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Kor A, Güven SC, Akan S, Eren F, Ecem Konak H, Maraş Y, Orhan K, Neşelioğlu S, Erten Ş. Serum netrin-1 levels are high in Rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Biochem 2024; 127-128:110760. [PMID: 38556035 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data show that netrin-1 has a role in development of pulmonary fibrosis. This study was aimed to investigate serum netrin-1 level and its relation to interstitial lung disease(ILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHOD 42 RA patients with RA-ILD, 58 RA patients without RA-ILD (RA non-ILD group), and 61 healthy volunteers were included in this study. The modified DAS28-ESR score was used to calculate disease activity in RA patients. Using the quantitative immunoassay method, Serum netrin-1 levels were measured with an ELISA kit (Catalog number: E-EL-H2328; lab science, lot number: GZWTKZ5SWK, Texas, USA). RESULTS The median value of netrin-1 was found to be significantly higher in the RA-ILD group (82.9 [59.9-124]) compared to both the RA non-ILD group(52.9 [49.5-73.1])(B = -0.006, OR = 0.994, CI 95 %=0.989-0.999, P = 0.018) and the control group(53.5 [49.5-87.5]) (B: -0.005, OR: 0.994, CI 95 %: 0.990-0.999, p: 0.022). A cut-off value of 61.78 for netrin-1 was found to have a sensitivity of 73.8 % and a specificity of 69 % for the diagnosis of RA-ILD (AUC [95 %Cl] = 0.771 [0.679-0.862], p < 0.0001).It was found that high serum netrin-1 level was strongly associated with the RA-usual interstitial pneumonia(UIP) pattern and poorly related to the RA-nonspecific interstitial pneumonia(NSIP) pattern compared to the RA non-ILD group. CONCLUSIONS Netrin-1 is elevated in the serum of patients with RA-ILD, especially in the UIP pattern. Netrin-1 may be a potential candidate for predicting the development of RA-ILD that should be investigated in the pathophysiological and therapeutic fields..
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kor
- Department of Rheumatology, Aksaray Education and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Serdar Can Güven
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Akan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Funda Eren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Ecem Konak
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Maraş
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kevser Orhan
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şükran Erten
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Behnoush AH, Khalaji A, Shokri Varniab Z, Rahbarghazi A, Amini E, Klisic A. Urinary and circulatory netrin-1 as biomarker in diabetes and its related complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine 2024; 84:328-344. [PMID: 37996774 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel biomarkers have been suggested for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes mellitus. The biomarker utility of netrin-1 in diabetes as an extracellular protein has been investigated. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we reviewed the role of netrin-1 as a biomarker in prediabetes, diabetes, and complications of diabetes. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies that measured circulatory and/or urinary netrin-1 levels in diabetes and compared them with non-diabetic patients or evaluated the prognostic role of this marker. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random-effect meta-analysis to compare netrin-1 levels between groups. The impact of mean age, male sex percentage, sample size, mean body mass index, and publication year on the overall heterogeneity was assessed using meta-regression. RESULTS Among 413 records from international databases, 19 original studies were included with 2061 cases (1137 diabetics, 196 prediabetics, and 728 healthy controls). Meta-analysis of eight studies measuring netrin-1 in patients with diabetes and comparing it with healthy controls showed no significant difference between the two groups (SMD 0.69, 95% CI -0.78 to 2.16, I2 = 98%, p-value = 0.36). On the other hand, a meta-analysis of netrin-1 levels in patients with prediabetes in comparison with healthy controls revealed that they had lower levels (SMD -0.51, 95% CI -0.81 to -0.21, p-value < 0.01). Diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria had significantly higher circulatory netrin-1 levels compared to normoalbuminuric group SMD 1.18, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.53, p-value < 0.01 and SMD 1.67, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.58, p-value < 0.01, respectively). Moreover, no difference in urinary netrin-1 levels was found between micro-, macro-, and normoalbuminuric groups (p-value > 0.05). CONCLUSION Netrin-1 showed promising results as a biomarker in diabetes prognosis. However, more studies are required to confirm our findings, and higher sample size studies are needed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of this marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Behnoush
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Khalaji
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Shokri Varniab
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Rahbarghazi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil, Ardabil, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elahe Amini
- Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aleksandra Klisic
- University of Montenegro-Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Center for Laboratory Diagnostics, Primary Health Care Center, Podgorica, Montenegro
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Najimudeen SM, Abd-Elsalam RM, Ranaweera HA, Isham IM, Hassan MSH, Farooq M, Abdul-Careem MF. Replication of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Delmarva (DMV)/1639 variant in primary and secondary lymphoid organs leads to immunosuppression in chickens. Virology 2023; 587:109852. [PMID: 37531823 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) that primarily causes respiratory infection in chickens, disseminate to multiple body systems leading to pathology, results in economic losses to poultry industry. IBV replicates in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), Harderian gland (HG), cecal tonsils (CT), and spleen. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunosuppressive effect of IBV Delmarva (DMV/1639) variant in chickens. Specific pathogen free chickens were infected with the IBV DMV/1639 variant while maintaining an age-matched uninfected control group. At predetermined time points, subsets of the infected and control chickens were observed for changes in body weights and pathological changes. The histopathological lesions were observed in the CT and BF, with minimal lesions in the thymus and spleen. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators suggested immunomodulation by IBV, favoring viral replication. Further studies are warranted to observe the functional impact of the IBV DMV/1639 variant's replication in immune organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnas M Najimudeen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Reham M Abd-Elsalam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hiruni A Ranaweera
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ishara M Isham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mohamed S H Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Zhou X, Xu C, Dong J, Liao L. Role of renal tubular programed cell death in diabetic kidney disease. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3596. [PMID: 36401596 PMCID: PMC10078574 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanism of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is involved in various functions; however, its inadequate characterisation limits the availability of effective treatments. Tubular damage is closely correlated with renal function and is thought to be the main contributor to the injury observed in early DKD. Programed cell death (PCD) occurs during the biological development of the living body. Accumulating evidence has clarified the fundamental role of abnormalities in tubular PCD during DKD pathogenesis. Among PCD types, classical apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and pyroptosis are the most studied and will be the focus of this review. Our review aims to elucidate the current knowledge of the mechanism of DKD and the potential therapeutic potential of drugs targeting tubular PCD pathways in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Abd El-Baset SA, Mazen NF, Abdul-Maksoud RS, Kattaia AAA. The therapeutic prospect of zinc oxide nanoparticles in experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2069966. [PMID: 35504734 PMCID: PMC9870014 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2069966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most frequent cause of end-stage renal failure. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are promising antidiabetic agents. Our aim was to evaluate the prospective efficacy of ZnO-NPs in treating DN in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rats were randomly dispersed into three sets: control group, DN group and DN + ZnO-NPs group. ZnO-NPs were given at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Urine and blood samples were processed for biochemical analyses. Kidney samples were managed for light and electron microscopy studies. Immune histochemical staining of P53, aquaporin11 (AQP11) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) were performed. Gene analyses of nephrin, podocin, beclin-1, LC3 and p62 were done. Administration of ZnO-NPs ameliorated the functional and histopathological alterations of the kidney in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. ZnO-NPs retained the constancy of the glomerular filtration barrier and restored almost normal renal structure. This was confirmed by upregulation of mRNA expression of podocyte markers (nephrin and podocin) and AQP11 immune histochemical expression in the renal tubules. The beneficial outcomes of ZnO-NPs might be attributed to activation of autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling pathway. ZnO-NPs enhanced beclin-1 and LC3 mRNA expressions and reduced p62 mRNA expression. ZnO-NPs also exerted anti-apoptotic potential (evidenced by the decrease in p53 immune expression), anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect [endorsed by suppression of serum cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme activity, tissue nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) level and blood hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α) level]. These results may point the way to an effective therapy of DN.Abbreviations: AQP11 Aquaporin11; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; DAB: 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine; DM: Diabetes mellitus; DN: Diabetic nephropathy; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; H&E: Hematoxylin & eosin; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factors; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; LC3: Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa beta; NPs: Nanoparticles; PAS: Periodic acid Schiff; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; STZ: Streptozotocin; X ± SEM: Mean ± standard error of means; Zn: Zinc; ZnO-NPs: Zinc oxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia A. Abd El-Baset
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, ZagazigEgypt
| | - Nehad F. Mazen
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, ZagazigEgypt
| | - Rehab S. Abdul-Maksoud
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, ZagazigEgypt
| | - Asmaa A. A. Kattaia
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, ZagazigEgypt,CONTACT Asmaa A. A. Kattaia ; ; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Asharquia, Egypt, Postal code: 44519
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Maraş Y, Kor A, Oğuz EF, Sarı A, Gök K, Akdoğan A. Serum netrin-1 levels in systemic sclerosis patients with capillary abnormalities. THE EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Association of Netrin 1 with hsCRP in Subjects with Obesity and Recent Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 45:134-140. [PMID: 36661496 PMCID: PMC9857863 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin 1 (Ntn1) is a cell migration protein with an anti-inflammatory effect, which may play a key role in the pathological development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we evaluate the relationships between the serum concentrations of Ntn1, glucose, and high-sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP). We carried out a cross-sectional study including 90 individuals divided into three groups (n = 30): healthy subjects, individuals with obesity without glucose alterations, and individuals with newly diagnosed T2D. Serum concentrations of Ntn1 and hs-CRP were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum concentration of Ntn1 was higher in individuals with newly diagnosed T2D (0.33 ± 0.22 ng/mL), in comparison to healthy subjects and individuals with obesity (0.13 ± 0.06 and 0.15 ± 0.07 ng/mL, respectively). In addition, we observed a positive association between the levels of Ntn1 and hsCRP (rho = 0.443; p < 0.001) as well as with serum glucose (rho = −0.110; p = 0.05). The serum concentration of Ntn1 was higher in individuals with T2D, in comparison with the other groups in this study, and presented a positive correlation with hsCRP. Therefore, Ntn1 can be considered a promising risk biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for T2D.
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Wei M, Qiu Z, Li H, Lu B, Wang C, Ji L. Integrating network pharmacology approach and experimental validation to reveal the alleviation of Shenkangning capsule on chronic nephritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 299:115676. [PMID: 36057408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenkangning (SKN), a Chinese patent medicine composed by eight Chinese medicinal herbs, is commonly applied to treat chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in clinic. However, its mechanism is still not clear now. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is designed to evaluate the SKN-provided alleviation on adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy, to reveal its mechanism by integrating network pharmacology analysis and experimental evidences, and to further find the main drug that makes a major contribution to its efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS ADR was intravenously injected to mice to induce focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Renal histological evaluation was conducted. The level of urinary protein, and serum amounts of creatinine, urea nitrogen (BUN) and albumin were detected. The potential mechanisms were predicted by network pharmacology analysis and further validated by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western-blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS SKN (1, 10 g/kg) improved ADR-induced nephropathy in mice. Network pharmacology results predicted that inflammation and oxidative stress were crucially involved in the SKN-provided amelioration on nephropathy. SKN reduced the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the expression of its downstream genes in ADR-induced nephropathy in mice. Furthermore, SKN also restored the reduced expression of both podocin and synaptopodin, which are podocyte-associated proteins. Further results showed that the toxic drug Danfupian (DFP) had no contribution to the SKN-provided alleviation on ADR-induced nephropathy in mice. After integrating the results from evaluating anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant and anti-injury of podocytes in vitro and from comparing the activity of the whole SKN and SKN without Astragali Radix (Huangqi, HQ) in vivo, we found that HQ played a crucial contribution to the SKN-provided amelioration on ADR-induced nephropathy in mice. CONCLUSION SKN improved ADR-induced nephropathy through suppressing renal inflammation and oxidative stress injury via abrogating NF-κB activation and activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. HQ played a main contribution to the SKN-provided amelioration on ADR-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Wei
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhimiao Qiu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Han Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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The landscape of immune cell infiltration in the glomerulus of diabetic nephropathy: evidence based on bioinformatics. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:303. [PMID: 36064366 PMCID: PMC9442983 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests that immune cell infiltration contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We aim to unveil the immune infiltration pattern in the glomerulus of DN and provide potential targets for immunotherapy. Methods Infiltrating percentage of 22 types of immune cell in the glomerulus tissues were estimated by the CIBERSORT algorithm based on three transcriptome datasets mined from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the “limma” package. Then immune-related DEGs were identified by intersecting DEGs with immune-related genes (downloaded from Immport database). The protein–protein interactions of Immune-related DEGs were explored using the STRING database and visualized by Cytoscape. The enrichment analyses for KEGG pathways and GO terms were carried out by the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) method. Results 11 types of immune cell were revealed to be significantly altered in the glomerulus tissues of DN (Up: B cells memory, T cells gamma delta, NK cells activated, Macrophages.M1, Macrophages M2, Dendritic cells resting, Mast cells resting; Down: B cells naive, NK cells resting, Mast cells activated, Neutrophils). Several pathways related to immune, autophagy and metabolic process were significantly activated. Moreover, 6 hub genes with a medium to strong correlation with renal function (eGFR) were identified (SERPINA3, LTF, C3, PTGDS, EGF and ALB). Conclusion In the glomerulus of DN, the immune infiltration pattern changed significantly. A complicated and tightly regulated network of immune cells exists in the pathological of DN. The hub genes identified here will facilitate the development of immunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02906-4.
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Mohamed R, Liu Y, Kistler AD, Harris PC, Thangaraju M. Netrin-1 Overexpression Induces Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Novel Mechanism Contributing to Cystogenesis in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:862-875. [PMID: 35358475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in cystogenesis are not fully understood. This study describes a novel pathway involved in cyst formation. Transgenic mice overexpressing netrin-1 in proximal tubular cells showed increased production and urinary excretion of netrin-1. Although no cysts were detectable immediately after birth, numerous small cysts were evident by the age of 4 weeks, and disease was accelerated along with age. Surprisingly, cyst formation in the kidney was restricted to male mice, with 80% penetrance. However, ovariectomy induced kidney cyst growth in netrin-1-overexpressing female mice. Cyst development in males was associated with albuminuria and polyuria and increased cAMP excretion in netrin-1 transgenic mice. Netrin-1 overexpression significantly increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and vimentin expression. Interestingly, p53 expression was increased but in an inactive form. Furthermore, netrin-1 expression was increased in cystic epithelia and urine of various rodent models of PKD. siRNA-mediated suppression of netrin-1 significantly reduced cyst growth and improved kidney function in netrin-1 transgenic mice and in two genetic animal models of PKD. Together, these data demonstrate that netrin-1 up-regulation induced cyst formation in autosomal dominant PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Andreas D Kistler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
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Epithelial–Fibroblast Crosstalk Protects against Acidosis-Induced Inflammatory and Fibrotic Alterations. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030681. [PMID: 35327483 PMCID: PMC8945333 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by extracellular acidosis inflammation, fibrosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aim of this study was to assess the influence of acidosis on tubule epithelial cells (NRK-52E) and fibroblasts (NRK-49F) in dependence of cellular crosstalk. NRK-52E and NRK-49F were used in mono- and co-cultures, and were treated with acidic media (pH 6.0) for 48 h. The intracellular proteins were measured by Western blot. Secreted proteins were measured by ELISA. Distribution of E-cadherin was assessed by immunofluorescence and epithelial barrier function by FITC-dextran diffusion. Inflammation: Acidosis led to an increase in COX-2 in NRK-52E and TNF in NRK-49F in monoculture. In co-culture, this effect was reversed. EMT: Acidosis led to an increase in vimentin protein in both cell lines, whereas in co-culture, the effect was abolished. In NRK-52E, the E-cadherin expression was unchanged, but subcellular E-cadherin showed a disturbed distribution, and cellular barrier function was decreased. Fibrosis: Monoculture acidosis led to an increased secretion of collagen I and fibronectin in NRK-52E and collagen I in NRK-49F. In co-culture, the total collagen I secretion was unchanged, and fibronectin secretion was decreased. Intercellular crosstalk between epithelial cells and fibroblasts has a protective function regarding the development of acidosis-induced damage.
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Netrin-1: An Emerging Player in Inflammatory Diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 64:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bellomo F, De Leo E, Taranta A, Giaquinto L, Di Giovamberardino G, Montefusco S, Rega LR, Pastore A, Medina DL, Di Bernardo D, De Matteis MA, Emma F. Drug Repurposing in Rare Diseases: An Integrative Study of Drug Screening and Transcriptomic Analysis in Nephropathic Cystinosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312829. [PMID: 34884638 PMCID: PMC8657658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis and cure for rare diseases represent a great challenge for the scientific community who often comes up against the complexity and heterogeneity of clinical picture associated to a high cost and time-consuming drug development processes. Here we show a drug repurposing strategy applied to nephropathic cystinosis, a rare inherited disorder belonging to the lysosomal storage diseases. This approach consists in combining mechanism-based and cell-based screenings, coupled with an affordable computational analysis, which could result very useful to predict therapeutic responses at both molecular and system levels. Then, we identified potential drugs and metabolic pathways relevant for the pathophysiology of nephropathic cystinosis by comparing gene-expression signature of drugs that share common mechanisms of action or that involve similar pathways with the disease gene-expression signature achieved with RNA-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellomo
- Renal Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (E.D.L.); (A.T.); (L.R.R.)
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (F.E.)
| | - Ester De Leo
- Renal Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (E.D.L.); (A.T.); (L.R.R.)
| | - Anna Taranta
- Renal Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (E.D.L.); (A.T.); (L.R.R.)
| | - Laura Giaquinto
- Telethon InstituFte of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (D.L.M.); (D.D.B.); (M.A.D.M.)
| | | | - Sandro Montefusco
- Telethon InstituFte of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (D.L.M.); (D.D.B.); (M.A.D.M.)
| | - Laura Rita Rega
- Renal Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (E.D.L.); (A.T.); (L.R.R.)
| | - Anna Pastore
- Management Diagnostic Innovations Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Diego Luis Medina
- Telethon InstituFte of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (D.L.M.); (D.D.B.); (M.A.D.M.)
| | - Diego Di Bernardo
- Telethon InstituFte of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (D.L.M.); (D.D.B.); (M.A.D.M.)
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Matteis
- Telethon InstituFte of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (D.L.M.); (D.D.B.); (M.A.D.M.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Molecular Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Emma
- Renal Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (E.D.L.); (A.T.); (L.R.R.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (F.E.)
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Protective Effects of Low-Dose Alcohol against Acute Stress-Induced Renal Injury in Rats: Involvement of CYP4A/20-HETE and LTB 4/BLT1 Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4475968. [PMID: 34691354 PMCID: PMC8528604 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4475968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Low-dose alcohol possesses multiple bioactivities. Accordingly, we investigated the protective effect and related molecular mechanism of low-dose alcohol against acute stress- (AS-) induced renal injury. Herein, exhaustive swimming for 15 min combined with restraint stress for 3 h was performed to establish a rat acute stress model, which was verified by an open field test. Evaluation of renal function (blood creatinine and urea nitrogen), urine test (urine leukocyte esterase and urine occult blood), renal histopathology, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis was performed. The key indicators of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A1/20-hydroxystilbenetetraenoic acid (20-HETE) pathway, cyclooxygenase (COX)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway, and leukotriene B4 (LTB4)/leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) pathway were measured by real-time PCR and ELISA. We found that low-dose alcohol (0.05 g/kg, i.p.) ameliorated AS-induced renal dysfunction and histological damage. Low-dose alcohol also attenuated AS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, presenting as reduced malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide formation, increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione activity, and decreased myeloperoxidase, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels (P < 0.05). Moreover, low-dose alcohol alleviated AS-induced apoptosis by downregulating Bax and cleaved caspase 3 protein expression and reduced numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end label-positive cells (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis indicated that 20-HETE was strongly correlated with oxidative stress, while LTB4 was strongly correlated with inflammation. Low-dose alcohol inhibited AS-induced increases in CYP4A1, CYP4A2, CYP4A3, CYP4A8, and BLT1 mRNA levels and LTB4 and 20-HETE content (P < 0.01). Interestingly, low-dose alcohol had no effect on COX1 or COX2 mRNA expression or the concentration of PGE2. Furthermore, low-dose alcohol reduced calcium-independent phospholipase A2 mRNA expression, but did not affect secreted phospholipase A2 or cytosolic phospholipase A2 mRNA expression. Together, these results indicate that low-dose alcohol ameliorated AS-induced renal injury by inhibiting CYP4A/20-HETE and LTB4/BLT1 pathways, but not the COX/PGE2 pathway.
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González LM, Robles NR, Mota-Zamorano S, Valdivielso JM, López-Gómez J, Gervasini G. Genetic Variants in PGE2 Receptors Modulate the Risk of Nephrosclerosis and Clinical Outcomes in These Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080772. [PMID: 34442416 PMCID: PMC8400263 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a major actor mediating renal injury. We aimed to determine genetic variability in the genes coding for its receptors (PTGER1-4) and study associations with nephrosclerosis risk and clinical outcomes. We identified 96 tag-SNPs capturing global variability in PTGER1-4 and screened 1209 nephrosclerosis patients and controls. The effect of these variants was evaluated by multivariate regression analyses. Two PTGER3 SNPs, rs11209730 and rs10399704, remained significant in a backward elimination regression model with other non-genetic variables (OR = 1.45 (1.07-1.95), p = 0.016 and OR = 0.71 (0.51-0.99), p = 0.041, respectively). In the nephrosclerosis patients, a proximal region of PTGER3 was tagged as relevant for eGFR (p values for identified SNPs ranged from 0.0003 to 0.038). Two consecutive PTGER3 SNPs, rs2284362 and rs2284363, significantly decreased systolic (p = 0.005 and p = 0.0005), diastolic (p = 0.039 and p = 0.005), and pulse pressure values (p = 0.038 and 0.014). Patients were followed for a median of 47 months (7-54) to evaluate cardiovascular (CV) risk. Cox regression analysis showed that carriers of the PTGER1rs2241360 T variant had better CV event-free survival than wild-type individuals (p = 0.029). In addition, PTGER3rs7533733 GG carriers had lower event-free survival than AA/AG patients (p = 0.011). Our results indicate that genetic variability in PGE2 receptors, particularly EP3, may be clinically relevant for nephrosclerosis and its associated CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz María González
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (L.M.G.); (S.M.-Z.)
| | | | - Sonia Mota-Zamorano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (L.M.G.); (S.M.-Z.)
| | - José Manuel Valdivielso
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, UDETMA, ISCIII REDinREN, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Juan López-Gómez
- Service of Clinical Analyses, Badajoz University Hospital, 06080 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Gervasini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (L.M.G.); (S.M.-Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-927-257-120
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16
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Elkholy RA, Younis RL, Allam AA, Hagag RY, Abdel Ghafar MT. Diagnostic efficacy of serum and urinary netrin-1 in the early detection of diabetic nephropathy. J Investig Med 2021; 69:1189-1195. [PMID: 33863755 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of serum and urinary netrin-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at different stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and to compare its efficacy of estimation in serum with that in the urine. This study was carried out on 135 patients with T2DM and 45 healthy subjects. The patients with diabetes were divided according to urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) into: T2DM with normoalbuminuria, incipient DN with microalbuminuria, and overt DN with macroalbuminuria groups. Serum and urinary levels of netrin-1 were measured by ELISA. The mean levels of serum and urinary netrin-1 were significantly higher in the microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric patients with DN than those in the normoalbuminuric patients with T2DM, with the highest values detected in macroalbuminuric patients with DN. Urinary netrin-1 level was significantly higher in the normoalbuminuric T2DM group than control group, whereas no significant difference existed regarding serum netrin-1 level. In T2DM groups, the urinary and serum netrin-1 correlated with each other and were independently related to fasting blood glucose, UACR, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of urinary netrin-1 was 0.916 which is significantly higher than that of serum netrin-1 (0.812) for the detection of incipient DN and reached 0.938 on coestimation of both urinary and serum netrin-1. In conclusion, netrin-1 is a potential diagnostic marker for early detection of DN with its estimation in urine has higher accuracy than that of serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Elkholy
- Clinical Pathology, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Reham L Younis
- Physiology, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Alzahraa A Allam
- Internal Medicine, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
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Cudrania tricuspidata Root Extract Prevents Methylglyoxal-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via Regulation of the PKC-NOX4 Pathway in Human Kidney Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5511881. [PMID: 33859775 PMCID: PMC8026309 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5511881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication induced by diabetes, and methylglyoxal (MGO) is a reactive carbonyl species causing oxidative stress that contributes to the induction of inflammatory response in kidney cells. Cudrania tricuspidata (CT), cultivated in Northeast Asia, has been used as traditional medicine for treating various diseases, including neuritis, liver damage, and cancer. In this study, we determined whether a CT root extract (CTRE) can prevent MGO-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammation and assessed underlying mechanisms using a kidney epithelial cell line, HK-2. We observed that CTRE inhibited MGO-induced ROS production. Additionally, CTRE ameliorated the activation of MGO-induced inflammatory signaling pathways such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK). Consistent with these results, expressions of p-nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) and inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, and IL-6, were decreased when compared with MGO-only exposed HK-2 cells. CTRE alleviated the MGO-induced decrease in nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant enzyme mRNA expressions. MGO induced the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4); CTRE pretreatment inhibited this induction. Further studies revealed that the NOX4 expression was inhibited owing to the suppression of MGO-induced protein kinase C (PKC) activation following CTRE treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that CTRE attenuates MGO-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via inhibition of PKC activation and NOX4 expression, as well as upregulating the Nrf2-antioxidant enzyme pathway in HK-2 cells.
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Carnosine alleviates diabetic nephropathy by targeting GNMT, a key enzyme mediating renal inflammation and fibrosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:3175-3193. [PMID: 33241846 PMCID: PMC7726623 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and the main cause of end-stage nephropathy (ESRD). Inflammation and fibrosis play key roles in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. By using in vivo and in vitro DN models, our laboratory has identified the protective role of carnosine (CAR) on renal tubules. Our results showed that carnosine restored the onset and clinical symptoms as well as renal tubular injury in DN. Furthermore, carnosine decreased kidney inflammation and fibrosis in DN mice. These results were consistent with high glucose (HG)-treated mice tubular epithelial cells (MTECs). Using web-prediction algorithms, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and molecular docking, we identified glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) as a carnosine target. Importantly, we found that GNMT, a multiple functional protein that regulates the cellular pool of methyl groups by controlling the ratio of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), was down-regulated significantly in the serum of Type 1 DM patients and renal tissues of DN mice. Moreover, using cultured TECs, we confirmed that the increased GNMT expression by transient transfection mimicked the protective role of carnosine in reducing inflammation and fibrosis. Conversely, the inhibition of GNMT expression abolished the protective effects of carnosine. In conclusion, carnosine might serve as a promising therapeutic agent for DN and GNMT might be a potential therapeutic target for DN.
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Nakatsuji M, Urakami-Takebayashi Y, Miyadokoro S, Ikeda T, Takehara I, Sun H, Motohashi H, Ohno Y, Nagai J. Fatty acids bound to albumin induce prostaglandin E 2 production in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:273-277. [PMID: 32828298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids bound to albumin have been reported to be involved in various responses in renal proximal tubular cells following albumin overload, leading to progression of tubulointerstitial damage in the kidneys. In addition, it has been reported that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays an important role in nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to examine whether albumin-bound fatty acids induce PGE2 production in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2. Fatty acid-bearing human serum albumin increased PGE2 release in the culture medium in concentration-dependent and time-dependent manners, but fatty acid-depleted albumin had no effect on PGE2 production. Next, we investigated the effect of arachidonic acid, a precursor of eicosanoids, on PGE2 production. Arachidonic acid with fatty acid-free albumin significantly enhanced the release of PGE2 into the medium in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, we examined the effect of arachidonic acid on mRNA expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Arachidonic acid increased HIF-1α mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that fatty acids, at least in part arachidonic acid, bound to albumin increase PGE2 production and expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein, possibly resulting in various cell responses induced by albumin overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Nakatsuji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yumiko Urakami-Takebayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Sae Miyadokoro
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Ikeda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ikki Takehara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hongxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Motohashi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ohno
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Junya Nagai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan.
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20
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Nowak N. Protective factors as biomarkers and targets for prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy: From current human evidence to future possibilities. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:1085-1096. [PMID: 32196975 PMCID: PMC7477513 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hyperglycemia, high blood pressure and aging increase the risk of developing kidney complications, some diabetes patients exposed to these risk factors do not develop kidney disease, suggesting the presence of endogenous protective factors. There is a growing need to understand these factors determining protection of the kidney in order to improve the design of preventive strategies and to enhance the processes responsible for renoprotection. The aim of this review was to present the existing molecular and epidemiological data on factors showing protective effects in diabetic kidney disease, and to summarize the evidence regarding their potential in the area of future clinical diagnostics, therapeutics and early preventive strategies. These include transcriptomic and proteomic studies regarding the anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and regenerative factors that were associated with slower progression of renal function loss. Another focus is the new evidence regarding the evaluation of alterations in the regulatory epigenome and its involvement in the risk of diabetic kidney disease. Further effort is required to validate and extend these findings, and to define their potential for clinical implementation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nowak
- Faculty of MedicineCenter for Bioinformatics and Data AnalysisMedical University of BialystokBialystokPoland
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Wang M, Weng X, Chen H, Chen Z, Liu X. Resveratrol inhibits TNF-α-induced inflammation to protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. Acta Cir Bras 2020; 35:e202000506. [PMID: 32638845 PMCID: PMC7341989 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020200050000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine effects of resveratrol on renal ischemia/ reperfusion injury (I/R) in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Methods Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with STZ injection for the development of diabetes, and divided into the following groups: Sham group, I/R group and Resveratrol group (n=8). Resveratrol (RSV) was administered at a dose of 10 mg.kg-1.d-1 fourteen days prior to suffering from I/R. Renal function, histology, SOD, MDA, TUNEL assay and expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB-P65, COX-2 and Caspase3, Bcl2 and Bax were analyzed. Results Administration of RSV significantly reduced the serum levels of renal dysfunction and injury markers, including creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and MDA; in the other hand, it significantly increased the serum levels of SOD. The protective effect of RSV was also reflected on histologic evaluation. RSV reduced the number of apoptotic cells as determined by TUNEL assay. RSV significantly reduced the protein expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB-P65, COX-2 and Caspase3, and Bax. Meanwhile, RSV significantly increased the protein expression of Bcl2. Conclusion RSV attenuated I/R-induced renal injury in diabetic rats through the modulation of oxidative stress and TNF-α-stimulated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | | | - Hui Chen
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
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22
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Stone TW. Dependence and Guidance Receptors-DCC and Neogenin-In Partial EMT and the Actions of Serine Proteases. Front Oncol 2020; 10:94. [PMID: 32117748 PMCID: PMC7010924 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is an important concept in understanding the processes of oncogenesis, especially with respect to the relationship between cell proliferation and metastatic properties such as spontaneous cell motility, chemotaxic migration and tissue invasion. EMT is now recognized as a more complex phenomenon than an all-or-nothing event, in which different components of the EMT may have distinct roles in the physio-pathological regulation of cell function and which may in turn depend on differential interactions with cell constituents and metabolic products. This mini-review summarizes recent work on the induction of cancer properties in parallel with the presence of EMT activities in the presence of serine proteases, with the focus on those tumor suppressors known as "dependence" receptors such as neogenin and Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC). It is concluded that various forms of partial EMT should be given more detailed investigation and consideration as the results could have valuable implications for the development of disease-specific and patient-specific therapies.
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Liu J, Du J, Cheng X, Zhang X, Li Y, Fu X, Chen X. Effect of Netrin-1 Anti-Inflammatory Factor on Acute Lung Injury in Sepsis Rats. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7928-7935. [PMID: 31639817 PMCID: PMC6820332 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) often occurs early and seriously in the progress of sepsis. Netrin-1 is demonstrated to be an effective anti-inflammatory agent. However, whether netrin-1 can relieve sepsis-induced ALI remains unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sepsis rat model was built with the method of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The lung tissue changes were represented as the results of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, wet-to-dry (W/D) ratio, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. An in vitro lung injury model was simulated with LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells. The cell transfection effects were evaluated by Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR analysis. TNF-alpha, IL-1ß, and IL-6 levels were detected by Western blot analysis in LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells. RESULTS Obvious inflammation caused by sepsis appeared in lung tissues with the increase of the W/D ratio and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Netrin-1 and its receptor UNC5B were reduced in sepsis. However, upregulation of netrin-1 alleviated the levels of inflammation and increased the UNC5B levels in BEAS-2B cells. CONCLUSIONS Netrin-1 protects against ALI in sepsis rats through its anti-inflammation effect and may provide a novel treatment to prevent lung injury caused by sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Liu
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Third Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Third Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Xiu Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangzhou Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Third Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Third Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Xiujun Fu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xulin Chen
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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Uçaktürk SA, Mengen E, Elmaoğulları S, Yücel Ç, A Yılmaz A, Çifci A. Evaluation of the relationship between short-term glycemic control and netrin-1, a urinary proximal tubular injury marker in children with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:851-856. [PMID: 31219796 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Microalbuminuria (MA) is generally considered as the earliest manifestation of DN. However, it has been shown that MA may be temporary and not reflect permanent renal failure. For this reason, sensitive markers are needed for the detection of kidney damage in the early period. Urinary tubular injury markers increase in the early period of diabetes. These tubular markers are rather indicators of acute renal damage. The objective of this study was to measure the urinary netrin-1 level, a marker of tubular injury in children with normoalbuminuric (NA) T1D, and to determine its relationship with short-term fluctuations in blood glucose using fructosamine levels. Methods Netrin-1 levels in spot urine samples from 82 children with T1D (median age 13.6 years) without MA or hypertension and from 59 healthy controls (median age 11.3 years) with a similar distribution of age and body mass index (BMI) were compared. The relationship of the netrin-1 levels with diabetes parameters such as fructosamine, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) or duration of diabetes was investigated. Results Urinary netrin-1 level was found to be higher in patients with T1D than in healthy controls (590 [interquartile range (IQR) = 811] pg/mg-creatinine [pg/mg-cr] and 396 [IQR = 742] pg/mg-cr, respectively) (p = 0.03). Urinary netrin-1 was found to correlate with HbA1c (p = 0.007, r = 0.320) and fructosamine (p = 0.04, r = 0.310) but not with average HbA1c in the last year (p = 0.14, r = -0.19), duration of diabetes (p = 0.83, r = 0.02) or other diabetes indices. Conclusions These results support the idea that tubular damage occurs early in the course of diabetes. However, the fact that netrin-1 is related to fructosamine and HbA1c but not to the duration of diabetes or average HbA1c in the last year may suggest that the tubular damage markers are affected by short-term fluctuations in blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyit Ahmet Uçaktürk
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara Children's Hematology and Oncology Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eda Mengen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara Children's Hematology and Oncology Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selin Elmaoğulları
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara Children's Hematology and Oncology Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Yücel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan A Yılmaz
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara Children's Hematology and Oncology Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla Çifci
- Department of Pediatrics, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Arachidonic Acid Metabolism and Kidney Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153683. [PMID: 31357612 PMCID: PMC6695795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major component of cell membrane lipids, Arachidonic acid (AA), being a major component of the cell membrane lipid content, is mainly metabolized by three kinds of enzymes: cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. Based on these three metabolic pathways, AA could be converted into various metabolites that trigger different inflammatory responses. In the kidney, prostaglandins (PG), thromboxane (Tx), leukotrienes (LTs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) are the major metabolites generated from AA. An increased level of prostaglandins (PGs), TxA2 and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) results in inflammatory damage to the kidney. Moreover, the LTB4-leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) axis participates in the acute kidney injury via mediating the recruitment of renal neutrophils. In addition, AA can regulate renal ion transport through 19-hydroxystilbenetetraenoic acid (19-HETE) and 20-HETE, both of which are produced by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) generated by the CYP450 enzyme also plays a paramount role in the kidney damage during the inflammation process. For example, 14 and 15-EET mitigated ischemia/reperfusion-caused renal tubular epithelial cell damage. Many drug candidates that target the AA metabolism pathways are being developed to treat kidney inflammation. These observations support an extraordinary interest in a wide range of studies on drug interventions aiming to control AA metabolism and kidney inflammation.
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26
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Mayyas F, Alzoubi KH. Impact of cigarette smoking on kidney inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic rats. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 31:45-51. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1597219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Mayyas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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27
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Protective effects of Astragaloside IV on endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis in type 2 diabetic nephropathy rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Protective mechanisms of resveratrol derivatives against TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in rat mesangial cells. Cytokine 2018; 113:380-392. [PMID: 30389230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resveratrol has been reported to alleviate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in mesangial cells and in several types of renal injury in animal models. Previously, the active resveratrol derivatives from the roots of Vitis thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. (Vitaceae) were shown to have significant anti-platelet and anti-oxidative activities. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of these resveratrol derivatives in rat mesangial cells (RMCs) have not been clarified fully. METHODS The protective mechanisms of resveratrol derivatives involved in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced inflammatory responses were assessed by Western blot analysis, real-time PCR, and RT-PCR. The involvement of various signaling molecules in these responses was investigated using selective pharmacological inhibitors. RESULTS Nontoxic concentrations of the resveratrol derivatives significantly attenuated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression in RMCs challenged by TNF-α. These resveratrol derivatives inhibited TNF-α-activated ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 without affecting p38 phosphorylation. Next, we demonstrated that TNF-α induced NF-κB activation, translocation, and promoter activity, which was inhibited by pretreatment with resveratrol derivatives in RMCs. CONCLUSION The protective mechanisms of resveratrol derivatives against TNF-α-stimulated inflammatory responses via cPLA2/COX-2/PGE2 inhibition was caused by the attenuation of the JNK1/2, ERK1/2, and NF-κB signaling pathways in RMCs.
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Cao Y, Pan T, Chen X, Wu J, Guo N, Wang B. EP4 knockdown alleviates glomerulosclerosis through Smad and MAPK pathways in mesangial cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5141-5150. [PMID: 30320390 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 has exhibited pleiotropic effects in the regulation of glomerulosclerosis progression through its four receptors. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of prostaglandin receptor EP4 on mesangial cell proliferation. In vivo, 5/6 nephrectomy was introduced into EP4+/‑ and wild‑type (WT) mice. Clinical parameters were monitored post‑surgery. At 8 weeks post‑surgery, glomerular fibrosis‑associated indicators were measured by immunohistochemical staining and trichrome staining. In vitro, mesangial cells in different groups (transfected with green fluorescent protein, AD‑EF4 or AD‑CRE) were exposed to transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 for 24 h to detect the level of downstream signaling. Corresponding signaling inhibitors were also used to validate the signaling effects. Following surgery, EP4+/‑ mice presented a higher survival rate and normal urine volume compared with the WT group, and serum creatinine level and 24 h urine protein were lower in the EP4+/‑ mice. Furthermore, associated profibrotic indicators were identified to have decreased at 8 weeks post‑surgery along with less tubule‑interstitial fibrosis. In vivo, the inhibition of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase and P38 phosphorylation alleviated the accumulation of mesangial matrix, and these signals were enhanced when EP4 was overexpressed. EP4 enhancement aggravated imbalanced mesangial cell proliferation stimulated by TGF‑β1 and GS of mice treated with 5/6 nephrectomy through the Smad and mitogen‑activated protein kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Cao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Pan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Naifeng Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Wang
- Basic Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Chen P, Di G, Qi X, Zhou Q, Gao H. Netrin-1 promotes diabetic corneal wound healing through molecular mechanisms mediated via the adenosine 2B receptor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5994. [PMID: 29662125 PMCID: PMC5902612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrins are secreted chemoattractants with the roles in axon guidance, cell migration and epithelial plasticity. In the present study, we investigated the roles of netrin-1 in the regulation of corneal epithelial wound healing, inflammation response and nerve fiber regeneration in diabetic mice and cultured corneal epithelial cells. In diabetic mice, the expression of netrin-1 was decreased when compared with that of normal mice. Furthermore, high glucose blocked the wounding-induced up-regulation of netrin-1 expression in corneal epithelial cells. Exogenous netrin-1 promoted the corneal epithelial wound healing in diabetic mice, and facilitated the proliferation and migration by reactivating the phosphorylation of ERK and EGFR in high-glucose treated corneal epithelial cells. Moreover, netrin-1 decreased the neutrophil infiltration and promoted M2 macrophage transition, accompanied with the attenuated expression of pro-inflammatory factors in diabetic mouse corneal epithelium. The promotions of netrin-1 on corneal epithelial wound healing and inflammation resolution were mediated at least through the adenosine 2B receptor. In addition, netrin-1 promoted the regeneration of corneal nerve fibers that was impaired in diabetic mice. Taken together, netrin-1 regulates corneal epithelial wound healing, inflammation response and nerve fiber regeneration in diabetic mice, indicating the potential application for the therapy of diabetic keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohu Di
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xia Qi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Yu SMW, Bonventre JV. Acute Kidney Injury and Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018; 25:166-180. [PMID: 29580581 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease, commonly termed diabetic nephropathy (DN), is the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide. The characteristic histopathology of DN includes glomerular basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, nodular glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Diabetes is associated with a number of metabolic derangements, such as reactive oxygen species overproduction, hypoxic state, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. In the past few decades, our knowledge of DN has advanced considerably although much needs to be learned. The traditional paradigm of glomerulus-centered pathophysiology has expanded to the tubule-interstitium, the immune response and inflammation. Biomarkers of proximal tubule injury have been shown to correlate with DN progression, independent of traditional glomerular injury biomarkers such as albuminuria. In this review, we summarize mechanisms of increased susceptibility to acute kidney injury in diabetes mellitus and the roles played by many kidney cell types to facilitate maladaptive responses leading to chronic and end-stage kidney disease.
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32
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Zhuang Y, Wang C, Wu C, Ding D, Zhao F, Hu C, Gong W, Ding G, Zhang Y, Chen L, Yang G, Zhu C, Zhang A, Jia Z, Huang S. Mitochondrial oxidative stress activates COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 cascade induced by albumin in renal proximal tubular cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:9235-9245. [PMID: 29507686 PMCID: PMC5823666 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 cascade is of importance in the pathogenesis of kidney injury. Meanwhile, recent studies documented a detrimental role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in kidney diseases. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in albumin-induced activation of COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 cascade in renal proximal tubular cells. Following albumin overload in mice, we observed a significant increase of oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormality determined by transmission electron microscope, which was attenuated by the administration of MnTBAP, a mitochondrial SOD2 mimic. More interestingly, albumin overload-induced upregulation of COX-2 and mPGES-1 at mRNA and protein levels was largely abolished by MnTBAP treatment in mice. Meanwhile, urinary PGE2 excretion was also blocked by MnTBAP treatment. Furthermore, mouse proximal tubule epithelial cells (mPTCs) were treated with albumin. Similarly, COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 cascade was significantly activated by albumin in dose- and time-dependent manners, which was abolished by MnTBAP treatment in parallel with a blockade of oxidative stress. Collectively, the findings from current study demonstrated that mitochondrial oxidative stress could activate COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 cascade in proximal tubular cells under the proteinuria condition. Mitochondrial oxidative stress/COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 could serve as the important targets for the treatment of proteinuria-associated kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chenhu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chunfeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Caiyu Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guixia Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guangrui Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
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Yimer EM, Zewdie KA, Hishe HZ. Netrin as a Novel Biomarker and Its Therapeutic Implications in Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes-Associated Complications. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8250521. [PMID: 30320139 PMCID: PMC6167572 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8250521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome and is one of the shared long-lasting illnesses globally. It is linked to long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications that contribute to disability, compromised quality of life, and reduction in lifespan, which eventually leads to death. This disease is not only incurring significant economic burden but also adversely affects the patients, caregivers, communities, and the society at large. The interruption of diabetes progress and its complications is a primary focus of scientific communities. In spite of various diagnostic modalities for diabetes, there is a limited marker to investigate the risk and progress of its complications. Netrin has recently received more attention as a biomarker of diabetes and a broader range of long-term complication. Therefore, the impetus of this review is to exhaustively discuss the role of Netrin as a potential biomarker and its therapeutic implication in diabetes and diverse sets of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. It also discourses the possible mechanisms of Netrin for the said pharmacological effect for a better understanding of the development and progression of diabetes and its complications in relation to this protein. It enables protective measures to be applied at the subclinical stage and the responses to preventive or therapeutic measures to be scrutinized. Besides, it might also facilitate the appraisal of novel therapeutic options for diabetes and various complications through modifying the endogenous Netrin and provide surrogate endpoints for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim M. Yimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
| | - Hailemichael Zeru Hishe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
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Yim J, Kim G, Lee BW, Kang ES, Cha BS, Kim JH, Cho JW, Lee SG, Lee YH. Relationship Between Circulating Netrin-1 Concentration, Impaired Fasting Glucose, and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:691. [PMID: 30532735 PMCID: PMC6265472 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The protein netrin-1 has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, tissue regeneration, and immune modulation properties. Although inflammation is a major contributing factor in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, little is known about a possible relationship between serum netrin-1 and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we investigated the association between circulating levels of netrin-1 and glycometabolic parameters predictive of type 2 diabetes. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 41 normal controls, 85 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and 92 subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed and netrin-1 levels were measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Spearman correlation analyses and multivariable-adjusted regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between serum netrin-1 levels and glycometabolic parameters. Results: Serum netrin-1 levels in subjects with type 2 diabetes or IFG were significantly higher compared to normal controls (441.0, 436.6, and 275.9 pg/mL, respectively; P for trend < 0.001). Serum netrin-1 levels were significantly positively correlated with fasting glucose, HbA1c, and insulin resistance index (all Ps < 0.01). Serum netrin-1 levels were independently associated with IFG or type 2 diabetes (standardized β = 0.405, P < 0.001) after adjusting for covariates and potential confounders. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that serum netrin-1 levels could identify the presence of IFG and type 2 diabetes with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.784 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that elevated serum netrin-1 levels are significantly associated with the presence of IFG and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisook Yim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Special Chemistry, Green Cross Reference Laboratory, Yongin-si, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Guk Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sang-Guk Lee
| | - Yong-ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Systems Biology, Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Yong-ho Lee
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Toque HA, Fernandez-Flores A, Mohamed R, Caldwell RB, Ramesh G, Caldwell RW. Netrin-1 is a novel regulator of vascular endothelial function in diabetes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186734. [PMID: 29059224 PMCID: PMC5653335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netrin-1, a secreted laminin-like protein identified as an axon guidance molecule, has been shown to be of critical importance in the cardiovascular system. Recent studies have revealed pro-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of netrin-1 as well as cardioprotective actions against myocardial injury in diabetic mice. AIM To examine the role of netrin-1 in diabetes-and high glucose (HG)-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) using netrin-1 transgenic mice (Tg3) and cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). MAIN OUTCOME Overexpression of netrin-1 prevented diabetes-induced VED in aorta from diabetic mice and netrin-1 treatment attenuated HG-induced impairment of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) function in BAECs. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments were performed in Tg3 and littermate control (WT) mice rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ) and in BAECs treated with HG (25 mmol/L). Levels of netrin-1 and its receptor DCC, markers of inflammation and apoptosis and vascular function were assessed in aortas from diabetic and non-diabetic Tg3 and WT mice. Vascular netrin-1 in WT mice was reduced under diabetic conditions. Aortas from non-diabetic Tg3 and WT mice showed similar maximum endothelium-dependent relaxation (MEDR) (83% and 87%, respectively). MEDR was markedly impaired in aorta from diabetic WT mice (51%). This effect was significantly blunted in Tg3 diabetic aortas (70%). Improved vascular relaxation in Tg3 diabetic mice was associated with increased levels of phospho-ERK1/2 and reduced levels of oxidant stress, NFκB, COX-2, p16INK4A, cleaved caspase-3 and p16 and p53 mRNA. Netrin-1 treatment prevented the HG-induced decrease in NO production and elevation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in BAECs. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes decreases aortic levels of netrin-1. However, overexpression of netrin-1 attenuates diabetes-induced VED and limits the reduction of NO levels, while increasing expression of p-ERK1/2, and suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory and apoptotic processes. Enhancement of netrin-1 function may be a useful therapeutic means for preventing vascular dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroldo A. Toque
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Aracely Fernandez-Flores
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Riyaz Mohamed
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ruth B. Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ganesan Ramesh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - R. William Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
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Zhang J, Qu HY, Song J, Wei J, Jiang S, Wang L, Wang L, Buggs J, Liu R. Enhanced hemodynamic responses to angiotensin II in diabetes are associated with increased expression and activity of AT1 receptors in the afferent arteriole. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:531-540. [PMID: 28842434 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00025.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension is about twofold higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects. Hypertension aggravates the progression of diabetic complications, especially diabetic nephropathy. However, the mechanisms for the development of hypertension in diabetes have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that enhanced constrictive responsiveness of renal afferent arterioles (Af-Art) to angiotensin II (ANG II) mediated by ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptors contributes to the development of hypertension in diabetes. In response to an acute bolus intravenous injection of ANG II, alloxan-induced diabetic mice exhibited a higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) (119.1 ± 3.8 vs. 106.2 ± 3.5 mmHg) and a lower renal blood flow (0.25 ± 0.07 vs. 0.52 ± 0.14 ml/min) compared with nondiabetic mice. In response to chronic ANG II infusion, the MAP measured with telemetry increased by 55.8 ± 6.5 mmHg in diabetic mice, but only by 32.3 ± 3.8 mmHg in nondiabetic mice. The mRNA level of AT1 receptor increased by ~10-fold in isolated Af-Art of diabetic mice compared with nondiabetic mice, whereas ANG II type 2 (AT2) receptor expression did not change. The ANG II dose-response curve of the Af-Art was significantly enhanced in diabetic mice. Moreover, the AT1 receptor antagonist, losartan, blocked the ANG II-induced vasoconstriction in both diabetic mice and nondiabetic mice. In conclusion, we found enhanced expression of the AT1 receptor and exaggerated response to ANG II of the Af-Art in diabetes, which may contribute to the increased prevalence of hypertension in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; and
| | - Helena Y Qu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; and
| | - Jiangping Song
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; and
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; and
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; and
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; and
| | - Liqing Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; and
| | | | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; and
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Wen YJ, Yin MC. The anti-inflammatory and anti-glycative effects of rosmarinic acid in the livers of type 1 diabetic mice. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:19. [PMID: 28840833 PMCID: PMC5571663 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a polyphenol present in members of the Lamiaceae family. In this study, yhe anti-inflammatory and anti-glycative effects of RA in the livers of type 1 diabetic mice were examined. Methods: The diabetic mice were divided into three groups: diabetic mice with 0, low dose RA (25 mg/ml), and high dose RA (50 mg/ml). One group of non-diabetic mice was used as a control for comparison. RA was supplied via daily 200 μL oral injections for 9 weeks. The level of interleukin (IL)-6, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in the livers were measured. The hepatic receptor of advanced glycative endproduct (RAGE), the sorbitol levels, and the glyoxalase 1 (GLO-1) activity were also determined. Results: Compared with diabetic group that received no RA, the groups with RA supplements at both levels of dosages had increased body weight and had both decreased water intake and feed intake (p < 0.05). RA intake was found to reduce plasma glucose level and elevate plasma insulin level when compared with the diabetic group that received no RA (p < 0.05). RA treatments lowered the hepatic level of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and PGE2, as well as the activity of COX-2 (p < 0.05). RA administration also decreased hepatic RAGE and sorbitol levels, and GLO-1 activity when compared with the diabetic group that received no RA (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings support the conclusion that rosmarinic acid (RA) could be a potent protective agent for the liver against diabetic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Wen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chin Yin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Xing Y, Lai J, Liu X, Zhang N, Ming J, Liu H, Zhang X. Netrin-1 restores cell injury and impaired angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells upon high glucose by PI3K/AKT-eNOS. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:167-177. [PMID: 28250059 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) represents a common vascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) with high morbidity and disability resulting from amputation. Netrin-1 level was decreased in type 2 DM patients and has been identified as a protective regulator against diabetes-triggered myocardial infarction and nephropathy. Unfortunately, its role and molecular mechanism in DFU remain poorly elucidated. Here, netrin-1 levels were reduced in DM and DFU patients relative to healthy controls, with netrin-1 levels being the lowest in DFU patients. Moreover, exposure to high glucose (HG) also suppressed netrin-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Elevated netrin-1 expression by infection with Ad-netrin-1 adenovirus vector protected against HUVEC injury in response to HG by ameliorating the inhibitory effects on cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, cell apoptotic rate and caspase-3 activity. Importantly, HG-impaired angiogenesis was improved after netrin-1 overexpression by elevating cell migration, capillary-like tube formation and VEGF production. Mechanism assay substantiated that netrin-1 elevation increased the phosphorylation levels of AKT and eNOS, and NO production, which was notably suppressed by HG, indicating that netrin-1 overexpression restored HG-triggered impairment of the PI3K/AKT-eNOS pathway. More intriguingly, preconditioning with LY294002 (PI3K/AKT antagonist) or NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (eNOS inhibitor) antagonized netrin-1-induced activation of the PI3K/AKT-eNOS pathway. Concomitantly, treatment with these antagonists also attenuated the protective role of netrin-1 in endothelial dysfunction upon HG stimulation. These results suggest that elevation of netrin-1 may restore HG-triggered impairment of HUVEC and angiogenesis by activating the PI3K/AKT-eNOS pathway, indicating a potential agent for wound healing in DFU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xing
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism DiseaseXijing Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Lai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism DiseaseXijing Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism DiseaseXijing Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism DiseaseXijing Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism DiseaseXijing Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengxin Liu
- Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryXijing Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryXijing Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Newton VL, Guck JD, Cotter MA, Cameron NE, Gardiner NJ. Neutrophils Infiltrate the Spinal Cord Parenchyma of Rats with Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:4729284. [PMID: 28293643 PMCID: PMC5331287 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4729284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal glial cell activation and cytokine secretion have been implicated in the etiology of neuropathic pain in a number of experimental models, including diabetic neuropathy. In this study, streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats were either untreated or treated with gabapentin (50 mg/kg/day by gavage for 2 weeks, from 6 weeks after STZ). At 8 weeks after STZ, hypersensitivity was confirmed in the untreated diabetic rats as a reduced response threshold to touch, whilst mechanical thresholds in gabapentin-treated diabetic rats were no different from controls. Diabetes-associated thermal hypersensitivity was also ameliorated by gabapentin. We performed a cytokine profiling array in lumbar spinal cord samples from control and diabetic rats. This revealed an increase in L-selectin, an adhesion molecule important for neutrophil transmigration, in the spinal cord of diabetic rats but not diabetic rats treated with gabapentin. Furthermore, we found an increase in the number of neutrophils present in the parenchyma of the spinal cord, which was again ameliorated in gabapentin-treated diabetic rats. Therefore, we suggest that dysregulated spinal L-selectin and neutrophil infiltration into the spinal cord could contribute to the pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. Newton
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jonathan D. Guck
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mary A. Cotter
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Natalie J. Gardiner
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- *Natalie J. Gardiner:
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Bai J, Hao J, Zhang X, Cui H, Han J, Cao N. Netrin-1 attenuates the progression of renal dysfunction by blocking endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model. BMC Nephrol 2016; 17:47. [PMID: 27176224 PMCID: PMC4866282 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is a crucial event during kidney interstitial fibrosis and it is believed to be inhibited by netrin-1. Our aim was to determine the influence of netrin-1 on renal EndoMT in chronic kidney disease by studying its effect in 5/6 nephrectomized (Nx) rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (10 rats/group): sham-operated rats treated with control adenovirus; 5/6 Nx rats treated with control adenovirus; and 5/6 Nx rats treated with recombinant adenovirus expressing the netrin-1 gene (Ad-netrin-1). Rats were sacrificed 13 weeks after surgery. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) levels were measured regularly after surgery. After the rats were sacrificed, pathological changes in renal tissues were analyzed histologically. Immunofluorescence was performed to evaluate the co-expression of CD31 and α-SMA. CD31, α-SMA and Snail mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. Protein expression was detected by western blot. RESULTS Renal function and histopathological damage were significantly improved in Ad-netrin-1-treated 5/6 Nx rats. In the sham and control-treated 5/6 Nx rats, the percentage of CD31(+)/α-SMA(+) cells increased, which indicated EndoMT. However, the percentage of CD31(+)/α-SMA(+) cells were reduced in the netrin-1-treated 5/6 Nx rats, which indicates netrin-1-induced blocking of EndoMT. CONCLUSION From the results, it seems that netrin-1 attenuates the progression of renal dysfunction by inhibiting EndoMT in 5/6 Nx rats. Netrin-1 can therefore be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxu Bai
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hanmin Cui
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingming Han
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ning Cao
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China.
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LIU YAOWU, ZHU XIA, CHENG YAQIN, LU QIAN, ZHANG FAN, GUO HAO, YIN XIAOXING. Ibuprofen attenuates nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5326-34. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Han XF, Zhang Y, Xiong LL, Xu Y, Zhang P, Xia QJ, Wang TH, Ba YC. Lentiviral-Mediated Netrin-1 Overexpression Improves Motor and Sensory Functions in SCT Rats Associated with SYP and GAP-43 Expressions. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1684-1697. [PMID: 26873853 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), as a major cause of disability, usually causes serious loss of motor and sensory functions. As a bifunctional axonal guidance cue, netrin-1 can attract axons via the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) receptors and repelling others via Unc5 receptors, but its exact role in the recovery of motor and sensory function has not well been studied, and the mechanisms remains elusive. The aim of this experiment is to determine whether lentiviral (LV)-mediated overexpression of netrin-1 or RNA interference (RNAi) can regulate the functional recovery in rats subjected to spinal cord transection (SCT). Firstly, two lentiviral vectors including Lv-exNtn-1 (netrin-1 open reading frame (ORF)) and Lv-shNtn-1 (netrin-1 sh) were constructed and injected into spinal cords rostral and caudal to the transected lesion site. Overexpressing netrin-1 enhanced significantly locomotor function, and reduced thermal and mechanical stimuli in vivo, compared with the control, while silencing netrin-1 did not significantly change the situation. Western blot and immunostaining analysis confirmed that netrin-1 ORF treatment not only effectively increased the expression level of netrin-1, also up-regulated the level of synaptophysin (SYP) in spinal cord rostral to the lesion, but also enhanced growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) expression in spinal cord caudal to the lesion site. Comparatively, knockdown of netrin-1 did not give rise to positive findings in our experimental condition. These findings therefore pointed that Lv-mediated netrin-1 overexpression could promote motor and sensory functional recoveries following SCT, and the underlying mechanisms were associated with SYP and GAP-43 expressions. The present study therefore provided a novel strategy for the treatment of SCI and explained the possible mechanisms for the functional improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Fei Han
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Liu Lin Xiong
- Department of Anesthesia, Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Piao Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Qing Jie Xia
- Department of Anesthesia, Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Hua Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Chun Ba
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China.
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Prostaglandin E2 increases proximal tubule fluid reabsorption, and modulates cultured proximal tubule cell responses via EP1 and EP4 receptors. J Transl Med 2015; 95:1044-55. [PMID: 26121313 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal prostaglandin (PG) E2 regulates salt and water transport, and affects disease processes via EP1-4 receptors, but its role in the proximal tubule (PT) is unknown. Our study investigates the effects of PGE2 on mouse PT fluid reabsorption, and its role in growth, sodium transporter expression, fibrosis, and oxidative stress in a mouse PT cell line (MCT). To determine which PGE2 EP receptors are expressed in MCT, qPCR for EP1-4 was performed on cells stimulated for 24 h with PGE2 or transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), a known mediator of PT injury in kidney disease. EP1 and EP4 were detected in MCT, but EP2 and EP3 are not expressed. EP1 was increased by PGE2 and TGFβ, but EP4 was unchanged. To confirm the involvement of EP1 and EP4, sulprostone (SLP, EP1/3 agonist), ONO8711 (EP1 antagonist), and EP1 and EP4 siRNA were used. We first show that PGE2, SLP, and TGFβ reduced H(3)-thymidine and H(3)-leucine incorporation. The effects on cell-cycle regulators were examined by western blot. PGE2 increased p27 via EP1 and EP4, but TGFβ increased p21; PGE2-induced p27 was attenuated by TGFβ. PGE2 and SLP reduced cyclinE, while TGFβ increased cyclinD1, an effect attenuated by PGE2 administration. Na-K-ATPase α1 (NaK) was increased by PGE2 via EP1 and EP4. TGFβ had no effect on NaK. Additionally, PGE2 and TGFβ increased fibronectin levels, reaching 12-fold upon co-stimulation. EP1 siRNA abrogated PGE2-fibronectin. PGE2 also increased ROS generation, and ONO-8711 blocked PGE2-ROS. Finally, PGE2 significantly increased fluid reabsorption by 31 and 46% in isolated perfused mouse PT from C57BL/6 and FVB mice, respectively, and this was attenuated in FVB-EP1 null mice. Altogether PGE2 acting on EP1 and EP4 receptors may prove to be important mediators of PT injury, and salt and water transport.
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Ranganathan P, Mohamed R, Jayakumar C, Brands MW, Ramesh G. Deletion of UNC5B in Kidney Epithelium Exacerbates Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice. Am J Nephrol 2015; 41:220-30. [PMID: 25896231 DOI: 10.1159/000381428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidance cue netrin-1 was shown to have protective effects in diabetic nephropathy. However, the role of its receptor UNC5B in diabetic kidney disease is unknown. Moreover, whether netrin-1 is protective against diabetic kidney disease in a genetic model of nephropathy and in the nephropathy prone DBA background is also unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of UNC5B in tubular epithelial cells in chronic kidney disease due to diabetes and evaluate whether netrin-1 is also protective in the case of a nephropathy-prone mouse. METHODS Proximal tubular epithelium-specific UNC5B knockout mice as well as heterozygous UNC5B knockout mice were used to determine the roles of UNC5B in nephropathy. Diabetes was induced in these tissue-specific knockout, heterozygous and WT mice, and albuminuria was then monitored. RESULTS WT and heterozygous diabetic mice developed significant albuminuria at 8 weeks after induction of diabetes as compared to buffer-treated control mice. However, albuminuria was significantly more pronounced in mice with proximal tubule specific deletion of UNC5B. Transgenic overexpression of netrin-1 in proximal tubules in the DBA background and administration of recombinant netrin-1 to Ins2Akita mice also significantly reduced diabetes-induced albuminuria and suppressed glomerular and interstitial lesions. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that netrin-1 signaling in proximal tubular epithelium may play a critical role in the protection of kidney against diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punithavathi Ranganathan
- Department of Medicine and Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Ga., USA
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Chuang CT, Guh JY, Lu CY, Wang YT, Chen HC, Chuang LY. Steap4 attenuates high glucose and S100B-induced effects in mesangial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1234-44. [PMID: 25817898 PMCID: PMC4459839 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4 (Steap4)-knockout mice develop hyperglycaemia and inflammation whereas Steap4 overexpression attenuates atherosclerosis in diabetic mice. Thus, we studied the roles of Steap4 in high glucose (HG, 27.5 mM) or S100B (1 μM, a ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end-product or RAGE)-induced effects in mouse mesangial (MES13) cells. We found that HG-induced Steap4 protein expression was dependent on S100B. HG increased cell membrane, but not cytosolic, Steap4 protein expression. HG increased protein-protein interaction between Steap4 and S100B, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry of immunoprecipitated S100B. SP600125, LY294002 and AG490 attenuated S100B-induced Steap4 protein expression or gene transcriptional activity. A mutation in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) site 2 of the Steap4 promoter constructs resulted in a marked decrease in HG or S100B-induced activation of Steap4 gene transcription. Overexpression of Steap4 attenuates HG or S100B-induced collagen IV, fibronectin and cyclooxygenase 2 protein expression. Overexpression of Steap4 attenuates HG or S100B-induced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Moreover, overexpression of Steap4 attenuates S100B-induced signalling. Finally, overexpressing Steap4 attenuated renal expression of fibronectin, S100B, TGF-β, type IV collagen, p-Akt, p-extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 and p-Stat3 in streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Thus, overexpression of Steap4 attenuated HG or S100B-induced effects in MES13 cells and attenuated some of S100B-induced effects in diabetic mouse kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Tang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Yuh Guh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yeng-Tseng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lea-Yea Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Role of COX-2/mPGES-1/prostaglandin E2 cascade in kidney injury. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:147894. [PMID: 25729216 PMCID: PMC4333324 DOI: 10.1155/2015/147894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 cascade plays critical roles in modulating many physiological and pathological actions in different organs. In the kidney, this cascade is of high importance in regulating fluid metabolism, blood pressure, and renal hemodynamics. Under some disease conditions, this cascade displays various actions in response to the different pathological insults. In the present review, the roles of this cascade in the pathogenesis of kidney injuries including diabetic and nondiabetic kidney diseases and acute kidney injuries were introduced and discussed. The new insights from this review not only increase the understanding of the pathological role of the COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 pathway in kidney injuries, but also shed new light on the innovation of the strategies for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Huang Q, Hua HW, Jiang F, Liu DH, Ding G. Netrin-1 promoted pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by upregulation of Mdm2. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9927-34. [PMID: 25001177 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 displays proto-oncogenic activity in several cancers, which is thought to result from the ability of netrin-1 secretions to stimulate survival when bound to associated receptors. The objective of this study was to determine the role of netrin-1 in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Our results revealed that netrin-1 overexpression promoted while its silence inhibited two pancreatic cancer cell lines. At the molecular level, we found that netrin-1 promoted cell proliferation by upregulation of murine double minute 2 (Mdm2). As a result, p53 protein contents were reduced in cells overexpressing netrin-1. Therefore, our data suggests the presence of a previously unknown network in the proliferation and progression of pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200093, China
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Nasrallah R, Hassouneh R, Hébert RL. Chronic kidney disease: targeting prostaglandin E2 receptors. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F243-50. [PMID: 24966087 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00224.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. A better understanding of disease mechanisms has been gained in recent years, but the current management strategies are ineffective at preventing disease progression. A widespread focus of research is placed on elucidating the specific processes implicated to find more effective therapeutic options. PGE2, acting on its four EP receptors, regulates many renal disease processes; thus EP receptors could prove to be important targets for kidney disease intervention strategies. This review summarizes the major pathogenic mechanisms contributing to initiation and progression of chronic kidney disease, emphasizing the role of hyperglycemia, hypertension, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We have long recognized the multifaceted role of PGs in both the initiation and progression of chronic kidney disease, yet studies are only now seriously contemplating specific EP receptors as targets for therapy. Given the plethora of renal complications attributed to PG involvement in the kidney, this review highlights these pathogenic events and emphasizes the PGE2 receptor targets as options available to complement current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Nasrallah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Kidney Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramzi Hassouneh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Kidney Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard L Hébert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Kidney Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Guidance cue netrin-1 and the regulation of inflammation in acute and chronic kidney disease. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:525891. [PMID: 24991088 PMCID: PMC4065723 DOI: 10.1155/2014/525891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in the hospital setting and intensive care unit. Despite improved understanding, there are no effective therapies available to treat AKI. A large body of evidence strongly suggests that ischemia reperfusion injury is an inflammatory disease mediated by both adaptive and innate immune systems. Cell migration also plays an important role in embryonic development and inflammation, and this process is highly regulated to ensure tissue homeostasis. One such paradigm exists in the developing nervous system, where neuronal migration is mediated by a balance between chemoattractive and chemorepulsive signals. The ability of the guidance molecule netrin-1 to repulse or abolish attraction of neuronal cells expressing the UNC5B receptor makes it an attractive candidate for the regulation of inflammatory cell migration. Recent identification of netrin-1 as regulators of immune cell migration has led to a large number of studies looking into how netrin-1 controls inflammation and inflammatory cell migration. This review will focus on recent advances in understanding netrin-1 mediated regulation of inflammation during acute and chronic kidney disease and whether netrin-1 and its receptor activation can be used to treat acute and chronic kidney disease.
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Pye C, Elsherbiny NM, Ibrahim AS, Liou GI, Chadli A, Al-Shabrawey M, Elmarakby AA. Adenosine kinase inhibition protects the kidney against streptozotocin-induced diabetes through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2014; 85:45-54. [PMID: 24841126 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine provides anti-inflammatory effects in cardiovascular disease via the activation of adenosine A2A receptors; however, the physiological effect of adenosine could be limited due to its phosphorylation by adenosine kinase. We hypothesized that inhibition of adenosine kinase exacerbates extracellular adenosine levels to reduce renal inflammation and injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetes was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by daily injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg/day, i.p. for 5 days). Control and diabetic mice were then treated with the adenosine kinase inhibitor ABT702 (1.5mg/kg, i.p. two times a week for 8 weeks, n=7-8/group) or the vehicle (5% DMSO). ABT702 treatment reduced blood glucose level in diabetic mice (∼20%; P<0.05). ABT702 also reduced albuminuria and markers of glomerular injury, nephrinuria and podocalyxin excretion levels, in diabetic mice. Renal NADPH oxidase activity and urinary thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) excretion, indices of oxidative stress, were also elevated in diabetic mice and ABT702 significantly reduced these changes. ABT702 increased renal endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression (eNOS) and nitrate/nitrite excretion levels in diabetic mice. In addition, the diabetic mice displayed an increase in renal macrophage infiltration, in association with increased renal NFκB activation. Importantly, treatment with ABT702 significantly reduced all these inflammatory parameters (P<0.05). Furthermore, ABT702 decreased glomerular permeability and inflammation and restored the decrease in glomerular occludin expression in vitro in high glucose treated human glomerular endothelial cells. Collectively, the results suggest that the reno-protective effects of ABT702 could be attributed to the reduction in renal inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey Pye
- Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Ibrahim
- Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gregory I Liou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Center for Molecular Chaperones/Radiobiology and Cancer Virology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Ahmed A Elmarakby
- Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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