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Jarlhelt I, Hansen CB, Pérez-Alós L, Weihe P, Petersen MS, Garred P. SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD and anti-N protein responses are differentially regulated between mother-child pairs: insight from a national study cohort at the Faroe Islands. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1418678. [PMID: 39021574 PMCID: PMC11251900 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1418678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics in neonates and direct comparisons with maternal antibody responses are not well established. This study aimed to characterize and directly compare the maternal and infant antibody response in a national birth cohort from the Faroe Islands. Methods The levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein and the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of SARS-CoV-2 were investigated in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood from neonates. The study included 537 neonates and 565 mothers from the Faroe Islands, and follow-up samples were collected 12 months after birth. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess associations of maternal parameters with maternal and neonatal Ig levels and pregnancy outcomes. Results The finding showed that neonates acquired varying levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through transplacental transfer, and the levels were significantly influenced by the mother's vaccination and infection status. The study also found that maternal vaccination and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting spike RBD were associated with gestational age and APGAR scores. Furthermore, the anti-RBD and -N protein-specific antibody response dynamics during 12 months after birth exhibited differences between mothers and children. RBD and N protein responses were maintained at follow-up in the mother's cohort, while only the N protein response was maintained at follow-up in the children's cohort. Conclusion In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in newborns rely on maternal immunity, while the persistence of SARS-CoV-2-specific Igs appears to be differently regulated between mothers and children. The study provides new insights into the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in newborns and underscores the nuanced relationship between maternal factors and neonatal humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Jarlhelt
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Muñoz-Gómez MJ, Martin-Vicente M, Vigil-Vazquez S, Carrasco I, Lobo AH, Mas V, Vázquez M, Manzanares A, Cano O, Zamora C, Alonso R, Sepulveda-Crespo D, Tarancon-Diez L, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Muñoz-Chapuli M, Resino S, Navarro ML, Martinez I. IgG antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in mother-child dyads after COVID-19 vaccination. Infection 2024; 52:813-824. [PMID: 37898587 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG) in vaccinated mothers and their infants at delivery and 2-3 months of age. METHODS We conducted a prospective study on mothers who received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BNT162b2, Moderna mRNA-1273, or Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S) during pregnancy and on their infants. The baseline was at the time of delivery (n = 93), and the end of follow-up was 2 to 3 months post-partum (n = 53). Serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG titers and ACE2 binding inhibition levels were quantified by immunoassays. RESULTS Mothers and infants had high anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG titers against the B.1 lineage at birth. However, while antibody titers were maintained at 2-3 months post-partum in mothers, they decreased significantly in infants (p < 0.001). Positive and significant correlations were found between anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG titers and ACE2-binding inhibition levels in mothers and infants at birth and 2-3 months post-partum (r > 0.8, p < 0.001). Anti-S antibodies were also quantified for the Omicron variant at 2-3 months post-partum. The antibody titers against Omicron were significantly lower in mothers and infants than those against B.1 (p < 0.001). Again, a positive correlation was observed for Omicron between IgG titers and ACE2-binding inhibition both in mothers (r = 0.818, p < 0.001) and infants (r = 0.386, p < 0.005). Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination near delivery positively impacted anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG levels. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce high anti-SARS-CoV-2 S titers in pregnant women, which can inhibit the binding of ACE2 to protein S and are efficiently transferred to the fetus. However, there was a rapid decrease in antibody levels at 2 to 3 months post-partum, particularly in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Muñoz-Gómez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martin-Vicente
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Vigil-Vazquez
- Sevicio de Neonatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Carrasco
- Sevicio de Neonatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Hernanz Lobo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Infectología Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Mas
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Vázquez
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Manzanares
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Cano
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Zamora
- Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Alonso
- Departamento de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Sepulveda-Crespo
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Tarancon-Diez
- Laboratorio de InmunoBiología Molecular, Sección de Inmunología. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratorio de InmunoBiología Molecular, Sección de Inmunología. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Muñoz-Chapuli
- Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Luisa Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Infectología Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro Martinez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang D, Liu S, Peng B, Shi X, Weng T, Fang D, Lu L, Meng X, Xiong H, Zhang X, Qu J, Zhong J, Wang P. Effects of the timing of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination status on placental transfer of antibodies to neonates: A cross-sectional study. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 146:107098. [PMID: 38762044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of timing of maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination status on placental transfer of antibodies to neonates. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, chemiluminescence was employed to measure SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers in paired maternal-infant samples from women infected during pregnancy who were vaccinated or unvaccinated. Generalized linear regression assessed factors affecting antibody transfer in infected pregnant women and neonatal titers. RESULTS The group with ≥90 days between infection and delivery showed a higher antibody transfer rate than the <90 days group (β= 0.33, 95%CI: 0.01-0.65). Neonatal IgG titers correlated significantly with maternal titers and with maternal infections more than 90 days before delivery. Among infected pregnant women, those who had received 2 or 3 doses of vaccine before pregnancy had higher neonatal antibody titers than those who were not vaccinated (β = 57.70, 95%CI: 31.33-84.07). CONCLUSION Neonates born to pregnant women who were vaccinated before infection showed higher antibody titers than neonates of pregnant women who were not vaccinated before infection. The transfer rate is higher in pregnant women with ≥90 days from infection to delivery than in those with <90 days. These findings highlight the importance of timely maternal vaccination to optimize maternal and infant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingsong Weng
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Dajun Fang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijie Lu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Husheng Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.
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Abu Shqara R, Frank Wolf M, Mikhail Mustafa S, Sgayer I, Assulyn T, Abu Zraki A, Askhar Majadla N, Rechnizter H, Shehadeh M, Fleisher Sheffer V, Bordeynik-Cohen M, Yakir O, Lowenstein L, Sela E, Edelstein M, Dror AA. Maternal and Cord Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG following COVID-19 Vaccination versus Infection during Pregnancy: A Prospective Study, Israel October 2021-March 2022. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e1935-e1943. [PMID: 37164317 DOI: 10.1055/a-2090-5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Defining how pregnant women respond to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination is critical to optimize vaccination strategies that protect mother and infant at the epidemic. This study aimed to compare anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) of vaccinated versus infected women and to determine the optimal timing of maternal vaccination during pregnancy at the time of epidemic. STUDY DESIGN We collected maternal/cord blood at delivery (October 2021-March 2022) and measured anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike IgG geometric mean concentrations (IgG-GMCs) using a quantitative immunoassay. We compared groups according to timing and number of doses and correlated maternal and fetal IgG levels. We described the proportion of women with IgG levels above the 150 AU/mL positivity threshold according to the timing of infection/vaccination and performed a subanalysis for maternal IgG-GMC levels pre- and during the Omicron wave. RESULTS We included 238 vaccinated women, 125 who received two doses and 113 three doses, and 48 unvaccinated infected women. All groups infected/vaccinated in the second or third trimester had an IgG-GMC above the positivity threshold. Third-trimester vaccination (second/third dose) resulted in higher maternal and cord-blood IgG-GMC compared to the second trimester (maternal-IgG: 102,32 vs. 4,325 AU/mL, p < 0.001; cord-IgG: 12,113 vs. 8,112 AU/mL, p < 0.001). Compared with infected-only women, a higher proportion of vaccinated women with ≥2 doses and their newborns had IgG levels above the positivity threshold at all time points. In vaccinated women, there were higher maternal IgG-GMC levels during the Omicron wave than pre-Omicron. CONCLUSION At the time of epidemic, receiving an additional COVID-19 vaccine dose in the third trimester resulted in a higher IgG-GMC compared to the second trimester. Relatively higher levels of maternal and cord IgG-GMC were achieved following vaccination than infection. Women infected during or before the first trimester might benefit from an additional third-trimester dose to prevent peripartum infection and to passively immunize their newborn. The higher levels of maternal IgG-GMC in the Omicron period are suggestive of hybrid immunity. KEY POINTS · Higher maternal anti-SARS-IgGs in vaccinated → infected.. · Higher cord anti-SARS-IgGs in vaccinated → infected.. · Third-trimester vaccine resulted in high-cord IgG levels..
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Affiliation(s)
- Raneen Abu Shqara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Maya Frank Wolf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Susana Mikhail Mustafa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Inshirah Sgayer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Tikva Assulyn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Abdallah Abu Zraki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Nadine Askhar Majadla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Hagai Rechnizter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Mona Shehadeh
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Mor Bordeynik-Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Orly Yakir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Lior Lowenstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Eyal Sela
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Amiel A Dror
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Proto A, Agliardi S, Pani A, Renica S, Gazzaniga G, Giossi R, Senatore M, Di Ruscio F, Campisi D, Vismara C, Panetta V, Scaglione F, Martinelli S. COVID-Vaccines in Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Response over the First 9 Months after Delivery. Biomolecules 2024; 14:435. [PMID: 38672452 PMCID: PMC11048428 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated to be safe during gestation. Nevertheless, there are no robust data investigating the entity of maternal antibodies' transmission through the placenta to the newborn and the persistence of the antibodies in babies' serum. The objective of this study is to assess the maternal antibody transmission and kinetics among newborns in the first months of life. Women having received one or two doses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-vaccines during pregnancy at any gestational age, and their newborns, were recruited and followed-up over 9 months. Ninety-eight women and 103 babies were included. At birth, we observed a significant positive correlation between maternal and neonatal serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and a significant negative correlation between the time since last dose and antibody levels in mothers with two doses. Over the follow-up, the birth antibody level significantly decreased in time according to the received doses number at 3, 6, and 9 months. During the follow-up, we registered 34 dyad SARS-CoV-2 infection cases. The decreasing trend was slower in the SARS-CoV-2 infection group and among breastfed non-infected babies. Antibodies from maternal anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are efficiently transferred via the placenta and potentially even through breast milk. Among newborns, antibodies show relevant durability in the first months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Proto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Agliardi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Arianna Pani
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Silvia Renica
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Postgraduate School of Microbiology and Virology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (F,D,R.)
| | - Gianluca Gazzaniga
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Giossi
- Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (M.S.); (D.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Michele Senatore
- Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (M.S.); (D.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Federica Di Ruscio
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Postgraduate School of Microbiology and Virology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (F,D,R.)
| | - Daniela Campisi
- Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (M.S.); (D.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Chiara Vismara
- Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (M.S.); (D.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Valentina Panetta
- L’altrastatisticasrl, Consultancy & Training, Biostatistics Office, 00174 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.)
- Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (M.S.); (D.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Stefano Martinelli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.)
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Vetter-Laracy S, Jimenez V, Roldán M, Bernardino M, Balliu-Badia P, Lara P, Arcay RM, Fraile-Ribot P, Vila M, Fanjul F. Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies at delivery and their impact on COVID-19. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:693-702. [PMID: 38326544 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess neonatal SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody levels after maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination and/or infection during pregnancy and evaluate their protective effect. METHODS Prospective observational study, conducted from January 2021 to December 2022. Infants were tested for anti-spike IgG antibodies at birth and then every 3 months until disappearance of titer. A follow-up was done for SARS-CoV-2 infection up to 12 months. RESULTS In total, 147 newborns were enrolled with a median (IQR) gestational age of 39.60 weeks (38.3-40.4). Median (IQR) titers in UA/ml at 2 days were higher (P < .001) in newborns of vaccinated 7063.7 (2841.4-14,448.1), than of infected mothers 372.7 (158.00-884.90). Titers dropped significantly during the follow-up but 50% still had a detectable titer at 6 months. A high antibody titer at 2 days led to a longer persistence (HR 0.89, IC 95% 0.83-0.96, P = .004). In total, 36 infants were infected during the first months of life coinciding with the Omicron variant. Fifty percent had detectable antibodies during the infection period. Relationship between high IgG titers and month of infection was inverse (RHO - 0.52, P = .009). CONCLUSION Though a high antibody titer at birth led to longer persistence, no protective effect against infection was found. As newborns are a high risk group for COVID-19, avoiding transmission during the first year of life is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Vetter-Laracy
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain.
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.
| | - Victoria Jimenez
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Marina Roldán
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Marta Bernardino
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Pere Balliu-Badia
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Paula Lara
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Fraile-Ribot
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Maria Vila
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Francisco Fanjul
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
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7
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Zayoud D, Haddad C, Khachman D, Ajrouche R, Lahoud N. Estimating COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in pregnant and lactating women: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:38. [PMID: 38500217 PMCID: PMC10949662 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic highlights vaccination's critical role in reducing morbidity and mortality, depending on public attitude. This study aims to identify the estimates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in pregnant and lactating women, as well as associated potential factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between August and September 2021, through an online survey and with a paper survey distributed in gynecology and pediatric clinics. Pregnant and breastfeeding women aged 18 years and above were recruited. The attitude scale was created specifically for evaluating attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS In total, 207 women participated, with 132 breastfeeding, 74 pregnant and 1 experiencing both conditions. Of these, one hundred and twenty women (58%) considered themselves at risk for COVID-19 infection. In addition, 51.7% (n = 107) of women expressed the intent to receive the vaccine once available. A multivariable linear regression was conducted taking the COVID-19 vaccination attitude scale as a dependent variable. The results revealed an R-squared value of 0.558, indicating that approximately 55.8% of the variance in the attitude scale was accounted for by the included predictors. The results showed that preventive measures (ß=2.25, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.02; 3.48], p < 0.001), preference for vaccines made in Europe and America (ß=1.23; 95% CI [0.69-1.77], p < 0.001), protect yourself for getting sick (ß=4.22, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [2.83; 5.61], p < 0.001) and belief in the importance of vaccination for themselves and their baby (ß=3.49; 95% CI [2.01; 4.98], p < 0.001) were associated with a positive attitude towards vaccination. Conversely, experiencing a previous bad reaction to a vaccine (ß= -1.35; 95% CI [0.85-1.85], p < 0.001) and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccine safety (ß= -4.09; 95% CI [-5.98; -2.21], p < 0.001) were associated with a negative attitude towards vaccination. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among pregnant and breastfeeding women, amidst the pandemic was insufficient to meet community immunity. The identified reasons for vaccine reluctance, notably concerns about safety for both personal health and the health of their pregnancy or newborns, along with insufficient information about the vaccine, underscore the pressing need to address these factors to improve immunization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Zayoud
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Dalia Khachman
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roula Ajrouche
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Sciences and Arts in Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Lahoud
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
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Lopez PA, Nziza N, Chen T, Shook LL, Burns MD, Demidkin S, Jasset O, Akinwunmi B, Yonker LM, Gray KJ, Elovitz MA, Lauffenburger DA, Julg BD, Edlow AG. Placental transfer dynamics and durability of maternal COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibodies in infants. iScience 2024; 27:109273. [PMID: 38444609 PMCID: PMC10914478 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Completion of a COVID-19 vaccination series during pregnancy effectively reduces COVID-19 hospitalization among infants less than 6 months of age. The dynamics of transplacental transfer of maternal vaccine-induced antibodies, and their persistence in infants at 2, 6, 9, and 12 months, have implications for new vaccine development and optimal timing of vaccine administration in pregnancy. We evaluated anti-COVID antibody IgG subclass, Fc-receptor binding profile, and activity against wild-type Spike and RBD plus five variants of concern (VOCs) in 153 serum samples from 100 infants. Maternal IgG1 and IgG3 responses persisted in 2- and 6-month infants to a greater extent than the other IgG subclasses, with high persistence of antibodies binding placental neonatal Fc-receptor and FcγR3A. Lowest persistence was observed against the Omicron RBD-specific region. Maternal vaccine timing, placental Fc-receptor binding capabilities, antibody subclass, fetal sex, and VOC all impact the persistence of antibodies in infants through 12 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A. Lopez
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nadège Nziza
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tina Chen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lydia L. Shook
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Madeleine D. Burns
- Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatric, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stepan Demidkin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Olyvia Jasset
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Babatunde Akinwunmi
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lael M. Yonker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatric, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Gray
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michal A. Elovitz
- Women’s Biomedical Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Boris D. Julg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrea G. Edlow
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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9
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Chawanpaiboon S, Anuwutnavin S, Kanjanapongporn A, Pooliam J, Titapant V. A qualitative study of pregnant women's perceptions and decision-making regarding COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5128. [PMID: 38429388 PMCID: PMC10907718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
To identify pregnant women's attitudes towards, and acceptance and rejection of, COVID-19 vaccination. This prospective, descriptive, implementation study was conducted in the Antenatal clinic of Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. In Phase I, 40 pregnant women were interviewed. Phase II consisted of questionnaire development and data validation. In Phase III, the questionnaire was administered to 400 participants. Pregnant women's attitudes towards and acceptance and rejection of COVID-19 vaccination. Most pregnant women were uncertain about the potential harm of vaccination to themselves or their unborn child, including risks such as miscarriage or premature birth (59-66/101 [58.4%-65.3%]; OR 2.53-8.33; 95% CI 1.23-3.60, 5.17-19.30; P < 0.001) compared to those who disagreed with vaccination. Their vaccination decisions were significantly influenced by social media information regarding vaccination complications in pregnant women (74/101 [73.3%]; OR 15.95; 95% CI 2.15-118.55; P = 0.001) compared to those who disagreed with vaccination. Most pregnant women opined that they should not receive a COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 6.57; 95% CI 2.44-17.70; P = 0.001). Most also rejected vaccination despite being aware of its benefits (AOR 17.14; 95% CI 6.89-42.62; P < 0.001). Social media messages and obligatory vaccination certifications influence maternal vaccination decisions. Pregnant women believe vaccination helps prevent COVID-19 infection and reduces its severity. Nevertheless, the primary reason for their refusal was concern about potential harm to their unborn child or themselves during pregnancy.The Thai clinical trials registry: TCTR20211126006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifon Chawanpaiboon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Sanitra Anuwutnavin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Attapol Kanjanapongporn
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Julaporn Pooliam
- Clinical Epidemiological Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Vitaya Titapant
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
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10
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Valcarce V, Stafford LS, Neu J, Parker L, Vicuna V, Cross T, D'Agati O, Diakite S, Haley A, Feigenbaum J, Al Mahmoud MY, Visvalingam A, Cacho N, Kosik I, Yewdell JW, Larkin J. COVID-19 booster enhances IgG mediated viral neutralization by human milk in vitro. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1289413. [PMID: 38406184 PMCID: PMC10884187 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1289413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Facilitated by the inability to vaccinate, and an immature immune system, COVID-19 remains a leading cause of death among children. Vaccinated lactating mothers produce specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in their milk, capable of neutralizing the virus in vitro. Our objective for this study is to assess the effect of COVID-19 booster dose on SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentration and viral neutralization in milk, plasma, and infant stool. Methods Thirty-nine mothers and 25 infants were enrolled from December 2020 to May 2022. Milk, maternal plasma, and infants' stool were collected at various time-points up to 12 months following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. A subgroup of 14 mothers received a booster dose. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and their neutralization capacities were assessed. Results Booster vaccination led to significantly higher IgG levels within human milk and breastfed infants' stool. In vitro neutralization of VSV-gfp-SARS-CoV-2-S-gp, a laboratory safe SARS-CoV-2 like pseudovirus, improved following the booster, with a 90% increase in plasma neutralization and a 60% increase in milk neutralization. We found that post-booster neutralization by human milk was highly correlated to SARS-CoV-2 IgG level. In support of our correlation result, Protein G column depletion of IgG in milk yielded a significant reduction in viral neutralization (p = 0.04). Discussion The substantial increase in neutralizing IgG levels in milk and breastfed infants' stool post-booster, coupled with the decrease in milk neutralization capabilities upon IgG depletion, underscores the efficacy of booster doses in augmenting the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Valcarce
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lauren Stewart Stafford
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Josef Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Leslie Parker
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Valeria Vicuna
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tyler Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Olivia D'Agati
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sisse Diakite
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Addison Haley
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jake Feigenbaum
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mahmoud Y. Al Mahmoud
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Anjali Visvalingam
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nicole Cacho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ivan Kosik
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Yewdell
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph Larkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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11
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Craig AM, Pavon CG, Byrd A, Weaver K, Swamy GK, Fouda G, Hughes BL. Delta variant neutralizing antibody response following maternal COVID-19 vaccination. Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:252-254. [PMID: 37689124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The Delta pandemic wave saw increased maternal morbidity and mortality compared to prior viral strains. COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy elicits detectable levels of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 wild type and SARS-CoV-2 Delta variants in both maternal and neonatal samples at delivery. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of vaccination which confers an immunological response against newer, and potentially more dangerous, viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Craig
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC.
| | | | - Alliyah Byrd
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Kristin Weaver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Geeta K Swamy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Brenna L Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
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12
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Martínez-Quezada R, Miguel-Rodríguez CE, Ramírez-Lozada T, Valencia-Ledezma OE, Acosta-Altamirano G. Placental Transfer Efficiency of Neutralizing Antibodies on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination before and after Pregnancy in Mexican Women. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1516. [PMID: 38338795 PMCID: PMC10855582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The protection of the neonate against pathogens depends largely on the antibodies transferred placentally from the mother; for this reason, maternal vaccination against emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, is of vital importance. Knowing some of the immunogenic factors that could alter the placental transfer of antibodies could aid in understanding the immune response and neonatal protection after maternal vaccination. In this study, we analyzed the efficiency of the placental transfer of binding and neutralizing antibodies, as well as some factors that could alter the passive immune response, such as the trimester of gestation at the time of immunization, the number of doses received by the mother and the type of vaccine. Binding IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA, and the detection of neutralizing antibodies was carried out using flow cytometry. Our results show efficient transfer rates (>1), which are higher when maternal vaccination occurs during the third trimester of gestation. Antibodies are detectable in mothers and their neonates after 12 months of maternal immunization, suggesting than the vaccination against COVID-19 before and during pregnancy in the Mexican population induces a lasting neutralizing response in mothers and their newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martínez-Quezada
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (R.M.-Q.); (C.E.M.-R.); (O.E.V.-L.)
- Consejo Mexiquense de Ciencia y Tecnología (COMECYT), Paseo Colón N° 112-A, Ciprés, Toluca 50120, Mexico
| | - Carlos Emilio Miguel-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (R.M.-Q.); (C.E.M.-R.); (O.E.V.-L.)
| | - Tito Ramírez-Lozada
- Unidad de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico;
| | - Omar Esteban Valencia-Ledezma
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (R.M.-Q.); (C.E.M.-R.); (O.E.V.-L.)
| | - Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (R.M.-Q.); (C.E.M.-R.); (O.E.V.-L.)
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13
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Yussuph ZH, Alwy Al-Beity FM, August F, Anaeli A. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women attending public antenatal clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2269777. [PMID: 37942618 PMCID: PMC10653711 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2269777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over six million lives and caused significant morbidities globally. The development and use of COVID-19 vaccines is a key strategy in ending this. There is a general public hesitancy on vaccine uptake, including pregnant women who are at high risk of severe forms of the disease and death when infected with the virus. To determine the magnitude of hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines and the associated factors among pregnant women attending public antenatal clinics in Dar es Salaam. This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted among 896 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at public health facilities in Dar es Salaam. A structured interviewer-based questionnaire, in an electronic form, was used. The analysis was done by a multivariable linear regression model using STATA 16 to obtain factors associated with vaccine hesitancy, and P < .05 was considered significant. The proportion of pregnant women with vaccine hesitancy was 45%. Hesitancy was higher among unemployed pregnant women (AOR 2.16 (95% CI 1.36-3.42) and the self-employed group (AOR 1.62 (95% CI 1.07-2.44). It was also higher among pregnant women with poor attitudes to COVID-19 vaccines (AOR 2.44 (95% CI 1.75-3.39) and women who had low perceived benefits of the vaccines (AOR 2.57 (95% CI 1.83-3.60). COVID-19 vaccine-targeted interventions should aim at the provision of knowledge on COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccine and address poor attitudes and perceptions that pregnant women have on these vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Hassan Yussuph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fadhlun M. Alwy Al-Beity
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Furaha August
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Amani Anaeli
- Department of Development Studies, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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14
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Chen WC, Hu SY, Shen CF, Cheng MH, Hong JJ, Shen CJ, Cheng CM. COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy: Pilot Study for Maternal and Neonatal MicroRNA Profiles. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1814. [PMID: 38140218 PMCID: PMC10747030 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This pilot study explores alterations in miRNA profiles among pregnant women and their neonates upon receiving different doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Blood samples, including maternal blood (MB) and neonatal cord blood (CB), collected from five pregnant women were scrutinized using the miRNA PanelChip Analysis System, identifying nine distinct miRNAs, including miR-451a and miR-1972, which exhibited significant downregulation with two vaccine doses in both MB and CB. When compared with women vaccinated with four doses, miR-486-5p, miR-451a, and miR-1972 in the two-dose group also showed notable downregulation. Evaluating recipients of three and four doses, miR-423-5p and miR-1972 expression were significantly reduced in both MB and CB. Further comparative analysis highlighted a decline in miR-223-3p expression with increasing vaccine doses, while miR15a-5p, miR-16-5p, and miR-423-5p showed an upward trend. Notably, miR-451a, miR-1972, and miR-423-5p levels varied across doses and were associated with pathways such as "PI3K-Akt", "neurotrophin signaling", and "cortisol synthesis", suggesting the profound influence of vaccination on diverse molecular mechanisms. Our research has uncovered that escalating vaccine dosages impact miRNA profiles, which may be associated with the immunological response mechanisms in both the mother and fetus, thus indicating a substantial impact of vaccination on various molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan
- International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Ching-Fen Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Hsiu Cheng
- Taiwan Business Development Department, Inti Taiwan, Inc., Hsinchu 302, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Jun-Jie Hong
- Taiwan Business Development Department, Inti Taiwan, Inc., Hsinchu 302, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Ching-Ju Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
- International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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15
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Trivedi K, Anand S, Atta P, Kujur M, Kujur A, Singh S, Prasad A, Kiran KA. Drivers for COVID 19 vaccine hesitancy among breastfeeding women in Eastern tribal state, India. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:3167-3171. [PMID: 38361909 PMCID: PMC10866274 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_821_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the COVID-19 pandemic age, vaccination hesitancy also known as vaccine refusal is a cause for worry since it hinges on the five Cs of confidence, complacency, convenience, calculation, and shared responsibility. The current study was to pinpoint the elements that contribute to breastfeeding women's hesitation to receive the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tertiary Care Hospital, Ranchi, Jharkhand. Result Out of 365 nursing mothers, 242 (66.3%) were hesitant to get the COVID-19 vaccination. Those who chose not to receive the COVID-19 vaccination mostly belong to those aged 18 to 25 (38.1%), living in rural regions (44.9%), and belonging to non-tribal ethnic groups (41.1%). On application of logistic regression, it was found that rural areas had 3 times higher rate of vaccine hesitancy than urban residents, and that husbands' education levels up to the 12th grade had a 3.55 times higher rate and 5 times agriculture by husband's occupation, which was statistically significant (P value less than 0.05) The most prevalent grounds for rejection were fear of side effects (85.8%) and worry of adverse effects on newborns (83.48%). Conclusion Both husband and wife, who had completed high school and were aware of the vaccination, were fearful of the COVID-19 vaccine. Concerns about the side effects and undesirable effects of vaccination on their newborns were the main reasons for refusal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Trivedi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shikha Anand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Prami Atta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Manisha Kujur
- Department of Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anit Kujur
- Department of Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shashibala Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anupa Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kumari Asha Kiran
- Department of Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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16
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Tudisco R, Garufi C, Rizzo F, Polimeno T, Lanzone A, De Carolis S. Impact of mRNA-based vaccines in the prevention of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy: a single-center cohort study. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1214768. [PMID: 37941978 PMCID: PMC10628479 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1214768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several data have suggested that pregnant women have an increased risk of severe COVID-19 compared to those who are not pregnant. Moreover, different studies have showed that severe COVID-19 is limited mostly to unvaccinated women. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the different maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 according to their vaccination status. A retrospective cohort study was carried out including all women admitted to the high-risk pregnancy unit of our center with COVID-19 between December 2021 and February 2022. Among the 163 women included in the study, 60 were vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine and 103 were unvaccinated. Pregnancy outcome and obstetrical and neonatal complications were encountered. Vaccinated women showed higher educational levels and lower prevalence of cases, with BMI >25 compared to unvaccinated women. Moreover, vaccinated women were admitted mostly for obstetrical indications rather than for COVID-related symptoms. In addition, the risk of developing COVID-19 pneumonia was significantly higher in unvaccinated women (p = 0.01) compared with vaccinated ones. Furthermore, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes showed some differences in the two cohorts. In unvaccinated women, the rate of C-section was higher (p = 0.03), and the mean birthweight percentile in their infants was impaired by COVID-19 infection (p = 0.01) when compared to those born to vaccinated women. Based on these results, we suggest that women who received a full course of vaccination were protected from the severity of the disease, having milder symptoms of SARS-Cov2 infection, while also presenting a more favorable pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Tudisco
- Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Garufi
- Arthritis Center, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Polimeno
- Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanzone
- Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara De Carolis
- Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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17
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Zhu Y, Almeida FJ, Baillie JK, Bowen AC, Britton PN, Brizuela ME, Buonsenso D, Burgner D, Chew KY, Chokephaibulkit K, Cohen C, Cormier SA, Crawford N, Curtis N, Farias CGA, Gilks CF, von Gottberg A, Hamer D, Jarovsky D, Jassat W, Jesus AR, Kemp LS, Khumcha B, McCallum G, Miller JE, Morello R, Munro APS, Openshaw PJM, Padmanabhan S, Phongsamart W, Reubenson G, Ritz N, Rodrigues F, Rungmaitree S, Russell F, Sáfadi MAP, Saner C, Semple MG, Prado da Silva DGB, de Sousa LMM, Diogo Moço Souza M, Spann K, Walaza S, Wolter N, Xia Y, Yeoh DK, Zar HJ, Zimmermann P, Short KR. International Pediatric COVID-19 Severity Over the Course of the Pandemic. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:1073-1084. [PMID: 37603343 PMCID: PMC10442787 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Importance Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged over the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications for COVID-19 severity in children worldwide are unclear. Objective To determine whether the dominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) were associated with differences in COVID-19 severity among hospitalized children. Design, Setting, and Participants Clinical data from hospitalized children and adolescents (younger than 18 years) who were SARS-CoV-2 positive were obtained from 9 countries (Australia, Brazil, Italy, Portugal, South Africa, Switzerland, Thailand, UK, and the US) during 3 different time frames. Time frames 1 (T1), 2 (T2), and 3 (T3) were defined to represent periods of dominance by the ancestral virus, pre-Omicron VOCs, and Omicron, respectively. Age groups for analysis were younger than 6 months, 6 months to younger than 5 years, and 5 to younger than 18 years. Children with an incidental positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 were excluded. Exposures SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization during the stipulated time frame. Main Outcomes and Measures The severity of disease was assessed by admission to intensive care unit (ICU), the need for ventilatory support, or oxygen therapy. Results Among 31 785 hospitalized children and adolescents, the median age was 4 (IQR 1-12) years and 16 639 were male (52.3%). In children younger than 5 years, across successive SARS-CoV-2 waves, there was a reduction in ICU admission (T3 vs T1: risk ratio [RR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42-0.75 [younger than 6 months]; RR, 0.61, 95% CI; 0.47-0.79 [6 months to younger than 5 years]), but not ventilatory support or oxygen therapy. In contrast, ICU admission (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.39, 95% CI, 0.32-0.48), ventilatory support (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.27-0.51), and oxygen therapy (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.70) decreased across SARS-CoV-2 waves in children 5 years to younger than 18 years old. The results were consistent when data were restricted to unvaccinated children. Conclusions and Relevance This study provides valuable insights into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs on the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized children across different age groups and countries, suggesting that while ICU admissions decreased across the pandemic in all age groups, ventilatory and oxygen support generally did not decrease over time in children aged younger than 5 years. These findings highlight the importance of considering different pediatric age groups when assessing disease severity in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Flávia Jacqueline Almeida
- Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Infantil Sabará, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Asha C Bowen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip N Britton
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, the Children's Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School and Sydney Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Danilo Buonsenso
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - David Burgner
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keng Yih Chew
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Nigel Crawford
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Camila G A Farias
- Hospital Infantil Sabará, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles F Gilks
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Diana Hamer
- Our Lady of the Lake Children's Hospital, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Daniel Jarovsky
- Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Infantil Sabará, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waasila Jassat
- Division of the National Health Laboratory Services, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ana Rita Jesus
- Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lisa S Kemp
- Our Lady of the Lake Children's Hospital, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Benjawan Khumcha
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Georgina McCallum
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica E Miller
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosa Morello
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Alasdair P S Munro
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J M Openshaw
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust: London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Srivatsan Padmanabhan
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Tacoma, Washington
- St Joseph Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Wanatpreeya Phongsamart
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gary Reubenson
- Empilweni Service & Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother & Child Hospital, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicole Ritz
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Mycobacterial and Migrant Health Research Group, University of Basel Children's Hospital Basel and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Lucerne and Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues
- Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Supattra Rungmaitree
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fiona Russell
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco A P Sáfadi
- Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Infantil Sabará, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christoph Saner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm G Semple
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Respiratory Medicine, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Institute in The Park, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Kirsten Spann
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sibongile Walaza
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicole Wolter
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yao Xia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel K Yeoh
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, SA- MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Petra Zimmermann
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Chen WC, Hu SY, Shen CF, Chuang HY, Ker CR, Shen CJ, Cheng CM. COVID-19 Bivalent Booster in Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Antibody Response to Omicron BA.5, BQ.1, BF.7 and XBB.1.5 SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1425. [PMID: 37766102 PMCID: PMC10537670 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study was to investigate the effects of bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccination during pregnancy on neutralizing antibody (Nab) levels in maternal blood (MB), transplacental transmission in umbilical cord blood (CB), and efficacy against Omicron SARS-CoV-2 subvariants including BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1, and XBB.1.5. We collected MB and CB from 11 pregnant participants during baby delivery and detected Nab inhibition by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Nab inhibition was 89-94% in MB and 82-89% in CB for Omicron subvariants. Those receiving AZD1222 vaccines in previous monovalent vaccination demonstrated poorer maternal Nab inhibition of BA.5, BQ.1, and XBB.1.5 than others. Poorer maternal Nab inhibition of BA.5, BF.7, and BQ.1 was found in those receiving two-dose AZD1222 vaccinations than with either one or no AZD1222 vaccination. MB from those with infants weighing < 3100 g demonstrated better Nab inhibition of BF.7 than those > 3100 g (97.99 vs. 95.20%, p = 0.048), and there were also similar trends for Nab inhibition of BA.5 and BQ.1. No significant differences were seen in CB samples. Although diminished maternal Nab inhibition was seen in those with previous monovalent AZD1222 vaccination and heavier newborns, neonatal Nab inhibition was still strong after bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan
- International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Ching-Fen Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Yu Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-R.K.)
| | - Chin-Ru Ker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-R.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ju Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-R.K.)
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
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19
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Zhong J, Wang W, Liu S, Chen Y, Xiong H, Meng X, Zhang D, Ma Y. Effectiveness of Maternal Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination against Omicron Infection in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1402. [PMID: 37766080 PMCID: PMC10534404 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of maternal inactivated COVID-19 vaccination before delivery for infants against Omicron infection in Guangzhou, China. A test-negative case-control design was conducted. This study selected infants born from 1 November 2021 to 23 November 2022 and tested for SARS-CoV-2 between 13 April 2022 and 30 November 2022 during outbreaks in Guangzhou. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to compare the maternal vaccination status of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines before delivery in cases and controls to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) for infants within 12 months. According to eligibility criteria, we finally selected 205 test-positive and 114 test-negative infants, as well as their mothers. The effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among fully vaccinated mothers was 48.4% (7.3% to 71.7%) for infants within 12 months, with the effectiveness of partial and booster vaccination showing no significant difference. Effectiveness for full vaccination presented a slight increase according to infants' age at testing, with 49.6% (-12.3% to 78.4%) for 0-6 months and 59.9% (-0.6% to 84.4%) for over 6 months. A greater protective effect of two-dose vaccination was manifested in infants whose mother had received the second dose during the first trimester (65.9%, 95% CI: 7.7% to 87.9%) of pregnancy rather than preconception (43.5%, 95% CI: -8.7% to 71.1%). Moreover, VE could be improved to 77.1% (11.1% to 95.3%) when mothers received two doses both during pregnancy and 91.8% (41.1% to 99.6%) with receipt of a booster dose during pregnancy. Maternal vaccination with two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines before delivery was moderately effective against Omicron infection in infants during the first 12 months of life. Full vaccination or a booster dose during pregnancy could confer better protection against Omicron for infants, although it might be overestimated due to the insufficient sample size in subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Husheng Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
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20
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Karimi H, Mansouri V, Rezaei N. Vertical transmission and maternal passive immunity post-SARS-CoV-2. Future Virol 2023:10.2217/fvl-2023-0089. [PMID: 37822684 PMCID: PMC10564388 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Since 2020, the highly contagious nature and various transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 have rendered the pandemic interminable. Vertical transmission (VT) through the placenta and breast milk, which is frequent for certain virus types, is thought to exist for SARS-CoV-2 and is hypothesized by many researchers. Conversely, antibodies are produced to counteract the effect of viruses. Since newborns' immunologic system cannot produce proper antibodies, maternal antibodies are usually transferred from mother to infant/fetus to meet the need. This theory leads to the hypothesis of transmission of antibodies through the placenta and breast milk following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. This paper further discusses these hypotheses, considering consequences of fetus/infant harm versus benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Karimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14194, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Marchand G, Masoud AT, Grover S, King A, Brazil G, Ulibarri H, Parise J, Arroyo A, Coriell C, Goetz S, Moir C, Govindan M, Moberly A, Proctor A, Sainz K, Blumrick R. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, a systematic review and meta-analysis. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:103. [PMID: 37454153 PMCID: PMC10349851 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with increased pregnancy complications. Despite effective vaccination strategies for the general population, the evidence on the safety and efficacy of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations in pregnancy is limited due to a lack of well-powered studies. The present study compares the maternal, neonatal, and immunological outcomes between vaccinated pregnant and unvaccinated pregnant women using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. We included 37 studies with a total of 141,107 pregnant women (36.8% vaccinated) spread across all outcomes. Our evidence indicates a higher rate of cesarean section in the 1898 vaccinated pregnant women compared to the 6180 women who did not receive vaccination (OR = 1.20, CI = (1.05, 1.38), P = 0.007, I2 = 45%). Regarding immunological outcomes, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy or postpartum was significantly reduced in 6820 vaccinated pregnant women compared to 17,010 unvaccinated pregnant women (OR = 0.25, CI = 0.13-0.48, P < 0.0001, I2 = 61%), as evident from qualitative assessment indicating significantly higher postpartum antibody titers compared to that observed in both unvaccinated mothers and mothers who have recently recovered from a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our analysis represents high quality evidence showing that COVID-19 vaccination effectively raises antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2. This may confer protection against infection during pregnancy and the postpartum period. In addition to being protective against SARS-CoV-2, the vaccine was associated with decreased odds of preterm delivery. Furthermore, COVID-19 vaccination may also be associated with higher odds of cesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Marchand
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA.
| | - Ahmed Taher Masoud
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Center for Human Genetics, Universitatsklinikum Giessen und Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexa King
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Giovanna Brazil
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Hollie Ulibarri
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Julia Parise
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Amanda Arroyo
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | | | - Sydnee Goetz
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Carmen Moir
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Malini Govindan
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Atley Moberly
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Anna Proctor
- University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Katelyn Sainz
- Tucson Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, USA
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22
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Zhao F, Tallarek AC, Wang Y, Xie Y, Diemert A, Lu-Culligan A, Vijayakumar P, Kittmann E, Urbschat C, Bayo J, Arck PC, Farhadian SF, Dveksler GS, Garcia MG, Blois SM. A unique maternal and placental galectin signature upon SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests galectin-1 as a key alarmin at the maternal-fetal interface. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196395. [PMID: 37475853 PMCID: PMC10354452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic imposed a risk of infection and disease in pregnant women and neonates. Successful pregnancy requires a fine-tuned regulation of the maternal immune system to accommodate the growing fetus and to protect the mother from infection. Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, modulate immune and inflammatory processes and have been recognized as critical factors in reproductive orchestration, including maternal immune adaptation in pregnancy. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 (PSG1) is a recently identified gal-1 ligand at the maternal-fetal interface, which may facilitate a successful pregnancy. Several studies suggest that galectins are involved in the immune response in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. However, the galectins and PSG1 signature upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination during pregnancy remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the maternal circulating levels of galectins (gal-1, gal-3, gal-7, and gal-9) and PSG1 in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination or uninfected women who were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 and correlated their expression with different pregnancy parameters. SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination during pregnancy provoked an increase in maternal gal-1 circulating levels. On the other hand, levels of PSG1 were only augmented upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. A healthy pregnancy is associated with a positive correlation between gal-1 concentrations and gal-3 or gal-9; however, no correlation was observed between these lectins during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Transcriptome analysis of the placenta showed that gal-1, gal-3, and several PSG and glycoenzymes responsible for the synthesis of gal-1-binding glycotopes (such as linkage-specific N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferases (MGATs)) are upregulated in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, our findings identify a dynamically regulated "galectin-specific signature" that accompanies the SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in pregnancy, and they highlight a potentially significant role for gal-1 as a key pregnancy protective alarmin during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Tallarek
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yiran Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Diemert
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alice Lu-Culligan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pavithra Vijayakumar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Enrico Kittmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Urbschat
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juan Bayo
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Petra C. Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shelli F. Farhadian
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gabriela S. Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mariana G. Garcia
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra M. Blois
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Sotoodeh Ghorbani S, Taherpour N, Rahimi E, Farhadi Babadi K, Feyzi R, Hashemi Nazari SS. Effectiveness, Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnant Women: A Rapid Review Study. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2023; 37:72. [PMID: 37600627 PMCID: PMC10436674 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.37.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnant women infected with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, and the only real preventive strategy against COVID-19 is mass vaccination. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety of Covid-19 vaccination in pregnant women. Methods A combination of search terms was performed by 2 researchers independently in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases, the World Health Organization website, and the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) website up to February 2022. After the selection of eligible studies, the review process, description, and summarization of the selected studies were performed by the research team. Results Finally, 22 articles were included in this study. Evidence supports the safety of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. There is no risk of transmitting COVID-19 to infants during lactation. In addition, antibodies made by vaccination can protect infants through breast milk. Conclusion The scientific community believes that being vaccinated as soon as possible is the best course of action because there is no evidence to suggest that the COVID-19 vaccine poses a risk to expectant or nursing women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sotoodeh Ghorbani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Taherpour
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rahimi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Farhadi Babadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Feyzi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Hantoushzadeh S, Eshraghi N, Younesi S, Salehi M, Rezaei N, Hasheminejad MM, Rashidian P, Shirdel S, Asadi F, Ghaemi M. Cord blood antibodies following BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccination during pregnancy. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e874. [PMID: 37382259 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the maternal and umbilical cord blood antibody levels, after COVID vaccination during pregnancy. METHOD The women who received the COVID-19 vaccine (Sinopharm) during pregnancy were included. Maternal and cord blood samples were tested to detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor binding domain (RBD) specific antibodies. In addition, obstetric information and side effects after vaccination were gathered. RESULT A total of 23 women were included. Eleven pregnant women took two doses and 12 cases received a single dose of the vaccine. No IgM antibody was detected in any maternal blood or cord blood samples. The RBD-specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody was positive in mothers receiving 2 doses of the vaccine and their infants. But the antibody titers were under the positive cut-off threshold for the other 12 women who were vaccinated with a single dose. Women who received both doses of vaccine had significantly higher IgG levels than a single dose of Sinopharm (p = .025). The same result was demonstrated in infants born to these mothers (p = .019). CONCLUSION There was a significant correlation between maternal and neonatal IgG concentrations. Although, receiving both doses of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine (not 1 dose) during pregnancy is highly beneficial for increasing humoral immunity for the mother and fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh
- Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Eshraghi
- Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarang Younesi
- Nilou Laboratory, Prenatal Screening Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Salehi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Hasheminejad
- Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Rashidian
- Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shirdel
- Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Asadi
- Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Ghaemi
- Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Stafford LS, Valcarce V, Henry M, Neu J, Parker L, Mueller M, Vicuna V, Gowen T, Cato E, Kosik I, Yewdell JW, Atkinson M, Cacho N, Li N, Larkin J. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in human milk and breastfeeding infant stool 6 months after maternal COVID-19 vaccination. J Perinatol 2023; 43:775-781. [PMID: 36631564 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-022-01581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess presence, durability, and neutralization capacity of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in breastfeeding infants' stool, mother's plasma and milk following maternal vaccination. DESIGN Thirty-seven mothers and 25 infants were enrolled between December 2020 and November 2021 for this prospective observational study. All mothers were vaccinated during lactation except three, which were vaccinated during pregnancy. Milk, maternal plasma, and infants' stool was collected pre-vaccination and at periods up to 6 months following COVID-19 vaccine series initiation/completion. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and their neutralization capacities were assessed. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG levels were higher in infant stool post-maternal vaccination amongst milk-fed compared to controls. Maternal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG concentrations decreased over 6 months post-vaccination but remained higher than pre-vaccination levels. We observed improved neutralization capacity in milk and plasma after COVID-19 vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in infant stool following maternal vaccination offers further evidence of the lasting transfer of these antibodies through breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Valcarce
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Henry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Josef Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leslie Parker
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Martina Mueller
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Valeria Vicuna
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Taylor Gowen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emilee Cato
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ivan Kosik
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Wilson Yewdell
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Cacho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Larkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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26
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Dimitroglou M, Sokou R, Iacovidou N, Pouliakis A, Kafalidis G, Boutsikou T, Iliodromiti Z. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulins in Human Milk after Coronavirus Disease or Vaccination-Time Frame and Duration of Detection in Human Milk and Factors That Affect Their Titers: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081905. [PMID: 37111124 PMCID: PMC10141636 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) of mothers infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 contains specific immunoglobulins, which may protect their offspring against infection or severe disease. The time frame and duration after infection or vaccination, during which these immunoglobulins are detected in HM, as well as the major factors that influence their levels, have not been fully elucidated. This systematic review aimed to collect the existing literature and describe the immune response, specifically regarding the immunoglobulins in HM after COVID-19 disease or vaccination in non-immune women. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases to identify studies published up until 19 March 2023. In total, 975 articles were screened, and out of which 75 were identified as being relevant and were finally included in this review. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily induces an IgA immune response in HM, while vaccination predominantly elevates IgG levels. These immunoglobulins give HM a neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the importance of breastfeeding during the pandemic. The mode of immune acquisition (infection or vaccination) and immunoglobulin levels in maternal serum are factors that seem to influence immunoglobulin levels in HM. Further studies are required to determine the impact of other factors, such as infection severity, lactation period, parity, maternal age and BMI on immunoglobulin level in HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Dimitroglou
- Neonatal Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Rozeta Sokou
- Neonatal Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Nicoletta Iacovidou
- Neonatal Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Abraham Pouliakis
- Neonatal Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Kafalidis
- Neonatal Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Boutsikou
- Neonatal Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Iliodromiti
- Neonatal Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
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27
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Pillai A, Nayak A, Tiwari D, Pillai PK, Pandita A, Sakharkar S, Balasubramanian H, Kabra N. COVID-19 Disease in Under-5 Children: Current Status and Strategies for Prevention including Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:693. [PMID: 36992278 PMCID: PMC10058749 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hit the globe in early 2020, we have steadily gained insight into its pathogenesis; thereby improving surveillance and preventive measures. In contrast to other respiratory viruses, neonates and young children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have a milder clinical presentation, with only a small proportion needing hospitalization and intensive care support. With the emergence of novel variants and improved testing services, there has been a higher incidence of COVID-19 disease reported among children and neonates. Despite this, the proportion of young children with severe disease has not increased. Key mechanisms that protect young children from severe COVID-19 disease include the placental barrier, differential expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors, immature immune response, and passive transfer of antibodies via placenta and human milk. Implementing mass vaccination programs has been a major milestone in reducing the global disease burden. However, considering the lower risk of severe COVID-19 illness in young children and the limited evidence about long-term vaccine safety, the risk-benefit balance in children under five years of age is more complex. In this review, we do not support or undermine vaccination of young children but outline current evidence and guidelines, and highlight controversies, knowledge gaps, and ethical issues related to COVID-19 vaccination in young children. Regulatory bodies should consider the individual and community benefits of vaccinating younger children in their local epidemiological setting while planning regional immunization policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Pillai
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Anuja Nayak
- Bai Jerabai Wadia Hospital for Children, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel East, Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepika Tiwari
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pratichi Kadam Pillai
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aakash Pandita
- Medanta Super Specialty Hospital, Sector-A, Pocket-1, Amar Shaheed Path, Golf City, Lucknow 226030, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin Sakharkar
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Nandkishor Kabra
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
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Chaubey I, Vijay H, Govindaraj S, Babu H, Cheedarla N, Shankar EM, Vignesh R, Velu V. Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Pregnant Women. Pathogens 2023; 12:431. [PMID: 36986353 PMCID: PMC10056326 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers across the world hastened to develop vaccines that would aid in bolstering herd immunity. Utilizing mRNA coding and viral vector technology, the currently approved vaccines were required to undergo extensive testing to confirm their safety for mass usage in the general population. However, clinical trials failed to test the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines in groups with weakened immune systems, especially pregnant women. Lack of information on the effects of vaccinations in pregnancy and the safety of fetuses are among the topmost reasons preventing pregnant women from receiving immunization. Thus, the lack of data examining the effects of COVID-19 vaccinations on pregnant women must be addressed. This review focused on the safety and efficacy of the approved COVID-19 vaccinations in pregnancy and their impact on both maternal and fetal immune responses. For that, we took the approach of combined systematic review/meta-analysis and compiled the available data from the original literature from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Medline databases. All articles analyzed presented no adverse effects of vaccination in pregnancy, with varying conclusions on the degree of effectiveness. The majority of the findings described robust immune responses in vaccinated pregnant women, successful transplacental antibody transfer, and implications for neonatal immunity. Hence, findings from the cumulative data available can be helpful in achieving COVID-19 herd immunization, including pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaan Chaubey
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Harini Vijay
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sakthivel Govindaraj
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hemalatha Babu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Narayanaiah Cheedarla
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Esaki M. Shankar
- Infection and Inflammation, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, India
| | - Ramachandran Vignesh
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30405, Malaysia
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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29
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da Silva Filho AO, Gonçalves DN, de Lima LKR, da Silva Alves DAN, de Andrade Falcão FJ, Falcão REA. Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Mothers and Neonates after Vaccination during Pregnancy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030620. [PMID: 36992203 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Maternal vaccination is safe and provides protection against COVID-19 in mothers and neonates, and it is necessary to evaluate its effect on the induction of immune responses through the levels of neutralizing antibodies present in maternal and neonatal blood. Methods: An observational study with transversal analysis was carried out. Included in the research were neonates (<1 month) whose mothers had been immunized whilst pregnant with at least one dose of the vaccine BNT16b and had not shown any symptoms of COVID-19. The blood of the mothers and newborns was collected during the Guthrie test and sent to the laboratory for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Results: A total of 162 pairs of mothers and neonates were analyzed with an average age of 26.3 ± 5.97 years and 13.4 ± 6.90 days, respectively. All samples collected present neutralizing antibodies with an average percentage of 91% in the mothers and 92% in the neonates. The most satisfactory immune response was observed in neonates and mothers vaccinated during the second trimester of gestation. Conclusions: The vaccination of expectant mothers with the immunizer BNT162b2 has promoted a robust immunological response in both the mothers and the neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Oliveira da Silva Filho
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Socio-Environmental Development Multicampi Garanhuns, University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns 55294-310, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Multicampi Garanhuns, University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns 55294-310, Brazil
| | - Daniel Nazário Gonçalves
- Department of Health Sciences, Multicampi Garanhuns, University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns 55294-310, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rosângela Estevão Alves Falcão
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Socio-Environmental Development Multicampi Garanhuns, University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns 55294-310, Brazil
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30
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Transplacental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a cohort study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:277-285. [PMID: 36692603 PMCID: PMC9872727 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the transfer rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in pregnancy and newborns. Two Danish labor wards screened all women for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR upon arrival. Women (n = 99) with a SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive nasopharyngeal (NP) swab or with a household member with a positive swab at labor or any time during pregnancy, or COVID-19 symptoms upon admission (November 2020 through August 2021), were included. Mother and infant were tested by NP swabs at delivery, and maternal and infant (umbilical cord) venous blood samples were collected. We obtained clinical information including previous PCR test results from the medical records. SARS-Cov-2 IgM and quantified IgG antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and transfer ratios of IgG. We detected IgG antibodies in 73 women and 65 cord blood sera and found a strong correlation between SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord sera (r = 0.9; p < 0.05). Transfer ratio was > 1.0 in 51 out of 73 (69%) infants and > 1.5 in 26 (35%). We found that transfer was proportional to time from a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR NP swab to delivery (r = 0.5; p < 0.05). Transfer ratios of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were associated with time from infection to delivery with transfer ratios of more than 1.0 in the majority of seropositive mother-infant dyads.
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31
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SARS-CoV-2 placentitis, stillbirth, and maternal COVID-19 vaccination: clinical-pathologic correlations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:261-269. [PMID: 36243041 PMCID: PMC9554221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stillbirth is a recognized complication of COVID-19 in pregnant women that has recently been demonstrated to be caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection of the placenta. Multiple global studies have found that the placental pathology present in cases of stillbirth consists of a combination of concurrent destructive findings that include increased fibrin deposition that typically reaches the level of massive perivillous fibrin deposition, chronic histiocytic intervillositis, and trophoblast necrosis. These 3 pathologic lesions, collectively termed SARS-CoV-2 placentitis, can cause severe and diffuse placental parenchymal destruction that can affect >75% of the placenta, effectively rendering it incapable of performing its function of oxygenating the fetus and leading to stillbirth and neonatal death via malperfusion and placental insufficiency. Placental infection and destruction can occur in the absence of demonstrable fetal infection. Development of SARS-CoV-2 placentitis is a complex process that may have both an infectious and immunologic basis. An important observation is that in all reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 placentitis causing stillbirth and neonatal death, the mothers were unvaccinated. SARS-CoV-2 placentitis is likely the result of an episode of SARS-CoV-2 viremia at some time during the pregnancy. This article discusses clinical and pathologic aspects of the relationship between maternal COVID-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 placentitis, and perinatal death.
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Konje JC, Al Beloushi M, Ahmed B. Immunisation against COVID-19 in Pregnancy and of Women Planning Pregnancy. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030621. [PMID: 36992330 PMCID: PMC10059008 DOI: 10.3390/v15030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Following reports of the first human SARS-CoV2 infection in December 2019 from Wuhan Province, China, there was such rapid spread that by March 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) had declared a pandemic. Over 6.5 million people have died from this infection worldwide, although this is most likely an underestimate. Until vaccines became available, mortality and severe morbidity were costly in terms of life lost as well as the cost of supporting the severely and acutely ill. Vaccination changed the landscape, and following worldwide adoption, life has gradually been returning to normal. The speed of production of the vaccines was unprecedented and undoubtedly ushered in a new era in the science of fighting infections. The developed vaccines were on the already known platforms for vaccine delivery: inactivated virus, virus vector, virus-like particles (VLP) subunit, DNA and mRNA. The mRNA platform was used for the first time to deliver vaccines to humans. An understanding of these platforms and the pros and cons of each are important for clinicians who are often challenged by the recipients on the advantages and risks of these vaccines. These vaccines have so far and reassuringly been shown to be safe in reproduction (with no effect on gametes) and pregnancy (not associated with congenital malformations). However, safety remains paramount and continuing vigilance is critical, especially against rare fatal complications such as vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia and myocarditis. Finally, the waning immunity months after vaccination means repeated immunisation is likely to be ongoing, but just how often and how many such revaccinations should be recommended remains uncertain. Research into other vaccines and alternate delivery methods should continue as this infection is likely to be around for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Konje
- Feto-Maternal Centre Al Markhiya, Doha P.O. Box 34181, Qatar
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-7777-8375
| | - Mariam Al Beloushi
- Women’s Wellness and Research Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Badreldeen Ahmed
- Feto-Maternal Centre Al Markhiya, Doha P.O. Box 34181, Qatar
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Romero-Ibarguengoitia ME, Flores-Salazar ZL, Arroyo-García KD, Soto-Gámez R, Leal-Meléndez JA, René Garza-Herrera M, Bennett-Vidales G, Cabrera MH, González-Habib R, Jiménez LP, Garza-Bulnes R, Barco-Flores IA, Castillo-Figueroa LF, Garza-Silva A, Rivera-Cavazos A, Rivera-Salinas D, González-Cantú A, Sanz-Sánchez MÁ. Evaluation of Transplacental Antibody Transfer in Pregnant Women Immunized with Different SARS-CoV-2 Homologous or Heterologous Schemes. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020415. [PMID: 36851294 PMCID: PMC9961240 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is scarce information related to transplacental antibody transfer against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with different homologous and heterologous vaccination schemes. This study aimed to correlate the magnitude of transplacental transfer anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in different homologous and heterologous schemes. An observational cross-sectional study was developed to identify pregnant women vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. They were questioned about their immunization status; blood samples from the mother, umbilical cord during labor, and the newborn 72 h after birth were taken to measure anti-S1 and anti-S2 specific IgG antibodies for SARS-CoV-2. We recruited 104 women with a median age of 29 (SD 1.17). We found antibodies in all newborns with vaccinated mothers. Homologous BNT162b2 mRNA regimen had the highest mean (SD) antibody titers (AU/mL) in maternal (994.93 (3.08), p = 0.039), umbilical cord (1316.43 (2.79), p = 0.016), and newborn (1192.02 (3.55), p = 0.020) blood. The generalized linear model showed a positive effect over antibodies with at least one dose in maternal (β = -1.1, p = 0.002) and newborn (β= -0.717, p = 0.044) blood, and with two doses (β = -0.684, p = 0.026) in umbilical cord blood. In conclusion, antibodies were detected in all vaccinated women and their newborns. Transfer of antibodies was found from the first dose, and the levels increased with the number of vaccine doses. Vaccination should be encouraged in pregnant women with any available scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Especialidades Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto, 4500-Pte, Zona Valle Poniente, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Dirección de Enseñanza e Investigación en Salud, Hospital Christus Muguerza Sistema de Salud, Calle Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 2525, Obispado, Monterrey 64000, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-81-8865-5656
| | - Zulema Lourdes Flores-Salazar
- Especialidades Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto, 4500-Pte, Zona Valle Poniente, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Christus Muguerza Conchita, Calle 15 de Mayo 1822, María Luisa, Nuevo Obispado, Monterrey 64040, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Kimberly Dariela Arroyo-García
- Especialidades Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto, 4500-Pte, Zona Valle Poniente, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Ginecología, Hospital Christus Muguerza Conchita, Calle 15 de Mayo 1822, María Luisa, Nuevo Obispado, Monterrey 64040, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Rafael Soto-Gámez
- Especialidades Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto, 4500-Pte, Zona Valle Poniente, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Ginecología, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, Avenida del Bosque 139, Cuauhtémoc, Cuauhtémoc, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gordon Bennett-Vidales
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Christus Muguerza Conchita, Calle 15 de Mayo 1822, María Luisa, Nuevo Obispado, Monterrey 64040, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Hurtado Cabrera
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Roberto González-Habib
- Departamento de Ginecología, Hospital Christus Muguerza Conchita, Calle 15 de Mayo 1822, María Luisa, Nuevo Obispado, Monterrey 64040, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Dirección de Enseñanza e Investigación en Salud, Hospital Christus Muguerza Conchita, Calle 15 de Mayo 1822, María Luisa, Nuevo Obispado, Monterrey 64040, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Liliann Peña Jiménez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Raúl Garza-Bulnes
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Christus Muguerza Conchita, Calle 15 de Mayo 1822, María Luisa, Nuevo Obispado, Monterrey 64040, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Fernando Castillo-Figueroa
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Christus Muguerza Conchita, Calle 15 de Mayo 1822, María Luisa, Nuevo Obispado, Monterrey 64040, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, Avenida del Bosque 139, Cuauhtémoc, Cuauhtémoc, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo Garza-Silva
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Andrea Rivera-Cavazos
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diego Rivera-Salinas
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo González-Cantú
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Especialidades Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto, 4500-Pte, Zona Valle Poniente, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Dirección de Enseñanza e Investigación en Salud, Hospital Christus Muguerza Sistema de Salud, Calle Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 2525, Obispado, Monterrey 64000, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Sanz-Sánchez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Jorgensen SCJ, Hernandez A, Fell DB, Austin PC, D'Souza R, Guttmann A, Brown KA, Buchan SA, Gubbay JB, Nasreen S, Schwartz KL, Tadrous M, Wilson K, Kwong JC. Maternal mRNA covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy and delta or omicron infection or hospital admission in infants: test negative design study. BMJ 2023; 380:e074035. [PMID: 36754426 PMCID: PMC9903336 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-074035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the effectiveness of maternal mRNA covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy against delta and omicron severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and hospital admission in infants. DESIGN Test negative design study. SETTING Community and hospital testing in Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Infants younger than six months of age, born between 7 May 2021 and 31 March 2022, who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 between 7 May 2021 and 5 September 2022. INTERVENTION Maternal mRNA covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Laboratory confirmed delta or omicron infection or hospital admission of the infant. Multivariable logistic regression estimated vaccine effectiveness, with adjustments for clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with vaccination and infection. RESULTS 8809 infants met eligibility criteria, including 99 delta cases (4365 controls) and 1501 omicron cases (4847 controls). Infant vaccine effectiveness from two maternal doses was 95% (95% confidence interval 88% to 98%) against delta infection and 97% (73% to 100%) against infant hospital admission due to delta and 45% (37% to 53%) against omicron infection and 53% (39% to 64%) against hospital admission due to omicron. Vaccine effectiveness for three doses was 73% (61% to 80%) against omicron infection and 80% (64% to 89%) against hospital admission due to omicron. Vaccine effectiveness for two doses against infant omicron infection was highest with the second dose in the third trimester (53% (42% to 62%)) compared with the first (47% (31% to 59%)) or second (37% (24% to 47%)) trimesters. Vaccine effectiveness for two doses against infant omicron infection decreased from 57% (44% to 66%) between birth and eight weeks to 40% (21% to 54%) after 16 weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS Maternal covid-19 vaccination with a second dose during pregnancy was highly effective against delta and moderately effective against omicron infection and hospital admission in infants during the first six months of life. A third vaccine dose bolstered protection against omicron. Effectiveness for two doses was highest with maternal vaccination in the third trimester, and effectiveness decreased in infants beyond eight weeks of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C J Jorgensen
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Deshayne B Fell
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peter C Austin
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rohan D'Souza
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Astrid Guttmann
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Edwin SH Leong Centre for Healthy Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin A Brown
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah A Buchan
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sharifa Nasreen
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin L Schwartz
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mina Tadrous
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kumanan Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey C Kwong
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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35
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Dude CM, Joseph NT, Forrest AD, Verkerke HP, Cheedarla N, Govindaraj S, Irby LS, Easley KA, Smith AK, Stowell SR, Neish A, Amara RR, Jamieson DJ, Dunlop AL, Badell ML, Velu V. Antibody response, neutralizing potency, and transplacental antibody transfer following SARS-CoV-2 infection versus mRNA-1273, BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023. [PMID: 36598270 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve our understanding of the immune response, including the neutralization antibody response, following COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study comprising patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and patients who received both doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (mRNA-1273, BNT162b2) in pregnancy recruited from two hospitals in Atlanta, GA, USA. Maternal blood and cord blood at delivery were assayed for anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, IgA and IgM, and neutralizing antibody. The detection of antibodies, titers, and maternal to fetal transfer ratios were compared. RESULTS Nearly all patients had detectable RBD-binding IgG in maternal and cord samples. The vaccinated versus infected cohort had a significantly greater proportion of cord samples with detectable neutralizing antibody (94% vs. 28%, P < 0.001) and significantly higher transfer ratios for RBD-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies with a transfer efficiency of 105% (vs. 80%, P < 0.001) and 110% (vs. 90%, P < 0.001), respectively. There was a significant linear decline in maternal and cord blood RBD-specific IgG and neutralizing antibody titers as time from vaccination to delivery increased. CONCLUSIONS Those who receive the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine mount an immune response that is equivalent to-if not greater than-those naturally infected by SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolynn M Dude
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Naima T Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra D Forrest
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hans P Verkerke
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Narayanaiah Cheedarla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sakthivel Govindaraj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Les'Shon S Irby
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kirk A Easley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rama Rao Amara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Denise J Jamieson
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Martina L Badell
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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36
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Ng DCE, Tan KK, Liew CH, Low YW, Chin L, Jamil MB, Chandirasekharan DA, Baharuddin SB, Cheah YK. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in hospitalized young infants and risk factors for disease severity. Pediatr Int 2023; 65:e15565. [PMID: 37368506 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and severity of young infants hospitalized with COVID-19 and study the relationship between breastfeeding and maternal COVID-19 vaccination on the severity of COVID-19. METHODS A retrospective, observational study was performed among infants aged 6 months and below hospitalized for COVID-19 in a tertiary state hospital in Malaysia between February 1 and April 30, 2022. The primary outcome was "serious disease," defined as pneumonia requiring respiratory support or dehydration with warning signs. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors for serious disease. RESULTS A total of 102 infants were included in the study; 53.9% were males with a median age of 11 weeks (interquartile range: 5-20 weeks). Sixteen patients (15.7%) had pre-existing comorbidities, including preterm birth. Fever was the most common presenting symptom (82.4%), followed by cough (53.9%), and rhinorrhea (31.4%). Forty-one infants (40.2%) presented with serious disease, warranting either respiratory support or intravenous fluid therapy for dehydration. Recent maternal COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of serious disease on univariate analysis but was not significant after multivariate adjustment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.39; 95% CI: 0.14-1.11; p = 0.08). Exclusive breastfeeding was protective against serious COVID-19 in young infants, independent of other confounding factors (aOR 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06-0.71; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION COVID-19 is a serious disease with non-specific clinical manifestations in young infants. Exclusive breastfeeding could play an important protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chun-Ern Ng
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Kah Kee Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Chuin Hen Liew
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Najihah Kuala Pilah, Kuala Pilah, Malaysia
| | - Yik Wan Low
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Ling Chin
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Munzir Bin Jamil
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban, Seremban, Malaysia
| | | | - Suhaila Binti Baharuddin
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Yee Keat Cheah
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban, Seremban, Malaysia
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37
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Yang Y, Xing H, Zhao Y. Transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibody to infants from maternal COVID-19 vaccine immunization before pregnancy. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28296. [PMID: 36367230 PMCID: PMC9877834 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine generates functional antibodies in maternal circulation that are detectable in infants, while the information is restricted to the usage of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal COVID-19 vaccines before pregnancy. Infants were included from mothers with no inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, 1-, 2-, and 3-dose before pregnancy, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were tested. Comparative analysis was done between the groups. A total of 130 infants were enrolled in the study. Significantly higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in infants born to mothers with 3-dose COVID-19 vaccine before pregnancy compared with 1- and 2-dose groups (p < 0.0001). The levels of antibodies decreased significantly with age in infants born to mothers with the 3-dose COVID-19 vaccine before pregnancy (r = -0.338, p = 0.035), and it was still higher than that 2-dose COVID-19 vaccine group. The maternal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies produced from the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine before pregnancy can be transferred to newborns via the placenta. Maternal immunization with 3-dose of the COVID-19 vaccine before pregnancy could be more beneficial for both mothers and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research InstituteChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huiwu Xing
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research InstituteChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yao Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research InstituteChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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38
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Dal-Ré R, Porcher R, Rosendaal FR, Schwarzer-Daum B. Regulatory agencies disregard real-world effectiveness evidence on product labels beyond what is reasonable. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 153:83-90. [PMID: 36371045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dal-Ré
- Epidemiology Unit, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raphaël Porcher
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS-UMR1153), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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39
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Egge JA, Anderson RH, Schimelpfenig MD. Care of the Well Newborn. Pediatr Rev 2022; 43:676-690. [PMID: 36450636 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2022-005511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Care of the newborn infant is a critical skill for general pediatricians and other providers in the practice of pediatric medicine. Optimal care relies on a thorough understanding of risk factors that may be present during the pregnancy and delivery, as well as the ability to recognize and address unanticipated problems in the postnatal period. This article focuses on antenatal care of the newborn, issues that present in the immediate postdelivery period, and care of the newborn after discharge. It also includes updated information on current topics in pediatric practice, such as the importance of vaccination, parental hesitancy in accepting common medical interventions, and updated guidelines related to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. At the conclusion of the article, the reader should have a general understanding of antenatal risk factors that could affect the transition from the intrauterine environment and have the knowledge to address common issues that arise in the care of newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Egge
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
| | | | - Michelle D Schimelpfenig
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
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40
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Toussia-Cohen S, Nir O, Peretz-Machluf R, Bookstein-Peretz S, Segal O, Asraf K, Doolman R, Regev-Yochay G, Yinon Y. Maternal and Neonatal Immune Responses Following COVID-19 Infection and Vaccinations in Pregnancy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122019. [PMID: 36560429 PMCID: PMC9782019 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to compare the maternal and neonatal humoral immune responses among different groups of women, namely those vaccinated by the BNT162b2 vaccine, not vaccinated, and COVID-19-recovered parturient women at the time of delivery. This is a prospective cohort study of pregnant women, divided into four groups: Group A "Recovered"-recovered and not vaccinated. Group B "Second Vaccination"-first and second doses only. Group C "Third Vaccination"-third dose. Group D "No Third Vaccination"-women eligible for the third dose of the vaccine but did not receive it. Maternal and umbilical cord blood were sampled and tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies on admittance to labor and immediately postpartum, respectively. Maternal serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were significantly higher among Group C compared to Group B (741.6 (514.5-1069) vs. 333.5 (327-340.2), respectively). Both groups had higher antibody levels compared to Groups A and D (113.5 (61.62-209.1) and 57.99 (32.93-102.1), respectively). Similarly, umbilical cord blood SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were also highest among Group C compared to the other three groups (1269 (953.4-1690) vs. Group B, 322.6 (305.6-340.5), Group A, 109 (49.01-242.6), and Group D, 103.9 (48.59-222), respectively). In conclusion, pregnant women who were fully vaccinated with three dosages before delivery generated the highest levels of maternal and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomi Toussia-Cohen
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-546-308521
| | - Omer Nir
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ravit Peretz-Machluf
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shiran Bookstein-Peretz
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Omri Segal
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Keren Asraf
- The Dworman Automated-Mega Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Ram Doolman
- The Dworman Automated-Mega Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Gili Regev-Yochay
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Yoav Yinon
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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Sunder A, Alqatari HM, Taha OE, Keshta MS, Bughamar FK, Darwish B. COVID-19 vaccinations in pregnancy: Save mother and baby from COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2022; 160:864-873. [PMID: 36306398 PMCID: PMC9874773 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigated the immune response of maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and vertical transmission of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective study included pregnant women in Bahrain Defense Force Hospital from March 2021 to September 2021 who were vaccinated with Sinopharm or Pfizer/BioNTech. Testing of anti-N and -S levels from paired samples of maternal and umbilical cord blood was performed at the time of delivery. The immune response to vaccination, association with maternal and fetal factors, and vertical transmission of antibodies were studied. RESULTS The current study included 79 pregnant women. The median gestational age for those vaccinated with Sinopharm was 28 weeks and those vaccinated with Pfizer was 31 weeks, with 100% of the vaccinated population generating antibodies and showing vertical transmission. The anti-N and -S titers and interval frequencies varied in both vaccinations. The anti-N and -S and transfer ratio statistically correlated with maternal age, gestational age at delivery, latency period, and birth weight of the neonates differently in both vaccines. In addition, the peak level of antibodies and transfer ratios varied. CONCLUSION Although variations are exhibited in both types of vaccination, the vaccinated pregnant population generated a significant level of anti-N and -S and showed vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huda Merza Alqatari
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland‐BahrainBusaiteenBahrain
| | - Omer E. Taha
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland‐BahrainBusaiteenBahrain
| | - Mohamed S. Keshta
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland‐BahrainBusaiteenBahrain
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Flannery DD, Gouma S, Dhudasia MB, Mukhopadhyay S, Pfeifer MR, Woodford EC, Briker SM, Triebwasser JE, Gerber JS, Morris JS, Weirick ME, McAllister CM, Hensley SE, Puopolo KM. Comparison of Maternal and Neonatal Antibody Levels After COVID-19 Vaccination vs SARS-CoV-2 Infection. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2240993. [PMID: 36350652 PMCID: PMC9647482 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.40993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pregnant persons are at an increased risk of severe COVID-19 from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and COVID-19 vaccination is currently recommended during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE To ascertain the association of vaccine type, time from vaccination, gestational age at delivery, and pregnancy complications with placental transfer of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study was conducted in Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and included births at the study site between August 9, 2020, and April 25, 2021. Maternal and cord blood serum samples were available for antibody level measurements for maternal-neonatal dyads. EXPOSURES SARS-CoV-2 infection vs COVID-19 vaccination. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES IgG antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody concentrations and transplacental transfer ratios were measured after SARS-CoV-2 infection or receipt of COVID-19 vaccines. RESULTS A total of 585 maternal-newborn dyads (median [IQR] maternal age, 31 [26-35] years; median [IQR] gestational age, 39 [38-40] weeks) with maternal IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 detected at the time of delivery were included. IgG was detected in cord blood from 557 of 585 newborns (95.2%). Among 169 vaccinated persons without SARS-CoV-2 infection, the interval from first dose of vaccine to delivery ranged from 12 to 122 days. The geometric mean IgG level among 169 vaccine recipients was significantly higher than that measured in 408 persons after infection (33.88 [95% CI, 27.64-41.53] arbitrary U/mL vs 2.80 [95% CI, 2.50-3.13] arbitrary U/mL). Geometric mean IgG levels were higher after vaccination with the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine compared with the BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine (53.74 [95% CI, 40.49-71.33] arbitrary U/mL vs 25.45 [95% CI, 19.17-33.79] arbitrary U/mL; P < .001). Placental transfer ratios were lower after vaccination compared with after infection (0.80 [95% CI, 0.68-0.93] vs 1.06 [95% CI, 0.98-1.14]; P < .001) but were similar between the mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273: 0.70 [95% CI, 0.55-0.90]; BNT162b2: 0.85 [95% CI, 0.69-1.06]; P = .25). Time from infection or vaccination to delivery was associated with transfer ratio in models that included gestational age at delivery and maternal hypertensive disorders, diabetes, and obesity. Placental antibody transfer was detectable as early as 26 weeks' gestation. Transfer ratio that was higher than 1.0 was present for 48 of 51 (94.1%) births at 36 weeks' gestation or later by 8 weeks after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that maternal and cord blood IgG antibody levels were higher after COVID-19 vaccination compared with after SARS-CoV-2 infection, with slightly lower placental transfer ratios after vaccination than after infection. The findings suggest that time from infection or vaccination to delivery was the most important factor in transfer efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin D. Flannery
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Clinical Futures, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Miren B. Dhudasia
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Clinical Futures, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sagori Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Clinical Futures, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Madeline R. Pfeifer
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily C. Woodford
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara M. Briker
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | | | - Jeffrey S. Gerber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Clinical Futures, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Jeffrey S. Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Madison E. Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | | | - Scott E. Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Karen M. Puopolo
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Clinical Futures, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Avni Biron I, Maayan Y, Mishael T, Hadar E, Neeman M, Plitman Mayo R, Sela HY, Yagel S, Goldenberg R, Ben Ya’acov A, Grisaru Granovsky S, Ollech JE, Edelman-Klapper H, Rabinowitz KM, Pauker MH, Yanai H, Goren S, Cohen D, Dotan I, Bar-Gil Shitrit A. SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Levels in Women with IBD Vaccinated during Pregnancy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1833. [PMID: 36366342 PMCID: PMC9699106 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regulatory agencies supported vaccination of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, including patients with IBD. No data exist regarding these vaccines in IBD during pregnancy. AIM To assess the serologic response to two doses of the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in pregnant women with IBD vaccinated during pregnancy, compared to that of pregnant women without IBD, and non-pregnant women with IBD. METHODS Anti-spike antibody levels were assessed in all women and in cord blood of consenting women. RESULTS From December 2020 to December 2021, 139 women were assessed: pregnant with IBD-36, pregnant without IBD-61, and not pregnant with IBD-42. Antibodies were assessed in cords of two and nine newborns of women with and without IBD, respectively. Mean gestational ages at administration of the second vaccine doses were 22.0 weeks in IBD and 23.2 weeks in non-IBD, respectively. Mean (SD) duration from the second vaccine dose to serology analysis in pregnant women with IBD, without IBD, and in non-pregnant women with IBD was 10.6 (4.9), 16.4 (6.3), and 4.3 (1.0) weeks, respectively. All women mounted a serologic response. In multivariable analysis, no correlation was found between the specific group and antibody levels. In both pregnancy groups, an inverse correlation between antibody levels and the interval from the second vaccine dose was demonstrated. Cord blood antibody levels exceeded maternal levels in women with and without IBD. CONCLUSION All patients with IBD mounted a serologic response. The interval between vaccine administration to serology assessment was the most important factor determining antibody levels. A third vaccine dose should be considered in pregnant women with IBD vaccinated at early stages of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Avni Biron
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva 4919001, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 9436008, Israel
| | - Yair Maayan
- IBD MOM Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Digestive Diseases Institute, Jerusalem 9436008, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
- Department of Military Medicine and “Tzameret”, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, and Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Rehovot 7661041, Israel
| | - Tali Mishael
- IBD MOM Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Digestive Diseases Institute, Jerusalem 9436008, Israel
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Eran Hadar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 9436008, Israel
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Romina Plitman Mayo
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hen Y. Sela
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Simcha Yagel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Mount Scopus Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Rosalind Goldenberg
- IBD MOM Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Digestive Diseases Institute, Jerusalem 9436008, Israel
| | - Ami Ben Ya’acov
- IBD MOM Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Digestive Diseases Institute, Jerusalem 9436008, Israel
| | - Sorina Grisaru Granovsky
- IBD MOM Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Digestive Diseases Institute, Jerusalem 9436008, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Jacob E. Ollech
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva 4919001, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 9436008, Israel
| | - Hadar Edelman-Klapper
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva 4919001, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 9436008, Israel
| | - Keren Masha Rabinowitz
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva 4919001, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Maor H. Pauker
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva 4919001, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 9436008, Israel
| | - Henit Yanai
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva 4919001, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 9436008, Israel
| | - Sophy Goren
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dani Cohen
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Iris Dotan
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva 4919001, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 9436008, Israel
| | - Ariella Bar-Gil Shitrit
- IBD MOM Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Digestive Diseases Institute, Jerusalem 9436008, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
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A Missed Opportunity? How Prenatal Care, Birth Hospitalization, and Digital Health Could Increase Nonbirthing Partners' Access to Recommended Medical and Mental Healthcare. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2022; 36:330-334. [PMID: 36288436 PMCID: PMC9623469 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Mangat C, Yarrarapu SNS, Singh G, Bansal P. Maternal COVID-19 Vaccine May Reduce the Risk of MIS-C in Infants: A Narrative Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091454. [PMID: 36146531 PMCID: PMC9500942 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection in the pediatric population usually leads to a mild illness; however, a rare but serious complication of MIS-C has been seen in children. MIS-C usually presents 2–4 weeks after COVID-19 infection or exposure, and rare reports have been documented in neonates. Vaccinations for COVID-19 have been approved for children aged 6 months and above in the United States, and recent reports suggest significantly low prevalence and risk of complications of Multi-organ Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) in vaccinated children compared to unvaccinated children. Vaccinations for COVID-19 are safe and recommended during pregnancy and prevent severe maternal morbidity and adverse birth outcomes. Evidence from other vaccine-preventable diseases suggests that through passive transplacental antibody transfer, maternal vaccinations are protective against infections in infants during the first 6 months of life. Various studies have demonstrated that maternal COVID-19 vaccination is associated with the presence of anti-spike protein antibodies in infants, persisting even at 6 months of age. Further, completion of a 2-dose primary mRNA COVID-19 vaccination series during pregnancy is associated with reduced risk for COVID-19–associated hospitalization among infants aged 6 months or less. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that maternal COVID-19 vaccination can reduce the risk of and severity of MIS-C in infants. In this article, we review the literature to support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Mangat
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic Health System, 733 W Clairemont Ave, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA
| | | | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, 733 W Clairemont Ave, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA
| | - Pankaj Bansal
- Department of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic Health System, 1400 Bellinger Street, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-773-899-4590
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46
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Sunder A, Varghese B, Taha O, Keshta MS, Khalid Bughamar A, Nadir Abelhamid Mohamed E, Mirghani Aljailani Fadhulalla Y, Darwish B. Maternal COVID-19 Disease and COVID-19 Immunization. Cureus 2022; 14:e28328. [PMID: 36168383 PMCID: PMC9500403 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Pregnancy is an independent risk factor for severe covid-19. Vaccination is the best way to reduce the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and limit its morbidity and mortality. The current recommendations from the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and professional organizations are for pregnant, postpartum, and lactating women to receive covid-19 vaccination. Pregnancy specific considerations involve potential effects of vaccination on fetal development, placental transfer of antibodies, and safety of maternal vaccination. Although pregnancy was an exclusion criterion in initial clinical trials of covid-19 vaccines, observational data have been rapidly accumulating and thus far confirm that the benefits of vaccination outweigh the potential risks. This review examines the evidence supporting the effectiveness, immunogenicity, placental transfer, side effects, and perinatal outcomes of maternal covid-19 vaccination. Additionally, it describes factors associated with vaccine hesitancy in pregnancy. Overall, studies monitoring people who have received covid-19 vaccines during pregnancy have not identified any pregnancy specific safety concerns. Additional information on non-mRNA vaccines, vaccination early in pregnancy, and longer term outcomes in infants are needed. To collect this information, vaccination during pregnancy must be prioritized in vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina L Badell
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. USA
| | - Carolynn M Dude
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. USA
| | - Sonja A Rasmussen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Denise J Jamieson
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. USA
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Golan N, Ashkenazi S, Davidovich R, Levinsky A, Bar Chaim A, Abu Hamad R, Raveh O, Yitzhaki S, Livni G. Quantitative Analysis of Vertical Transmission of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies to Neonates and Young Infants Following Immunization During Pregnancy. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022; 11:506-509. [PMID: 35929547 PMCID: PMC9384628 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Serum antibody levels to SARS-CoV-2 in infants born to mothers who had received 2 doses of the BNT2b2 vaccine during pregnancy correlated positively with increasing gestational age at vaccination (P < .01) and negatively with increasing time from vaccination (P < .01), with a significant drop in infants aged >60 days (P = .045).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Golan
- Corresponding Author: Naama Golan, MD, Department of Pediatrics A, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, 14 Kaplan Street, Petah Tikva 49202, Israel. E-mail:
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Rotem Davidovich
- Department of Pediatrics A, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Alina Levinsky
- Department of Pediatrics A, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Adina Bar Chaim
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Shamir Medical Center, Beer Yaakov, Israel
| | - Ramzia Abu Hamad
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Shamir Medical Center, Beer Yaakov, Israel
| | - Omer Raveh
- Department of Emergency Pediatrics, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Shai Yitzhaki
- Department of Pediatrics A, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Gilat Livni
- Department of Pediatrics A, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Damjanovic A, Styer LM, Nemeth K, Yauney E, Rock JM, Bievenue R, Hoen R, Ehrbar D, Kay DM, Caggana M, Parker MM. Utility of Newborn Dried Blood Spots to Ascertain Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Individuals Giving Birth in New York State, November 2019 to November 2021. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2227995. [PMID: 35994287 PMCID: PMC9396364 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.27995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Serosurveys can be used to monitor population-level dynamics of COVID-19 and vaccination. Dried blood spots (DBSs) collected from infants contain maternal IgG antibodies and are useful for serosurveys of individuals recently giving birth. OBJECTIVES To examine SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in pregnant individuals in New York State, identify associations between SARS-CoV-2 antibody status and maternal and infant characteristics, and detect COVID-19 vaccination among this population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A population-based, repeated cross-sectional study was conducted to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) IgG antibodies. Deidentified DBS samples and data submitted to the New York State Newborn Screening Program between November 1, 2019, and November 30, 2021, were analyzed. EXPOSURES Prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The presence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 N and S antigens was measured using a microsphere immunoassay. Data were analyzed by geographic region and compared with reported COVID-19 cases and vaccinations among reproductive-aged females (15-44 years of age). Data were stratified by infant birth weight, gestational age, maternal age, and multiple birth status. RESULTS Dried blood spot samples from 415 293 infants (median [IQR] age, 1.04 [1.00-1.20] days; 210 805 [51.1%] male) were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The first known antibody-positive infant in New York State was born on March 29, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence reflected statewide and regional COVID-19 cases among reproductive-aged females in the prevaccine period. From February through November 2021, S seroprevalence was strongly correlated with cumulative vaccinations in each New York State region and in the state overall (rs = 0.92-1.00, P ≤ .001). S and N seroprevalences were significantly lower in newborns with very low birth weight (720 [14.8%] for S and 138 [2.8%] for N, P < .001) and low birth weight (5160 [19.3%] for S and 1233 [4.6%] for N, P = .009) compared with newborns with normal birth weight (77 116 [20.1%] for S and 19 872 [5.2%] for N). Lower N and higher S seroprevalences were observed in multiple births (odds ratio [OR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.94; P = .002 for N and OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.18-1.31; P < .001 for S) vs single births and for maternal age older than 30 years (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.94; P < .001 for N and OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11-1.23; P < .001 for S) vs younger than 20 years. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, seroprevalence in newborn DBS samples reflected COVID-19 case fluctuations and vaccinations among reproductive-aged women during the study period. These results demonstrate the utility of using newborn DBS testing to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in pregnant individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda M. Styer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York
| | | | - Erica Yauney
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Jean M. Rock
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Rachel Bievenue
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Rebecca Hoen
- Bureau of Surveillance and Data Systems, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Dylan Ehrbar
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Denise M. Kay
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York
| | - Michele Caggana
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York
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Evaluation of transplacental transfer of mRNA vaccine products and functional antibodies during pregnancy and infancy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4422. [PMID: 35908075 PMCID: PMC9338928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies are needed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy, and the levels of protection provided to their newborns through placental transfer of antibodies. Here, we evaluate the transplacental transfer of mRNA vaccine products and functional anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during pregnancy and early infancy in a cohort of 20 individuals vaccinated during late pregnancy. We find no evidence of mRNA vaccine products in maternal blood, placenta tissue, or cord blood at delivery. However, we find time-dependent efficient transfer of IgG and neutralizing antibodies to the neonate that persists during early infancy. Additionally, using phage immunoprecipitation sequencing, we find a vaccine-specific signature of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein epitope binding that is transplacentally transferred during pregnancy. Timing of vaccination during pregnancy is critical to ensure transplacental transfer of protective antibodies during early infancy.
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