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Ekperikpe US, Daehn IS. Integrity of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier: The Impact of Adhesion G-Protein-Coupled Receptor F5 on Glomerular Endothelial Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:1303-1305. [PMID: 39207847 PMCID: PMC11452130 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ubong S Ekperikpe
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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2
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Gujarati NA, Frimpong BO, Zaidi M, Bronstein R, Revelo MP, Haley JD, Kravets I, Guo Y, Mallipattu SK. Podocyte-specific KLF6 primes proximal tubule CaMK1D signaling to attenuate diabetic kidney disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8038. [PMID: 39271683 PMCID: PMC11399446 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. While injury to the podocytes, visceral epithelial cells that comprise the glomerular filtration barrier, drives albuminuria, proximal tubule (PT) dysfunction is the critical mediator of DKD progression. Here, we report that the podocyte-specific induction of human KLF6, a zinc-finger binding transcription factor, attenuates podocyte loss, PT dysfunction, and eventual interstitial fibrosis in a male murine model of DKD. Utilizing combination of snRNA-seq, snATAC-seq, and tandem mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that podocyte-specific KLF6 triggers the release of secretory ApoJ to activate calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase 1D (CaMK1D) signaling in neighboring PT cells. CaMK1D is enriched in the first segment of the PT, proximal to the podocytes, and is critical to attenuating mitochondrial fission and restoring mitochondrial function under diabetic conditions. Targeting podocyte-PT signaling by enhancing ApoJ-CaMK1D might be a key therapeutic strategy in attenuating the progression of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehaben A Gujarati
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Bismark O Frimpong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Malaika Zaidi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Robert Bronstein
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Monica P Revelo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John D Haley
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Igor Kravets
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yiqing Guo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Renal Section, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA.
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3
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Min L, Zhong F, Gu L, Lee K, He JC. Krüppel-like factor 2 is an endoprotective transcription factor in diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C477-C486. [PMID: 38981608 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00222.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a microvascular complication of diabetes, and glomerular endothelial cell (GEC) dysfunction is a key driver of DKD pathogenesis. Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), a shear stress-induced transcription factor, is among the highly regulated genes in early DKD. In the kidney, KLF2 expression is mostly restricted to endothelial cells, but its expression is also found in immune cell subsets. KLF2 expression is upregulated in response to increased shear stress by the activation of mechanosensory receptors but suppressed by inflammatory cytokines, both of which characterize the early diabetic kidney milieu. KLF2 expression is reduced in progressive DKD and hypertensive nephropathy in humans and mice, likely due to high glucose and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. However, KLF2 expression is increased in glomerular hyperfiltration-induced shear stress without metabolic dysregulation, such as in settings of unilateral nephrectomy. Lower KLF2 expression is associated with CKD progression in patients with unilateral nephrectomy, consistent with its endoprotective role. KLF2 confers endoprotection by inhibition of inflammation, thrombotic activation, and angiogenesis, and thus KLF2 is considered a protective factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on similar mechanisms, KLF2 also exhibits renoprotection, and its reduced expression in endothelial cells worsens glomerular injury and albuminuria in settings of diabetes or unilateral nephrectomy. Thus KLF2 confers endoprotective effects in both CVD and DKD, and its activators could potentially be developed as a novel class of drugs for cardiorenal protection in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Min
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Fang Zhong
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Leyi Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
- Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affair Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States
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4
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Hulin A, Gelé T, Fenioux C, Kempf E, Sahali D, Tournigand C, Ollero M. Pharmacology of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Implications for Patients with Kidney Diseases. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 19:927-938. [PMID: 38079278 PMCID: PMC11254026 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have introduced a significant advancement in cancer management. These compounds are administered orally, and their absorption holds a pivotal role in determining their variable efficacy. They exhibit extensive distribution within the body, binding strongly to both plasma and tissue proteins. Often reliant on efflux and influx transporters, TKI undergo primary metabolism by intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, with nonkidney clearance being predominant. Owing to their limited therapeutic window, many TKI display considerable intraindividual and interindividual variability. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the clinical pharmacokinetics of TKI, detailing their interactions with drug transporters and metabolic enzymes, while discussing potential clinical implications. The prevalence of kidney conditions, such as AKI and CKD, among patients with cancer is explored in their effect on TKI pharmacokinetics. Finally, the potential nephrotoxicity associated with TKI is also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hulin
- Pharmacology Laboratory, University Medicine Department of Biology-Pathology, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Thibaut Gelé
- Pharmacology Laboratory, University Medicine Department of Biology-Pathology, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Charlotte Fenioux
- Oncology Unit, University Medicine Department of Cancer, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kempf
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
- Oncology Unit, University Medicine Department of Cancer, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Dil Sahali
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
- Nephrology Unit, University Medicine Department of Medicine, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Tournigand
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
- Oncology Unit, University Medicine Department of Cancer, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Mario Ollero
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
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5
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Ito T, Kenmochi T, Kurihara K, Aida N, Hasegawa M, Ishihara T, Shintani A. Age and Pre-operative HbA1c levels affect renal function compensation in living kidney donors. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1315-1322. [PMID: 38032440 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES About 90% of Japanese kidney transplantations are conducted from living donors, and their safety and the maintenance of their renal function are critical. This study aims to identify factors that affect the compensation of renal function in living kidney donors after donor nephrectomy. METHOD In a retrospective cohort study, we reviewed data from 120 patients who underwent nephrectomy as living kidney transplant donors in our department from 2012 to 2021. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed for donor factors affecting renal function after donor nephrectomy. RESULT The multivariable linear regression model revealed that the donor's age (p = 0.025), preoperative estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) (p < 0.001), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (p = 0.043) were independent risk factors for eGFR at six months after nephrectomy. The eGFR deterioration was more strongly associated with age in females than in males, whereas higher HbA1c values were more strongly associated with eGFR deterioration in males. Higher donor age and higher HbA1c each enhance the deterioration of eGFR six months after living donor nephrectomy. The data suggest that old age in especially female donors and preoperative higher HbA1c in male donors have a harmful impact on their renal function compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taihei Ito
- Department of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kenmochi
- Department of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kei Kurihara
- Department of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Naohiro Aida
- Department of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Midori Hasegawa
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuma Ishihara
- Innovative and Clinical Research Promotion Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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6
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Hu S, Hang X, Wei Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhao L. Crosstalk among podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells in diabetic kidney disease: an updated review. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:136. [PMID: 38374141 PMCID: PMC10875896 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a long-term and serious complication of diabetes that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by proteinuria, glomerular damage, and renal fibrosis, leading to end-stage renal disease, and the pathogenesis is complex and involves multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. Among three kinds of intraglomerular cells including podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and mesangial cells (MCs), the alterations in one cell type can produce changes in the others. The cell-to-cell crosstalk plays a crucial role in maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and homeostasis. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in understanding the pathological changes and interactions of these three types of cells in DKD and then focused on the signaling pathways and factors that mediate the crosstalk, such as angiopoietins, vascular endothelial growth factors, transforming growth factor-β, Krüppel-like factors, retinoic acid receptor response protein 1 and exosomes, etc. Furthermore, we also simply introduce the application of the latest technologies in studying cell interactions within glomerular cells and new promising mediators for cell crosstalk in DKD. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the glomerular crosstalk in DKD and highlights its importance for the development of novel intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwan Hu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xing Hang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Han Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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7
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Wu J, Wang Z, Cai M, Wang X, Lo B, Li Q, He JC, Lee K, Fu J. GPR56 Promotes Diabetic Kidney Disease Through eNOS Regulation in Glomerular Endothelial Cells. Diabetes 2023; 72:1652-1663. [PMID: 37579299 PMCID: PMC10588296 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Although glomerular endothelial dysfunction is well recognized as contributing to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the molecular pathways contributing to DKD pathogenesis in glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) are only partially understood. To uncover pathways that are differentially regulated in early DKD that may contribute to disease pathogenesis, we recently conducted a transcriptomic analysis of isolated GECs from diabetic NOS3-null mice. The analysis identified several potential mediators of early DKD pathogenesis, one of which encoded an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor-56 (GPR56), also known as ADGRG1. Enhanced glomerular expression of GPR56 was observed in human diabetic kidneys, which was negatively associated with kidney function. Using cultured mouse GECs, we observed that GPR56 expression was induced with exposure to advanced glycation end products, as well as in high-glucose conditions, and its overexpression resulted in decreased phosphorylation and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This effect on eNOS by GPR56 was mediated by coupling of Gα12/13-RhoA pathway activation and Gαi-mediated cAMP/PKA pathway inhibition. The loss of GPR56 in mice led to a significant reduction in diabetes-induced albuminuria and glomerular injury, which was associated with reduced oxidative stress and restoration of eNOS expression in GECs. These findings suggest that GPR56 promotes DKD progression mediated, in part, through enhancing glomerular endothelial injury and dysfunction. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minchao Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin Lo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Renal Program, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center at Bronx, Bronx, NY
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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8
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Cao Y, Xiong Y, Sun H, Wang Z. Neurorescuing effect of Cinacalcet against hypercalcemia-induced nerve injury in chronic kidney disease via TRAF2/cIAP1/KLF2/SERPINA3 signal axis. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1-17. [PMID: 35635602 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypercalcemia is a common complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and unfortunately contributes to nerve injury. This study aims to investigate the potential role and underlying mechanisms of Cinacalcet (CIN) in hypercalcemia-driven nerve injury in CKD. A CKD mouse model was first established by adenine feeding to identify the therapeutic effects of CIN. Molecules related to CIN and CKD were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and their expression in the kidney tissues of CKD mice was measured by immunochemistry. Gain- and loss-of-functions assays were performed both in vitro and in vivo to evaluate their effects on nerve injury in CKD, as reflected by Scr and BUN, and brain calcium content as well as behavior tests. CIN ameliorated hypercalcemia-driven nerve injury in CKD mice. Interactions among TRAF2, an E3-ubiquitin ligase, KLF2, and SERPINA3 were bioinformatically predicted on CIN effect. CIN restricted the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of KLF2 by downregulating TRAF2. KLF2 targeted and inversely regulated SERPINA3 to repress hypercalcemia-driven nerve injury in CKD. CIN was substantiated in vivo to ameliorate hypercalcemia-driven nerve injury in CKD mice through the TRAF2/KLF2/SERPINA3 regulatory axis. Together, CIN suppresses SERPINA3 expression via TRAF2-mediated inhibition of the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of KLF2, thus repressing hypercalcemia-induced nerve injury in CKD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yingquan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongming Sun
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Hospital of Daqing, Daqing, 163712, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People's Republic of China
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9
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Zhao H, Wu D, Gyamfi MA, Wang P, Luecht C, Pfefferkorn AM, Ashraf MI, Kamhieh-Milz J, Witowski J, Dragun D, Budde K, Schindler R, Zickler D, Moll G, Catar R. Expanded Hemodialysis ameliorates uremia-induced impairment of vasculoprotective KLF2 and concomitant proinflammatory priming of endothelial cells through an ERK/AP1/cFOS-dependent mechanism. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209464. [PMID: 37795100 PMCID: PMC10546407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Expanded hemodialysis (HDx) therapy with improved molecular cut-off dialyzers exerts beneficial effects on lowering uremia-associated chronic systemic microinflammation, a driver of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hemodialysis (HD) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, studies on the underlying molecular mechanisms are still at an early stage. Here, we identify the (endothelial) transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) and its associated molecular signalling pathways as key targets and regulators of uremia-induced endothelial micro-inflammation in the HD/ESRD setting, which is crucial for vascular homeostasis and controlling detrimental vascular inflammation. Methods and results First, we found that human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) and other typical endothelial and kidney model cell lines (e.g. HUVECs, HREC, and HEK) exposed to uremic serum from patients treated with two different hemodialysis regimens in the Permeability Enhancement to Reduce Chronic Inflammation II (PERCI-II) crossover clinical trial - comparing High-Flux (HF) and Medium Cut-Off (MCO) membranes - exhibited strongly reduced expression of vasculoprotective KLF2 with HF dialyzers, while dialysis with MCO dialyzers led to the maintenance and restoration of physiological KLF2 levels in HMECs. Mechanistic follow-up revealed that the strong downmodulation of KLF2 in HMECs exposed to uremic serum was mediated by a dominant engagement of detrimental ERK instead of beneficial AKT signalling, with subsequent AP1-/c-FOS binding in the KLF2 promoter region, followed by the detrimental triggering of pleiotropic inflammatory mediators, while the introduction of a KLF2 overexpression plasmid could restore physiological KLF2 levels and downmodulate the detrimental vascular inflammation in a mechanistic rescue approach. Conclusion Uremia downmodulates vasculoprotective KLF2 in endothelium, leading to detrimental vascular inflammation, while MCO dialysis with the novel improved HDx therapy approach can maintain physiological levels of vasculoprotective KLF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dashan Wu
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Adu Gyamfi
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Pinchao Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Luecht
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Duska Dragun
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schindler
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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10
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Piret SE. Roles of Krüppel-Like Transcription Factors KLF6 and KLF15 in Proximal Tubular Metabolism. Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 147:766-768. [PMID: 37263229 DOI: 10.1159/000531336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors are widely expressed, including in the kidney. Expression of some KLFs changes in acute kidney injury, and this may be adaptive or maladaptive, and result in effects on various cellular pathways. This mini-review will highlight the roles of KLF6 and KLF15 in control of proximal tubular cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian E Piret
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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11
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Menon R, Otto EA, Berthier CC, Nair V, Farkash EA, Hodgin JB, Yang Y, Luo J, Woodside KJ, Zamani H, Norman SP, Wiggins RC, Kretzler M, Naik AS. Glomerular endothelial cell-podocyte stresses and crosstalk in structurally normal kidney transplants. Kidney Int 2022; 101:779-792. [PMID: 34952098 PMCID: PMC9067613 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased podocyte detachment begins immediately after kidney transplantation and is associated with long-term allograft failure. We hypothesized that cell-specific transcriptional changes in podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells after transplantation would offer mechanistic insights into the podocyte detachment process. To test this, we evaluated cell-specific transcriptional profiles of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes from 14 patients of their first-year surveillance biopsies with normal histology from low immune risk recipients with no post-transplant complications and compared these to biopsies of 20 healthy living donor controls. Glomerular endothelial cells from these surveillance biopsies were enriched for genes related to fluid shear stress, angiogenesis, and interferon signaling. In podocytes, pathways were enriched for genes in response to growth factor signaling and actin cytoskeletal reorganization but also showed evidence of podocyte stress as indicated by reduced nephrin (adhesion protein) gene expression. In parallel, transcripts coding for proteins required to maintain podocyte adherence to the underlying glomerular basement membrane were downregulated, including the major glomerular podocyte integrin α3 and the actin cytoskeleton-related gene synaptopodin. The reduction in integrin α3 protein expression in surveillance biopsies was confirmed by immunoperoxidase staining. The combined growth and stress response of patient allografts post-transplantation paralleled similar changes in a rodent model of nephrectomy-induced glomerular hypertrophic stress that progress to develop proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis with shortened kidney life span. Thus, even among patients with apparently healthy allografts with no detectable histologic abnormality including alloimmune injury, transcriptomic changes reflecting cell stresses are already set in motion that could drive hypertrophy-associated glomerular disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasree Menon
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Edgar A Otto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Celine C Berthier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Viji Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Evan A Farkash
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yingbao Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jinghui Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth J Woodside
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haniyeh Zamani
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Silas P Norman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger C Wiggins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Abhijit S Naik
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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12
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Renoprotective Effect of KLF2 on Glomerular Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertensive Nephropathy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050762. [PMID: 35269384 PMCID: PMC8909753 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) regulates endothelial cell metabolism; endothelial dysfunction is associated with hypertension and is a predictor of atherosclerosis development and cardiovascular events. Here, we investigated the role of KLF2 in hypertensive nephropathy by regulating KLF2 expression in human primary glomerular endothelial cells (hPGECs) and evaluating this expression in the kidney tissues of a 5/6 nephrectomy mouse model as well as patients with hypertension. Hypertension-mimicking devices and KLF2 siRNA were used to downregulate KLF2 expression, while the expression of KLF2 was upregulated by administering simvastatin. After 4 mmHg of pressure was applied on hPGECs for 48 h, KLF2 mRNA expression decreased, while alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) mRNA expression increased. Apoptosis and fibrosis rates were increased under pressure, and these phenomena were aggravated following KLF2 knockdown, but were alleviated after simvastatin treatment; additionally, these changes were observed in angiotensin II, angiotensin type-1 receptor (AT1R) mRNA, and interleukin-18 (IL-18), but not in angiotensin type-2 receptor mRNA. Reduced expression of KLF2 in glomerular endothelial cells due to hypertension was found in both 5/6 nephrectomy mice and patients with hypertensive nephropathy. Thus, our study demonstrates that the pressure-induced apoptosis and fibrosis of glomerular endothelial cells result from angiotensin II, AT1R activation, and KLF2 inhibition, and are associated with IL-18.
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13
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Wu Q, Wang J, Wang Y, Xiang L, Tan Y, Feng J, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Targeted delivery of celastrol to glomerular endothelium and podocytes for chronic kidney disease treatment. NANO RESEARCH 2021; 15:3556-3568. [PMID: 34925707 PMCID: PMC8666268 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The etiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complex and diverse, which could be briefly categorized to glomerular- or tubular-originated. However, the final outcomes of CKD are mainly glomerular sclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and injury, and chronic inflammation. Thus, targeted delivery of drugs to the glomeruli in order to ameliorate glomerular endothelial damage may help alleviate CKD and help enrich our knowledge. The herb tripterygium wilfordii shows therapeutic effect on kidney disease, and celastrol (CLT) is one of its active ingredients but with strong toxicity. Therefore, based on the unique structure and pathological characteristics of the glomerulus, we designed a targeted delivery system named peptides coupled CLT-phospholipid lipid nanoparticles (PC-PLNs) to efficiently deliver CLT to damaged endothelial cells and podocytes in the glomerulus for CKD treatment and research. PC-PLNs could effectively inhibit inflammation, reduce endothelial damage, alleviate CKD severity, and reduce the toxicity of CLT. We also studied the mechanism of CLT in the treatment of nephropathy and found that CLT can increase the level of NO by increasing eNOS while inhibiting the expression of VCAM-1, thus provides an anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, our study not only offered an efficient CKD drug formulation for further development, but also provided new medical knowledge about CKD. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (attached with all the supporting tables and figures mentioned in this work) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-021-3894-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Jiading Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Block 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610065 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Ling Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Yulu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Jiaxing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Block 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610065 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
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14
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Recent Advances in Diabetic Kidney Diseases: From Kidney Injury to Kidney Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111857. [PMID: 34769288 PMCID: PMC8584225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. The natural history of DKD includes glomerular hyperfiltration, progressive albuminuria, declining estimated glomerular filtration rate, and, ultimately, kidney failure. It is known that DKD is associated with metabolic changes caused by hyperglycemia, resulting in glomerular hypertrophy, glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Hyperglycemia is also known to cause programmed epigenetic modification. However, the detailed mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of DKD remain elusive. In this review, we discuss recent advances regarding the pathogenic mechanisms involved in DKD.
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15
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Cao Y, Chen X, Sun H. Silencing of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase ameliorates hypercalcemia-induced neurotoxicity in renal failure by regulating EZH2/KLF2/CXCL1 axis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:819. [PMID: 34462420 PMCID: PMC8405781 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypocalcemia, associated with Calcium neurotoxicity, has been reported to induce nerve dysfunction, which is a significant problem of renal failure. This study identifies a molecular mechanism of the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT)-mediated enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)/krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2)/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) axis underlying the hypercalcemia-induced nerve injury in renal failure. Bioinformatics analyses were used to screen out the key factors in hypercalcemia-induced nerve injury in renal failure. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was induced by an adenine diet in mice, followed by injection of adenovirus vector carrying short hairpin RNA targeting OGT, followed by behavioral tests and collection of the cerebral cortex for primary neurons. Calcium level in neurons was measured by Fluo-4-am and Perkin Elmer+ Operetta. Neuronal apoptosis and viability were detected by flow cytometry and the MTS method. The binding of EZH2 to KLF2 promoter was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. The concentration of Ca2+ in brain tissues of CKD model mice was increased, and nerve functions were obviously damaged. High expression of OGT occurred in kidney tissue of CKD model mice. Silencing OGT reduced the hypercalcemia-induced toxicity of neurons by inhibiting the expression of EZH2, which elevated the expression of CXCL1 in primary neurons by diminishing KLF2. Silencing OGT attenuated hypercalcemia-induced neurotoxicity by regulating the EZH2/KLF2/CXCL1 axis. In vivo experiments further confirmed that silencing OGT could reduce hypercalcemia-induced nerve injury in CKD mice. Taken together, silencing OGT downregulates EZH2, which increases the expression of KLF2 and then decreases the expression of CXCL1, thus alleviating hypercalcemia-induced nerve injury in renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Hospital of Daqing, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongming Sun
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Hospital of Daqing, Daqing, P. R. China.
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16
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Hosszu A, Kaucsar T, Seeliger E, Fekete A. Animal Models of Renal Pathophysiology and Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2216:27-44. [PMID: 33475992 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal diseases remain devastating illnesses with unacceptably high rates of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Animal models are essential tools to better understand the pathomechanisms of kidney-related illnesses and to develop new, successful therapeutic strategies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been actively explored in the last decades for assessing renal function, perfusion, tissue oxygenation as well as the degree of fibrosis and inflammation. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of animal models of acute and chronic kidney diseases, highlighting MRI-specific considerations, advantages, and pitfalls, and thus assisting the researcher in experiment planning.This publication is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hosszu
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kaucsar
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erdmann Seeliger
- Working Group Integrative Kidney Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Fekete
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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17
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Abstract
Complex multicellular life in mammals relies on functional cooperation of different organs for the survival of the whole organism. The kidneys play a critical part in this process through the maintenance of fluid volume and composition homeostasis, which enables other organs to fulfil their tasks. The renal endothelium exhibits phenotypic and molecular traits that distinguish it from endothelia of other organs. Moreover, the adult kidney vasculature comprises diverse populations of mostly quiescent, but not metabolically inactive, endothelial cells (ECs) that reside within the kidney glomeruli, cortex and medulla. Each of these populations supports specific functions, for example, in the filtration of blood plasma, the reabsorption and secretion of water and solutes, and the concentration of urine. Transcriptional profiling of these diverse EC populations suggests they have adapted to local microenvironmental conditions (hypoxia, shear stress, hyperosmolarity), enabling them to support kidney functions. Exposure of ECs to microenvironment-derived angiogenic factors affects their metabolism, and sustains kidney development and homeostasis, whereas EC-derived angiocrine factors preserve distinct microenvironment niches. In the context of kidney disease, renal ECs show alteration in their metabolism and phenotype in response to pathological changes in the local microenvironment, further promoting kidney dysfunction. Understanding the diversity and specialization of kidney ECs could provide new avenues for the treatment of kidney diseases and kidney regeneration.
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18
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Transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 5 positively regulates the expression of AarF domain containing kinase 4. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8419-8427. [PMID: 33033902 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AarF domain containing kinase 4 (ADCK4) is identified as a candidate gene associated with hereditary nephrotic syndrome (NS). Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is reported to promote podocyte survival by blocking the ERK/p38 MAPK pathways. Both ADCK4 and KLF5 are involved in the occurrence and development of podocyte disease, but their interaction remains unclear. Firstly, we found that the mRNA levels of ADCK4 and KLF5 decreased in NS patients, and both levels showed an obvious linear relationship. Secondly, we cloned the ADCK4 promoter region and examined its promoter activity in Hela, A549, and HEK 293 cell lines. Deletion analysis showed that the region - 116/- 4 relative to the transcriptional start site (TSS) was the core region of ADCK4 promoter. Thirdly, mutation analysis showed that putative binding sites for KLF5 contributed to the ADCK4 promoter activity. In HEK293 cells, we found that KLF5 upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of ADCK4. Finally, our chromatin immunoprecipitation assay found that KLF5 could bind to the specific region of ADCK4 promoter. These results showed that KLF5 can positively regulate the transcriptional activity of ADCK4.
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19
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Lin CL, Hsu YC, Huang YT, Shih YH, Wang CJ, Chiang WC, Chang PJ. A KDM6A-KLF10 reinforcing feedback mechanism aggravates diabetic podocyte dysfunction. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 11:emmm.201809828. [PMID: 30948420 PMCID: PMC6505577 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end‐stage renal disease. Although dysfunction of podocytes, also termed glomerular visceral epithelial cells, is critically associated with diabetic nephropathy, the mechanism underlying podocyte dysfunction still remains obscure. Here, we identify that KDM6A, a histone lysine demethylase, reinforces diabetic podocyte dysfunction by creating a positive feedback loop through up‐regulation of its downstream target KLF10. Overexpression of KLF10 in podocytes not only represses multiple podocyte‐specific markers including nephrin, but also conversely increases KDM6A expression. We further show that KLF10 inhibits nephrin expression by directly binding to the gene promoter together with the recruitment of methyltransferase Dnmt1. Importantly, inactivation or knockout of either KDM6A or KLF10 in mice significantly suppresses diabetes‐induced proteinuria and kidney injury. Consistent with the notion, we also show that levels of both KDM6A and KLF10 proteins or mRNAs are substantially elevated in kidney tissues or in urinary exosomes of human diabetic nephropathy patients as compared with control subjects. Our findings therefore suggest that targeting the KDM6A–KLF10 feedback loop may be beneficial to attenuate diabetes‐induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Lin
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chien Hsu
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsueh Shih
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jen Wang
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pey-Jium Chang
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan .,Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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20
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Chen S, Lv L, Liu B, Tang R. Crosstalk between tubular epithelial cells and glomerular endothelial cells in diabetic kidney disease. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12763. [PMID: 31925859 PMCID: PMC7106959 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, although the development of clinical therapy for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has made great progress, the progression of DKD still cannot be controlled. Therefore, further study of the pathogenesis of DKD and improvements in DKD treatment are crucial for prognosis. Traditional studies have shown that podocyte injury plays an important role in this process. Recently, it has been found that glomerulotubular balance and tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) may be involved in the progression of DKD. Glomerulotubular balance is the specific gravity absorption of the glomerular ultrafiltrate by the proximal tubules, which absorbs only 65% to 70% of the ultrafiltrate. This ensures that the urine volume will not change much regardless of whether the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increases or decreases. TGF is one of the significant mechanisms of renal blood flow and self-regulation of GFR, but how they participate in the development of DKD in the pathological state and the specific mechanism is not clear. Injury to tubular epithelial cells (TECs) is the key link in DKD. Additionally, injury to glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) plays a key role in the early occurrence and development of DKD. However, TECs and GECs are close to each other in anatomical position and can crosstalk with each other, which may affect the development of DKD. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the crosstalk between TECs and GECs in the pathogenesis of DKD and to highlight specific clinical and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si‐Jie Chen
- Institute of NephrologyZhongda HospitalNanjing Lishui People's HospitalNanjingChina
- Institute of NephrologyZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lin‐Li Lv
- Institute of NephrologyZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bi‐Cheng Liu
- Institute of NephrologyZhongda HospitalNanjing Lishui People's HospitalNanjingChina
- Institute of NephrologyZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ri‐Ning Tang
- Institute of NephrologyZhongda HospitalNanjing Lishui People's HospitalNanjingChina
- Institute of NephrologyZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
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21
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Rojas-Canales DM, Li JY, Makuei L, Gleadle JM. Compensatory renal hypertrophy following nephrectomy: When and how? Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 24:1225-1232. [PMID: 30809888 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Following surgical removal of one kidney, the other enlarges and increases its function. The mechanism for the sensing of this change and the growth is incompletely understood but begins within days and compensatory renal hypertrophy (CRH) is the dominant contributor to the growth. In many individuals undergoing nephrectomy for cancer or kidney donation this produces a substantial and helpful increase in renal function. Two main mechanisms have been proposed, one in which increased activity by the remaining kidney leads to hypertrophy, the second in which there is release of a kidney specific factor in response to a unilateral nephrectomy that initiates CRH. Whilst multiple growth factors and pathways such as the mTORC pathway have been implicated in experimental studies, their roles and the precise mechanism of CRH are not defined. Unrestrained hypoxia inducible factor activation in renal cancer promotes growth and may play an important role in driving CRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darling M Rojas-Canales
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jordan Y Li
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leek Makuei
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Gleadle
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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22
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Hong Q, Zhang L, Fu J, Verghese DA, Chauhan K, Nadkarni GN, Li Z, Ju W, Kretzler M, Cai GY, Chen XM, D'Agati VD, Coca SG, Schlondorff D, He JC, Lee K. LRG1 Promotes Diabetic Kidney Disease Progression by Enhancing TGF- β-Induced Angiogenesis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:546-562. [PMID: 30858225 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerular endothelial dysfunction and neoangiogenesis have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the specific molecular pathways contributing to these processes in the early stages of DKD are not well understood. Our recent transcriptomic profiling of glomerular endothelial cells identified a number of proangiogenic genes that were upregulated in diabetic mice, including leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1). LRG1 was previously shown to promote neovascularization in mouse models of ocular disease by potentiating endothelial TGF-β/activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) signaling. However, LRG1's role in the kidney, particularly in the setting of DKD, has been unclear. METHODS We analyzed expression of LRG1 mRNA in glomeruli of diabetic kidneys and assessed its localization by RNA in situ hybridization. We examined the effects of genetic ablation of Lrg1 on DKD progression in unilaterally nephrectomized, streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice at 12 and 20 weeks after diabetes induction. We also assessed whether plasma LRG1 was associated with renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS LRG1 localized predominantly to glomerular endothelial cells, and its expression was elevated in the diabetic kidneys. LRG1 ablation markedly attenuated diabetes-induced glomerular angiogenesis, podocyte loss, and the development of diabetic glomerulopathy. These improvements were associated with reduced ALK1-Smad1/5/8 activation in glomeruli of diabetic mice. Moreover, increased plasma LRG1 was associated with worse renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify LRG1 as a potential novel pathogenic mediator of diabetic glomerular neoangiogenesis and a risk factor in DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Divya A Verghese
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kinsuk Chauhan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Guang-Yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Steven G Coca
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Detlef Schlondorff
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John C He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; .,Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affair Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York;
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23
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Rane MJ, Zhao Y, Cai L. Krϋppel-like factors (KLFs) in renal physiology and disease. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:743-750. [PMID: 30662001 PMCID: PMC6414320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated Krϋppel-like factor (KLF) gene expression appears in many disease-associated pathologies. In this review, we discuss physiological functions of KLFs in the kidney with a focus on potential pharmacological modulation/therapeutic applications of these KLF proteins. KLF2 is critical to maintaining endothelial barrier integrity and preventing gap formations and in prevention of glomerular endothelial cell and podocyte damage in diabetic mice. KLF4 is renoprotective in the setting of AKI and is a critical regulator of proteinuria in mice and humans. KLF6 expression in podocytes preserves mitochondrial function and prevents podocyte apoptosis, while KLF5 expression prevents podocyte apoptosis by blockade of ERK/p38 MAPK pathways. KLF15 is a critical regulator of podocyte differentiation and is protective against podocyte injury. Loss of KLF4 and KLF15 promotes renal fibrosis, while fibrotic kidneys have increased KLF5 and KLF6 expression. For therapeutic modulation of KLFs, continued screening of small molecules will promote drug discoveries targeting KLF proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi J Rane
- Department of Medicine, Division Nephrology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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24
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Increased Risk of Complications After Pancreatoduodenectomy in Uninephrectomized Patients. Int Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-18-00022.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:
The study objective is to investigate the impact of unilateral nephrectomy on the complications after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).
Summary of background data:
Preoperative renal insufficiency is a risk factor for postoperative complications and mortality after various types of surgery. However, the specific postoperative risks in uninephrectomized (UN) patients are largely unknown.
Methods:
Between January 2010 and June 2014, a total of 177 patients underwent PD at the Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University. Among them, 7 patients (4.0%) were UN. We retrospectively evaluated the influence of the UN status on the postoperative complications.
Results:
The rate of acute kidney injury in the UN group was significantly higher than that in the control group (28.6% versus 1.2%; P = 0.017). In addition, the rates of surgical site infection of the organ/space (57.1% versus 9.0%; P = 0.006) and sepsis (42.9% versus 3.5%; P = 0.003) in UN group were significantly higher. Even on a reanalysis of only patients with soft pancreas, the significance remained.
Conclusions:
The UN status has a significant impact on the rate of morbidities, such as acute kidney injury and various infectious complications, including surgical site infections of organ/space, sepsis, and cholangitis after PD. Appropriate intervention should be implemented to decrease the morbidity rate for UN patients.
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25
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of kidney fibrosis. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:16-36. [PMID: 29909119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final pathological process common to any ongoing, chronic kidney injury or maladaptive repair. It is considered as the underlying pathological process of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which affects more than 10% of world population and for which treatment options are limited. Renal fibrosis is defined by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which disrupts and replaces the functional parenchyma that leads to organ failure. Kidney's histological structure can be divided into three main compartments, all of which can be affected by fibrosis, specifically termed glomerulosclerosis in glomeruli, interstitial fibrosis in tubulointerstitium and arteriosclerosis and perivascular fibrosis in vasculature. In this review, we summarized the different appearance, cellular origin and major emerging processes and mediators of fibrosis in each compartment. We also depicted and discussed the challenges in translation of anti-fibrotic treatment to clinical practice and discuss possible solutions and future directions.
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are worldwide public health problems affecting millions of people and have rapidly increased in prevalence in recent years. Due to the multiple causes of renal failure, many animal models have been developed to advance our understanding of human nephropathy. Among these experimental models, rodents have been extensively used to enable mechanistic understanding of kidney disease induction and progression, as well as to identify potential targets for therapy. In this review, we discuss AKI models induced by surgical operation and drugs or toxins, as well as a variety of CKD models (mainly genetically modified mouse models). Results from recent and ongoing clinical trials and conceptual advances derived from animal models are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Wu Bao
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China
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27
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Bialkowska AB, Yang VW, Mallipattu SK. Krüppel-like factors in mammalian stem cells and development. Development 2017; 144:737-754. [PMID: 28246209 DOI: 10.1242/dev.145441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of zinc-finger transcription factors that are found in many species. Recent studies have shown that KLFs play a fundamental role in regulating diverse biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, development and regeneration. Of note, several KLFs are also crucial for maintaining pluripotency and, hence, have been linked to reprogramming and regenerative medicine approaches. Here, we review the crucial functions of KLFs in mammalian embryogenesis, stem cell biology and regeneration, as revealed by studies of animal models. We also highlight how KLFs have been implicated in human diseases and outline potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8176, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8176, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8176, USA
| | - Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8176, USA
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28
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Jiang W, Xu X, Deng S, Luo J, Xu H, Wang C, Sun T, Lei G, Zhang F, Yang C, Zhou L, Wang F, Chen M. Methylation of kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) associates with its expression and non-small cell lung cancer progression. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2024-2037. [PMID: 28469808 PMCID: PMC5411951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a putative tumor suppressor gene. This study investigated its role and epigenetic mechanisms in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in ex vivo and in vitro. A total of 47 paired NSCLC and normal tissues and six cell lines were analyzed using qRT-PCR for KLF2 expression. KLF2 methylation was assessed using the methylation specific PCR (MSP) or bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). Functional KLF2 region 4 (+567 to +906) was confirmed using the dual-luciferase reporter assay, while CCK-8 cell viability and flow cytometric assays were used to assess changes in cell viability, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis after knockdown or re-expression of KLF2. Western blot was performed to analyze the effects of KLF2 shRNA on knockdown of KLF2 expression and p15 and p21 expression in cells. We found that KLF2 expression was significantly reduced in NSCLC cells and tissues via KLF2 methylation. Reduction of KLF2 expression was associated with KLF2 region 4 hypermethylation in 27 of 47 (57.45%) NSCLC tissues. Furthermore, methylation at KLF2 region 4 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage. Re-expression of KLF2 suppressed NSCLC cell viability, arrested cells at G0/G1 cell cycle by induction of p15 and p21 expression, and promoted apoptosis, whereas knockdown of KLF2 expression had the opposite effects on cells. Taken together, KLF2 possesses tumor suppressor functions in NSCLC and detection of KLF2 methylation should be further evaluated as a tumor or prognostic biomarker for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Molecular Biology Center, The State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042, China
| | - Shaoli Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042, China
| | - Guoqin Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042, China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042, China
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29
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Mallipattu SK, Estrada CC, He JC. The critical role of Krüppel-like factors in kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F259-F265. [PMID: 27852611 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00550.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of zinc-finger transcription factors critical to mammalian embryonic development, regeneration, and human disease. There is emerging evidence that KLFs play a vital role in key physiological processes in the kidney, ranging from maintenance of glomerular filtration barrier to tubulointerstitial inflammation to progression of kidney fibrosis. Seventeen members of the KLF family have been identified, and several have been well characterized in the kidney. Although they may share some overlap in their downstream targets, their structure and function remain distinct. This review highlights our current knowledge of KLFs in the kidney, which includes their pattern of expression and their function in regulating key biological processes. We will also critically examine the currently available literature on KLFs in the kidney and offer some key areas in need of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, New York, New York;
| | - Chelsea C Estrada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - John C He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and.,Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York
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