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Dobos B, Mellor D, Piko BF. Exploring fear of happiness among university students: The role of perfectionism, academic burnout, loneliness, and hopelessness. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:559-567. [PMID: 38258953 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Due to its impact on mental health and well-being, fear of happiness is beginning to receive more attention in research. This study, conducted in Hungary, explored the relationship between fear of happiness, perfectionism, loneliness, hopelessness, and academic burnout. Participants aged between 18 and 35 years (N = 1,148, M = 22 years, SD = 4.5) completed an online questionnaire that included self-report measures of these constructs. In the present study, males showed higher levels of fear of happiness and perfectionism than did females. Analyses also revealed that both adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, academic burnout, loneliness, and hopelessness were positively related to fear of happiness. In multiple regression analysis, gender had a positive and age had a negative role in the levels of fear of happiness. Maladaptive perfectionism, academic burnout, loneliness, and hopelessness were positive predictors, while adaptive perfectionism almost reached statistical significance. These findings highlight the predictive role of previously unexplored variables in fear of happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Dobos
- Doctoral School of Education, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - David Mellor
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bettina F Piko
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Guidotti S, Fiduccia A, Pruneti C. Introversion, Alexithymia, and Hostility: A Path Analysis From Personality to Suicidal Ideation Among University Students. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241247526. [PMID: 38623941 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241247526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between state (i.e., hostility) and trait (i.e., social detachment, alexithymia) psychological constructs associated with suicidal ideation among university students. METHODS A group of 190 university students was consecutively recruited in the period between September 2022 and March 2023. After a clinical interview, a series of psychological tests were administered: the Cattell's 16-Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), and the anamnestic form of the Cognitive Behavioral Assessment (CBA2.0), which contains a specific question regarding the suicidal ideation. RESULTS The analyses demonstrated that alexithymia fully mediated the relationship between a particular aspect of introversion (social detachment or low warmth) and hostility which, in turn, seemed to be a significant predictor of suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS The path analysis conducted seemed to highlight the importance of personality traits, such as social detachment and the ability to recognize and express one's internal states, on the mental health of university students in terms of hostility and suicidal ideation. Considering that the reduction of suicide mortality has been prioritized as a global target in the 15-19 age group, identifying the psychological factors associated with it is fundamental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Guidotti
- Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology, and Clinical Neuropsychology Labs, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Fiduccia
- Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology, and Clinical Neuropsychology Labs, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Pruneti
- Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology, and Clinical Neuropsychology Labs, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Bayrakçeken E, Alkan Ö, Abar H. Psychological Help-Seeking Status for Living with Mental Health Conditions in Türkiye: Using a Multivariate Probit Model. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2837. [PMID: 37957982 PMCID: PMC10649634 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Mental disorders constitute a significant public health concern, contributing significantly to the overall disease burden. Individuals experiencing mental distress often delay or avoid seeking psychological help or do not seek help due to varying factors. This study examines the factors affecting individuals' preferences, particularly young people, in seeking psychological help in Türkiye. METHODS This study utilized microdata from the Türkiye Health Survey conducted by TURKSTAT in 2016 and 2019. The factors influencing decisions to consult with a psychologist, psychotherapist, or psychiatrist were determined by multivariate probit regression analysis. The Türkiye Health Survey employed a stratified two-stage cluster sampling method, surveying 17,242 individuals over the age of 15 in 9470 households in 2016 and 17,084 individuals over the age of 15 in 9470 households in 2019. RESULTS The analysis findings indicated that, in the entire sample, women are more likely to seek psychological help, while younger women are less likely to do so. In the entire sample, as the education level increased, the probability of individuals receiving psychological help increased, while it decreased for young people. It was determined that people who use tobacco and alcohol are more likely to receive psychological help than others. It was also determined that individuals who perceive their health status as good, especially those who are both young and perceive their health status as good, are less likely to seek psychological help. CONCLUSIONS The significance and impact of the variables on the probability of individuals seeking psychological help vary for both the entire sample and young people. There may be various restrictions in getting psychological help, and people may resort to informal methods instead of professionals to cope with their existing problems. In developing preventive strategies to safeguard mental health, factors related to young people's and individuals' psychological help-seeking status should be prioritized, and more attention should be paid to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Bayrakçeken
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25030, Türkiye;
| | - Ömer Alkan
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 2nd Floor, Number 222, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25030, Türkiye
- Master Araştırma Eğitim ve Danışmanlık Hizmetleri Ltd., Şti., Ata Teknokent, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Hayri Abar
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Gaziantep University, 1st Floor, Number 132, Gaziantep 27310, Türkiye;
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Kankam PK, Adinkrah BK. College of education students' attitude towards the use of online information dissemination tools for counseling in Ghana. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18833. [PMID: 37576312 PMCID: PMC10415885 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Online counseling is widely regarded as a cost-effective and convenient means to provide basic counseling services, and it is increasingly being used in university treatment. However, it is unclear what amount of information and attitude students have about online counseling in colleges of education. This study looked at students' views toward and likelihood of using online counseling towards help information seeking and dissemination to see if it has the potential to increase overall service consumption. A survey was conducted and responded to by 411 students from two Ghanaian colleges of education and based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, students' attitudes and intentions to use online counseling were investigated. The paucity of online counseling systems in the colleges of education is shown in the study, yet 94% of participants said they would use online counseling services if given the opportunity. Based on these findings, it is recommended that providing online counseling in parallel to face-to-face counseling could be an effective strategy for counseling units in colleges of education to boost service delivery and so better serve their students.
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Low YS, Bhar SS, Chen WS. Moderators of suicide ideation in Asian international students studying in Australia. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2148514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Siu Low
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sunil S Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Won Sun Chen
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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Cerutti R, Spensieri V, Amendola S, Biuso GS, Renzi A, Tambelli R. Responding to the COVID-19 public health emergency: The usefulness of an online brief psychological intervention with Italian university students. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022; 60:PITS22785. [PMID: 36246432 PMCID: PMC9538663 DOI: 10.1002/pits.22785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about new stressors on university students, with a negative impact on their mental health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of a brief psychodynamically oriented intervention on general functioning by investigating changes in symptoms of depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and burnout. The sample was comprised of 67 university students (22.4% males), with a mean age of 23.27 (standard deviation (SD) = 3.27), who asked for psychological help at a psychological university service. Pre- and posttreatment data showed a significant improvement in general functioning and symptom reduction due to the psychological intervention. The mean change was very high for depression (d = 1.11) and high for general functioning (d = 0.70) and anxiety (d = 0.69). Our findings showed the importance of considering university students a vulnerable population that requires specific services within the university context and underlined the fact that mental-health-promotion policies should be extensively implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cerutti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Valentina Spensieri
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Simone Amendola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Biuso
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Alessia Renzi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Moxham L, Fernandez R, Lord H, Halcomb E, Middleton R. Life during lockdown: coping strategies used by preregistration nursing students during COVID-19. Nurse Educ Pract 2022; 63:103388. [PMID: 35816921 PMCID: PMC9222489 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim To explore the coping strategies used by Australian preregistration nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic ‘lockdown’ period. Background COVID-19 has had a significant impact on preregistration nursing students, both physically and psychologically. As campuses closed and online learning commenced, clinical placement access was reduced, with heightened concern about personal and family safety. As such, nursing students were forced to adopt coping strategies to manage their self and the environment. Design A descriptive qualitative study. Methods One hundred and fifty-five preregistration nursing students enrolled at a regional Australian university completed a self-administered online survey. Results Overwhelmingly, student responses revealed that staying connected was the key coping strategy to ensure emotional and mental health wellbeing. Heightened vigilance in infection control measures was also evident, personally and for others. Routines, including exercise, facilitated physical and mental wellbeing. Overall, coping strategies identified by nursing students demonstrated applied resilience during the isolation period. Conclusions Understanding the adaptive coping strategies used by nursing students can enable nurse academics to understand how to best provide support. This study emphasises the importance of recognising that not all students are able to adapt and ‘cope’ without supports in place. Future studies should investigate the longer-term impact of COVID-19 within the broader preregistration nursing experience and how this might impact nursing students’ future careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Moxham
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Ritin Fernandez
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, St George Hospital, South Street, Kogarah NSW 2217, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Heidi Lord
- Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, St George Hospital, South Street, Kogarah NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Halcomb
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Rebekkah Middleton
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Life skills training, hope, and health: An interventional study in the North West of Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2022; 3:100275. [PMID: 35599975 PMCID: PMC9107383 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Suburbanization is associated with an individual's health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of life skills training on the hope and health of women referred to comprehensive health service centers in the suburbs of Khoy city. Study design quasi-experimental study (Pre-test/Post-test with a control group) Methods in this study, out of 5 comprehensive health service centers, two centers were selected as intervention and comparison groups, and from each center, 37 women were randomly selected. At first, both groups completed the Goldberg general health questionnaire and the Miller hope questionnaire, and the intervention group was taught life skills. At the end of the training, both groups were re-evaluated. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and dispersion indices were used in data analysis. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests were used in inferential statistics. Results Group training in life skills did not significantly affect hope (P.value = 0.972) and various aspects of health (P.value = 0.421). Conclusions It seems that only interventions such as life skills training will not improve suburban women's hope and health. Perhaps improving social infrastructure and comprehensive living conditions in suburban areas will promote hope and health.
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Suicidal Ideation among University Students: A Moderated Mediation Model Considering Attachment, Personality, and Sex. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106167. [PMID: 35627705 PMCID: PMC9141600 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the link between attachment, personality traits, and suicidal ideation with consideration of the potential moderating role of age and sex. The Suicidal History Self-Rating Screening Scale, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form, and the Attachment Style Questionnaire were administered to 183 students. There was a significant indirect effect of need for approval on suicidal ideation via detachment. Moreover, the moderated mediation models of need for approval and preoccupation with relationships on suicidality via negative affectivity were significant in men, but not women, whereas the moderated mediation model of need for approval on suicidality via detachment was significant in women, but not men. Young men and women seem at risk for increased suicidal ideation based on specific attachment and personality characteristics, which should be considered for the development of prevention and therapeutic interventions.
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Franzoi IG, Sauta MD, Carnevale G, Granieri A. Student Counseling Centers in Europe: A Retrospective Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:894423. [PMID: 35529546 PMCID: PMC9072741 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.894423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Tertiary education can be stressful for many young people, who consistently report high levels of distress. The issue has major implications for campus health services and mental health policymaking more widely. The present study proposes to map student counseling services in Europe. Methods The sample of institutions was sourced, using standardized data extraction, from the European Tertiary Education Register (ETER). Then, each institution's website was analyzed for information about the availability of student counseling centers and the services provided. Data extracted from the ETER database were: ETER ID, national identifier, institution name, English institution name, number of students, legal status (in English), institution category (in English), and institutional website. Data extracted from institutions' websites concerned the availability of students' psychological centers and the services provided. Analyses were carried out using the SPSS Statistics software package (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States), version 26. Results Overall, it was found that most institutions do not provide mental health counseling services for their students. Institutions of medium dimensions showed a higher probability of reporting students' psychological centers than small institutions. Moreover, private institutions and public institutions were more likely to report having such centers, while private government-dependent institutions were less likely. Universities of applied sciences and universities were more likely to report having them, while other institutions were less likely. Regarding provision according to geographic area, compared to Northern Europe, every other European region was less likely to report featuring such centers. Most institutions reported offering counseling, career counseling, or not otherwise specified psychological services, but only a small number reported providing services such as psychotherapy, psychiatric services, or counseling for learning-specific disabilities. Conclusion It is critically important to catalog European data on student counseling centers and services, to encourage tertiary education institutions to invest in such services as key sites for mental health promotion. Indeed, professionally trained staff and the possibility of long-term treatment options would go a long way in supporting students who might not otherwise have access to treatment.
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Zhang C, Shi L, Tian T, Zhou Z, Peng X, Shen Y, Li Y, Ou J. Associations Between Academic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Mediated by Anxiety Symptoms and Hopelessness Among Chinese College Students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:547-556. [PMID: 35282002 PMCID: PMC8906854 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s353778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients and Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Tong Tian
- School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Xiyuan Peng
- School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yidong Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjun Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Correspondence: Yamin Li; Jianjun Ou, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-0731-85294072; +86 17775861486, Email ;
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Sousa GSD, Ramos BMD, Tonaco LAB, Reinaldo AMDS, Pereira MO, Botti NCL. Factors associated with suicide ideation of healthcare university students. Rev Bras Enferm 2022; 75. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the factors associated with suicidal ideation in students from healthcare graduation courses. Methods: quantitative, cross-sectional study, with 251 students from the courses of radiology, speech-language therapy, medicine, nutrition, health service management, and nursing, from a federal higher education institution in the Southeast of Brazil. Data were collected from August to October 2019, using an electronic questionnaire. Results: the prevalence of suicidal ideation among participants was 26.33%. In the final logistic regression model, only depressive symptoms were associated with suicidal ideation. Having symptoms of depression increased the chances of suicidal ideation 2.6 times. Conclusion: the high prevalence of suicidal ideation and its associated factors constitutes a situational diagnosis that demands the elaboration of public and institutional policies, focused on the promotion and attention to the mental health of the students.
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Sousa GSD, Ramos BMD, Tonaco LAB, Reinaldo AMDS, Pereira MO, Botti NCL. Factors associated with suicide ideation of healthcare university students. Rev Bras Enferm 2021; 75Suppl. 3:e20200982. [PMID: 34852151 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to analyze the factors associated with suicidal ideation in students from healthcare graduation courses. METHODS quantitative, cross-sectional study, with 251 students from the courses of radiology, speech-language therapy, medicine, nutrition, health service management, and nursing, from a federal higher education institution in the Southeast of Brazil. Data were collected from August to October 2019, using an electronic questionnaire. RESULTS the prevalence of suicidal ideation among participants was 26.33%. In the final logistic regression model, only depressive symptoms were associated with suicidal ideation. Having symptoms of depression increased the chances of suicidal ideation 2.6 times. CONCLUSION the high prevalence of suicidal ideation and its associated factors constitutes a situational diagnosis that demands the elaboration of public and institutional policies, focused on the promotion and attention to the mental health of the students.
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Yu Y, Lau JT, Lau MM. Development and validation of the conservation of resources scale for COVID-19 in the Chinese adult general population. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:6447-6456. [PMID: 34155427 PMCID: PMC8210506 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused severe and multi-dimensional resource losses among individuals. The Conservation of Resource (COR) theory postulates that resource loss generates related stress responses. It can suitably be applied to understand the pandemic's encompassing adverse consequences. Yet, no assessment tool exists. This study hence developed and validated the COR Scale for COVID-19 (CORS-COVID-19) to facilitate relevant research. The five hypothesized domains included losses in financial resource, family resource, future control, fun, and social resource. A population-based random telephone survey interviewed 300 Chinese adults in the general population in Hong Kong, China during April 3-10, 2020. The levels of different types of resource losses were high (especially for loss in fun). The 5-factor structure identified by factor analysis matches with the five hypothesized dimensions. Its psychometric properties are acceptable, including good internal consistency, content validity (the correlations between the items and their respective subscales were stronger than that between the items and the other four subscales), concurrent validity (significant correlations between the scale/subscale scores and both emotional distress due to COVID-19 and satisfaction with living in Hong Kong), and convergent validity (significant correlations between specific subscales and corresponding external variables). Relatively high floor effects were detected in some subscales. The scale, which is the first of the types to assess resource losses during a pandemic, can provide theory-based understandings/assessment about the negative impacts of COVID-19. It also facilitates warranted comparisons across countries and time periods in future studies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-01933-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yu
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Joseph T.F. Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Mason M.C. Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong China
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Franzoi IG, D’Ovidio F, Costa G, d’Errico A, Granieri A. Self-Rated Health and Psychological Distress among Emerging Adults in Italy: A Comparison between Data on University Students, Young Workers and Working Students Collected through the 2005 and 2013 National Health Surveys. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126403. [PMID: 34199210 PMCID: PMC8296246 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background. The present study aimed at comparing self-reported physical health and mental health among university students, workers, and working students aged between 19 years and 29 years. Method. Using data from National Health Surveys held in 2005 and 2013, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 18,612 Italian emerging adults grouped into three groups: university students, workers, and working students. The odds ratios of self-reported anxiety or depression, poor general health, and poor mental health and physical health (as assessed through SF-12) were estimated through logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results. Compared with workers, students showed an increased risk of anxiety or depression and a lower risk of poor general health. Students and working students showed an increased risk of reporting weak mental health compared with that in workers, while students displayed a lower risk of poor physical health. Significant differences were not found between the 2005 and 2013 surveys. Conclusions. These results are of considerable importance for psychologists as well as educational and occupation-based institutions for planning prevention programs and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizio D’Ovidio
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Costa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Angelo d’Errico
- Department of Epidemiology, Azienda Sanitaria Locale TO3, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
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Granieri A, Franzoi IG, Chung MC. Editorial: Psychological Distress Among University Students. Front Psychol 2021; 12:647940. [PMID: 33828513 PMCID: PMC8019774 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Man C Chung
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Tasnim R, Islam MS, Sujan MSH, Sikder MT, Potenza MN. Suicidal ideation among Bangladeshi university students early during the COVID-19 pandemic: Prevalence estimates and correlates. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2020; 119:105703. [PMID: 33204046 PMCID: PMC7654299 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lockdown, social isolation, and interruption of daily life during the COVID-19 period have impacted many lives. University students are particularly vulnerable to such disruptions and may be particularly disposed to suicidal ideation, potentially creating a new public health crisis. This study aimed to assess suicidal ideation and associated factors among university students in Bangladesh during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted using the Google form (Google survey tool) from April to May 2020. Initially, 3366 respondents voluntarily completed the survey form. Finally, 3331 surveys were included in the final analyses after removing incomplete surveys. The data ware reviewed, rechecked, and analyzed with SPSS (25.0 version) software. A total of 1979 (59.4%) males and 1352 (40.6%) females participated. Respondents were between the ages of 18 to 28 years (mean age 21.4 years [SD = 1.9]). The prevalence estimate of suicidal ideation was 12.8%. Potential risk factors included less sleep, excess sleep, cigarette smoking, past suicidal thoughts, suicide attempt history, family history of suicidality, depression, anxiety, and stress. Potential protective factors included being male, having lower SES, living in rural areas, regular physical exercise, and satisfactory study. Suicidal ideation was prevalent among Bangladeshi university students during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the correlates of suicidal ideation may aid to develop targeted strategies to support students during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia Tasnim
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Youth Research Association, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Youth Research Association, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Safaet Hossain Sujan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Youth Research Association, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Naghavi A, Teismann T, Asgari Z, Mohebbian MR, Mansourian M, Mañanas MÁ. Accurate Diagnosis of Suicide Ideation/Behavior Using Robust Ensemble Machine Learning: A University Student Population in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E956. [PMID: 33207776 PMCID: PMC7696788 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is one of the most critical public health concerns in the world and the second cause of death among young people in many countries. However, to date, no study can diagnose suicide ideation/behavior among university students in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region using a machine learning approach. Therefore, stability feature selection and stacked ensembled decision trees were employed in this classification problem. A total of 573 university students responded to a battery of questionnaires. Three-fold cross-validation with a variety of performance indices was sued. The proposed diagnostic system had excellent balanced diagnosis accuracy (AUC = 0.90 [CI 95%: 0.86-0.93]) with a high correlation between predicted and observed class labels, fair discriminant power, and excellent class labeling agreement rate. Results showed that 23 items out of all items could accurately diagnose suicide ideation/behavior. These items were psychological problems and how to experience trauma, from the demographic variables, nine items from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5), two items from Post Traumatic Growth (PTG), two items from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), six items from the Positive Mental Health (PMH) questionnaire, and one item related to social support. Such features could be used as a screening tool to identify young adults who are at risk of suicide ideation/behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Naghavi
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Azadi Sq, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44787 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Zahra Asgari
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohebbian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada;
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Automatic Control Department (ESAII), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Miguel Ángel Mañanas
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Automatic Control Department (ESAII), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Akhtar P, Ma L, Waqas A, Naveed S, Li Y, Rahman A, Wang Y. Prevalence of depression among university students in low and middle income countries (LMICs): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:911-919. [PMID: 32664032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Though university years are peak time for the onset of many mental health problems including depression, knowledge on the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. This study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in LMICs. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and WHO Global Health Library for studies published between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies conducted in LMICs (as defined by World Bank), having a sample size≥500 and published in English were identified. Data on study characteristics and prevalence of depressive symptoms was extracted by two investigators. Estimate of prevalence was pooled in meta-analysis using random-effects meta-analysis. Sub-group differences were estimated using mixed-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS Depressive symptoms prevalence data were extracted from 37 studies involving 76,608 individuals in 20 countries. Studies on depression among university students in LMICs were limited, and most were based on non-representative and small study samples. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 24.4% (95% CI, 19.2% -30.5%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence did not vary by study design, sampling technique, sample size, study major, educational level, economic regions, and screening instrument. LIMITATIONS Only English language studies were included. Included studies were diverse in design, screening tool, and sample size that introduced substantial heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Overall prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in LMICs was 24.4%, however, finding should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed to address the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Akhtar
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Human Development Research Foundation, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yixuan Li
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Atif Rahman
- Institute of Life and Human Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Youfa Wang
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China; Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA..
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Ghodsi Z, Moghaddam SS, Vezvaei P, Yoosefi M, Rezaei N, Saadat S, Sheidaei A, Sharif-Alhoseini M, Sadeghian F, Ahmadi N, Jazayeri SB, Salamati P, Khosravi A, Moradi-Lakeh M, Mokdad AH, O'Reilly G, Rahimi-Movaghar V. The mortality rate from self-harm in Iran. Public Health 2020; 186:44-51. [PMID: 32768623 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm-related death is one of the most unfortunate, tragic, and regrettable types of death owing to injuries with a variety of socio-economic and cultural causes. The study aimed to determine the trend in the mortality of self-harm by sex and age at national and provincial levels in Iran over a period of 26 years. METHODS The Iran Death Registration System (DRS), cemetery databanks in Tehran and Esfahan, and the national population and housing censuses of Iran were used for this study. Using a growth model, the population was estimated in the age groups. Incompleteness, misalignment, and misclassification in the DRS were all considered and addressed accordingly. We used a spatio-temporal and Gaussian process regression model to estimate mortality rates in children and adults. RESULTS Over the study period, 67,670 deaths were estimated owing to self-harm across the country. The overall age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 4.32 per 100,000 (95% unit interface (UI): 3.25-5.75) to 2.78 (2.15-3.59) per 100,000 between 1990 and 2015, a reduction of approximately 35.65%. The M/F ratio was 2.03:1 with an annual percent change of -2.38% and -1.37% for women and men, respectively. The annual self-harm mortality rate was higher among individuals aged 15-24 years, as well as it was more in men during the study period. CONCLUSION Mortality from self-harm has declined over the study period in Iran. Higher rates in men and in population aged 15-24 years, with considerable variation by province, were the distinguishing features of self-harm. Iran needs to improve monitoring through a comprehensive multisectoral strategy; and most importantly, provide timely, effective and low-cost preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ghodsi
- Department of Midwifery, Tuyserkan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tuyserkan, Iran.
| | - S S Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - P Vezvaei
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Yoosefi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - N Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S Saadat
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A Sheidaei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Sharif-Alhoseini
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - F Sadeghian
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - N Ahmadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S B Jazayeri
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center, Fontana, CA, USA.
| | - P Salamati
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A Khosravi
- Deputy for Public Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Washington, USA.
| | - G O'Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - V Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Franzoi IG, Sauta MD, Granieri A. State and Trait Anxiety Among University Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Negative Affectivity, Alexithymia, and Housing Conditions. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1255. [PMID: 32587555 PMCID: PMC7298066 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Starting university education is a crucial period for the mental health of students, who report higher levels of distress compared to the general population. This study sought to better understand the distress experienced by students by considering contextual facets (e.g., housing conditions) as well as stable clinical variables (e.g., negative affectivity, emotion regulation, and anxiety). Methods A total of 177 University students (71.2% females) aged 18-29 were administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Suicidal History Self-Rating Screening Scale, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. Results University students showed concerning levels of distress, particularly concerning anxiety, and depression. We found that the relationship between negative affectivity and both state and trait anxiety was mediated by alexithymia but housing conditions did not act as a moderator for the indirect effect of negative affectivity on state or trait anxiety through alexithymia. Conclusion Undoubtedly, university lifestyle can be demanding, but experiencing distress is not inevitable nor inexplicable. The present study sought to gain insight into the anxiety experienced by Italian University students while taking into account the importance of personality and clinical characteristics that have previously been widely underestimated. We found that these characteristics can be of extreme importance for developing preventative and therapeutic interventions tailored to the clinical characteristics of students, as well taking into account their living environment.
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Depression, Acculturative Stress, and Social Connectedness among International University Students in Japan: A Statistical Investigation. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11030878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) This study aims to examine the prevalence of depression and its correlation with Acculturative Stress and Social Connectedness among domestic and international students in an international university in Japan. (2) Methods: A Web-based survey was distributed among several classes of students of the university, which yielded 268 responses. On the survey, a nine-item tool from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Social Connectedness Scale (SCS) and Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students (ASSIS) were used together with socio-demographic data. (3) Results: The prevalence of depression was higher among international than domestic students (37.81% and 29.85%, respectively). English language proficiency and student age (20 years old) showed a significant correlation with depression among domestic students (β = −1.63, p = 0.038 and β = 2.24, p = 0.048). Stay length (third year) also displayed a significant correlation with depression among international students (β = 1.08, p = 0.032). Among international and domestic students, a statistically significant positive correlation between depression and acculturative stress, and negative associations of social connectedness with depression and acculturative stress were also found. (4) Conclusions: The high prevalence of depression, and its association with Acculturation stress and Social Connectedness, among the students in this study highlight the importance of implementing support programs which consider the role of Acculturation and Social Connectedness.
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Ahmad SM, Masroor D, Azhar I, Ahmed N. Retrospective cost-utility and budget impact assessments of Hypericum perforatum in contrast with Fluoxetine treatment for depression in Karachi, Pakistan. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000217210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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