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Mishra M, Barkat MA, Misra C, Alanezi AA, Ali A, Chaurawal N, Ali A, Preet S, Barkat H, Raza K. Lipid-based microemulsion gel for the topical delivery of methotrexate: an optimized, rheologically acceptable formulation with conducive dermatokinetics. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:316. [PMID: 38822884 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we have formulated a methotrexate (MTX)-loaded microemulsion topical gel employing quality-by-design optimization. The optimized lipid-based microemulsion was incorporated into a 2% carbopol gel. The prepared formulation was characterized for micromeritics, surface charge, surface morphology, conductivity studies, rheology studies, texture analysis/spreadability, drug entrapment, and drug loading studies. The formulation was further evaluated for drug release and release kinetics, cytotoxicity assays, drug permeation and drug retention studies, and dermatokinetics. The developed nanosystem was not only rheologically acceptable but also offered substantial drug entrapment and loading. From drug release studies, it was observed that the nanogel showed higher drug release at pH 5.0 compared to plain MTX, plain gel, and plain microemulsion. The developed system with improved dermatokinetics, nanometric size, higher drug loading, and enhanced efficacy towards A314 squamous epithelial cells offers a huge promise in the topical delivery of methotrexate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Distt., Ajmer, 305 817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Al Jamiah, 39524, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Charu Misra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Distt., Ajmer, 305 817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abdulkareem Ali Alanezi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Al Jamiah, 39524, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amena Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nishtha Chaurawal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Distt., Ajmer, 305 817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simran Preet
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Basic Medical Sciences Block-2, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Harshita Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Al Jamiah, 39524, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaisar Raza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Distt., Ajmer, 305 817, Rajasthan, India
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Kim S, Day CM, Song Y, Holmes A, Garg S. Innovative Topical Patches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Current Challenges and Key Formulation Considerations. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2577. [PMID: 38004557 PMCID: PMC10674480 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, with approximately 6.3 million new cases worldwide in 2019. One of the key management strategies for NMSC is a topical treatment usually utilised for localised and early-stage disease owing to its non-invasive nature. However, the efficacy of topical agents is often hindered by poor drug penetration and patient adherence. Therefore, various research groups have employed advanced drug delivery systems, including topical patches to overcome the problem of conventional topical treatments. This review begins with an overview of NMSC as well as the current landscape of topical treatments for NMSC, specifically focusing on the emerging technology of topical patches. A detailed discussion of their potential to overcome the limitations of existing therapies will then follow. Most importantly, to the best of our knowledge, this work unprecedentedly combines and discusses all the current advancements in innovative topical patches for the treatment of NMSC. In addition to this, the authors present our insights into the key considerations and emerging trends in the construction of these advanced topical patches. This review is meant for researchers and clinicians to consider utilising advanced topical patch systems in research and clinical trials toward localised interventions of NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.K.); (C.M.D.); (Y.S.); (A.H.)
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Garrós N, Bustos-Salgados P, Domènech Ò, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Beirampour N, Mohammadi-Meyabadi R, Mallandrich M, Calpena AC, Colom H. Baricitinib Lipid-Based Nanosystems as a Topical Alternative for Atopic Dermatitis Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:894. [PMID: 37375841 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory skin disorder which causes a significant clinical problem due to its prevalence. The ongoing treatment for AD is aimed at improving the patient's quality of life. Additionally, glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants are being used in systemic therapy. Baricitinib (BNB) is a reversible Janus-associated kinase (JAK)-inhibitor; JAK is an important kinase involved in different immune responses. We aimed at developing and evaluating new topical liposomal formulations loaded with BNB for the treatment of flare ups. Three liposomal formulations were elaborated using POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine), CHOL (Cholesterol) and CER (Ceramide) in different proportions: (i) POPC, (ii) POPC:CHOL (8:2, mol/mol) and (iii) POPC:CHOL:CER (3.6:2.4:4.0 mol/mol/mol). They were physiochemically characterized over time. In addition, an in vitro release study, ex vivo permeation and retention studies in altered human skin (AHS) were also performed. Histological analysis was used to study the tolerance of the formulations on the skin. Lastly, the HET-CAM test was also performed to evaluate the irritancy capacity of the formulations, and the modified Draize test was performed to evaluate the erythema and edema capacity of the formulations on the altered skin. All liposomes showed good physicochemical properties and were stable for at least one month. POPC:CHOL:CER had the highest flux and permeation, and the retention in the skin was equal to that of POPC:CHOL. The formulations exhibited no harmful or irritating effects, and the histological examination revealed no changes in structure. The three liposomes have shown promising results for the aim of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Garrós
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 645 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Bustos-Salgados
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Òscar Domènech
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 645 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Negar Beirampour
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roya Mohammadi-Meyabadi
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 645 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 645 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana C Calpena
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 645 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Colom
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Pérez-González N, Espinoza LC, Rincón M, Sosa L, Mallandrich M, Suñer-Carbó J, Bozal-de Febrer N, Calpena AC, Clares-Naveros B. Gel Formulations with an Echinocandin for Cutaneous Candidiasis: The Influence of Azone and Transcutol on Biopharmaceutical Features. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040308. [PMID: 37102920 PMCID: PMC10138157 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspofungin is a drug that is used for fungal infections that are difficult to treat, including invasive aspergillosis and candidemia, as well as other forms of invasive candidiasis. The aim of this study was to incorporate Azone in a caspofungin gel (CPF-AZ-gel) and compare it with a promoter-free caspofungin gel (CPF-gel). An in vitro release study using a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and ex vivo permeation into human skin was adopted. The tolerability properties were confirmed by histological analysis, and an evaluation of the biomechanical properties of the skin was undertaken. Antimicrobial efficacy was determined against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis. CPF-AZ-gel and CPF-gel, which had a homogeneous appearance, pseudoplastic behavior, and high spreadability, were obtained. The biopharmaceutical studies confirmed that caspofungin was released following a one-phase exponential association model and the CPF-AZ gel showed a higher release. The CPF-AZ gel showed higher retention of caspofungin in the skin while limiting the diffusion of the drug to the receptor fluid. Both formulations were well-tolerated in the histological sections, as well as after their topical application in the skin. These formulations inhibited the growth of C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis, while C. albicans showed resistance. In summary, dermal treatment with caspofungin could be used as a promising therapy for cutaneous candidiasis in patients that are refractory or intolerant to conventional antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Pérez-González
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - María Rincón
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C. Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lilian Sosa
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Suñer-Carbó
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Bozal-de Febrer
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Clares-Naveros
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
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Balouch M, Storchmannová K, Štěpánek F, Berka K. Computational Prodrug Design Methodology for Liposome Formulability Enhancement of Small-Molecule APIs. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2119-2127. [PMID: 36939094 PMCID: PMC10074381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation into liposomes is a formulation strategy that can improve efficacy and reduce side effects of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that exhibit poor biodistribution or pharmacokinetics when administered alone. However, many APIs are unsuitable for liposomal formulations intended for parenteral administration due to their inherent physicochemical properties─lipid bilayer permeability and water-lipid equilibrium partitioning coefficient. Too high permeability results in premature leakage from liposomes, while too low permeability means the API is not able to pass across biological barriers. There are several options for solving this issue: (i) change of the lipid bilayer composition, (ii) addition of a permeability enhancer, or (iii) modification of the chemical structure of the API to design a prodrug. The latter approach was taken in the present work, and the effect of small changes in the molecular structure of the API on its permeation rate across a lipidic bilayer was systematically explored utilizing computer simulations. An in silico methodology for prodrug design based on the COSMOperm approach has been proposed and applied to four APIs (abiraterone, cytarabine, 5-fluorouracil, and paliperidone). It is shown that the addition of aliphatic hydrocarbon chains via ester or amide bonds can render the molecule more lipophilic and increase its permeability by approximately 1 order of magnitude for each 2 carbon atoms added, while the formation of fructose adducts can provide a more hydrophilic character to the molecule and reduce its lipid partitioning. While partitioning was found to depend only on the size and type of the added group, permeability was found to depend also on the added group location. Overall, it has been shown that both permeability and lipid partitioning coefficient can be systematically shifted into the desired liposome formulability window by appropriate group contributions to the parental drug. This can significantly increase the portfolio of APIs for which liposome or lipid nanoparticle formulations become feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Balouch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Storchmannová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - František Štěpánek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Berka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Nair VV, Cabrera P, Ramírez-Lecaros C, Jara MO, Brayden DJ, Morales JO. Buccal delivery of small molecules and biologics: Of mucoadhesive polymers, films, and nanoparticles - An update. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122789. [PMID: 36868332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Buccal delivery of small and large molecules is an attractive route of administration that has been studied extensively over the past few decades. This route bypasses first-pass metabolism and can be used to deliver therapeutics directly to systemic circulation. Moreover, buccal films are efficient dosage forms for drug delivery due to their simplicity, portability, and patient comfort. Films have traditionally been formulated using conventional techniques, including hot-melt extrusion and solvent casting. However, newer methods are now being exploited to improve the delivery of small molecules and biologics. This review discusses recent advances in buccal film manufacturing, using the latest technologies, such as 2D and 3D printing, electrospraying, and electrospinning. This review also focuses on the excipients used in the preparation of these films, with emphasis on mucoadhesive polymers and plasticizers. Along with advances in manufacturing technology, newer analytical tools have also been used for the assessment of permeation of the active agents across the buccal mucosa, the most critical biological barrier and limiting factor of this route. Additionally, preclinical and clinical trial challenges are discussed, and some small molecule products already on the market are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha V Nair
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Pablo Cabrera
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile; Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | | | - Miguel O Jara
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - David J Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Javier O Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile; Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Santiago 8380492, Chile; Drug Delivery Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile.
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Kopečná M, Macháček M, Roh J, Vávrová K. Proline, hydroxyproline, and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid derivatives as highly efficient but reversible transdermal permeation enhancers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19495. [PMID: 36376455 PMCID: PMC9663686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcoming the skin barrier properties efficiently, temporarily, and safely for successful transdermal drug delivery remains a challenge. We synthesized three series of potential skin permeation enhancers derived from natural amino acid derivatives proline, 4-hydroxyproline, and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, which is a component of natural moisturizing factor. Permeation studies using in vitro human skin identified dodecyl prolinates with N-acetyl, propionyl, and butyryl chains (Pro2, Pro3, and Pro4, respectively) as potent enhancers for model drugs theophylline and diclofenac. The proline derivatives were generally more active than 4-hydroxyprolines and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid derivatives. Pro2-4 had acceptable in vitro toxicities on 3T3 fibroblast and HaCaT cell lines with IC50 values in tens of µM. Infrared spectroscopy using the human stratum corneum revealed that these enhancers preferentially interacted with the skin barrier lipids and decreased the overall chain order without causing lipid extraction, while their effects on the stratum corneum protein structures were negligible. The impacts of Pro3 and Pro4 on an in vitro transepidermal water loss and skin electrical impedance were fully reversible. Thus, proline derivatives Pro3 and Pro4 have an advantageous combination of high enhancing potency, low cellular toxicity, and reversible action, which is important for their potential in vivo use as the skin barrier would quickly recover after the drug/enhancer administration is terminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kopečná
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XSkin Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Macháček
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XSkin Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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8
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Riaz M, Akhlaq M, Naz S, Uroos M. An overview of biomedical applications of choline geranate (CAGE): a major breakthrough in drug delivery. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25977-25991. [PMID: 36199602 PMCID: PMC9468656 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03882j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies are on the way to advancing the field of biomedical sciences using ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in view of their unique properties and inherent tunability. These significant solvents tend to enhance the physical properties of the drug, increase their bioavailability and promote the delivery of recalcitrant drugs to the body. One such widely investigated tempting multipurpose IL/DES system is choline geranate (CAGE), which has gained significant interest due to its biocompatible and highly potent antiseptic behavior, which also facilitates its sanitizing ability to combat the coronavirus. This review focuses on total advancements in biomedical applications of CAGE. This biocompatible IL/DES has made facile the solubilization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs and delivery of intractable drugs through physiological barriers by stabilizing proteins and nucleic acids. Therefore, it has been used as a transdermal, subcutaneous, and oral delivery carrier and as an antimicrobial agent to treat infectious diseases and wounds as approved by laboratory and clinical translations. Moreover, current challenges and future outlooks are also highlighted to explore them more purposefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubeshar Riaz
- Centre for Research in Ionic Liquids, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab 54590 Lahore Pakistan
| | - Maida Akhlaq
- Centre for Research in Ionic Liquids, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab 54590 Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sadia Naz
- Centre for Research in Ionic Liquids, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab 54590 Lahore Pakistan
| | - Maliha Uroos
- Centre for Research in Ionic Liquids, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab 54590 Lahore Pakistan
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Kakadia PG, Conway BR. Design and development of essential oil based nanoemulsion for topical application of triclosan for effective skin antisepsis. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:554-564. [PMID: 35666086 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2087085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The skin acts as physical barrier to protect the body from external physical and chemical environment. When skin is infected, the outer epidermal barrier is compromised and colonized with microbial growth. Wound infection presents an immense burden in healthcare costs and decreased quality of life for patients. Topical application of nanoemulsions (NE) at pathological sites offers the potential advantage of direct drug delivery to the skin including potential for follicular targeting. This may have application in the improvement of skin antisepsis. In this study, NEs of triclosan (TSN) were prepared using hot high shear homogenization followed by ultrasonication. The oil phases comprised eucalyptus oil (EO) and olive oil (OO) and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams used to select optimum concentrations of surfactant. EO-based NEs had smaller droplet size and higher entrapment efficiency compared to OO-based NEs. Skin permeation was higher for EO-containing formulations, likely due to higher solubility of TSN in EO, smaller droplet size, low viscosity, and permeation enhancement effects of EO. Significantly, TSN was retained within the skin, demonstrating the potential of NEs for targeting hair follicular delivery within the skin, which may help improve the success of topical antisepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha G Kakadia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Barbara R Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.,Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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10
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Kumari SD, Chevala NT, Jitta SR, Kumar L, Verma R, Jose J. Design and Development of Naringin Loaded Proposomal Gel for Wound Healing. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:5187-5202. [PMID: 35486446 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The injuries or wounds caused by various means will impact human lives severely. An increase in the demand for wounds or burns was observed. For better wound healing and to combat the free radical effect on the healing process, wounds must be treated with multifunctional or multipurpose dressing or gel or any other type of biomaterial. OBJECTIVES The study aims to develop, optimize, and evaluate the naringin-loaded proposomal gel (PPG) for quick wound healing. METHODS The central composite design was employed for the optimization of proposomes. Naringin-loaded proposomes were evaluated for percentage entrapment efficiency (EE), the particle size of proposomes (PsP), and the zeta potential of proposomes (ZpP). The change in drug release profile was studied by dissolution. Furthermore, naringin and naringin-loaded proposomes, antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) reagent and ascorbic acid as a reference standard. Different gel bases were prepared, and based on various parameters, the G2 (0.6 % Carbopol 974) gel base was selected for naringin proposomes loading. The naringin-loaded PPG was evaluated for various in vitro and in vivo wound healing properties. RESULTS The optimized naringin-loaded proposomes showed extended drug release (90.78 ± 2.19%) for 72 h. The naringin-loaded PPG improved the permeability of naringin, which showed 28.91 ± 2.81% of drug release after 96 h, and the drug solution showed 9.05 ± 0.92%. IC50 values of antioxidant activity of naringin and naringin proposomes were found to be 337.31 μg/ mL and 201.86 μg/ mL, respectively. The naringin-loaded PPG showed better-wound closure on the 15th day (3.32%) compared to proposomal solution (4.75%) or naringin topical gel (4.2%). CONCLUSION Based on the obtained results, we conclude naringin-loaded PPG can be an alternative strategic approach to deliver the naringin for quick wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifali D Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576 104, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Naga Thirumalesh Chevala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576 104, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Reddy Jitta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576 104, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576 104, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruchi Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576 104, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), 575 018, Karnataka, India
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11
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Chavda D, Shukla A, Soni T. Enhancement of drug penetration rate by enriching skin hydration: a novel amalgamation of microemulsion and supersaturation. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220330141528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The evolving need and facilitation of topical formulations have risen in the present era. Topical industries are continually striving to satisfy patients with newer and innovative products. However, dry skin is the critical factor contributing to drug penetration into the skin.
Objective:
The current research aimed to develop cost-effective and commercially feasible industrial scale microemulsion of wheat germ oil to enrich skin hydration, enhancing the drug permeation rate.
Methods:
The Pseudo-ternary phase diagram was constructed for screening of microemulsion components. Wheat germ oil containing O/W microemulsion was prepared and evaluated for physicochemical parameters, thermodynamic stability study, globule size determination, enhancement of skin hydration, and skin permeation rate by ex vivo study.
Results:
The wheat germ oil containing microemulsion was prepared by incorporating tween 20 [surfactant] and ethanol [co-surfactant]. All physicochemical parameters were in the ideal range. Following the thermodynamic stability study, the TEM study showed globule size of optimized microemulsions in the range of 69.64 nm to 84.42 nm. The skin moisture tester showed a high hydration level for more than eight hours. An Ex vivo study revealed higher drug flux [Jss] of Pomegranate peel Extract [17.99 μg/cm2/h] with an enhancement ratio of 1.69.
Conclusion:
The topical formulation application has become challenging for researchers due to the skin's dryness and lower water content. However, the developed WGO microemulsion aids more penetration and is helpful to achieve higher drug flux. In addition, it is a cost-effective, easy to prepare, and patient-friendly drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, [Gujarat] 388001, India
| | - Atindra Shukla
- Shah-Schulman Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad [Gujarat] 387001, India
| | - Tejal Soni
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad [Gujarat] 387001, India
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12
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Kakadia PG, Conway BR. Nanoemulsions for Enhanced Skin Permeation and Controlled Delivery of Chlorohexidine digluconate. J Microencapsul 2022; 39:110-124. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2022.2050318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha G. Kakadia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
- Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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13
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Kis N, Gunnarsson M, Berkó S, Sparr E. The effects of glycols on molecular mobility, structure, and permeability in stratum corneum. J Control Release 2022; 343:755-764. [PMID: 35150813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The skin provides an attractive alternative to the conventional drug administration routes. Still, it comes with challenges as the upper layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), provides an efficient barrier against permeation of most compounds. One way to overcome the skin barrier is to apply chemical permeation enhancers, which can modify the SC structure. In this paper, we investigated the molecular effect of three different types of glycols in SC: dipropylene glycol (diPG), propylene glycol (PG), and butylene glycol (BG). The aim is to understand how these molecules influence the molecular mobility and structure of the SC components, and to relate the molecular effects to the efficiency of these molecules as permeation enhancers. We used complementary experimental techniques, including natural abundance 13C NMR spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction to characterize the molecular consequences of these compounds at different doses in SC at 97% RH humidity and 32 °C. In addition, we study the permeation enhancing effects of the same glycols in comparable conditions using Raman spectroscopy. Based on the results from NMR, we conclude that all three glycols cause increased mobility in SC lipids, and that the addition of glycols has an effect on the keratin filaments in similar manner as Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF). The highest mobility of both lipids and amino acids can be reached with BG, which is followed by PG. It is also shown that one reaches an apparent saturation level for all three chemicals in SC, after which increased addition of the compound does not lead to further increase in the mobility of SC lipids or protein components. The examination with Raman mapping show that BG and PG give a significant permeation enhancement as compared to SC without any added glycol at corresponding conditions. Finally, we observe a non-monotonic response in permeation enhancement with respect to the concentration of glycols, where the highest concentration does not give the highest permeation. This is explained by the dehydration effects at highest glycol concentrations. In summary, we find a good correlation between the molecular effects of glycols on the SC lipid and protein mobility, and macroscopic permeation enhances of the same molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Kis
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Maria Gunnarsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Emma Sparr
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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14
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Zhang Y, Pi J, Li W, Zhang L, Ma X, Kebebe D, Qi D, Li N, Guo P, Liu Z. In vitro skin retention and drug permeation study of Tongluo-Qutong rubber plaster by UPLC/UV/MS/MS. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-9790202100032e181127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jiaxin Pi
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wen Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ludan Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xutong Ma
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Dereje Kebebe
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Dongli Qi
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Pan Guo
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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15
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Dvořáková K, Štěpánek P, Kroupová J, Zbytovská J. N-Alkylmorpholines: Potent Dermal and Transdermal Skin Permeation Enhancers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:64. [PMID: 35056959 PMCID: PMC8778526 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive non-invasive method offering numerous advantages over the conventional routes of administration. The main obstacle to drug transport is, however, the powerful skin barrier that needs to be modulated, for example, by transdermal permeation enhancers. Unfortunately, there are still only a few enhancers showing optimum properties including low toxicity and reversibility of enhancing effects. For this reason, we investigated a series of new N-alkylmorpholines with various side chains as potential enhancers in an in vitro permeation study, using three model permeants (theophylline, indomethacin, diclofenac). Moreover, electrical impedance, transepidermal water loss, cellular toxicity and infrared spectroscopy measurements were applied to assess the effect of enhancers on skin integrity, reversibility, toxicity and enhancers' mode of action, respectively. Our results showed a bell-shaped relationship between the enhancing activity and the hydrocarbon chain length of the N-alkylmorpholines, with the most efficient derivatives having 10-14 carbons for both transdermal and dermal delivery. These structures were even more potent than the unsaturated oleyl derivative. The best results were obtained for indomethacin, where particularly the C10-14 derivatives showed significantly stronger effects than the traditional enhancer Azone. Further experiments revealed reversibility in the enhancing effect, acceptable toxicity and a mode of action based predominantly on interactions with stratum corneum lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Dvořáková
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiřina Kroupová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jarmila Zbytovská
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
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16
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Nowak A, Duchnik W, Makuch E, Kucharski Ł, Ossowicz-Rupniewska P, Cybulska K, Sulikowski T, Moritz M, Klimowicz A. Epilobium angustifolium L. Essential Oil-Biological Activity and Enhancement of the Skin Penetration of Drugs-In Vitro Study. Molecules 2021; 26:7188. [PMID: 34885770 PMCID: PMC8658823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilobium angustifolium L. is a popular medicinal plant found in many regions of the world. This plant contains small amounts of essential oil whose composition and properties have not been extensively investigated. There are few reports in the literature on the antioxidant and antifungal properties of this essential oil and the possibility of applying it as a potential promoter of the skin penetration of drugs. The essential oil was obtained by distillation using a Clavenger type apparatus. The chemical composition was analyzed by the GC-MS method. The major active compounds of E. angustifolium L. essential oil (EOEa) were terpenes, including α-caryophyllene oxide, eucalyptol, β-linalool, camphor, (S)-carvone, and β-caryophyllene. The analyzed essential oil was also characterized by antioxidant activity amounting to 78% RSA (Radical Scavenging Activity). Antifungal activity against the strains Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, A. parasiticum, and Penicillium cyclopium was also determined. The largest inhibition zone was observed for strains from the Aspergillus group. The EOEa enhanced the percutaneous penetration of ibuprofen and lidocaine. After a 24 h test, the content of terpene in the skin and the acceptor fluid was examined. It has been shown that the main compounds contained in the essential oil do not penetrate through the skin, but accumulate in it. Additionally, FTIR-ATR analysis showed a disturbance of the stratum corneum (SC) lipids caused by the essential oil application. Due to its rich composition and high biological activity, EOEa may be a potential candidate to be applied, for example, in the pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries. Moreover, due to the reaction of the essential oil components with SC lipids, the EOEa could be an effective permeation enhancer of topically applied hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nowak
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Wiktoria Duchnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (W.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Edyta Makuch
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, PL-70322 Szczecin, Poland; (E.M.); (P.O.-R.)
| | - Łukasz Kucharski
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Paula Ossowicz-Rupniewska
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, PL-70322 Szczecin, Poland; (E.M.); (P.O.-R.)
| | - Krystyna Cybulska
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, PL-71434 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Sulikowski
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, PL-71252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Michał Moritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (W.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Adam Klimowicz
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
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17
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Ossowicz-Rupniewska P, Nowak A, Klebeko J, Janus E, Duchnik W, Adamiak-Giera U, Kucharski Ł, Prowans P, Petriczko J, Czapla N, Bargiel P, Markowska M, Klimowicz A. Assessment of the Effect of Structural Modification of Ibuprofen on the Penetration of Ibuprofen from Pentravan ® (Semisolid) Formulation Using Human Skin and a Transdermal Diffusion Test Model. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6808. [PMID: 34832210 PMCID: PMC8624710 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of transdermal vehicle (Pentravan®) on skin permeability was examined for unmodified ibuprofen (IBU) and ion pairs of ibuprofen with new L-valine alkyl esters [ValOR][IBU]. The percutaneous permeation across the human skin and transdermal diffusion test model (Strat-M® membranes) of ibuprofen and its structural modification were measured and compared using Franz diffusion cells. For comparison, the penetration of ibuprofen from a commercial product was also investigated. The cumulative amount of drug permeated through human skin at the end of the 24 h study was highest for ibuprofen derivatives containing propyl (C3), isopropyl (C3), ethyl (C2), and butyl (C4) esters. For Strat-M®, the best results were obtained with the alkyl chain length of the ester from C2 to C5. The permeation profiles and parameters were appointed, such as steady-state flux, lag time, and permeability coefficient. It has been shown that L-valine alkyl ester ibuprofenates, with the propyl, butyl, and amyl chain, exhibit a higher permeation rate than ibuprofen. The diffusion parameters of analyzed drugs through human skin and Strat-M® were similar and with good correlation. The resulting Pentravan-based creams with ibuprofen in the form of an ionic pair represent a potential alternative to other forms of the drug-containing analgesics administered transdermally. Furthermore, the Strat-M® membranes can be used to assess the permeation of transdermal preparations containing anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ossowicz-Rupniewska
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 42, PL-71065 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (E.J.)
| | - Anna Nowak
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Avenue 72, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.N.); (W.D.); (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Joanna Klebeko
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 42, PL-71065 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (E.J.)
| | - Ewa Janus
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 42, PL-71065 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (E.J.)
| | - Wiktoria Duchnik
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Avenue 72, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.N.); (W.D.); (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Urszula Adamiak-Giera
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Kucharski
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Avenue 72, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.N.); (W.D.); (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Piotr Prowans
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-72010 Police, Poland; (P.P.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Jan Petriczko
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-72010 Police, Poland; (P.P.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Norbert Czapla
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-72010 Police, Poland; (P.P.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Piotr Bargiel
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-72010 Police, Poland; (P.P.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Marta Markowska
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-72010 Police, Poland; (P.P.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Adam Klimowicz
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Avenue 72, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.N.); (W.D.); (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
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Klebeko J, Ossowicz-Rupniewska P, Nowak A, Janus E, Duchnik W, Adamiak-Giera U, Kucharski Ł, Prowans P, Petriczko J, Czapla N, Bargiel P, Markowska M, Klimowicz A. Permeability of Ibuprofen in the Form of Free Acid and Salts of L-Valine Alkyl Esters from a Hydrogel Formulation through Strat-M™ Membrane and Human Skin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6678. [PMID: 34772205 PMCID: PMC8588543 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of vehicle and chemical modifications of the structure of active compounds on the skin permeation and accumulation of ibuprofen [IBU]. In vitro permeation experiments were performed using human abdominal skin and Strat-M™ membrane. The HPLC method was used for quantitative determinations. The formulations tested were hydrogels containing IBU and its derivatives and commercial gel with ibuprofen. The results obtained indicate that Celugel® had an enhancing effect on the skin penetration of IBU. The average cumulative mass of [IBU] after 24 h permeation test from Celugel® formulation through human skin was over 3 times higher than for the commercial product. Three ibuprofen derivatives containing [ValOiPr][IBU], [ValOPr][IBU], and [ValOBu][IBU] cation were evaluated as chemical penetration enhancers. The cumulative mass after 24 h of penetration was 790.526 ± 41.426, 682.201 ± 29.910, and 684.538 ± 5.599 μg IBU cm-2, respectively, compared to the formulation containing unmodified IBU-429.672 ± 60.151 μg IBU cm-2. This study demonstrates the perspective of the transdermal hydrogel vehicle in conjunction with the modification of the drug as a potential faster drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Klebeko
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (E.J.)
| | - Paula Ossowicz-Rupniewska
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (E.J.)
| | - Anna Nowak
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Ave. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.N.); (W.D.); (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Ewa Janus
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (E.J.)
| | - Wiktoria Duchnik
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Ave. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.N.); (W.D.); (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Urszula Adamiak-Giera
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Kucharski
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Ave. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.N.); (W.D.); (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Piotr Prowans
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Siedlecka 2, 72-010 Police, Poland; (P.P.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Jan Petriczko
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Siedlecka 2, 72-010 Police, Poland; (P.P.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Norbert Czapla
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Siedlecka 2, 72-010 Police, Poland; (P.P.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Piotr Bargiel
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Siedlecka 2, 72-010 Police, Poland; (P.P.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Marta Markowska
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Siedlecka 2, 72-010 Police, Poland; (P.P.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Adam Klimowicz
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Ave. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.N.); (W.D.); (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
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Li X, Li Q, Zhao C. Zero-Order Controlled Release of Water-Soluble Drugs Using a Marker Pen Platform. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13774-13778. [PMID: 34095669 PMCID: PMC8173564 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Zero-order drug release that releases drugs at a constant rate is beneficial to prolong the therapeutic effect and avoid the side effects of drugs. However, due to the weak interaction between the drug and the carrier, it is particularly challenging to achieve zero-order release of water-soluble drugs. Inspired by the marker pen, which stores the water-based ink in the sponge core and releases a constant amount of ink from the tip for writing, we explore the marker pen as a drug delivery platform to achieve zero-order release of water-soluble drugs. Through the capillary interaction between the material and water, the pen core can absorb the aqueous drug solution to encapsulate and store the water-soluble drug model sodium fluorescein (SF) and can release the encapsulated SF by moving the pen tip across the surface. The results show that the marker pen can release a constant amount of SF at the nanogram level per unit length of the line drawn with the pen, and the cumulative SF release amount has a linear relationship with the length of the line. In addition, the amount of released SF is linear with respect to the SF concentration in the aqueous solution. Moreover, the SF-filled marker pen has excellent long-term stability as evidenced by that the amount of SF released from the pen remains constant within two weeks after filling.
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20
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Bozdaganyan ME, Orekhov PS. Synergistic Effect of Chemical Penetration Enhancers on Lidocaine Permeability Revealed by Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:410. [PMID: 34072597 PMCID: PMC8227207 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The search for new formulations for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is an important field in medicine and cosmetology. Molecules with specific physicochemical properties which can increase the permeability of active ingredients across the stratum corneum (SC) are called chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs), and it was shown that some CPEs can act synergistically. In this study, we performed coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the lidocaine delivery facilitated by two CPEs-linoleic acid (LA) and ethanol-through the SC model membrane containing cholesterol, N-Stearoylsphingosine (DCPE), and behenic acid. In our simulations, we probed the effects of individual CPEs as well as their combination on various properties of the SC membrane and the lidocaine penetration across it. We demonstrated that the addition of both CPEs decreases the membrane thickness and the order parameters of the DPCE hydrocarbon chains. Moreover, LA also enhances diffusion of the SC membrane components, especially cholesterol. The estimated potential of mean force (PMF) profiles for the lidocaine translocation across SC in the presence/absence of two individual CPEs and their combination demonstrated that while ethanol lowers the free energy barrier for lidocaine to enter SC, LA decreases the depth of the free energy minima for lidocaine inside SC. These two effects supposedly result in synergistic penetration enhancement of drugs. Altogether, the present simulations provide a detailed molecular picture of CPEs' action and their synergistic effect on the penetration of small molecular weight therapeutics that can be beneficial for the design of novel drug and cosmetics formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine E. Bozdaganyan
- School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Philipp S. Orekhov
- School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Center of Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
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Kulkarni M, Sawant N, Kolapkar A, Huprikar A, Desai N. Borneol: a Promising Monoterpenoid in Enhancing Drug Delivery Across Various Physiological Barriers. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:145. [PMID: 33913042 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of permeation enhancers is one of the most widely employed approaches for delivering drugs across biological membranes. Permeation enhancers aid in delivering drugs across various physiological barriers such as brain capillary endothelium, stratum corneum, corneal epithelium, and mucosal membranes that pose resistance to the entry of a majority of drugs. Borneol is a natural, plant-derived, lipophilic, volatile, bicyclic monoterpenoid belonging to the class of camphene. It has been used under the names "Bing Pian" or "Long Nao" in Traditional Chinese Medicine for more than 1000 years. Borneol has been incorporated predominantly as an adjuvant in the traditional Chinese formulations of centrally acting drugs to improve drug delivery to the brain. This background knowledge and anecdotal evidence have led to extensive research in establishing borneol as a permeation enhancer across the blood-brain barrier. Alteration in cell membrane lipid structures and modulation of multiple ATP binding cassette transporters as well as tight junction proteins are the major contributing factors to blood-brain barrier opening functions of borneol. Owing to these mechanisms of altering membrane properties, borneol has also shown promising potential to improve drug delivery across other physiological barriers as well. The current review focuses on the role of borneol as a permeation enhancer across the blood-brain barrier, mucosal barriers including nasal and gastrointestinal linings, transdermal, transcorneal, and blood optic nerve barrier.
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Zaid Alkilani A, Hamed R, Hussein G, Alnadi S. Nanoemulsion-based patch for the dermal delivery of ascorbic acid. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1880924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Zaid Alkilani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Rania Hamed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghaid Hussein
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sabreen Alnadi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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23
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Laubach J, Joseph M, Brenza T, Gadhamshetty V, Sani RK. Exopolysaccharide and biopolymer-derived films as tools for transdermal drug delivery. J Control Release 2021; 329:971-987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Su Y, Lu W, Fu X, Xu Y, Ye L, Yang J, Huang H, Yu C. Formulation and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a Drug-in-Adhesive Patch for Transdermal Delivery of Koumine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:297. [PMID: 33099696 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a suitable drug-in-adhesive patch for transdermal delivery of koumine. Acrylic polymer Duro-Tak® 87-4287, which contains hydroxyl groups, may significantly enhance the skin permeation of koumine from transdermal patches containing 0.93-3.72% koumine. Among permeation enhancers, 10% azone showed the greatest potential and increased the flux of koumine to 1.48-fold that of the control. Therefore, an optimized patch formulation containing 3.72% koumine and 10% azone in Duro-Tak® 87-4287 that offers good physical properties was selected for an in vivo pharmacokinetic study using rats. The maximal plasma drug concentration (Cmax) of koumine after transdermal administration (4 mg/patch) was 25.80 ± 1.51 ng/mL, which was in the range of those after oral administration (3 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg). The time to the maximal concentration (Tmax) and the half-life (t1/2) of the drug with transdermal administration were 3.96 ± 0.46 h and 21.10 ± 1.36 h, respectively, which were longer than those with oral administration. Furthermore, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-72 h) of 898.20 ± 45.57 ng·h/mL for the transdermal patch was much higher than that for oral administration (15 mg/kg). In conclusion, the drug-in-adhesive patch containing koumine provides a steady plasma koumine level and sustained release in vivo and can be an effective means of transdermal delivery for koumine.
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25
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Sallam MA, Prakash S, Krishnan V, Todorova K, Mandinova A, Mitragotri S. Hyaluronic Acid Conjugates of Vorinostat and Bexarotene for Treatment of Cutaneous Malignancies. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A. Sallam
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Faculty of pharmacy Alexandria University Egypt
| | - Supriya Prakash
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Vinu Krishnan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Kristina Todorova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Building 149 13th Street Charlestown MA 02129 USA
| | - Anna Mandinova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Building 149 13th Street Charlestown MA 02129 USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT 7 Cambridge Center Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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26
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Qindeel M, Ullah MH, Fakhar-Ud-Din, Ahmed N, Rehman AU. Recent trends, challenges and future outlook of transdermal drug delivery systems for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. J Control Release 2020; 327:595-615. [PMID: 32920080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At present, several drug molecules have been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the utilization of these compounds through the oral and parenteral route is limited due to low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, poor absorption, first-pass effect, and serious adverse effects. A transdermal delivery system is an appealing option in this scenario, as it possesses the proficiency to overcome drawbacks associated with the oral and parenteral route. With the innovation of several enhancement strategies, many therapeutic agents have been administered transdermally, proposing an exceptional approach to treat RA. The present article provides an insight into the etiology and pathophysiology of RA. The challenges of the transdermal route and the strategies to improve those problems are described. The current advances in increasing the transdermal efficiency of the therapeutics against RA are discussed. Limitations and advantages regarding the state of the art transdermal delivery system and future outlook are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimoona Qindeel
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Fakhar-Ud-Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Asim Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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27
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Proposome for transdermal delivery of tofacitinib. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Saqib M, Ali Bhatti AS, Ahmad NM, Ahmed N, Shahnaz G, Lebaz N, Elaissari A. Amphotericin B Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Treatment of Leishmania Infections. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061152. [PMID: 32545473 PMCID: PMC7353296 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections in immune-compromised patients are an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Amphotericin B (Amp B) is considered a powerful fungicidal drug but its clinical usage has certain limitations when administered intravenously due to its toxicity and poor solubility. In consideration of such challenges, in cutaneous leishmaniasis, the topical application of Amp B can be a safer option in many aspects. Thus, herein, biopolymer of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) were developed with the loading of Amp B by nanoprecipitation for the treatment of topical leishmanial infections. Various parameters, such as concentration of PCL and surfactant Poloxamer 407, were varied in order to optimize the formation of nanoparticles for the loading of Amp B. The optimized formulation exhibited a mean hydrodynamic particle size of 183 nm with a spherical morphology and an encapsulation efficiency of 85%. The applications of various kinetic models reveal that drug release from nanoformulation follows Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics and has a high diffusion exponent at a physiological pH of 7.4 as well a skin relevant pH = 5.5. The activity of the prepared nanoparticles was also demonstrated in Leishmania infected macrophages. The measured IC50 of the prepared nanoparticle formulation was observed to be significantly lower when compared to control free Amp B and AmBisome® for both L. tropica KWH23 and L. donovani amastigotes in order to demonstrate maximum parasite inhibition. The prepared topical nanoformulations are capable of providing novel options for the treatment of leishmaniasis, which can be possible after in vivo assays as well as the establishment of safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassara Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute and Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (A.E.)
| | - A. Shabbir Ali Bhatti
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Nasir M. Ahmad
- Polymer Research Lab, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Sector, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (N.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Gul Shahnaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (N.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Noureddine Lebaz
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR-5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR-5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (A.E.)
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29
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Islam MR, Chowdhury MR, Wakabayashi R, Tahara Y, Kamiya N, Moniruzzaman M, Goto M. Choline and amino acid based biocompatible ionic liquid mediated transdermal delivery of the sparingly soluble drug acyclovir. Int J Pharm 2020; 582:119335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Rashmi, Zabihi F, Singh AK, Achazi K, Schade B, Hedtrich S, Haag R, Sharma SK. Non-ionic PEG-oligoglycerol dendron conjugated nano-carriers for dermal drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119212. [PMID: 32165226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A new class of non-ionic amphiphiles have been synthesised using a combination of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and oligoglycerol dendrons as hydrophilic units and an alkoxy aryl moiety as hydrophobic unit. The resulting amphiphiles were found to aggregate in aqueous medium. Their aggregation behaviour was studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). The inner hydrophobic core of these aggregates in aqueous medium is capable of encapsulating lipophilic guest molecules. The encapsulation behaviour was studied using Nile red as a hydrophobic dye as well as Curcumin and Dexamethasone as hydrophobic drug candidates. Furthermore, for biological evaluation, cytotoxicity and cellular uptake was studied using different cancer cell lines. The biomedical application of synthesised amphiphiles was further investigated for dermal drug delivery on excised human skin using Nile red encapsulated in the nanocarrier. The release profile of drug/dye encapsulated amphiphiles was studied under physiochemical conditions in the presence of immobilized lipase Novozym 435.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Fatemeh Zabihi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India; Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Schade
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, V6T1Z3 Vancouver, Canada; Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
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Rasoanirina BNV, Lassoued MA, Miladi K, Razafindrakoto Z, Chaâbane-Banaoues R, Ramanitrahasimbola D, Cornet M, Sfar S. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system to improve transcorneal permeability of voriconazole: in-vivo studies. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:889-896. [PMID: 32294801 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effectiveness of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) in improving voriconazole transcorneal permeability. METHODS Voriconazole-SNEDDS was prepared with isopropyl myristate, PEG 400, Tween 80® and Span 80® and was subjected for physicochemical characterization after reconstitution with NaCl 0.9% (1/9; v/v). In-vitro antifungal activity was assessed and compared with the marketed formulation. In-vivo studies, namely ocular irritation test via modified Draize test and pharmacokinetic study, were investigated using rabbit as animal model. KEY FINDINGS Voriconazole-SNEDDS presented a droplet size of 21.353 ± 0.065 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.123 ± 0.003, a pH of 7.205 ± 0.006 and an osmolarity of 342.667 ± 2.517 mOsmol/l after reconstitution with NaCl 0.9%. Voriconazole-SNEDDS minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90 ) was similar to the one of marketed formulation for Candida species while it was significantly lower (P < 0.001) for Aspergillus fumigatus. Draize test revealed that Voriconazole-SNEDDS was safe for ocular administration. Voriconazole maximum concentration (5.577 ± 0.852 µg/ml) from SNEDDS was higher than marketed formulation (Cmax = 4.307 ± 0.623 µg/ml), and the Tmax was delayed to 2 h. The area under the concentration-time curve value of Voriconazole-SNEDDS was improved by 2.419-fold. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SNEDDS is a promising carrier for voriconazole ocular delivery and this encourages further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Ali Lassoued
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Pharmacological Drug Development LR12ES09, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Karim Miladi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Pharmacological Drug Development LR12ES09, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Zoarilala Razafindrakoto
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacognosy, Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées, Fondation Albert et Suzanne RAKOTO-RATSIMAMANGA, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Raja Chaâbane-Banaoues
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology, LR12ES08 (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - David Ramanitrahasimbola
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacognosy, Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées, Fondation Albert et Suzanne RAKOTO-RATSIMAMANGA, Antananarivo, Madagascar.,Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Muriel Cornet
- CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Souad Sfar
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Pharmacological Drug Development LR12ES09, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Kim B, Cho HE, Moon SH, Ahn HJ, Bae S, Cho HD, An S. Transdermal delivery systems in cosmetics. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-020-0058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTransdermal delivery systems have been intensively studied over the past 2 decades, with the focus on overcoming the skin barrier for more effective application of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Although the cosmeceutical industry has made a substantial progress in the development and incorporation of new and effective actives in their products, the barrier function of the skin remains a limiting factor in the penetration and absorption of these actives. Enhancement via modification of the stratum corneum by hydration, acting of chemical enhancers on the structure of stratum corneum lipids, and partitioning and solubility effects are described. This review summarizes the advances in the development and mechanisms of action of chemical components that act as permeation enhancers, as well as the advances in appropriate vehicles, such as gels, emulsions, and vesicular delivery systems, that can be used for effective transdermal delivery.
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33
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Pan Q, Yu Y, Chen D, Jiao G, Liu X. Enhanced penetration strategies for transdermal delivery. Front Chem Sci Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-019-1913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rasoanirina BNV, Lassoued MA, Kamoun A, Bahloul B, Miladi K, Sfar S. Voriconazole-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to improve transcorneal permeability. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:694-703. [PMID: 32064993 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1731532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop self- nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to improve the transcorneal permeability of voriconazole. A 'mixture design around a reference mixture' approach was applied. This latter included four components, namely, isopropyl myristate, PEG 400, Tween® 80 and Span® 80 as oil, co-solvent, surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. Droplet size was selected as response. The effect of mixture components on droplet size was analyzed by means of response trace method. Optimal formulation was subjected to stability studies and characterized for droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), pH, osmolarity, viscosity and percentage of transmittance. Ex-vivo transcorneal permeation of the optimal and the marketed formulations was carried out on excised bovine cornea using Franz cell diffusion apparatus. Optimal voriconazole loaded-SNEDDS showed moderate emulsification efficiency and was characterized by a droplet size of 21.447 ± 0.081 nm, a PDI of 0.156 ± 0.004, a pH of 7.205 ± 0.006, an osmolarity of 310 mosmol/Kg and a viscosity of 8.818 ± 0.076 cP. Moreover, it presented an excellent stability and exhibited a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in apparent permeability coefficient (1.982 ± 0.187 × 10-6 cm/s) when compared to commercialized formulation (1.165 ± 0.106 × 10-6 cm/s). These results suggest that SNEDDS is a promising carrier for voriconazole ocular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Ali Lassoued
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Pharmacological Drug Development LR12ES09, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amel Kamoun
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials, National School of Engineering, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Badr Bahloul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Pharmacological Drug Development LR12ES09, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Karim Miladi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Pharmacological Drug Development LR12ES09, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Souad Sfar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Pharmacological Drug Development LR12ES09, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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35
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Bolla PK, Clark BA, Juluri A, Cheruvu HS, Renukuntla J. Evaluation of Formulation Parameters on Permeation of Ibuprofen from Topical Formulations Using Strat-M ® Membrane. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E151. [PMID: 32069850 PMCID: PMC7076669 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical drug delivery is an attractive alternative to conventional methods because of advantages such as non-invasive delivery, by-pass of first pass metabolism, and improved patient compliance. However, several factors such as skin, physicochemical properties of the drug, and vehicle characteristics influence the permeation. Within a formulation, critical factors such as concentration of drug, physical state of drug in the formulation, and organoleptic properties affect the flux across the skin. The aim of the study was to develop and investigate topical semisolid preparations (creams and gels) with ibuprofen as the model drug and investigate the effect of various formulation parameters on the in-vitro performance across the Strat-M® membrane using flow-through cells. In addition, the physical stability of the developed formulations was investigated by studying viscosity, pH, and appearance. All the formulations developed in the study had appealing appearance with smooth texture and no signs of separation. Viscosity and pH of the formulations were acceptable. Cumulative amount of drug permeated at the end of 24 h was highest for clear gel (3% w/w ibuprofen; F6: 739.6 ± 36.1 µg/cm2) followed by cream with high concentration of ibuprofen in suspended form (5% w/w; F3: 320.8 ± 17.53 µg/cm2), emulgel (3% w/w ibuprofen; F5: 178.5 ± 34.5 µg/cm2), and cream with solubilized ibuprofen (3% w/w; F2A: 163.2 ± 9.36 µg/cm2). Results from this study showed that permeation of ibuprofen was significantly influenced by formulation parameters such as concentration of ibuprofen (3% vs. 5% w/w), physical state of ibuprofen (solubilized vs. suspended), formulation type (cream vs. gel), mucoadhesive agents, and viscosity (high vs. low). Thus, findings from this study indicate that pharmaceutical formulation scientists should explore these critical factors during the early development of any new topical drug product in order to meet pre-determined quality target product profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Bolla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA;
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA;
| | - Bradley A. Clark
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA;
| | - Abhishek Juluri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Hanumanth Srikanth Cheruvu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India;
| | - Jwala Renukuntla
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA;
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36
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Zheng L, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Li Y, Wang C. Novel skin permeation enhancers based on amino acid ester ionic liquid: Design and permeation mechanism. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:119031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Thotakura N, Kaushik L, Kumar V, Preet S, Babu PV. Advanced Approaches of Bioactive Peptide Molecules and Protein Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5147-5163. [PMID: 30727874 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190206211458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that protein and peptide therapeutics are widely employed in the treatment of various diseases, their delivery is posing an unembellished challenge to the scientists. It was discovered that delivery of these therapeutic systems through oral route is easy with high patient compliance. However, proteolytic degradation and absorption through the mucosal epithelium are the barriers in this route. These issues can be minimized by the use of enzyme inhibitors, absorption enhancers, different carrier systems or either by direct modification. In the process of investigation, it was found that transdermal route is not posing any challenges of enzymatic degradation, but, still absorption is the limitation as the outer layer of skin acts as a barrier. To suppress the effect of the barrier and increase the rate of the absorption, various advanced technologies were developed, namely, microneedle technology, iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis and biochemical enhancement. Indeed, even these molecules are targeted to the cells with the use of cell-penetrating peptides. In this review, delivery of the peptide and protein therapeutics using oral, transdermal and other routes is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarani Thotakura
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lokesh Kaushik
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Simran Preet
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block-2, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Penke Vijaya Babu
- Department of chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Doppalapudi S, Jain A, Khan W, Domb AJ. Fenoldopam mesylate for treating psoriasis: A new indication for an old drug. Int J Pharm 2019; 573:118726. [PMID: 31715365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fenoldopam, a highly selective dopamine receptor agonist, is available in clinics as Corlopam™ i.v. for the management of severe hypertension. Recent reports demonstrate its anti-proliferative activity in vitro in a dose dependent manner. However, stability issues of the drug due to its susceptibility to oxidation, pH sensitivity, poor transdermal flux, and the barrier properties of skin present challenges to develop a topical formulation of fenoldopam. The aim of the present study is to suggest a stable topical formulation of fenoldopam for the treatment of psoriasis. Water washable ointment and glycerin-based carbopol anhydrous gel of fenoldopam intended for topical delivery were prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results from pH dependent stability studies suggest the necessity to maintain acidic pH in final formulations. The presence of an acidic adjuster in ointment and unneutralised carbopol dispersion of anhydrous gel maintain the desired acidic environment in the formulations. Stability studies of prepared formulations performed for 90 days indicate that the drug remains stable in formulations. In vivo studies demonstrate the applicability of the formulations for better skin penetration, skin compliance, and photosafety. Efficacy studies using an imiquimod induced psoriasis model confirm the promising application of developed fenoldopam topical formulations for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Doppalapudi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Anjali Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
| | - Abraham J Domb
- School of Pharmacy- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Manickam B, Sreedharan R, Chidambaram K. Drug/Vehicle Impacts and Formulation Centered Stratagems for Enhanced Transdermal Drug Permeation, Controlled Release and Safety: Unparalleled Past and Recent Innovations-An Overview. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666190212113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are one of the fascinating unconventional drug delivery systems offering plentiful advantages of which patient compliance is of paramount importance. However, as a matter of fact, the transdermal delivery of drug molecules is absolutely a tedious job which is precisely influenced by a number of factors including penetration barrier properties of the skin, drug characteristics formulation allied issues, etc. Over the years, innumerable tremendous efforts have been made in transporting the drugs through the skin into the systemic circulation by noteworthy tactics. This paper discusses such revolutionary formulation based techniques that have been endeavored in achieving the enhanced skin permeation of drugs, controlled release, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Manickam
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Nursing, University of Nizwa, Initial Campus, Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Oman
| | - Rajesh Sreedharan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, No-1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Moiseev RV, Morrison PWJ, Steele F, Khutoryanskiy VV. Penetration Enhancers in Ocular Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E321. [PMID: 31324063 PMCID: PMC6681039 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more than 100 recognized disorders of the eye. This makes the development of advanced ocular formulations an important topic in pharmaceutical science. One of the ways to improve drug delivery to the eye is the use of penetration enhancers. These are defined as compounds capable of enhancing drug permeability across ocular membranes. This review paper provides an overview of anatomical and physiological features of the eye and discusses some common ophthalmological conditions and permeability of ocular membranes. The review also presents the analysis of literature on the use of penetration-enhancing compounds (cyclodextrins, chelating agents, crown ethers, bile acids and bile salts, cell-penetrating peptides, and other amphiphilic compounds) in ocular drug delivery, describing their properties and modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Moiseev
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG66AD, UK
| | - Peter W J Morrison
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG66AD, UK
| | - Fraser Steele
- MC2 Therapeutics, James House, Emlyn Lane, Leatherhead KT22 7EP, UK
| | - Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG66AD, UK.
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A Snapshot of Transdermal and Topical Drug Delivery Research in Canada. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11060256. [PMID: 31159422 PMCID: PMC6631132 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The minimally- or non-invasive delivery of therapeutic agents through the skin has several advantages compared to other delivery routes and plays an important role in medical care routines. The development and refinement of new technologies is leading to a drastic expansion of the arsenal of drugs that can benefit from this delivery strategy and is further intensifying its impact in medicine. Within Canada, as well, a few research groups have worked on the development of state-of-the-art transdermal delivery technologies. Within this short review, we aim to provide a critical overview of the development of these technologies in the Canadian environment.
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Transdermal patches: Design and current approaches to painless drug delivery. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:197-215. [PMID: 31259729 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Use of transdermal patches can evade many issues associated with oral drug delivery, such as first-pass hepatic metabolism, enzymatic digestion attack, drug hydrolysis and degradation in acidic media, drug fluctuations, and gastrointestinal irritation. This article reviews various transdermal patches available in the market, types, structural components, polymer role, and the required assessment tools. Although transdermal patches have medical applications for smoking cessation, pain relief, osteoporosis, contraception, motion sickness, angina pectoris, and cardiac disorders, advances in formulation development are ongoing to make transdermal patches capable of delivering more challenging drugs. Transdermal patches can be tailored and developed according to the physicochemical properties of active and inactive components, and applicability for long-term use. Therefore, a number of chemical approaches and physical techniques for transdermal patch development are under investigation.
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43
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Homayun B, Lin X, Choi HJ. Challenges and Recent Progress in Oral Drug Delivery Systems for Biopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E129. [PMID: 30893852 PMCID: PMC6471246 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Routes of drug administration and the corresponding physicochemical characteristics of a given route play significant roles in therapeutic efficacy and short term/long term biological effects. Each delivery method has favorable aspects and limitations, each requiring a specific delivery vehicles design. Among various routes, oral delivery has been recognized as the most attractive method, mainly due to its potential for solid formulations with long shelf life, sustained delivery, ease of administration and intensified immune response. At the same time, a few challenges exist in oral delivery, which have been the main research focus in the field in the past few years. The present work concisely reviews different administration routes as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each method, highlighting why oral delivery is currently the most promising approach. Subsequently, the present work discusses the main obstacles for oral systems and explains the most recent solutions proposed to deal with each issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Homayun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Xueting Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
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Sidat Z, Marimuthu T, Kumar P, du Toit LC, Kondiah PPD, Choonara YE, Pillay V. Ionic Liquids as Potential and Synergistic Permeation Enhancers for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E96. [PMID: 30813375 PMCID: PMC6409523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) show clear advantages over conventional routes of drug administration. Nonetheless, there are limitations to current TDDS which warrant further research to improve current TDD platforms. Spurred by the synthesis of novel biodegradable ionic liquids (ILs) and favorable cytotoxicity studies, ILs were shown to be a possible solution to overcome these challenges. Their favorable application in overcoming challenges ranging from synthesis, manufacture, and even therapeutic benefits were documented. In this review, said ILs are highlighted and their role in TDDS is reviewed in terms of (a) ILs as permeation enhancers (single agents or combined), (b) ILs in drug modification, and (c) ILs as active pharmaceutical ingredients. Furthermore, future combination of ILs with other chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) is proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Sidat
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Thashree Marimuthu
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Lisa C du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Pierre P D Kondiah
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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46
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Effect of Chemical Permeation Enhancers on Skin Permeability: In silico screening using Molecular Dynamics simulations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1456. [PMID: 30728438 PMCID: PMC6365548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breaching of the skin barrier is essential for delivering active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for pharmaceutical, dermatological and aesthetic applications. Chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) are molecules that interact with the constituents of skin’s outermost and rate limiting layer stratum corneum (SC), and increase its permeability. Designing and testing of new CPEs is a resource intensive task, thus limiting the rate of discovery of new CPEs. In-silico screening of CPEs in a rigorous skin model could speed up the design of CPEs. In this study, we performed coarse grained (CG) molecule dynamics (MD) simulations of a multilayer skin lipid matrix in the presence of CPEs. The CPEs are chosen from different chemical functionalities including fatty acids, esters, and alcohols. A multi-layer in-silico skin model was developed. The CG parameters of permeation enhancers were also developed. Interactions of CPEs with SC lipids was studied in silico at three different CPE concentrations namely, 1% w/v, 3% w/v and 5% w/v. The partitioning and diffusion coefficients of CPEs in the SC lipids were found to be highly size- and structure-dependent and these dependencies are explained in terms of structural properties such as radial distribution function, area per lipid and order parameter. Finally, experimentally reported effects of CPEs on skin from the literature are compared with the simulation results. The trends obtained using simulations are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The studies presented here validate the utility of in-silico models for designing, screening and testing of novel and effective CPEs.
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47
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Modelling the in-vitro dissolution and release of sumatriptan succinate from polyvinylpyrrolidone-based microneedles. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 125:54-63. [PMID: 30223035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A mathematical model was developed to predict the transport of sumatriptan molecules across the skin followed by absorption into the bloodstream. The drug was encapsulated in dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone-based microneedles shaped in the form of pyramids. Mass balance equations were derived to simulate the dissolution and transport of the pharmaceutical ingredient. The theoretical framework made it possible to assess and predict the effects of key parameters on the release profile. The skin concentration increased with the loading dose and the height of the microneedle. An inverse relationship was noted between the amount of drug released in the dermal layer and the pitch width. These results were validated with in-vitro diffusion studies previously conducted using Göttingen minipig skin. The new mathematical approach successfully explained the in-vitro permeation of three different sumatriptan-containing formulations.
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48
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Influence of skin permeation enhancers on the transdermal delivery of palonosetron: An in vitro evaluation. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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49
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Systematically optimized topical delivery system for Loperamide hydrochloride: Formulation design, in vitro and in vivo biopharmaceutical evaluation. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 13:255-264. [PMID: 32104399 PMCID: PMC7032216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a suitable topical delivery system containing diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME) for Loperamide hydrochloride (Lop). Two factors, three levels Central-Composite design were applied by generating a quadratic polynomial equation to form contour plots and response surface for prediction of responses as two selected independent variables with EtOH-DGME ratio and EtOH concentration. The response variables flux and skin retention were determined in in vitro hairless mouse skin model. The selected optimum formulation was evaluated for the skin transport characteristics by developing dermatokinetic analysis model and the results demonstrated DGME improved the delivery of Lop into skin deep layers, which was further confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) study. In vitro skin permeation was found to have triphasic correlation with plasma AUC in the in vivo pharmacokinetic study. The in vitro–in vivo correlation enabled the prediction of pharmacokinetic profile of Lop from in vitro permeation results. Therefore, the optimum formulation capable of enhancing Lop intracutaneous depot could be a candidate for topical delivery of Lop as analgesics.
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50
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Rambharose S, Kalhapure RS, Jadhav M, Govender T. Novel mono, di and tri-fatty acid esters bearing secondary amino acid ester head groups as transdermal permeation enhancers. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04025c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mono-oleate derivative (MOAPE) enhancing in vitro transdermal permeation of tenofovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rambharose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | - R. S. Kalhapure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | - M. Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | - T. Govender
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
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