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Wang X, Peng J, Cai P, Xia Y, Yi C, Shang A, Akanyibah FA, Mao F. The emerging role of the gut microbiota and its application in inflammatory bowel disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117302. [PMID: 39163678 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a complex disorder with an unknown cause. However, the dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been found to play a role in IBD etiology, including exacerbated immune responses and defective intestinal barrier integrity. The gut microbiome can also be a potential biomarker for several diseases, including IBD. Currently, conventional treatments targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathways in IBD-associated dysbiosis do not yield effective results. Other therapies that directly target the dysbiotic microbiome for effective outcomes are emerging. We review the role of the gut microbiome in health and IBD and its potential as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic target for IBD. This review also explores emerging therapeutic advancements that target gut microbiome-associated alterations in IBD, such as nanoparticle or encapsulation delivery, fecal microbiota transplantation, nutritional therapies, microbiome/probiotic engineering, phage therapy, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), gut proteins, and herbal formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College, Jiangsu University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222006, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212300, China
| | - Peipei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yuxuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Chengxue Yi
- School of Medical Technology, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang 212028, China
| | - Anquan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College, Jiangsu University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222006, China
| | - Francis Atim Akanyibah
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College, Jiangsu University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222006, China.
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2
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Lim L, Hu MH, Fan D, Tu HF, Tsai YC, Cheng M, Wang S, Chang CL, Wu TC, Hung CF. STAT1-Deficient HPV E6/E7-Associated Cancers Maintain Host Immunocompetency against Therapeutic Intervention. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:430. [PMID: 38675812 PMCID: PMC11053987 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains a global health concern because it contributes to the initiation of various HPV-associated cancers such as anal, cervical, oropharyngeal, penile, vaginal, and vulvar cancer. In HPV-associated cancers, oncogenesis begins with an HPV infection, which is linked to the activation of the Janus protein tyrosine kinase (JAK)/STAT signaling pathway. Various STAT signaling pathways, such as STAT3 activation, have been well documented for their tumorigenic role, yet the role of STAT1 in tumor formation remains unclear. In the current study, STAT1-/- mice were used to investigate the role of STAT1 in the tumorigenesis of a spontaneous HPV E6/E7-expressing oral tumor model. Subsequently, our candidate HPV DNA vaccine CRT/E7 was administered to determine whether the STAT1-/- host preserves a therapeutic-responsive tumor microenvironment. The results indicated that STAT1-/- induces robust tumorigenesis, yet a controlled tumor response was attained upon CRT/E7 vaccination. Characterizing this treatment effect, immunological analysis found a higher percentage of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. In addition, a reduction in exhaustive lymphocyte activity was observed. Further analysis of a whole-cell tumor challenge affirmed these findings, as spontaneous tumor growth was more rapid in STAT1-/- mice. In conclusion, STAT1 deletion accelerates tumorigenesis, but STAT1-/- mice maintains immunocompetency in CRT/E7 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lim
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Hung Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Darrell Fan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Hsin-Fang Tu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Ya-Chea Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Michelle Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Suyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Chih-Long Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan;
| | - Tzyy-Choou Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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3
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Cázares-Olivera M, Miroszewska D, Hu L, Kowalski J, Jaakkola UM, Salminen S, Li B, Yatkin E, Chen Z. Animal unit hygienic conditions influence mouse intestinal microbiota and contribute to T-cell-mediated colitis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1752-1763. [PMID: 35946176 PMCID: PMC9638955 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with worldwide increasing incidence. Recent studies indicate that certain species of intestinal bacteria are strongly associated with IBD. Helper T lymphocytes are not only the key players in mediating host defense against a wide variety of pathogens but also contribute to pathogenesis of many immune-related diseases. Here, using the T cell transfer model of colitis, we observed that the mice maintained in a specific-pathogen free (SPF) unit after receiving naïve CD4+ T cells developed mild disease. The same mice developed different degrees of disease when they were maintained in a conventional animal facility (non-SPF), where some pathogens were detected during routine health monitoring. Consistently, increased circulating inflammatory cytokines as well as Th1 and Th17 cells were detected in mice housed in non-SPF units. 16S rRNA sequencing of feces samples enabled us to identify changes in the microbiota composition of mice kept in different facilities. Our data indicate that environmental factors influence gut microbiota composition of mice, leading to development of colitis in a T-cell-dependent manner. In conclusion, changes in environmental conditions and microbial status of experimental animals appear to contribute to progression of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominika Miroszewska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lili Hu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jacek Kowalski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ulla-Marjut Jaakkola
- Central Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku (UTUCAL), 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200085, China
| | - Emrah Yatkin
- Central Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku (UTUCAL), 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Zhi Chen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland,Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland,Zhi Chen.
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4
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Restriction of viral replication, rather than T cell immunopathology, drives lethality in MNV CR6-infected STAT1-deficient mice. J Virol 2022; 96:e0206521. [PMID: 35107369 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02065-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that viral components of the microbiota can contribute to intestinal homeostasis and protection from local inflammatory or infectious insults. However, host-derived mechanisms that regulate the virome remain largely unknown. Here, we use colonization with the model commensal murine norovirus (MNV CR6) to interrogate host-directed mechanisms of viral regulation, and show that STAT1 is a central coordinator of both viral replication and antiviral T cell responses. In addition to restricting CR6 replication to the intestinal tract, we show that STAT1 regulates antiviral CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, and prevents systemic viral-induced tissue damage and disease. Despite altered T cell responses that resemble those that mediate lethal immunopathology in systemic viral infections in STAT1-deficient mice, depletion of adaptive immune cells and their associated effector functions had no effect on CR6-induced disease. However, therapeutic administration of an antiviral compound limited viral replication, preventing viral-induced tissue damage and death without impacting the generation of inflammatory antiviral T cell responses. Collectively, our data show that STAT1 restricts MNV CR6 replication within the intestinal mucosa, and that uncontrolled viral replication mediates disease rather than the concomitant development of dysregulated antiviral T cell responses in STAT1-deficient mice. Importance The intestinal microbiota is a collection of bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses that colonize the mammalian gut. Co-evolution of the host and microbiota has required development of immunological tolerance to prevent ongoing inflammatory responses against intestinal microbes. Breakdown of tolerance to bacterial components of the microbiota can contribute to immune activation and inflammatory disease. However, the mechanisms that are necessary to maintain tolerance to viral components of the microbiome, and the consequences of loss of tolerance, are less well understood. Here, we show that STAT1 is integral for preventing escape of a commensal-like virus, murine norovirus CR6 (MNV CR6) from the gut, and that in the absence of STAT1, mice succumb to infection-induced disease. In contrast to other systemic viral infections, mortality of STAT1-deficient mice is not driven by immune-mediated pathology. Our data demonstrates the importance of host-mediated geographical restriction of commensal-like viruses.
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5
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Eldridge DE, Hsu CC. Antibody Production Remains Intact Despite Loss of Bone Marrow B cells in Murine Norovirus Infected Stat1-/- Mice. Comp Med 2021; 71:502-511. [PMID: 34794531 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-21-000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Murine norovirus (MNV), which can be used as a model system to study human noroviruses, can infect macrophages/monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic, intestinal epithelial, T and B cells, and is highly prevalent in laboratory mice. We previouslyshowed that MNV infection significantly reduces bone marrow B cell populations in a Stat1-dependent manner. We show here that while MNV-infected Stat1-/- mice have significant losses of bone marrow B cells, splenic B cells capable of mounting an antibody response to novel antigens retain the ability to expand. We also investigated whether increased granulopoiesis after MNV infection was causing B cell loss. We found that administration of anti-G-CSF antibody inhibits the pronounced bone marrow granulopoiesis induced by MNV infection of Stat1-/- mice, but this inhibition did not rescue bone marrow B cell losses. Therefore, MNV-infected Stat1-/- mice can still mount a robust humoral immune response despite decreased bone marrow B cells. This suggests that further investigation will be needed to identify other indirect factors or mechanisms that are responsible for the bone marrow B cell losses seen after MNV infection. In addition, this work contributes to our understanding of the potential physiologic effects of Stat1-related disruptions in research mouse colonies that may be endemically infected with MNV.
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6
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Meyts I, Casanova JL. Viral infections in humans and mice with genetic deficiencies of the type I IFN response pathway. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1039-1061. [PMID: 33729549 PMCID: PMC8900014 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type I IFNs are so-named because they interfere with viral infection in vertebrate cells. The study of cellular responses to type I IFNs led to the discovery of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which also governs the response to other cytokine families. We review here the outcome of viral infections in mice and humans with engineered and inborn deficiencies, respectively, of (i) IFNAR1 or IFNAR2, selectively disrupting responses to type I IFNs, (ii) STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9, also impairing cellular responses to type II (for STAT1) and/or III (for STAT1, STAT2, IRF9) IFNs, and (iii) JAK1 and TYK2, also impairing cellular responses to cytokines other than IFNs. A picture is emerging of greater redundancy of human type I IFNs for protective immunity to viruses in natural conditions than was initially anticipated. Mouse type I IFNs are essential for protection against a broad range of viruses in experimental conditions. These findings suggest that various type I IFN-independent mechanisms of human cell-intrinsic immunity to viruses have yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Meyts
- Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, EU
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, EU
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France, EU
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France, EU
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Souffriau J, Timmermans S, Vanderhaeghen T, Wallaeys C, Van Looveren K, Aelbrecht L, Dewaele S, Vandewalle J, Goossens E, Verbanck S, Boyen F, Eggermont M, De Commer L, De Rycke R, De Bruyne M, Tito R, Ballegeer M, Vandevyver S, Velho T, Moita LF, Hochepied T, De Bosscher K, Raes J, Van Immerseel F, Beyaert R, Libert C. Zinc inhibits lethal inflammatory shock by preventing microbe-induced interferon signature in intestinal epithelium. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11917. [PMID: 32914580 PMCID: PMC7539219 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine TNF drives inflammatory diseases, e.g., Crohn's disease. In a mouse model of TNF-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), severe impact on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is observed. Zinc confers complete protection in this model. We found that zinc no longer protects in animals which lack glucocorticoids (GCs), or express mutant versions of their receptor GR in IECs, nor in mice which lack gut microbiota. RNA-seq studies in IECs showed that zinc caused reduction in expression of constitutive (STAT1-induced) interferon-stimulated response (ISRE) genes and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) genes. Since some of these genes are involved in TNF-induced cell death in intestinal crypt Paneth cells, and since zinc has direct effects on the composition of the gut microbiota (such as several Staphylococcus species) and on TNF-induced Paneth cell death, we postulate a new zinc-related anti-inflammatory mechanism. Zinc modulates the gut microbiota, causing less induction of ISRE/IRF genes in crypt cells, less TNF-induced necroptosis in Paneth cells, and less fatal evasion of gut bacteria into the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Souffriau
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Timmermans
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tineke Vanderhaeghen
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Wallaeys
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kelly Van Looveren
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsy Aelbrecht
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylviane Dewaele
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vandewalle
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evy Goossens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Serge Verbanck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Melanie Eggermont
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsey De Commer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology and Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research and BioImaging Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel De Bruyne
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology and Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research and BioImaging Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raul Tito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlies Ballegeer
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vandevyver
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tiago Velho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Tino Hochepied
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Roth AN, Helm EW, Mirabelli C, Kirsche E, Smith JC, Eurell LB, Ghosh S, Altan-Bonnet N, Wobus CE, Karst SM. Norovirus infection causes acute self-resolving diarrhea in wild-type neonatal mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2968. [PMID: 32528015 PMCID: PMC7289885 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses are the leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea worldwide, yet we know little about their pathogenic mechanisms. Murine noroviruses cause diarrhea in interferon-deficient adult mice but these hosts also develop systemic pathology and lethality, reducing confidence in the translatability of findings to human norovirus disease. Herein we report that a murine norovirus causes self-resolving diarrhea in the absence of systemic disease in wild-type neonatal mice, thus mirroring the key features of human norovirus disease and representing a norovirus small animal disease model in wild-type mice. Intriguingly, lymphocytes are critical for controlling acute norovirus replication while simultaneously contributing to disease severity, likely reflecting their dual role as targets of viral infection and key components of the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa N Roth
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily W Helm
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carmen Mirabelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin Kirsche
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan C Smith
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laura B Eurell
- Office of Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sourish Ghosh
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nihal Altan-Bonnet
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christiane E Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie M Karst
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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9
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Seo GY, Giles DA, Kronenberg M. The role of innate lymphoid cells in response to microbes at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:399-412. [PMID: 32047273 PMCID: PMC7186215 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a lymphocyte population that is mostly resident at mucosal surfaces. They help to induce an appropriate immune response to the microbiome at homeostasis. In healthy people, the mucosal immune system works symbiotically with organisms that make up the microbiota. ILCs play a critical role in orchestrating this balance, as they can both influence and in turn be influenced by the microbiome. ILCs also are important regulators of the early response to infections by diverse types of pathogenic microbes at mucosal barriers. Their rapid responses initiate inflammatory programs, production of antimicrobial products and repair processes. This review will focus on the role of ILCs in response to the microbiota and to microbial infections of the lung and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goo-Young Seo
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel A Giles
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA,Division of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Correspondence:
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10
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Becker F, Romero E, Goetzmann J, Hasselschwert DL, Dray B, Vanchiere J, Fontenot J, Yun JW, Norris PC, White L, Musso M, Serhan CN, Alexander JS, Gavins FNE. Endogenous Specialized Proresolving Mediator Profiles in a Novel Experimental Model of Lymphatic Obstruction and Intestinal Inflammation in African Green Monkeys. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 189:1953-1972. [PMID: 31547920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the intestinal lymphatic vascular system, such as lymphatic obstruction, are characteristic features of inflammatory bowel diseases. The lymphatic vasculature forms a conduit to enable resolution of inflammation; this process is driven by specialized endogenous proresolving mediators (SPMs). To evaluate contributions of lymphatic obstruction to intestinal inflammation and to study profiles of SPMs, we generated a novel animal model of lymphatic obstruction using African green monkeys. Follow-up studies were performed at 7, 21, and 61 days. Inflammation was determined by histology. Luminex assays were performed to evaluate chemokine and cytokine levels. In addition, lipid mediator metabololipidomic profiling was performed to identify SPMs. After 7 days, lymphatic obstruction resulted in a localized inflammatory state, paralleled by an increase in inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, which were found to be up-regulated after 7 days but returned to baseline after 21 and 61 days. At the same time, a distinct pattern of SPMs was profiled, with an increase for D-series resolvins, protectins, maresins, and lipoxins at 61 days. These results indicate that intestinal lymphatic obstruction can lead to an acute inflammatory state, accompanied by an increase in proinflammatory mediators, followed by a phase of resolution, paralleled by an increase and decrease of respective SPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Becker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Emily Romero
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, Louisiana
| | - Jason Goetzmann
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, Louisiana
| | - Dana L Hasselschwert
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, Louisiana
| | - Beth Dray
- Department of Veterinary Science and Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas
| | - John Vanchiere
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Jane Fontenot
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, Louisiana
| | - J Winny Yun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Paul C Norris
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luke White
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Melany Musso
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, Louisiana
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Steven Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Felicity N E Gavins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.
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11
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Neil JA, Matsuzawa-Ishimoto Y, Kernbauer-Hölzl E, Schuster SL, Sota S, Venzon M, Dallari S, Galvao Neto A, Hine A, Hudesman D, Loke P, Nice TJ, Cadwell K. IFN-I and IL-22 mediate protective effects of intestinal viral infection. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1737-1749. [PMID: 31182797 PMCID: PMC6871771 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Products derived from bacterial members of the gut microbiota evoke immune signalling pathways of the host that promote immunity and barrier function in the intestine. How immune reactions to enteric viruses support intestinal homeostasis is unknown. We recently demonstrated that infection by murine norovirus (MNV) reverses intestinal abnormalities following depletion of bacteria, indicating that an intestinal animal virus can provide cues to the host that are typically attributed to the microbiota. Here, we elucidate mechanisms by which MNV evokes protective responses from the host. We identify an important role for the viral protein NS1/2 in establishing local replication and a type I interferon (IFN-I) response in the colon. We further show that IFN-I acts on intestinal epithelial cells to increase the proportion of CCR2-dependent macrophages and interleukin (IL)-22-producing innate lymphoid cells, which in turn promote pSTAT3 signalling in intestinal epithelial cells and protection from intestinal injury. In addition, we demonstrate that MNV provides a striking IL-22-dependent protection against early-life lethal infection by Citrobacter rodentium. These findings demonstrate novel ways in which a viral member of the microbiota fortifies the intestinal barrier during chemical injury and infectious challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Neil
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomedical Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Matsuzawa-Ishimoto
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomedical Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisabeth Kernbauer-Hölzl
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomedical Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha L Schuster
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomedical Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stela Sota
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomedical Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mericien Venzon
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomedical Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simone Dallari
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomedical Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Galvao Neto
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Hine
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Hudesman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P'ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy J Nice
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomedical Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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