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Indhumathi T, Nisha B, Durairaj J, Ramesh Kumar TC, Selva Savari Raj J, Swarup A, Ponnambalam T, Raghavan V. Factors predicting employment status among persons with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study from Chennai, India. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024:207640241280161. [PMID: 39235219 DOI: 10.1177/00207640241280161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even among other mental disorders, a diagnosis of schizophrenia is associated with an abnormally low employment rate. However, those who can find employment report mental health improvements and diminishing symptoms. AIMS In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed a variety of sociodemographic factors between groups of schizophrenia-diagnosed employed and unemployed individuals to attempt to determine any causal relationships. METHODS A group of 52 employed and 48 unemployed individuals from the same outpatient hospital were surveyed. Patients were asked about their sociodemographic background and employment history, as well as subjected to a variety of tests to quantify critical aspects of their symptomatology. These included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), and Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were administered to assess comorbid depression and anxiety. Lastly, the Simpson Angus Scale (SAS) measured any extrapyramidal side effects caused by the patients' medications. RESULTS Initial analysis by the Student's t-test and chi-square test revealed correlations between employment status and symptomatology, but upon performing logistic regression, peer support was found to be the only significant predictor of employment status (OR = 0.119, CI [0.40, 0.354], p = .001). Based on these results, the creation of peer support systems at work through fostering inclusive, well-informed, and destigmatized environments should be employers' predominant focus. CONCLUSION Future studies conducted longitudinally can strengthen the conclusions found and confirm the optimal manners in which to address the matter of aiding the integration of schizophrenic and similarly symptomatic individuals into the labor force.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Indhumathi
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Nisha
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | - Adith Swarup
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Diao M, Demchenko I, Asare G, Chen Y, Debruille JB. Quantifying the effects of practicing a semantic task according to subclinical schizotypy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2900. [PMID: 38316943 PMCID: PMC10844607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The learning ability of individuals within the schizophrenia spectrum is crucial for their psychosocial rehabilitation. When selecting a treatment, it is thus essential to consider the impact of medications on practice effects, an important type of learning ability. To achieve this end goal, a pre-treatment test has to be developed and tested in healthy participants first. This is the aim of the current work, which takes advantage of the schizotypal traits present in these participants to preliminary assess the test's validity for use among patients. In this study, 47 healthy participants completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and performed a semantic categorization task twice, with a 1.5-hour gap between sessions. Practice was found to reduce reaction times (RTs) in both low- and high-SPQ scorers. Additionally, practice decreased the amplitudes of the N400 event-related brain potentials elicited by semantically matching words in low SPQ scorers only, which shows the sensitivity of the task to schizotypy. Across the two sessions, both RTs and N400 amplitudes had good test-retest reliability. This task could thus be a valuable tool. Ongoing studies are currently evaluating the impact of fully deceptive placebos and of real antipsychotic medications on these practice effects. This round of research should subsequently assist psychiatrists in making informed decisions about selecting the most suitable medication for the psychosocial rehabilitation of a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Diao
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ilya Demchenko
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gifty Asare
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yelin Chen
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Bruno Debruille
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Neurosciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Thekkumkara S, Rawat VS, Jagannathan A, Muliyala KP. Vocational rehabilitation in persons with mental illness in India: A scoping review. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:13-22. [PMID: 37387462 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231183920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Employment has a therapeutic impact, enhances community integration and improves the quality of life of persons with mental illness (PwMI). Vocational rehabilitation (VR) models must be sensitive to existing needs and resources. Several VR models have been tested in high income countries. Mapping different VR models in India would help both practitioners and policymakers. AIM The study aimed to comprehensively review VR models tested among PwMI in India. METHODS We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews. We included interventional studies, case studies and grey literature carried out for the VR of PwMI in India. The search was done in PubMed, PsychInfo, worldwide science and Web of Science. Google Scholar was used to supplement the search. A Boolean search using MeSH terms was carried out for the period January 2000 to December 2022. RESULTS A total of twelve studies (one feasibility study, four case studies, four institute-based intervention studies and two studies reporting NGOs' role) were included in the final synthesis. The studies included in the review were either quasi-experimental studies or case based. Types of VR included supported employment or place and train or train and place models, case management and prevocational skills training. CONCLUSION Limited studies exist on VR in PwMI from India. Most studies assessed a restricted set of outcomes. The experiences of NGOs should be published so that practical challenges can be understood. There is a need for public-private partnerships in designing and testing services and should involve all the stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vikram Singh Rawat
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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Özer G, Işık İ, Escartín J. Is There Somebody Looking out for Me? A Qualitative Analysis of Bullying Experiences of Individuals Diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:137. [PMID: 38397628 PMCID: PMC10887664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organisation, there are globally 40 million individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), and they experience stigma and discrimination, as many people with mental illness do. Work bullying (WB) is a common organisational problem, deteriorating the well-being and performance of employees and organisations. Although WB experiences have been researched for over three decades, we do not know much about the experiences of this group and what they need to extend their work-life. The current research aims to understand the workplace bullying experiences of individuals with BD and factors that may foster or hinder their participation in the labour force. The research methodology was based on in-depth interviews with 19 employees diagnosed with BD. Bullying experiences were mapped onto the Negative Acts Questionnaire. The data were analysed using the deductive qualitative content analysis on MAXQDA. Results showed that individuals with BD were exposed to bullying in work settings. Perceived reasons for the negative behaviours were mainly the undesirable individual characteristics of the bully, prejudices toward bipolar disorder, and already-existing toxic behaviours within the organisation. To reduce bullying, participants suggested that, among others, top management include equal and fair treatment of disadvantaged employees as performance criteria for supervisors and that organisations provide training against bullying, investigate complaints, apply sanctions, and establish an inclusive environment. If organisations set a stable and enduring vision, enhance a common identity for all employees, work on team building, and emphasise team efforts and goals, the organisational environment would be more inclusive, and individuals with BD would have longer work lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülüm Özer
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK;
| | - İdil Işık
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul 34353, Türkiye;
| | - Jordi Escartín
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK;
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Thi Ngoc Pham A, Chang HC, Malau IA, Chiu WC, Huang KC, Chang JPC, Tang CH, Su KP. Change of employment status in patients with depression - A longitudinal study using national claims data. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 84:103595. [PMID: 37099922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Depression increases an individual's risk of work disability, sick leave, unemployment, and early retirement. This population-based study identified 3673 depressive patients utilizing national claim data from Taiwan and aimed to investigate changes in employment status among depressive patients, compared to matched controls, with the longest observation of up to 12 years. This study found depressive patients had an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.24 for changing to non-income earners compared to controls. Moreover, younger age, lower payroll bracket, urbanity, and geographical area were associated with increased risk among patients with depression. Despite these increased risks, most depressive patients remained employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Thi Ngoc Pham
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Faculty of Nursing, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Hui-Chih Chang
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ikbal Andrian Malau
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cherh Huang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiun Tang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Khalid A, Syed J. A relational perspective of schizophrenia at work. EQUALITY, DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/edi-06-2022-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
PurposeDespite a plethora of research on diversity and inclusion, workplace-related issues pertaining to individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) remain grossly underexplored. This paper seeks to develop a relational, multilevel perspective of issues and challenges faced by individuals with SCZ in the work and career.Design/methodology/approachThe research draws on the findings from in-depth, qualitative interviews with schizophrenic individuals, individuals’ family members, healthcare professionals and nongovernmental organization (NGO) representatives.FindingsThe findings highlight the interconnected nature of multilevel issues faced by schizophrenic individuals and indicate that at the societal level, social stigma, economic conditions and inadequate government policies are the key challenges faced by them. At the organizational level workplace support and job suitability and design affect individuals’ employment. At the individual level, self-stigma affects the employability in a negative way whereas personal motivation and resilience, family and social support and realization of illness are the facilitating factors.Originality/valueThe study adds to disability and diversity literature by developing a relational perspective that holistically captures the issues faced by schizophrenic individuals and suggests that the work and employment-related issues may be simultaneously addressed at multiple levels.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery in mental illness is not synonymous with cure. Personal recovery approach consider recovery as a process and not as an outcome. This approach takes into account the subjective meaning of recovery by assessing how a person has learned to accommodate and live with an illness. AIM To study the personal meaning of recovery among persons with schizophrenia. METHOD This article presents the findings of a qualitative study about what 'recovery' means to persons with schizophrenia. A semi structured interview schedule was prepared based on literature review and expert opinion. Twenty participants who met the inclusion criteria and personally consider themselves recovering/recovered from schizophrenia were selected for the in-depth qualitative interviews. Data was analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Meaning of recovery from each participant's perspective was recorded. FINDINGS The results indicate factors that patients deem important for their recovery are, absence of symptoms, regaining functioning, being able to work, having adequate emotional stability and not being on medicines. The findings are examined in the background of the previous studies and suggestions for clinical practice and research is also discussed. CONCLUSION Recovery is far more than remission of symptoms. Persons with mental illness has their own criteria of recovery, which could be very distinct from the clinical definition. Current study findings can help in identifying meaning of recovery through the perspectives of persons with mental illness and in developing and implementing recovery-oriented services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Tess Mathew
- School of Social Work, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bergai Parthsarathy Nirmala
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - John Vijay Sagar Kommu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Angothu H, Philip S, Jadhav P, Jayarajan D, Jagannathan A, Krishna Prasad M, Thirthalli J. Unequal Representation of Persons with Disabling Mental Health Conditions in the Quota-Based Employment Reservations Notified by a Public Service Commission. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2022; 26:230-233. [PMID: 37033748 PMCID: PMC10077722 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_239_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act 2016 of India intends to achieve greater representation of persons with benchmark disabilities (PwBD) at government establishments and reserve at least 4% of employment vacancies for PwBD. Of this 4%, 1% is reserved for PwBD with disabling mental health conditions (PwBD-MHC) and multiple disabilities, and 1% each for PwBD due to other disabling conditions like blindness, hearing, and locomotor impairment. Methods We analyzed all the employment vacancy announcements (EVAs) made by the Indian union public service commission (UPSC) during the calendar year 2020 for their adherence to quota-based employment reservations (QBER). Results Eighteen vacancy advertisements made during the year 2020, for a total of 1370 posts under various departments, announced a total of 57 posts as reserved for PwBD under the QBER system, satisfying the minimum 4% quota. However, none of these posts is reserved for PwBD-MHC. Further, only 7 out of 1370 were described as suitable for PwBD-MHC, implying that 1363 are not suitable for them. Conclusions The QBER system and the subdivision of quotas are well-intended to achieve the minimum representation of PwBD across all categories of jobs. However, the EVAs by UPSC in the year 2020 did not reserve any posts for PwBD-MHC and perhaps inadvertently excluded them from consideration for the majority of posts announced even under the unreserved category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hareesh Angothu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharad Philip
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabhu Jadhav
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Jayarajan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aarti Jagannathan
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Krishna Prasad
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jagadish Thirthalli
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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9
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van Beukering IE, Smits SJC, Janssens KME, Bogaers RI, Joosen MCW, Bakker M, van Weeghel J, Brouwers EPM. In What Ways Does Health Related Stigma Affect Sustainable Employment and Well-Being at Work? A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022; 32:365-379. [PMID: 34487290 PMCID: PMC9576674 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-021-09998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies are increasingly showing that health related stigma is a barrier to employment, but it is not known how. The aim of this systematic review is to identify, appraise and analyse studies that have directly or indirectly addressed ways in which stigma affects sustainable employment and well-being at work of people with disabilities. METHODS Using a multiphase screening process, this review is based on a comprehensive literature search (2000-2019) carried out in six electronic databases: Embase, Web of Science, Medline Ovid, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. RESULTS 7.263 publications were identified; 96 studies were found eligible to be included in the review. 72% of the studies were conducted in North America or Europe. Few studies directly assessed how stigma affects the employment of people with disabilities. Most studies highlighted that attitudes and behaviour of employers formed a barrier to employment, as well as anticipated stigma and self-stigma in people with health problems. However, the findings also showed that the attitudes and behaviour of co-workers, health care professionals, reintegration professionals, customers, and family and friends could act as a barrier to employment although these influences are under-researched. Although many similarities were seen in the relevant findings of studies about both physical and mental disabilities, several nuances were found. CONCLUSION Stigma hampers sustainable employment and well-being in multiple ways. Whereas the number of publications on this topic is rapidly increasing, the roles of health care professionals, reintegration professionals, co-workers, customers, and family and friends particularly warrant more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E van Beukering
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Inspectorate SZW, Den Haag, The Netherlands.
- , P.O. Box 90513, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - S J C Smits
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Summa College, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - K M E Janssens
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - R I Bogaers
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defense, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - M C W Joosen
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - M Bakker
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - J van Weeghel
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Phrenos Center of Expertise, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E P M Brouwers
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Maddineshat M, Cheraghi F, Ghaleiha A, Khalafbeigi M, Sadeghian E. Exploring the return-to-work process in working people with serious mental illness. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 38:21-28. [PMID: 35461643 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies examined the return-to-work (RTW) process in working people after recovery from serious mental illness (SMI). PURPOSE The RTW process was explored in working people with SMI. METHOD A qualitative study was conducted using the grounded theory. Twenty seven interviews were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss's approach (2015). RESULTS The core category "syncing with an ordinary workstream" emerged with three categories: "proceeding RTW strategies," "staying at work strategies," and "relative adaptation with work." CONCLUSION "Syncing with an ordinary workstream" can help researchers develop a new practice model to facilitate the RTW process in working people with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Maddineshat
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. https://twitter.com/MMaddineshat
| | - Fatemeh Cheraghi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Disease (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. https://twitter.com/drghalehia
| | - Mitra Khalafbeigi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. https://twitter.com/BeigiMitra
| | - Efat Sadeghian
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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11
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Lettieri A, Díez E, Soto-Pérez F, Bernate-Navarro M. Employment related barriers and facilitators for people with psychiatric disabilities in Spain. Work 2022; 71:901-915. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-213642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: People with mental health-related disabilities still experience difficulties in obtaining and maintaining a job. Previous international studies inform about employment barriers and facilitators but there is insufficient research in Spain. OBJECTIVE: To explore what type of employment barriers and facilitators were important for people with psychiatric disabilities with past work experiences in competitive and protected work settings. METHODS: In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews with 24 participants selected through purposive sampling. RESULTS: The personal sphere was the content most closely related to barriers, followed by the social environment. Facilitators were more closely related to the interviewees’ social network, followed by elements in their personal sphere and job environment. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the need to implement supported employment services in Spain to promote hiring people with psychiatric disabilities in competitive companies. The results also indicate the need to implement new services aimed at supporting the management of disability information during the process of obtaining and maintaining a job, while there is still a need to conduct anti-stigma and anti-discrimination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lettieri
- Psychology Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- INTRAS Foundation, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Emiliano Díez
- Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad (INICO), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Felipe Soto-Pérez
- Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad (INICO), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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Mousa M, Mahmood M. Mental Illness of Management Educators: Does Holding Multiple Academic Jobs Play a Role? A Qualitative Study. PUBLIC ORGANIZATION REVIEW 2022. [PMCID: PMC8935113 DOI: 10.1007/s11115-022-00612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Through addressing management educators in four public business schools in Egypt, the authors of this paper aim to uncover the impact of holding multiple academic jobs on the mental health of management educators. The paper asserts that management educators do not perceive the holding of multiple academic roles as a stimulant of any form of mental illness (e.g., anxiety, depression, stress) if it is accompanied by a sense of autonomy (proper teaching loads, rational time for supervising theses, reasonable requests for research production) a feeling of competence (relevant monthly salary, available training and learning opportunities) and a sense of relatedness (feeling of involvement, flexible work hours, option to work from home).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mousa
- Department of Management Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
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Baghwar P, Rathinam B, Cherian AV, Pandian RD. Letter to the editor. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 65:102860. [PMID: 34547595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Baghwar
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Bharath Rathinam
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Anish V Cherian
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - R Dhanasekara Pandian
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
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Widiyawati W, Yusuf A, Rukmini Devy S. Developing a vocational social rehabilitation model to increase the independence of the instrumental activity of daily living (ADL) among people with severe mental illness. J Public Health Res 2021; 10. [PMID: 33960185 PMCID: PMC8561463 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the efforts made to return people with severe mental illness to the community is to prepare with sufficient skills so then they can return to a productive life. The purpose of this study was to develop a vocational social rehabilitation model to increase the independence of the instrumental activity of daily living (ADL) among people with severe mental illness. Design and Methods: The study was conducted in 2 stages. Phase 1 used an observational design with a cross sectional approach. It was conducted at the Menur Mental Hospital from March to July 2020. The population of this study were all people with severe mental illness with a psychotic degree scoring ≥30. The total sample was 100. The data was analyzed using the Partial Least Square. The second phase was carried out by compiling modules from strategic issues and conducting expert consultations. Results: The results of phase 1 showed that the instrumental ADL independence was directly influenced by perceived behavior, memory phase, motivation phase, skills and intention. Additionally, it is indirectly influenced by socio-demography, mental illness severity, attitude towards behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation and skill. The results of the phase 2 carried out were used to compile modules based on the stages of vocational rehabilitation consisting of determining eligibility, preparatory counseling, implementing rehabilitation, evaluation and ongoing support. Conclusion: The vocational social rehabilitation model is related to the independence of the Instrumental ADL among people with severe mental illness. Significance for public health Vocational social rehabilitation is included in prevention level of public health. The aim of vocational social rehabilitation is to increase the independence of the instrumental activity of daily living (ADL) among people with severe mental illness. So, people with mental illness could productively in society and not depend on others. In addition, the vocational social rehabilitation could develop the physical, mental and social abilities among people with mental illness. It is necessary to have rehabilitation institutions that involve the community so people with mental illness can return to normal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwik Widiyawati
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik.
| | - Ah Yusuf
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.
| | - Shrimarti Rukmini Devy
- Departement of Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.
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Gamieldien F, Galvaan R, Myers B, Syed Z, Sorsdahl K. Exploration of recovery of people living with severe mental illness (SMI) in low/middle-income countries (LMICs): a scoping review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045005. [PMID: 33762242 PMCID: PMC7993175 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the literature on how recovery of people with severe mental illness (SMI) is conceptualised in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), and in particular what factors are thought to facilitate recovery. DESIGN Scoping review. DATA SOURCES AND ELIGIBILITY We searched 14 electronic databases, hand searched citations and consulted with experts during the period May-December 2019. Eligible studies were independently screened for inclusion and exclusion by two reviewers. Unresolved discrepancies were referred to a third reviewer. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS All bibliographical data and study characteristics were extracted using a data charting form. Selected studies were analysed through a thematic analysis emerging from extracted data. RESULTS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram offers a summary of the results: 4201 titles, 1530 abstracts and 109 full-text articles were screened. Ten articles were selected for inclusion: two from Turkey, two from India, and one each from China, Swaziland, Indonesia, Egypt, South Africa and Vietnam. Although most studies used qualitative methods, data collection and sampling methods were heterogeneous. One study reported on service provider perspectives while the rest provided perspectives from a combination of service users and caregivers. Three themes emerged from the data analysis. First, studies frame recovery as a personal journey occurring along a continuum. Second, there was an emphasis on social relationships as a facilitator of recovery. Third, spirituality emerged as both a facilitator and an indicator of recovery. These themes were not mutually exclusive and some overlap exists. CONCLUSION Although there were commonalities with how high-income countries describe recovery, we also found differences in conceptualisation. These differences in how recovery was understood reflect the importance of framing the personal recovery concept in relation to local needs and contextual issues found in LMICs. This review highlighted the current sparse evidence base and the need to better understand recovery from SMI in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Gamieldien
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa
- Inclusive Practices Africa Research Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Roshan Galvaan
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa
- Inclusive Practices Africa Research Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bronwyn Myers
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Division of Addiction Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Zarina Syed
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Katherine Sorsdahl
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
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Khare C, Mueser KT, Bahaley M, Vax S, McGurk SR. Employment in people with severe mental illnesses receiving public sector psychiatric services in India. Psychiatry Res 2021; 296:113673. [PMID: 33418456 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The limited literature on employment in people with severe mental illnesses (SMI) in developing countries suggests higher rates than in developed countries. The present study explored rates and associated characteristics of work in people receiving public psychiatric services. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 150 individuals with SMI (90% schizophrenia-spectrum) receiving public outpatient psychiatric services in an urban district in western India to evaluate employment. Forty percent of participants were employed, most for independent employers (86.7%), and were working an average of 53 hours/week. Earning money was reported as the primary motivation to work. A high proportion (92.2%) of unemployed participants wanted to work. Common barriers to work for unemployed participants who were interested in working were psychological (e.g., stress), mental illness (e.g., symptoms), and work-related factors (e.g., difficulty finding a job). Help finding a job and managing mental illness were the primary desired supports. Rates of employment in people with SMI living in urban areas in India are higher than in developed countries, but much lower than the general population. The high interest in work coupled with specific barriers and desired supports point to the need for vocational rehabilitation for improving the employment functioning of people with SMI in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Khare
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, 940 Commonwealth Ave. West, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Kim T Mueser
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, 940 Commonwealth Ave. West, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Occupational Therapy and Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | - Sigal Vax
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, 940 Commonwealth Ave. West, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Susan R McGurk
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, 940 Commonwealth Ave. West, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Occupational Therapy and Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Hastuti R, Timming AR. An inter-disciplinary review of the literature on mental illness disclosure in the workplace: implications for human resource management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2021.1875494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Hastuti
- School of Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Islamic Business and Economics, IAIN, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
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18
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Hennekam S, Follmer K, Beatty JE. The paradox of mental illness and employment: a person-job fit lens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2020.1867618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hennekam
- Management Department, Audencia Business School, Nantes, France
| | - Kayla Follmer
- John Chambers College of Business & Economics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Joy E. Beatty
- College of Business, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
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Rangarajan SK, Muliyala KP, Jadhav P, Philip S, Angothu H, Thirthalli J. Reasonable Accommodation at the Workplace for Professionals with Severe Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study of Needs. Indian J Psychol Med 2020; 42:445-450. [PMID: 33414591 PMCID: PMC7750859 DOI: 10.1177/0253717620939771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professionals with Severe Mental Illness (PwSMI) often face challenges in obtaining and retaining employment. For equal and effective participation, they may require reasonable workplace adjustments. The recently legislated Rights of Persons With Disabilities Act 2016 in India defines such adjustments as reasonable accommodations. METHODS In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 consenting PwSMI availing psychiatric rehabilitation services at a tertiary mental health institute in India, five mental health professionals, and five employers. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and coded manually by two independent investigators. Inductive content analysis approach was used for qualitative analysis. RESULTS The detected themes included modifications in work schedule, supports to improve work efficiency, modifications in the work environment, modifications in the work-related appraisal, supportive employer policy, and integration of services. The participants described the term "undue burden" to be ambiguous. CONCLUSIONS The reported reasonable accommodations are non-structural and mainly dependent on human assistance. Vocational rehabilitation and job reintegration efforts can focus on guided negotiations between employers and PwSMI. This is dependent on at least some degree of disclosure. Awareness regarding reasonable accommodation and stigma reduction is necessary for successful implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini K Rangarajan
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services, Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Prasad Muliyala
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services, Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabhu Jadhav
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services, Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharad Philip
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services, Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hareesh Angothu
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services, Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jagadisha Thirthalli
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services, Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Singla N, Avasthi A, Grover S. Recovery and its correlates in patients with schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 52:102162. [PMID: 32562926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Little information is available from India, on psychological recovery in patients with schizophrenia. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the correlates and stages of the psychological recovery of patients with schizophrenia. 100 patients, in clinical remission, were evaluated on Stages of Recovery Instrument (STORI), Functional Social Support Questionnaire, WHO Quality of life-BREF, Ways of Coping Checklist, Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder and Knowledge of mental illness scale. Majority of the patients (N = 50) belonged to the stage-5 (Growth), and this was followed by those in the stage-4 (stage of rebuilding; N = 22) and stage-3 (stage of preparation; N = 16) of recovery. A higher stage of recovery was associated with lower stigma in all the domains except stigma resistance. Higher use of confrontative coping and accepting responsibility was associated with a higher score in the awareness stage of recovery. In terms of insight, higher awareness about the effect of medication was associated with a higher stage of recovery. Higher disability in the domain of self-care was seen in the lower stage of recovery. Better quality of life in the physical health domain was associated with being in a higher stage of recovery. To conclude, findings of the present study suggest that stigma plays a significant role in determining the outcome in the form of personal recovery. These findings suggest that to organize the services to promote personal recovery, clinicians should not only aim at symptom amelioration but also must focus on stigma to promote psychological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singla
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Therrien D, Corbière M, Collette K. Workers with severe mental illness coping with clinical symptoms: Self-directed learning of work-health balance strategies. Aust Occup Ther J 2020; 67:341-349. [PMID: 32219859 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most workers with a severe mental illness (SMI) experience brief job retention, usually under 6 months. Managing their clinical symptoms to maintain employment is a constant challenge. However, little is known about the personal initiatives these workers undertake to learn to manage their clinical symptoms at work. The study presented here documented, from an emic perspective, the self-directed learning of work-health balance strategies applied in the workplace. METHODS The study was conducted with five adults with SMI employed in the competitive labour market and six support persons. Between March 2017 and May 2018, a dataset was constructed based on 21 semi-structured interviews, eight observation sessions, and photographs taken of 15 objects used by the workers to manage their clinical symptoms. The analysis was guided by Mendez's retrospective and current temporal analysis of social processes. RESULTS The workers experienced four different self-directed learning patterns (preparation, post-crisis, active self-directed learning, and identity transformation) and used five types of strategies to facilitate work-health balance: preparation for work, reassurance, validation, assertiveness, and work-rest transitions. CONCLUSION These workers with SMI, all of whom had job retention of 2 years or more in competitive employment, learned and applied work-health balance strategies. Self-directed learning was enhanced by customised pharmacological treatment, mindfulness activities, active listening by support persons and psychotherapy specific to the mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Therrien
- Department of Nursing Sciences - Mental Health, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Corbière
- Department of Education and Pedagogy - Career Counseling, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CRIUSMM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Collette
- Département des Lettres et communications, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Grover S, Shouan A, Sahoo S. Labels used for persons with severe mental illness and their stigma experience in North India. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 48:101909. [PMID: 31896428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the extent to stigma experienced by the PMI in the hands of their family members and friends/colleagues in the form of commonly used labels and factors associated with use of various labels for persons with mental illnesses. METHODOLOGY 191 patients with severe mental illness (120 patients with mood disorders and 71 patients with psychotic illness) were assessed using a self-designed questionnaire for the derogatory labels faced by patients in the hands of their family members and friends/colleagues. RESULTS 60 % and 39.8 % of the patients reported of being teased by the family members and friends/colleagues respectively for being suffering from mental illness. The most commonly used label/adjective by the family members was Aalsi (lazy) (20.9 %), followed by sustt (lethargic) (15.2 %) and paagal (mad) (14.1 %). The commonly used labels/adjectives by friends/colleagues were paagal (mad) (6.3 %), followed by darpok (coward) (5.2 %). Mean number of labels used by the family members and friends/co-workers were 5.93 and 3.4 respectively. Around one third of the patients (32.5 %) reported that seeking treatment is associated with facing these labels and due to the same they stopped or wanted to stop their treatment. Significantly higher numbers of labels were used for patients with psychotic disorders, when compared to those with affective disorders. Poor functioning was associated with use of significantly higher number of derogatory labels. CONCLUSIONS Stigmatizing labels are commonly used by family members and friends of the patients with severe mental illness and these cause significant distress to the patients. There is a need to make the society aware that there is a need to stop use of these derogatory labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Anish Shouan
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Swapnajeet Sahoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Li W, Yang Y, Hong L, An FR, Ungvari GS, Ng CH, Xiang YT. Prevalence of aggression in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 47:101846. [PMID: 31715468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aggression is common in patients with schizophrenia and is clinically significant, but its prevalence is inconsistent across studies. This is a meta-analysis of the prevalence of aggression and its associated factors in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, Medline and Web of Science databases were systematically searched. Studies that reported the prevalence of aggression in patients with schizophrenia using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) were included and analyzed using the random-effects model. RESULTS Fifteen studies with 4855 patients were initially included; of these, 13 studies with 3929 patients were pooled in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of aggression was 33.3% (95%CI: 21.5%-47.7%); specifically, the estimated prevalence of verbal, property-oriented, auto and physical aggression were 42.6% (95%CI: 17.0%-72.9%), 23.8% (95%CI: 10.1%-46.4%), 23.5% (95%CI: 6.5%-57.7%), and 23.7% (95%CI: 10.4%-45.3%), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that different MOAS cut-off values (P < 0.001) and source of patients (inpatients vs. community-dwelling patients) significantly moderated the results (P < 0.001). Meta-regression analyses found that studies published recently reported higher aggression rate, while higher quality assessment score was associated with lower aggression rate (both P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis confirmed that aggression is common in schizophrenia patients. Considering the significant clinical risk issues, appropriate treatments and effective management of aggression in this population need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, WuZhongpei Memorial Hospital, Guangdong province, China; Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong province, China
| | - Feng-Rong An
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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Nirmala B, Roy T, Naik V, Srikanth P. Employability of people with mental illness and substance use problems: Field realities. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3405-3410. [PMID: 33102304 PMCID: PMC7567225 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_212_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There has always been a strong association between mental illness and work-related disability. According to the “World Health Organization,” of all disabilities, severe mental illness is associated with the highest rates of unemployment. People with mental illness and problems with substance use have especially low employment rates. Aim: To identify the employability factors among people with mental illness and substance use problems. Objectives: To assess the barriers and to identify various strategies to overcome barriers to employment for persons with mental illness and substance use problems and to identify instructors’ responses about the functionality of the person who works in the vocational training center, to assess the social support experienced by the respondents. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative study used the purposive sampling method to conduct the study on 15 respondents (five people with mental illness, five caregivers, five instructors) from Department of Psychiatric and Neuro Rehabilitation, NIMHANS, Bengaluru. Results: Various themes have identified to assess the barriers, aiding factors, and strategies to employment. Barriers to employment have categorized into individual factors, interpersonal factors, employment factors, and social factors. Health, communication, family support, treatment, and training are strategies to improve employability. Proper treatment and continuous adherence to medication, emotional support by family members and colleagues are the employment aiding factors. Conclusion: Identification of barriers and facilitators in the Indian context will help us to address the employability of persons with mental illness and substance use problems.
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Harish N, Jagannathan A, Kumar CN, Thirthalli J, Chaturvedi SK, Kumar D, Bhola P, Prasad Muliyala K, Thanapal S, Radhakrishnan G, Angothu H, Jayarajan D. Development of vocational potential assessment tool and counseling module for persons with severe mental disorders. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 47:101866. [PMID: 31759284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate the vocational potential assessment tool and counselling module for persons with severe mental disorders (SMD). METHOD The tool and the module were developed through review of existing assessment tools, individual interviews and focused group discussions with key stake holders- persons with SMD, caregivers, expert mental health professionals and employers. The developed tool and module were validated by experts. RESULT The process of tool and module development was conducted simultaneously and included 11 persons with SMD, 9 caregivers, 9 experts and 9 employers. A total of 38 themes were obtained through individual interviews and focused group discussions. The developed tool and module along with a scoring key were validated by 6 mental health experts. CONCLUSION The tool is easy to use and comprehensive, takes approximately 45 min to 1 h for assessment. The module provides a framework for vocational counselling. The scoring key provides a guideline for professionals during assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitha Harish
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Aarti Jagannathan
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Jagadisha Thirthalli
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Chaturvedi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Devvarta Kumar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Poornima Bhola
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Krishna Prasad Muliyala
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Sivakumar Thanapal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - G Radhakrishnan
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Hareesh Angothu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Deepak Jayarajan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
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Annapally SR, Jagannathan A, Kishore T, Thirthalli J, Daliboina M, Channaveerachari NK. Barriers to academic reintegration in students with severe mental disorders: Thematic analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 45:107-112. [PMID: 31561146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Education provides a platform to persons to integrate into society for their livelihood. In countries like India, higher education is accorded a significant place in society and is an important pre-requisite for most professional and skilled occupations. However there are a number of illness related and psychosocial barriers to attaining educational goals, especially for persons with Severe Mental Disorders (SMDs'). The purpose of this qualitative study is to understand the bio-psychosocial barriers of students with severe mental disorders to academic reintegration. METHODS Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with Mental Health Professionals (MHP's) (n = 8), Lecturers (n = 9) and Students with SMD's (n = 14). The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and coded into themes and sub-themes separately for each group manually. Triangulation of the themes derived data collected from the three groups were subject to thematic content analysis. RESULTS A total of five barriers (themes) to academic reintegration were derived from triangulated data: 1. Illness and its treatment-related barriers, 2. Individual related barriers, 3. Family-related barriers, 4. Academic-related barriers and 5. Social barriers. CONCLUSION It is important for mental health professionals and researcher in the field to understand the above barriers in order to plan and implement supported education programmes effectively and enable the students to attain their post-secondary educational goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadananda Reddy Annapally
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences(NIMHANS), Bengaluru-29, Karnataka, India.
| | - Aarti Jagannathan
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work/Psychiatric Rehabilitation Service (PRS), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru-29, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas Kishore
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru-29, Karnataka, India
| | - Jagadisha Thirthalli
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru-29, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Naveen Kumar Channaveerachari
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru-29, Karnataka, India
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