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Yu KL, Ong HC, Zaman HB. Integrated energy informatics technology on microalgae-based wastewater treatment to bioenergy production: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122085. [PMID: 39142099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The production of renewable biofuel through microalgae and green technology can be a promising solution to meet future energy demands whilst reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and recovering energy for a carbon-neutral bio-economy and environmental sustainability. Recently, the integration of Energy Informatics (EI) technology as an emerging approach has ensured the feasibility and enhancement of microalgal biotechnology and bioenergy applications. Integrating EI technology such as artificial intelligence (AI), predictive modelling systems and life cycle analysis (LCA) in microalgae field applications can improve cost, efficiency, productivity and sustainability. With the approach of EI technology, data-driven insights and decision-making, resource optimization and a better understanding of the environmental impact of microalgae cultivation could be achieved, making it a crucial step in advancing this field and its applications. This review presents the conventional technologies in the microalgae-based system for wastewater treatment and bioenergy production. Furthermore, the recent integration of EI in microalgal technology from the AI application to the modelling and optimization using predictive control systems has been discussed. The LCA and techno-economic assessment (TEA) in the environmental sustainability and economic point of view are also presented. Future challenges and perspectives in the microalgae-based wastewater treatment to bioenergy production integrated with the EI approach, are also discussed in relation to the development of microalgae as the future energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Yu
- Department of Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Tan Sri Leo Moggie Distinguished Chair in Energy Informatics, Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy (IICE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Department of Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Halimah Badioze Zaman
- Tan Sri Leo Moggie Distinguished Chair in Energy Informatics, Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy (IICE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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2
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E SSA, Sharma Y, J R, Shankar V. A comparative assessment of microbial biodiesel and its life cycle analysis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:521-547. [PMID: 38480635 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Biodiesel is a type of sustainable, biodegradable energy made from natural sources like vegetable oils, animal fat, and from microbes. Unlike traditional diesel, it has a lower carbon footprint and produces fewer harmful emissions when burned. Biodiesel has gained popularity as a more sustainable substitute for hydrocarbon-based diesel and may be utilized in diesel engines without any modification. In this review, biodiesel from microorganisms such as algae, yeast, and fungi and advantages over another feedstock were discussed. The life cycle evaluation of biodiesel is a thorough assessment of the ecological and economic effects of biodiesel production and use, from the extraction of raw ingredients to the waste disposal process. The life cycle analysis considers the entire process, including the production of feedstocks, the production of biodiesel, and the use of biodiesel in vehicles and other applications. Life cycle analysis of biodiesel produced from microorganisms takes into consideration the environmental impact and sustainability of each step in the production process, including the impact on land use, water use, greenhouse gas emissions, and the availability of resources. In this section, biodiesel produced from microorganisms and other raw materials, its comparisons, and also steps involved in the life cycle such as the cultivation of microorganisms, harvesting of biomass, and conversion to biodiesel were discussed. The processes like extraction and purification, hydrothermal liquefaction, and their environmental impacts were examined by using various LCA software from the previously mentioned process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathe Sriee A E
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 14, India
| | - Yamini Sharma
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 14, India
| | - Ranjitha J
- CO2 Research and Green Technologies Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore 14, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Shankar
- CO2 Research and Green Technologies Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore 14, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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3
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Investigation of catalytic pyrolysis of Spirulina for bio-oil production. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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4
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Krishnamoorthy N, Pathy A, Kapoor A, Paramasivan B. Exploring the evolution, trends and scope of microalgal biochar through scientometrics. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Continuous Systems Bioremediation of Wastewaters Loaded with Heavy Metals Using Microorganisms. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a serious concern of the modern era due to its widespread negative effects on human health and to the environment. Conventional technologies applied for the uptake of this category of persistent pollutants are complex, often expensive, and inefficient at low metal concentrations. In the last few years, non-conventional alternatives have been studied in search of better solutions in terms of costs and sustainability. Microbial adsorbents are one of the biomass-based sorbents that have extensively demonstrated excellent heavy metals removal capacity even at low concentrations. However, most of the carried-out research regarding their application in wastewater treatment has been performed in discontinuous systems. The use of microorganisms for the uptake of metal ions in continuous systems could be an important step for the upscale of the remediation processes since it facilitates a faster remediation of higher quantities of wastewaters loaded with heavy metals, in comparison with batch systems removal. Thus, the current research aims to analyze the available studies focusing on the removal of metal ions from wastewaters using microorganisms, in continuous systems, with a focus on obtained performances, optimized experimental conditions, and the sustainability of the bioremoval process. The present work found that microbial-based remediation processes have demonstrated very good performances in continuous systems. Further sustainability analyses are required in order to apply the bioremediation technology in an optimized environmentally friendly way in large-scale facilities.
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Jouannais P, Hindersin S, Löhn S, Pizzol M. Stochastic LCA Model of Upscaling the Production of Microalgal Compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10454-10464. [PMID: 35763500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are currently being investigated for their promising metabolites but assessing the environmental impact of producing these compounds remains a challenge. Microalgae cultivation performance results from the complex interaction of biological, technological, geographical, and physical factors, which bioengineers try to optimize during the upscaling process. The path from the discovery of a microalgal compound to its industrial production is therefore highly uncertain. Nonetheless, it is key to anticipate the potential environmental impacts associated with the future production of a microalgal target compound. This is achieved in this study by developing an ex-ante, parameterized, and consequential LCA model that performs dynamic simulations of microalgae cultivation. The model is applied to calculate the environmental impacts of 9000 stochastically generated combinations of photobioreactor geometries and operational setups. The demonstration of the model is done for a fictive microalgal strain, parameterized to resemble Chlorella vulgaris, and a fictive target compound assumed to be a carbohydrate. The simulations are performed in Aalborg, Denmark, and Granada, Spain to appreciate geographical variability, which highly affects the requirements for thermoregulation. Open-source documentation allows full reproducibility and further use of the model for the ex-ante assessment of microalgal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Jouannais
- Department of Planning, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stefan Hindersin
- Sea & Sun Technology LTD, Arndtstraße 9 -13, 24610 Trappenkamp, Germany
| | - Sarah Löhn
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Waste Resource Management, Hamburg University of Technology, Blohmstraße 15, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Massimo Pizzol
- Department of Planning, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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7
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Techno-economic modelling of high-value metabolites and secondary products from microalgae cultivated in closed photobioreactors with supplementary lighting. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Melo JM, Ribeiro MR, Telles TS, Amaral HF, Andrade DS. Microalgae cultivation in wastewater from agricultural industries to benefit next generation of bioremediation: a bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:22708-22720. [PMID: 34797540 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a bibliometric analysis and mapping of existing scientific papers, focusing on microalgae cultivation coupled with biomass production and bioremediation of wastewater from agricultural industries, including cassava, dairy, and coffee. Using the Web of Science (WoS) database for the period 1996-2021, a search was performed using a keyword strategy, aiming at segregating the papers in groups. For the first search step, the keywords "wastewater treatment", AND "microalgae", AND "cassava" OR "dairy" OR "coffee" were used, resulting in 59 papers. For the second step, the keywords "wastewater treatment" AND "biomass productivity" AND "microalgae" AND "economic viability" OR "environmental impacts" were used, which resulted in 34 articles. In these papers, keywords such as "carbon dioxide biofixation" and "removal of nutrients by the production of biomass by microalgae" followed by "environmental and economic impacts" were highlighted. Some of these papers presented an analysis of the economic feasibility of the process, which reveal the state-of-the-art setup required to make the cultivation of microalgae economically viable. Researches focusing on the efficiency of microalgae biomass harvesting are needed to improve the integration of microalgae production in industrial eco-parks using wastewater to achieve the global goal of bioremediation and clean alternatives for renewable energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Muniz Melo
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IAPAR-EMATER, Rod Celso Garcia Cid, km 375, P. O. Box 1030, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86047-902, Brazil
| | - Marina Ronchesel Ribeiro
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IAPAR-EMATER, Rod Celso Garcia Cid, km 375, P. O. Box 1030, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86047-902, Brazil
| | - Tiago Santos Telles
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IAPAR-EMATER, Rod Celso Garcia Cid, km 375, P. O. Box 1030, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86047-902, Brazil
| | | | - Diva Souza Andrade
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IAPAR-EMATER, Rod Celso Garcia Cid, km 375, P. O. Box 1030, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86047-902, Brazil.
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9
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Software tools for microalgae biorefineries: Cultivation, separation, conversion process integration, modeling, and optimization. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Pourkarimi S, Sadeh MS, Hallajisani A, Hajikhani M, Moradi M, Alizadeh O, Nouralishahi A. Investigation of catalytic pyrolysis of Azolla filiculoides and Ulva fasciata for bio-oil production. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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11
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de Faria DRG, de Medeiros JL, Araújo ODQF. Screening biorefinery pathways to biodiesel, green-diesel and propylene-glycol: A hierarchical sustainability assessment of process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113772. [PMID: 34560470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant design implies the best choice among a set of feedstock-to-product process pathways. Multiple sustainability performance indicators can blur the decision, and existing sustainability assessment methods usually focus only on environmental life-cycle performance and corporate metrics or solely on the gate-to-gate process. It is relevant to incorporate integrated system analysis to address sustainability comprehensively. To this end, the Sustainable Process Systems Engineering (S-PSE) method was previously introduced to select the most sustainable feedstock-process-product configuration via four-dimensional indicators (environment, efficiency, health-&-safety, and economic), and then pinpoint the sustainability hotspots of the best design to unveil possible improvements. This work expands S-PSE by adding new features: (i) cradle-to-gate environmental assessment; (ii) composition of flowsheets; (iii) new indicators; (iv) statistical screening of indicators; and (v) 2030 Agenda compliance. A biorefinery case-study demonstrates S-PSE: to select the best pathway from soybean-oil, palm-oil, and microalgae-oil to biodiesel, green-diesel, and propylene-glycol. Firstly, statistical screening reduces the indicator set by 62%. Results evince all routes from microalgae-oil as economically unfeasible due to oil cost, despite superior environmental performance. S-PSE evinces palm-oil-to-biodiesel as the most sustainable due to lower cradle-to-gate emissions and manufacturing cost, with sustainability hotspots associated to hazardous methanol input and energy-intensive distillations. 2030 Agenda analysis also outlines palm-oil-to-biodiesel as best for 5 out of 10 Sustainable Development Goals linked to the reduced indicator set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ramos G de Faria
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Duque de Caxias, RJ, 25250-020, Brazil; Escola de Química, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CT, E, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Medeiros
- Escola de Química, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CT, E, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Ofélia de Queiroz F Araújo
- Escola de Química, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CT, E, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
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12
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Flocculation properties of eight microalgae induced by aluminum chloride, chitosan, amphoteric polyacrylamide, and alkaline: Life-cycle assessment for screening species and harvesting methods. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Al-Jabri H, Das P, Thaher M, Khan S, AbdulQuadir M. Potential utilization of waste nitrogen fertilizer from a fertilizer industry using marine microalgae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142532. [PMID: 33035988 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of microalgal biomass production using waste nitrogen fertilizers (WNFs) generated by the Qatar Fertiliser Company (QAFCO). From the plant, three types of WNFs (WNF1, WNF2, and WNF3) were collected; WNF1 and WNF2 had high solubility (e.g., 1000 g/L) whereas WNF3 had low solubility (65 g/L). For a lower dosage (i.e., 100 mg N/L) of these WNFs, >98% of nitrogen was soluble in water for WNF1 and WNF2; however, 52 mg N/L was soluble for WNF3. Nitrogen content in these wastes was 44, 43, and 39% for WNF1, WNF2, and WNF3, respectively. As these WNFs were used as the sole nitrogen source to grow Tetraselmis sp., Picochlorum sp., and Synechococcus sp., Tetraselmis sp. could utilize all the three WNFs more efficiently than other two strains. The biomass yield of Tetraselmis sp. in a 100,000 L raceway pond was 0.58 g/L and 0.67 g/L for mixed WNFs (all WNF in equal ratio) and urea, respectively. The metabolite profiles of Tetraselmis sp. biomass grown using mixed WNFs were very similar to the biomass obtained from urea-added culture - suggesting that WNFs produced Tetraselmis sp. biomass could be used as animal feed ingredients. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) was conducted for six potential scenarios, using the data from the outdoor cultivation. The production of Tetraselmis sp. biomass in QAFCO premises using its WNFs, flue gas, and waste heat could not only eliminate the consequences of landfilling WNFs but also would improve the energy, cost, and environmental burdens of microalgal biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hareb Al-Jabri
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Probir Das
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Mahmoud Thaher
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Shoyeb Khan
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohammad AbdulQuadir
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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14
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Nagappan S, Tsai PC, Devendran S, Alagarsamy V, Ponnusamy VK. Enhancement of biofuel production by microalgae using cement flue gas as substrate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:17571-17586. [PMID: 31512119 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cement industry generates a substantial amount of gaseous pollutants that cannot be treated efficiently and economically using standard techniques. Microalgae, a promising bioremediation and biodegradation agent used as feedstock for biofuel production, can be used for the biotreatment of cement flue gas. In specific, components of cement flue gas such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfur oxides are shown to serve as nutrients for microalgae. Microalgae also have the capacity to sequestrate heavy metals present in cement kiln dust, adding further benefits. This work provides an extensive overview of multiple approaches taken in the inclusion of microalgae biofuel production in the cement sector. In addition, factors influencing the production of microalgal biomass are also described in such an integrated plant. In addition, process limitations such as the adverse impact of flue gas on medium pH, exhaust gas toxicity, and efficient delivery of carbon dioxide to media are also discussed. Finally, the article concludes by proposing the future potential for incorporating the microalgae biofuel plant into the cement sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Nagappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering (Autonomous - Affiliated to Anna University), Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu, 602 117, India
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Saravanan Devendran
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Vardhini Alagarsamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering (Autonomous - Affiliated to Anna University), Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu, 602 117, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
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15
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Environmental performances of diluents and hydrogen production pathways from microalgae in cold climates: Open raceway ponds and photobioreactors coupled with thermochemical conversion. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Rajesh Banu J, Kavitha S, Gunasekaran M, Kumar G. Microalgae based biorefinery promoting circular bioeconomy-techno economic and life-cycle analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122822. [PMID: 32007307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are source of third generation biofuel having the key advantage of high lipid productivity. In recent times, biorefinery is seen as promising option to further reduce the production cost of microalgae biofuel. However, exact energy balance analysis has not been performed on important biorefinery routes. In this aspect, three biorefinery routes, all based on lipid based biorefinery route are evaluated for economical production of microalgal biofuel and valorised products. Biorefinery route 1 involves production of biodiesel, pigments, and animal feed. Biorefinery route 2 involves biogas and pigments production and two stage fermentation, and third biorefinery route involves bio-hydrogen and pigments production. Finally, the technoeconomic assessment of three biorefinery routes were reviewed, net energy savings, and life-cycle costing approaches to economize microalgal biorefinery are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - M Gunasekaran
- Department of Physics, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Green Processing, Bioremediation and Alternative Energies Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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17
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Severo IA, Deprá MC, Dias RR, Barin JS, de Menezes CR, Wagner R, Zepka LQ, Jacob-Lopes E. Bio-combustion of petroleum coke: The process integration with photobioreactors. Part II – Sustainability metrics and bioeconomy. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Gautam R, Vinu R. Reaction engineering and kinetics of algae conversion to biofuels and chemicals via pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A state-of-the-art review on pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction of algae to fuels and chemicals with emphasis on reaction chemistry and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ribhu Gautam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and National Center for Combustion Research and Development
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai – 600036
- India
| | - R. Vinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and National Center for Combustion Research and Development
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai – 600036
- India
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19
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Ubando AT, Rivera DRT, Chen WH, Culaba AB. A comprehensive review of life cycle assessment (LCA) of microalgal and lignocellulosic bioenergy products from thermochemical processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121837. [PMID: 31353166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass is a renewable energy source and is considered as a crucial solution in the increasing energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. Through various thermochemical conversion processes such as torrefaction, pyrolysis, liquefaction, and gasification, biomass can be converted to different bioenergy products. However, the production of these bioenergy products through the aforesaid thermochemical processes entails raw material consumption, energy consumption, and environmental impact. A multitude of studies has been conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of bioenergy products for specific thermochemical processes on a specific biomass feedstock using life cycle assessment. This study aims to comprehensively review the life cycle assessment of bioenergy products from microalgal biomass together with lignocellulosic biomass and through different thermochemical processes. The study identifies the current challenges and potential future works of bioenergy production from different thermochemical processes in the perspective of a life cycle assessment framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotle T Ubando
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines
| | - Diana Rose T Rivera
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Alvin B Culaba
- Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, Manila 0922, Philippines
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Dasan YK, Lam MK, Yusup S, Lim JW, Lee KT. Life cycle evaluation of microalgae biofuels production: Effect of cultivation system on energy, carbon emission and cost balance analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:112-128. [PMID: 31229809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapid depletion of fossil fuels and ever-increasing environmental pollution have forced humankind to look for a renewable energy source. Microalgae, a renewable biomass source, has been proposed as a promising feedstock to generate biofuels due to their fast growth rate with high lipid content. However, literatures have indicated that sustainable production of microalgae biofuels are only viable with a highly optimized production system. In the present study, a cradle-to-gate approach was used to provide expedient insights on the effect of different cultivation systems and biomass productivity toward life cycle energy (LCEA), carbon balance (LCCO2) and economic (LCC) of microalgae biodiesel production pathways. In addition, a co-production of bioethanol from microalgae residue was proposed in order to improve the economic sustainability of the overall system. The results attained in the present work indicated that traditional microalgae biofuels processing pathways resulted to several shortcomings, such as dehydration and lipid extraction of microalgae biomass required high energy input and contributed nearly 21 to 30% and 39 to 57% of the total energy requirement, respectively. Besides, the microalgae biofuels production system also required a high capital investment, which accounted for 47 to 86% of total production costs that subsequently resulted to poor techno-economic performances. Moreover, current analysis of environmental aspects of microalgae biorefinery had revealed negative CO2 balance in producing microalgae biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaleeni Kanna Dasan
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Suzana Yusup
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Keat Teong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Olofsson M, Lindehoff E, Legrand C. Production stability and biomass quality in microalgal cultivation - Contribution of community dynamics. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:330-340. [PMID: 32625012 PMCID: PMC6999223 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prospect of using constructed communities of microalgae in algal cultivation was confirmed in this study. Three different algal communities, constructed of diatoms (Diatom), green algae (Green), and cyanobacteria (Cyano), each mixed with a natural community of microalgae were cultivated in batch and semi-continuous mode and fed CO2 or cement flue gas (12-15% CO2). Diatom had the highest growth rate but Green had the highest yield. Changes in the community composition occurred throughout the experiment. Green algae were the most competitive group, while filamentous cyanobacteria were outcompeted. Euglenoids, recruited from scarce species in the natural community became a large part of the biomass in semi-steady state in all communities. High temporal and yield stability were demonstrated in all communities during semi-steady state. Valuable products (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) comprised 61.5 ± 5% of ash-free biomass and were similar for the three communities with lipids ranging 14-26% of dry mass (DM), proteins (15-28% DM) and carbohydrates (9-23% DM). Our results indicate that culture functions (stability, biomass quality) were maintained while dynamic changes occurred in community composition. We propose that a multispecies community approach can aid sustainability in microalgal cultivation, through complementary use of resources and higher culture stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Olofsson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS)Department of Biology and Environmental Science (BoM)Linnæus UniversityKalmarSweden
| | - Elin Lindehoff
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS)Department of Biology and Environmental Science (BoM)Linnæus UniversityKalmarSweden
| | - Catherine Legrand
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS)Department of Biology and Environmental Science (BoM)Linnæus UniversityKalmarSweden
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Ye C, Mu D, Horowitz N, Xue Z, Chen J, Xue M, Zhou Y, Klutts M, Zhou W. Life cycle assessment of industrial scale production of spirulina tablets. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Microalgae Oil Production: A Downstream Approach to Energy Requirements for the Minamisoma Pilot Plant. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Papadaki S, Kyriakopoulou K, Tzovenis I, Krokida M. Environmental impact of phycocyanin recovery from Spirulina platensis cyanobacterium. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fortier MOP, Roberts GW, Stagg-Williams SM, Sturm BS. Determination of the life cycle climate change impacts of land use and albedo change in algal biofuel production. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Quiroz-Arita C, Sheehan JJ, Bradley TH. Life cycle net energy and greenhouse gas emissions of photosynthetic cyanobacterial biorefineries: Challenges for industrial production of biofuels. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bhujade R, Chidambaram M, Kumar A, Sapre A. Algae to Economically Viable Low-Carbon-Footprint Oil. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2017; 8:335-357. [PMID: 28592173 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060816-101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Algal oil as an alternative to fossil fuel has attracted attention since the 1940s, when it was discovered that many microalgae species can produce large amounts of lipids. Economics and energy security were the motivational factors for a spurt in algae research during the 1970s, 1990s, and early 2000s. Whenever crude prices declined, research on algae stopped. The scenario today is different. Even given low and volatile crude prices ($30-$50/barrel), interest in algae continues all over the world. Algae, with their cure-all characteristics, have the potential to provide sustainable solutions to problems in the energy-food-climate nexus. However, after years of effort, there are no signs of algae-to-biofuel technology being commercialized. This article critically reviews past work; summarizes the current status of the technology; and based on the lessons learned, provides a balanced perspective on a potential path toward commercialization of algae-to-oil technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Bhujade
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai-400701, India; , , ,
| | - Mandan Chidambaram
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai-400701, India; , , ,
| | - Avnish Kumar
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai-400701, India; , , ,
| | - Ajit Sapre
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai-400701, India; , , ,
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Bioenergy Combined with Carbon Capture Potential by Microalgae at Flue Gas-Based Carbon Sequestration Plant of NALCO as Accelerated Carbon Sink. GREEN ENERGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3352-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Quiroz Arita C, Yilmaz Ö, Barlak S, Catton KB, Quinn JC, Bradley TH. A geographical assessment of vegetation carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emissions on potential microalgae-based biofuel facilities in the United States. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 221:270-275. [PMID: 27643735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The microalgae biofuels life cycle assessments (LCA) present in the literature have excluded the effects of direct land use change (DLUC) from facility construction under the assumption that DLUC effects are negligible. This study seeks to model the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of microalgae biofuels including DLUC by quantifying the CO2 equivalence of carbon released to the atmosphere through the construction of microalgae facilities. The locations and types of biomass and Soil Organic Carbon that are disturbed through microalgae cultivation facility construction are quantified using geographical models of microalgae productivity potential including consideration of land availability. The results of this study demonstrate that previous LCA of microalgae to biofuel processes have overestimated GHG benefits of microalgae-based biofuels production by failing to include the effect of DLUC. Previous estimations of microalgae biofuel production potential have correspondingly overestimated the volume of biofuels that can be produced in compliance with U.S. environmental goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Quiroz Arita
- Mechanical Engineering, 1374 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA.
| | - Özge Yilmaz
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1372 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Semin Barlak
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1372 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kimberly B Catton
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1372 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jason C Quinn
- Mechanical Engineering, 1374 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
| | - Thomas H Bradley
- Mechanical Engineering, 1374 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
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Jena U, McCurdy AT, Warren A, Summers H, Ledbetter RN, Hoekman SK, Seefeldt LC, Quinn JC. Oleaginous yeast platform for producing biofuels via co-solvent hydrothermal liquefaction. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:167. [PMID: 26468320 PMCID: PMC4605089 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleaginous microorganisms are attractive feedstock for production of liquid biofuels. Direct hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an efficient route that converts whole, wet biomass into an energy-dense liquid fuel precursor, called 'biocrude'. HTL represents a promising alternative to conventional lipid extraction methods as it does not require a dry feedstock or additional steps for lipid extraction. However, high operating pressure in HTL can pose challenges in reactor sizing and overall operating costs. Through the use of co-solvents the HTL operating pressure can be reduced. The present study investigates low-temperature co-solvent HTL of oleaginous yeast, Cryptococcus curvatus, using laboratory batch reactors. RESULTS In this study, we report the co-solvent HTL of microbial yeast biomass in an isopropanol-water binary system in the presence or absence of Na2CO3 catalyst. This novel approach proved to be effective and resulted in significantly higher yield of biocrude (56.4 ± 0.1 %) than that of HTL performed without a co-solvent (49.1 ± 0.4 %)(p = 0.001). Addition of Na2CO3 as a catalyst marginally improved the biocrude yield. The energy content of the resulting biocrude (~37 MJ kg(-1)) was only slightly lower than that of petroleum crude (42 MJ kg(-1)). The HTL process was successful in removing carboxyl groups from fatty acids and creating their associated straight-chain alkanes (C17-C21). Experimental results were leveraged to inform techno-economic analysis (TEA) of the baseline HTL conversion pathway to evaluate the commercial feasibility of this process. TEA results showed a renewable diesel fuel price of $5.09 per gallon, with the HTL-processing step accounting for approximately 23 % of the total cost for the baseline pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the feasibility of co-solvent HTL of oleaginous yeast biomass in producing an energy-dense biocrude, and hence provides a platform for adding value to the current dairy industry. Co-solvents can be used to lower the HTL temperature and hence the operating pressure. This process results in a higher biocrude yield at a lower HTL temperature. A conceptual yeast HTL biofuel platform suggests the use of a dairy waste stream for increasing the productivity and sustainability of rural areas while providing a new feedstock (yeast) for generating biofuels.
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Fast Pyrolysis of Residues from Paper Mill Industry to Bio-oil and Value Chemicals: Optimization Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Algal biofuel production for fuels and feed in a 100-ha facility: A comprehensive techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Quinn JC, Davis R. The potentials and challenges of algae based biofuels: a review of the techno-economic, life cycle, and resource assessment modeling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:444-452. [PMID: 25453439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae biofuel production has been extensively evaluated through resource, economic and life cycle assessments. Resource assessments consistently identify land as non-limiting and highlight the need to consider siting based on combined geographical constraints of land and other critical resources such as water and carbon dioxide. Economic assessments report a selling cost of fuel that ranges between $1.64 and over $30 gal(-1) consistent with large variability reported in the life cycle literature, -75 to 534 gCO2-eq MJ(-1). Large drivers behind such variability stem from differences in productivity assumptions, pathway technologies, and system boundaries. Productivity represents foundational units in these assessments with current assumed yields in various assessments varying by a factor of 60. A review of the literature in these areas highlights the need for harmonized assessments such that direct comparisons of alternative processing technologies can be made on the metrics of resource requirements, economic feasibility, and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Quinn
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
| | - Ryan Davis
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
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Life Cycle Assessment of Biochar versus Metal Catalysts Used in Syngas Cleaning. ENERGIES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/en8010621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pre- and post-harvest treatment of macroalgae to improve the quality of feedstock for hydrothermal liquefaction. ALGAL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Life cycle assessment of algal biofuels: Influence of feedstock cultivation systems and conversion platforms. ALGAL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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