering applications and cell-based therapies, but their collection is restricted ethically and technically. In contrast, the placenta is a potential source of readily-obtainable stem cells throughout pregnancy. In fetal tissues, early gestational stem cells are known to have advantageous characteristics over neonatal and adult stem cells. Accordingly, we investigated whether early fetal placental chorionic stem cells (e-CSC) were physiologically superior to their late gestation fetal chorionic counterparts (l-CSC). We showed that e-CSC shared a common phenotype with l-CSC, differentiating down the osteogenic, adipogenic and neurogenic pathways, and containing a subset of cells endogenously expressing NANOG, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4, as well as an array of genes expressed in pluripotent stem cells and primordial germ cells, including CD24, NANOG, SSEA4, SSEA3, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, STELLA, FRAGILIS, NANOS3, DAZL and SSEA1. However, we showed that e-CSC have characteristics of an earlier state of stemness compared to l-CSC, such as smaller size, faster kinetics, uniquely expressing OCT4A variant 1 and showing higher levels of expression of NANOG, SOX2, c-MYC and KLF4 than l-CSC. Furthermore e-CSC, but not l-CSC, formed embryoid bodies containing cells from the three germ layer lineages. Finally, we showed that e-CSC demonstrate higher tissue repair in vivo; when transplanted in the osteogenesis imperfecta mice, e-CSC, but not l-CSC increased bone quality and plasticity; and when applied to a skin wound, e-CSC, but not l-CSC, accelerated healing compared to controls. Our results provide insight into the ontogeny of the stemness phenotype during fetal development and suggest that the more primitive characteristics of early compared to late gestation fetal chorionic stem cells may be translationally advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma N. Jones
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dafni Moschidou
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katarzyna Kuleszewicz
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maximilien Vanleene
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - George Bou-Gharios
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M. Fisk
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna L. David
- Prenatal Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Surgery Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pascale V. Guillot
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Müller MM, Middelanis J, Meier C, Surbek D, Berger R. 17β-estradiol protects 7-day old rats from acute brain injury and reduces the number of apoptotic cells. Reprod Sci 2012; 20:253-61. [PMID: 22875845 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112452471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test a possible neuroprotective activity of 17β-estradiol in the neonatal rat brain exposed to hypoxic-ischemia (controlled hypoxia after unilateral carotid artery ligation). METHODS Seven-day-old Wistar rats underwent ligation of the left common carotid artery followed by 80 minutes hypoxia in 8% oxygen inducing an ipsilateral brain damage. Seven days later (d14), brains were analyzed quantitatively using a macroscopic and microscopic score for structural damage, hemisphere volumes were calculated, and immunohistochemistry for cleaved-caspase-3 (marker for apoptotic cells) was performed. Animals from the study group (n = 19) received 17β-estradiol (0.05 µg/g body weight intraperitoneally) before (-64, -40, and -16 hours) and after (+3 hours) the hypoxia (hour 0: start of the hypoxia) and the control group (n = 21) received mock treatment. RESULTS Of the 21 pups, 13 in the NaCl group had macroscopically a severe brain damage and 7 of 19 animals in the study group encountered only discrete to mild lesions. Microscopic brain damage in the study group was significantly lower (score 1.5 ± 0.7 vs 2.8 ± 0.8, P < .05). The determined volumes of the affected hemisphere were significantly lower in the NaCl group than in the treatment group. The numbers of apoptotic cells in both hemispheres was equal in the estradiol group, but in the control group, there were significantly more apoptotic cells in the affected hemisphere (control group: ipsilateral: 1435 ± 653 vs contralateral: 143 ± 57 cells, P < .05). DISCUSSION 17β-Estradiol protects newborn rat brains from hypoxic-ischemic injury, in terms of both microscopic cell injury and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Müller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Jaramillo-Ferrada PA, Wolvetang EJ, Cooper-White JJ. Differential mesengenic potential and expression of stem cell-fate modulators in mesenchymal stromal cells from human-term placenta and bone marrow. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3234-42. [PMID: 22105866 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Placenta has attracted increasing attention over the past decade as a stem cell source for regenerative medicine. In particular, the amniochorionic membrane has been shown to harbor populations of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). In this study, we have characterized ex vivo expanded MSCs from the human amniotic (hAMSCs) and chorionic (hCMSCs) membranes of human full-term placentas and adult bone marrow (hBMSCs). Our results show that hAMSCs, hCMSCs, and hBMSCs express typical mesenchymal (CD73, CD90, CD105, CD44, CD146, CD166) and pluripotent (Oct-4, Sox2, Nanog, Lin28, and Klf4) markers but not hematopoietic markers (CD45, CD34). Ex vivo expanded hAMSCs were found to be of fetal origin, while hCMSCs cultures contained only maternal cells. Cell proliferation was significantly higher in hCMSCs, compared to hAMSCs and hBMSCs. Integrin profiling revealed marked differences in the expression of α subunits between the three cell sources. Cadherin receptors were consistently expressed on a subset of progenitors (ranging from 1% to 60%), while N-CAM (CD56) was only expressed in hAMSCs and hCMSCs but not in hBMSCs. When induced to differentiate, hAMSCs and hCMSCs displayed strong chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential but very limited capacity for adipogenic conversion. In contrast, hBMSCs showed strong differentiation potential along the three lineages. These results illustrate how MSCs from different ontological sources display differential expression of cell-fate mediators and mesodermal differentiation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Jaramillo-Ferrada
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory, Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
Fundamental aspects of mammalian brain evolution occurred in the context of viviparity and placentation brought about by the epigenetic regulation of imprinted genes. Since the fetal placenta hormonally primes the maternal brain, two genomes in one individual are transgenerationally co-adapted to ensure maternal care and nurturing. Advanced aspects of neocortical brain evolution has shown very few genetic changes between monkeys and humans. Although these lineages diverged at approximately the same time as the rat and mouse (20 million years ago), synonymous sequence divergence between the rat and mouse is double that when comparing monkey with human sequences. Paradoxically, encephalization of rat and mouse are remarkably similar, while comparison of the human and monkey shows the human cortex to be three times the size of the monkey. This suggests an element of genetic stability between the brains of monkey and man with a greater emphasis on epigenetics providing adaptable variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Keverne
- Sub-Department of Animal Behavior, University of Cambridge, Madingley, Cambridge CB23 8AA, UK.
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Sitras V, Fenton C, Paulssen R, Vårtun Å, Acharya G. Differences in gene expression between first and third trimester human placenta: a microarray study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33294. [PMID: 22442682 PMCID: PMC3307733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human placenta is a rapidly developing organ that undergoes structural and functional changes throughout the pregnancy. Our objectives were to investigate the differences in global gene expression profile, the expression of imprinted genes and the effect of smoking in first and third trimester normal human placentas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Placental samples were collected from 21 women with uncomplicated pregnancies delivered at term and 16 healthy women undergoing termination of pregnancy at 9-12 weeks gestation. Placental gene expression profile was evaluated by Human Genome Survey Microarray v.2.0 (Applied Biosystems) and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Almost 25% of the genes spotted on the array (n = 7519) were differentially expressed between first and third trimester placentas. Genes regulating biological processes involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation and angiogenesis were up-regulated in the first trimester; whereas cell surface receptor mediated signal transduction, G-protein mediated signalling, ion transport, neuronal activities and chemosensory perception were up-regulated in the third trimester. Pathway analysis showed that brain and placenta might share common developmental routes. Principal component analysis based on the expression of 17 imprinted genes showed a clear separation of first and third trimester placentas, indicating that epigenetic modifications occur throughout pregnancy. In smokers, a set of genes encoding oxidoreductases were differentially expressed in both trimesters. CONCLUSIONS Differences in global gene expression profile between first and third trimester human placenta reflect temporal changes in placental structure and function. Epigenetic rearrangements in the human placenta seem to occur across gestation, indicating the importance of environmental influence in the developing feto-placental unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Sitras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
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45
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Sharma AK. An examination of regenerative medicine-based strategies for the urinary bladder. Regen Med 2012; 6:583-98. [PMID: 21916594 DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients that are afflicted with dysfunctional urinary bladders due to developmental defect, trauma or malignant transformation have limited treatment options that would allow for complete recapitulation of the urinary bladder. Hence, novel tissue engineering techniques that are successful in regenerating functional urinary bladder tissue for replacement therapy would be invaluable. Current tissue engineering techniques are hampered by several problems including choice of appropriate cell type, inadequate development of new blood vessels to the regenerated tissue, tissue innervation and primitive bioscaffold design. This article describes the recent advances in stem cell biology and the material sciences to address these problems, and attempts to improve upon current tissue engineering techniques to make successful regeneration of urinary bladder tissue a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Sharma
- Children's Memorial Hospital of Chicago, Division of Pediatric Urology, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
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Abstract
The potential impact of stem cell technology on medical and dental practice is vast. Stem cell research will not only provide the foundation for future therapies, but also reveal unique insights into basic disease mechanisms. Therefore, an understanding of stem cell technology will be necessary for clinicians in the future. Herein, we give a basic overview of stem cell biology and therapeutics for the practicing clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leventhal
- Center for Molecular Medicine,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-CRC, Room 5-3132, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
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Schoeberlein A, Mueller M, Reinhart U, Sager R, Messerli M, Surbek DV. Homing of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells after perinatal intracerebral transplantation in a rat model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 205:277.e1-6. [PMID: 22071064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess early homing of placenta-derived stem cells after perinatal intracerebral transplantation in rats. STUDY DESIGN Neonatal Wistar rats (2-4 days old) were anesthetized, and 250,000 human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) injected into the lateral ventricle or the paraventricular white matter using a stereotactic frame. Donor MSC were detected by immunohistochemistry using an antihuman HLA-ABC antibody. RESULTS In all, 84% of the animals survived the transplantation. Donor cells were detected in the brain ventricle 1-2 hours posttransplantation. After 4 hours, donor cells migrated throughout the ventricular system. At 1-4 weeks after transplantation, some cells had migrated into the periventricular white matter. CONCLUSION Human placenta-derived MSC were successfully transplanted into the lateral ventricles of neonatal rats. Donor cells survived, homed, and migrated in the recipient brains. Proliferation and differentiation analysis and functional tests will assess the therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation.
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Perinatal sources of mesenchymal stem cells: Wharton's jelly, amnion and chorion. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2011; 16:493-514. [PMID: 21786036 PMCID: PMC6275796 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-011-0019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, stem cell biology has become an interesting topic, especially in the context of treating diseases and injuries using transplantation therapy. Several varieties of human stem cells have been isolated and identified in vivo and in vitro. Ideally, stem cells for regenerative medical application should be found in abundant quantities, harvestable in a minimally invasive procedure, then safely and effectively transplanted to either an autologous or allogenic host. The two main groups of stem cells, embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells, have been expanded to include perinatal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells from perinatal tissue may be particularly useful in the clinic for autologous transplantation for fetuses and newborns, and after banking in later stages of life, as well as for in utero transplantation in case of genetic disorders.This review highlights the characteristics and therapeutic potential of three human mesenchymal stem cell types obtained from perinatal sources: Wharton's jelly, the amnion, and the chorion.
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Mohr S, Portmann-Lanz CB, Schoeberlein A, Sager R, Surbek DV. Generation of an osteogenic graft from human placenta and placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Reprod Sci 2011; 17:1006-15. [PMID: 20940246 DOI: 10.1177/1933719110377471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the feasibility of generating a biodegradable, stem cell-loaded osteogenic composite graft from human placenta. Initially, a scaffold from human chorion membrane was produced. Human placenta mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from either first-trimester chorionic villi or term chorion membrane were differentiated osteogenically on this scaffold. Outgrowth, adherence, and osteogenic differentiation of cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), scanning electron microscopy, protein expression, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our results showed that a cell-free extracellular matrix scaffold can be generated from human chorion. Seeded MSCs densely adhered to that scaffold and were osteogenically differentiated. Calcium and alkaline phosphatase were detected in the cell-scaffold constructs as a proof of mineralization and findings were confirmed by IHC and RT-PCR results. This study shows for the first time that generation of an osteogenic composite graft using placental tissue is feasible. It might allow therapeutic application of autologous or allogeneic grafts in congenital skeletal defects by means of a composite graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mohr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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50
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Ben-Ami E, Berrih-Aknin S, Miller A. Mesenchymal stem cells as an immunomodulatory therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:410-5. [PMID: 21256250 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic, multipotent progenitor cells which can be isolated from various human adult tissues. In recent years, MSCs have been shown to possess broad immunoregulatory capabilities, modulating both adaptive and innate immunity. This review discusses the documented immunomodulatory capabilities of the MSCs, the possible mechanisms underlying these functions and presents the potential of using this stem cell-based approach as an immunomodulatory tool for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Ben-Ami
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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