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Savić Gajić IM, Savić IM, Ivanovska AM, Vunduk JD, Mihalj IS, Svirčev ZB. Improvement of Alginate Extraction from Brown Seaweed ( Laminaria digitata L.) and Valorization of Its Remaining Ethanolic Fraction. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:280. [PMID: 38921591 PMCID: PMC11204654 DOI: 10.3390/md22060280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the conventional procedure of alginate isolation from the brown seaweed (Laminaria digitata L.) biomass and investigate the possibility of further valorization of the ethanolic fraction representing the byproduct after the degreasing and depigmentation of biomass. The acid treatment of biomass supported by ultrasound was modeled and optimized regarding the alginate yield using a response surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken design. A treatment time of 30 min, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 30 mL/g, and a treatment temperature of 47 °C were proposed as optimal conditions under which the alginate yield related to the mass of dry biomass was 30.9%. The use of ultrasonic radiation significantly reduced the time required for the acid treatment of biomass by about 4 to 24 times compared to other available conventional procedures. The isolated alginate had an M/G ratio of 1.08, which indicates a greater presence of M-blocks in its structure and the possibility of forming a soft and elastic hydrogel with its use. The chemical composition of the ethanolic fraction including total antioxidant content (293 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight), total flavonoid content (14.9 mg rutin equivalent/g dry weight), contents of macroelements (the highest content of sodium, 106.59 mg/g dry weight), and microelement content (the highest content of boron, 198.84 mg/g dry weight) was determined, and the identification of bioactive compounds was carried out. The results of ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of 48 compounds, of which 41 compounds were identified as sugar alcohol, phenolic compounds, and lipids. According to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, the radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic fraction (the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 42.84 ± 0.81 μg/mL) indicated its strong activity, which was almost the same as in the case of the positive control, synthetic antioxidant butylhydroxytoluene (the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 36.61 ± 0.79 μg/mL). Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus) were more sensitive to the ethanolic fraction compared to Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella sonnei). The obtained results indicated the possibility of the further use of the ethanolic fraction as a fertilizer for plant growth in different species and antifouling agents, applicable in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana M. Savić Gajić
- Faculty of Technology in Leskovac, University of Nis, Bulevar oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia;
| | - Ivan M. Savić
- Faculty of Technology in Leskovac, University of Nis, Bulevar oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra M. Ivanovska
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jovana D. Vunduk
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12/V, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivana S. Mihalj
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.S.M.); (Z.B.S.)
| | - Zorica B. Svirčev
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.S.M.); (Z.B.S.)
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
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2
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Sun Y, Li H, Ma X, Pu M, Zhang Y, Dong Z, He P, Zheng S. Purification and Screening of the Antialgal Activity of Seaweed Extracts and a New Glycolipid Derivative against Two Ichthyotoxic Red Tide Microalgae Amphidinium carterae and Karenia mikimotoi. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:279. [PMID: 38921590 PMCID: PMC11204501 DOI: 10.3390/md22060279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ichthyotoxic red tide is a problem that the world is facing and needs to solve. The use of antialgal compounds from marine macroalgae to suppress ichthyotoxic red tide is considered a promising biological control method. Antialgal substances were screened and isolated from Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gelidium amansii, Gloiopeltis furcate, Hizikia fusifarme, Laminaria japonica, Palmaria palmata, and Sargassum sp. to obtain new materials for the development of algaecides against ichthyotoxic red tide microalgae using bioactivity-guided isolation methods. The fractions of seven macroalgae exhibited selective inhibitory activities against Amphidinium carterae and Karenia mikimotoi, of which the ethyl acetate fractions had the strongest and broadest antialgal activities for the two tested red tide microalgae. Their inhibitory effects on A. carterae and K. mikimotoi were even stronger than that of potassium dichromate, such as ethyl acetate fractions of B. purpurea, H. fusifarme, and Sargassum sp. Thin-layer chromatography and ultraviolet spectroscopy were further carried out to screen the ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum sp. Finally, a new glycolipid derivative, 2-O-eicosanoyl-3-O-(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-glycerol, was isolated and identified from Sargassum sp., and it was isolated for the first time from marine macroalgae. The significant antialgal effects of 2-O-eicosanoyl-3-O-(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-glycerol on A. carterae and K. mikimotoi were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (Z.D.); (S.Z.)
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang 222005, China
- A Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (Z.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xiao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (Z.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Mengxuan Pu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (Z.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (Z.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zhuohan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (Z.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Peicong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (Z.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shiyan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (Z.D.); (S.Z.)
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang 222005, China
- A Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Sun Y, Mu Y, Li T, Wang S, Li Y, Liu J, Xing P. Extraction, Isolation and Biological Activity of Two Glycolipids from Bangia fusco-purpurea. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:144. [PMID: 38667761 PMCID: PMC11051132 DOI: 10.3390/md22040144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the extraction and activity of macroalge glycolipids, six macroalgae (Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gelidium amansii, Gloiopeltis furcata, Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, Gracilaria sp. and Pyropia yezoensis) glycolipids were extracted with five different solvents firstly. Considering the yield and glycolipids concentration of extracts, Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gracilaria sp. and Pyropia yezoensis were selected from six species of marine macroalgae as the raw materials for the extraction of glycolipids. The effects of the volume score of methanol, solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and ultrasonic power on the yield and glycolipids concentration of extracts of the above three macroalgae were analyzed through a series of single-factor experiments. By analyzing the antioxidant activity in vitro, moisture absorption and moisturizing activity, the extraction process of Bangia fusco-purpurea glycolipids was further optimized by response surface method to obtain suitable conditions for glycolipid extraction (solid-liquid ratio of 1:27 g/mL, extraction temperature of 48 °C, extraction time of 98 min and ultrasonic power of 450 W). Bangia fusco-purpurea extracts exhibited a certain scavenging effect on DPPH free radicals, as well as good moisture-absorption and moisture retaining activities. Two glycolipids were isolated from Bangia fusco-purpurea by liquid-liquid extraction, silica gel column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, and they showed good scavenging activities against DPPH free radicals and total antioxidant capacity. Their scavenging activities against DPPH free radicals were about 60% at 1600 µg/mL, and total antioxidant capacity was better than that of Trolox. Among them, the moisturizing activity of a glycolipid was close to that of sorbierite and sodium alginate. These two glycolipids exhibited big application potential as food humectants and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (T.L.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yang Mu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (T.L.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Tianhuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (T.L.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Siyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (T.L.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (T.L.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jie Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (T.L.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Piaopiao Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China (T.L.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
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Hegazi N, Khattab AR, Saad HH, Abib B, Farag MA. A multiplex metabolomic approach for quality control of Spirulina supplement and its allied microalgae (Amphora & Chlorella) assisted by chemometrics and molecular networking. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2809. [PMID: 38307932 PMCID: PMC10837195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae species are of economic importance regarded as "green gold" being rich in bioactive compounds. Spirulina and Chlorella are the most popular microalgal species and are marketed as healthy food supplements. At the same time, Amphora holds potential as a source of healthy lipids and essential fatty acids. Yet, there are considerable variations in their reported chemical composition, and less is known about their compositional differences. A multiplexed metabolomic approach was adopted for the quality control (QC) of Spirulina supplements and to compare its constitutive metabolome to Chlorella and Amphora. The adopted protocol comprised gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS/MS), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV/Vis) for mapping their primary and secondary metabolome. Interestingly, UPLC-HRMS/MS analysis delineated the abundance of fatty acids in Amphora versus glycolipids enrichment in Spirulina, and porphyrins were the main pigments identified in Spirulina, with scarce occurrence in Chlorella. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) analysis of GC-MS data set revealed palmitic acid, 3-mannobiose, and glyceryl-glycoside as being most enriched in Spirulina, versus sucrose and leucine in Chlorella and Amphora, respectively. Despite being of low discriminatory potential, UV/Vis OPLS-DA modeling showed that Spirulina was distinguished with the UV absorbances of carotenoids and chlorophyll pigments, as indicated by its OPLS-DA derived S-plot. Our study provides a QC approach for the analysis of the microalgal species and poses alternative spectral and compositional markers for their discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Hegazi
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amira R Khattab
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, 1029, Egypt
| | - Hamada H Saad
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bishoy Abib
- Chemistry Department, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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5
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Pirker T, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Bampali E, Bochkov V, Bauer R. Glycolipid-enriched fraction of Osmanthus fragrans inhibits LPS-induced expression of inflammatory genes, COX-2, E-selectin, and Interleukin-8. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116328. [PMID: 36870464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Osmanthus fragrans Lour. is a small ornamental tree native to the Southeastern parts of China. It is mainly cultivated because of its characteristic fragrance, and used in the food and perfume industry. Besides, its flowers are used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of diseases including those related to inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to investigate in more detail the anti-inflammatory properties of O. fragrans flowers, and to characterize their active principles and mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS O. fragrans flowers were successively extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The extracts were further fractionated by chromatographic separation. COX-2 mRNA expression in PMA-differentiated, LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells was used as lead assay for activity-guided fractionation. The most potent fraction was chemically analyzed by LC-HRMS. The pharmacological activity was also evaluated in other inflammation-related in-vitro models, such as analysis of IL-8 secretion and E-selectin expression in HUVECtert cells and selective inhibition of COX-isoenzymes. RESULTS n-Hexane and dichloromethane extracts of O. fragrans flowers significantly inhibited COX-2 (PTGS2) mRNA expression. Additionally, both extracts inhibited COX-2 enzyme activity, whereas COX-1 enzyme activity was affected to a significantly lower extent. Fractionation of the extracts led to a highly active, glycolipid-containing fraction. In total, 10 glycolipids were tentatively annotated by LC-HRMS. This fraction also inhibited LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression, IL-8 secretion and E-selectin expression. The effects were limited to LPS-induced inflammation and not observed when inflammatory genes were induced by TNF-α, IL-1β or FSL-1. Since all these inducers of inflammation act via different receptors, it is likely that the fraction interferes with the binding of LPS to the TLR4-receptor, which mediates pro-inflammatory effects of LPS. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory potential of O. fragrans flower extracts in general, and of the glycolipid-enriched fraction in particular. The effects of glycolipid-enriched fraction are potentially mediated via the inhibition of the TLR4 receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pirker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Evangelia Bampali
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Valery Bochkov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Humboldtstraße 46/III, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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6
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Bailoni E, Partipilo M, Coenradij J, Grundel DAJ, Slotboom DJ, Poolman B. Minimal Out-of-Equilibrium Metabolism for Synthetic Cells: A Membrane Perspective. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:922-946. [PMID: 37027340 PMCID: PMC10127287 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Life-like systems need to maintain a basal metabolism, which includes importing a variety of building blocks required for macromolecule synthesis, exporting dead-end products, and recycling cofactors and metabolic intermediates, while maintaining steady internal physical and chemical conditions (physicochemical homeostasis). A compartment, such as a unilamellar vesicle, functionalized with membrane-embedded transport proteins and metabolic enzymes encapsulated in the lumen meets these requirements. Here, we identify four modules designed for a minimal metabolism in a synthetic cell with a lipid bilayer boundary: energy provision and conversion, physicochemical homeostasis, metabolite transport, and membrane expansion. We review design strategies that can be used to fulfill these functions with a focus on the lipid and membrane protein composition of a cell. We compare our bottom-up design with the equivalent essential modules of JCVI-syn3a, a top-down genome-minimized living cell with a size comparable to that of large unilamellar vesicles. Finally, we discuss the bottlenecks related to the insertion of a complex mixture of membrane proteins into lipid bilayers and provide a semiquantitative estimate of the relative surface area and lipid-to-protein mass ratios (i.e., the minimal number of membrane proteins) that are required for the construction of a synthetic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bailoni
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular
Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Partipilo
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular
Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer Coenradij
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular
Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe A. J. Grundel
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular
Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Slotboom
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular
Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Poolman
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular
Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Maurício T, Couto D, Lopes D, Conde T, Pais R, Batista J, Melo T, Pinho M, Moreira ASP, Trovão M, Barros A, Cardoso H, Silva J, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Differences and Similarities in Lipid Composition, Nutritional Value, and Bioactive Potential of Four Edible Chlorella vulgaris Strains. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081625. [PMID: 37107420 PMCID: PMC10137388 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The microalga Chlorella vulgaris is a popular food ingredient widely used in the industry, with an increasing market size and value. Currently, several edible strains of C. vulgaris with different organoleptic characteristics are commercialized to meet consumer needs. This study aimed to compare the fatty acid (FA) and lipid profile of four commercialized strains of C. vulgaris (C-Auto, C-Hetero, C-Honey, and C-White) using gas- and liquid-chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry approaches, and to evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Results showed that C-Auto had a higher lipid content compared to the other strains and higher levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs). However, the C-Hetero, C-Honey, and C-White strains had higher levels of omega-6 PUFAs. The lipidome signature was also different between strains, as C-Auto had a higher content of polar lipids esterified to omega-3 PUFAs, while C-White had a higher content of phospholipids with omega-6 PUFAs. C-Hetero and C-Honey showed a higher content of triacylglycerols. All extracts showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, highlighting C-Auto with greater potential. Overall, the four strains of C. vulgaris can be selectively chosen as a source of added-value lipids to be used as ingredients in food and nutraceutical applications for different market needs and nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Maurício
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Couto
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Lopes
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiago Conde
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Pais
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Batista
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marisa Pinho
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana S P Moreira
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Trovão
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Ana Barros
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Helena Cardoso
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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8
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Perez-Vazquez A, Carpena M, Barciela P, Cassani L, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. Pressurized Liquid Extraction for the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Seaweeds for Food Industry Application: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030612. [PMID: 36978860 PMCID: PMC10045370 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are an underutilized food in the Western world, but they are widely consumed in Asia, with China being the world’s larger producer. Seaweeds have gained attention in the food industry in recent years because of their composition, which includes polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, dietary fiber, and various bioactive compounds such as vitamins, essential minerals, phenolic compounds, and pigments. Extraction techniques, ranging from more traditional techniques such as maceration to novel technologies, are required to obtain these components. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is a green technique that uses high temperatures and pressure applied in conjunction with a solvent to extract components from a solid matrix. To improve the efficiency of this technique, different parameters such as the solvent, temperature, pressure, extraction time and number of cycles should be carefully optimized. It is important to note that PLE conditions allow for the extraction of target analytes in a short-time period while using less solvent and maintaining a high yield. Moreover, the combination of PLE with other techniques has been already applied to extract compounds from different matrices, including seaweeds. In this way, the combination of PLE-SFE-CO2 seems to be the best option considering both the higher yields obtained and the economic feasibility of a scaling-up approximation. In addition, the food industry is interested in incorporating the compounds extracted from edible seaweeds into food packaging (including edible coating, bioplastics and bio-nanocomposites incorporated into bioplastics), food products and animal feed to improve their nutritional profile and technological properties. This review attempts to compile and analyze the current data available regarding the application of PLE in seaweeds to determine the use of this extraction technique as a method to obtain active compounds of interest for food industry application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Perez-Vazquez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Paula Barciela
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Lucia Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
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9
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Song Y, Wang H, Wang X, Wang X, Cong P, Xu J, Xue C. Comparative Lipidomics Study of Four Edible Red Seaweeds Based on RPLC-Q-TOF. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2183-2196. [PMID: 36669856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Red seaweeds (Rhodophyta) are becoming increasingly important as a food and medicine source in blue biotechnology applications such as functional foods, feeds, and pharmaceuticals. Compared to fatty acid composition and sterols, the lipidome in red seaweeds is still in an early disclosure stage. In this study, the lipidomes of four red seaweeds (Gracilaria sjoestedtii, Gracilaria verrucosa, Gelidium amansii, and Chondrus ocellatus) collected from the coastal area in north China were characterized using reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RPLC-Q-TOF). Hundreds of lipid molecular species including glycolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerolipids, and betaine lipids were identified and quantified. Novel lipids with unique molecular structures such as glucuronosyldiacylglycerols (GlcADG), head-group acylated GlcADG (acGlcADG), and hexose-inositol-phosphoceramides (Hex-IPC) were discovered in red seaweeds for the first time, greatly expanding our knowledge on glycolipids and sphingolipids in seaweeds. Glycolipids were the dominant components (45.6-67.7% of total lipids) with a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) including arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), indicating the potential nutritional value of the four red seaweeds. The investigated red seaweeds showed a distinctive sphingolipid profile with the t18:1 being the predominant LCB in Cer (41.1-71.5%) and HexCer (91.3-97.9%) except for Gelidium amansii, which had the highest proportion of t18:0. Comparison of lipid profiles among the four red seaweeds revealed that AA- and EPA-glycolipids are good lipid markers for the differentiation of red seaweed samples. The AA proportion in glycolipids of Gracilaria genus was much higher than Gelidium genus and Chondrus genus. This study acquired comprehensive lipid profiles from four red seaweeds, revealing the uniqueness of natural biochemical fingerprints of red seaweeds and further promoting their utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Haitang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xincen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
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10
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Nutritional lipidomics for the characterization of lipids in food. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023. [PMID: 37516469 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipids represent one out of three major macronutrient classes in the human diet. It is estimated to account for about 15-20% of the total dietary intake. Triacylglycerides comprise the majority of them, estimated 90-95%. Other lipid classes include free fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, and plant sterols as minor components. Various methods are used for the characterization of nutritional lipids, however, lipidomics approaches become increasingly attractive for this purpose due to their wide coverage, comprehensiveness and holistic view on composition. In this chapter, analytical methodologies and workflows utilized for lipidomics profiling of food samples are outlined with focus on mass spectrometry-based assays. The chapter describes common lipid extraction protocols, the distinct instrumental mass-spectrometry based analytical platforms for data acquisition, chromatographic and ion-mobility spectrometry methods for lipid separation, briefly mentions alternative methods such as gas chromatography for fatty acid profiling and mass spectrometry imaging. Critical issues of important steps of lipidomics workflows such as structural annotation and identification, quantification and quality assurance are discussed as well. Applications reported over the period of the last 5years are summarized covering the discovery of new lipids in foodstuff, differential profiling approaches for comparing samples from different origin, species, varieties, cultivars and breeds, and for food processing quality control. Lipidomics as a powerful tool for personalized nutrition and nutritional intervention studies is briefly discussed as well. It is expected that this field is significantly growing in the near future and this chapter gives a short insight into the power of nutritional lipidomics approaches.
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11
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Song Y, Hu Z, Xiong Z, Li S, Liu W, Tian T, Yang X. Comparative transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses indicate that cold stress enhanced the production of the long C18–C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Aurantiochytrium sp. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:915773. [PMID: 36204624 PMCID: PMC9530390 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.915773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurantiochytrium sp. belonging to Thraustochytrids are known for their capacity to produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). However, effects of cold stress accompanied with staged-temperature control on the fatty acid metabolism in Aurantiochytrium sp. were rarely studied. In this study, cold stress (15°C, 5°C) was applied for Aurantiochytrium sp., with the physiological responses (morphology, growth, fatty acid profiling) and gene expression related FA synthesis, lipid metabolism, and regulatory processes was observed. Results showed that there is a significant change for the lipid types under 5°C (251 species) and 15°C (97 species) treatment. The 5°C treatment was benefit for the C18–C22 PUFAs with the yield of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increased to 1.25 times. After incubation at 15°C, the accumulation of eicosadienoic acid (EA) (20:2) was increased to 2.00-fold. Based on transcriptomic and qPCR analysis, an increase in genes involved in fatty acid synthase (FAS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) pathways was observed under low-temperature treatment. With upregulation of 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (2.44-fold), ketoreductase (2.50-fold), and dTDP-glucose 4,6-Dehydratase (rfbB) (2.31-fold) involved in PKS pathway, the accumulation of DHA was enhanced under 5°C. While, FAS and fatty elongase 3 (ELO) involved in the FAS pathway were upregulated (1.55-fold and 2.45-fold, respectively) to accumulate PUFAs at 15°C. Additionally, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LPAT), phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP), phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS), and phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD) involved in glycerophospholipid biosynthesis were upregulated at 5°C increasing the accumulation of phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylinositol (PI). However, glycolysis and the TCA cycle were inhibited under 5°C. This study provides a contribution to the application of two-staged temperature control in the Aurantiochytrium sp. fermentation for producing cold stress-enhancing PUFAs, in order to better understand the function of the key genes for future genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Song
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Xiong
- Shenzhen Institute of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Shenzhen Institute of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xuewei Yang,
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12
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Banskota AH, Jones A, Hui JPM, Stefanova R, Burton IW. Analysis of Polar Lipids in Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) By-Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185856. [PMID: 36144592 PMCID: PMC9503808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar lipids were extracted from residual biomass of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by-products with EtOH and partitioned into aqueous and chloroform fractions. The chloroform fractions were studied for their lipid composition using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by UHPLC/HRMS and NMR analyses. The 1H NMR and gravimetric yield of SPE indicated triacylglycerols covered ≥ 51.3% of the chloroform fraction of hemp seed hulls and hemp cake. UHPLC/HRMS analyses of remaining polar lipids led to the identification of nine diacylglycerols (DAGs), six lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), five lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs), eight phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and thirteen phosphatidylcholines (PCs) for the first time from hemp seed hulls. The regiospecificity of fatty acyl substitutes in glycerol backbone of individual phospholipids were assigned by analyzing the diagnostic fragment ions and their intensities. The heat-map analysis suggested that DAG 18:2/18:2, 1-LPC 18:2, 1-LPE 18:2, PE 18:2/18:2, and PC 18:2/18:2 were the predominant molecules within their classes, supported by the fact that linoleic acid was the major fatty acid covering > 41.1% of the total fatty acids determined by GC-FID analysis. The 31P NMR analysis confirmed the identification of phospholipids and suggested PC covers ≥ 37.9% of the total phospholipid present in hemp by-products. HPLC purification led to the isolation of 1,2-dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine and 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine. These two major PCs further confirmed the UHPLC/HRMS finding.
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13
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Couto D, Conde TA, Melo T, Neves B, Costa M, Cunha P, Guerra I, Correia N, Silva JT, Pereira H, Varela J, Silva J, Domingues R, Domingues P. Effects of outdoor and indoor cultivation on the polar lipid composition and antioxidant activity of Nannochloropsis oceanica and Nannochloropsis limnetica: A lipidomics perspective. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Oishi Y, Otaki R, Iijima Y, Kumagai E, Aoki M, Tsuzuki M, Fujiwara S, Sato N. Diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine-dependent lipid remodeling in a green alga, Chlorella kessleri. Commun Biol 2022; 5:19. [PMID: 35017659 PMCID: PMC8752610 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane lipid remodeling contributes to the environmental acclimation of plants. In the green lineage, a betaine lipid, diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS), is included exclusively among green algae and nonflowering plants. Here, we show that the green alga Chlorella kessleri synthesizes DGTS under phosphorus-deficient conditions through the eukaryotic pathway via the ER. Simultaneously, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, which are similar to DGTS in their zwitterionic properties, are almost completely degraded to release 18.1% cellular phosphorus, and to provide diacylglycerol moieties for a part of DGTS synthesis. This lipid remodeling system that substitutes DGTS for extrachloroplast phospholipids to lower the P-quota operates through the expression induction of the BTA1 gene. Investigation of this lipid remodeling system is necessary in a wide range of lower green plants for a comprehensive understanding of their phosphorus deficiency acclimation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Oishi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Rie Otaki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yukari Iijima
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Eri Kumagai
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Motohide Aoki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mikio Tsuzuki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shoko Fujiwara
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sato
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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15
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Lopes D, Rey F, Leal MC, Lillebø AI, Calado R, Domingues MR. Bioactivities of Lipid Extracts and Complex Lipids from Seaweeds: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:686. [PMID: 34940685 PMCID: PMC8708724 DOI: 10.3390/md19120686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While complex lipids of seaweeds are known to display important phytochemical properties, their full potential is yet to be explored. This review summarizes the findings of a systematic survey of scientific publications spanning over the years 2000 to January 2021 retrieved from Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases to map the state of the art and identify knowledge gaps on the relationship between the complex lipids of seaweeds and their reported bioactivities. Eligible publications (270 in total) were classified in five categories according to the type of studies using seaweeds as raw biomass (category 1); studies using organic extracts (category 2); studies using organic extracts with identified complex lipids (category 3); studies of extracts enriched in isolated groups or classes of complex lipids (category 4); and studies of isolated complex lipids molecular species (category 5), organized by seaweed phyla and reported bioactivities. Studies that identified the molecular composition of these bioactive compounds in detail (29 in total) were selected and described according to their bioactivities (antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and others). Overall, to date, the value for seaweeds in terms of health and wellness effects were found to be mostly based on empirical knowledge. Although lipids from seaweeds are little explored, the published work showed the potential of lipid extracts, fractions, and complex lipids from seaweeds as functional ingredients for the food and feed, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. This knowledge will boost the use of the chemical diversity of seaweeds for innovative value-added products and new biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lopes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (F.R.)
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Felisa Rey
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (F.R.)
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel C. Leal
- ECOMARE, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.L.); (A.I.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Ana I. Lillebø
- ECOMARE, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.L.); (A.I.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.L.); (A.I.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (F.R.)
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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16
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Montero O, Velasco M, Miñón J, Marks EAN, Sanz-Arranz A, Rad C. Differential Membrane Lipid Profiles and Vibrational Spectra of Three Edaphic Algae and One Cyanobacterium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11277. [PMID: 34681936 PMCID: PMC8538821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane glycerolipids of four phototrophs that were isolated from an edaphic assemblage were determined by UPLC-MS after cultivation in a laboratory growth chamber. Identification was carried out by 18S and 16S rDNA sequencing. The algal species were Klebsormidium flaccidum (Charophyta), Oocystis sp. (Chlorophyta), and Haslea spicula (Bacillariophyta), and the cyanobacterium was Microcoleus vaginatus (Cyanobacteria). The glycerolipid profile of Oocystis sp. was dominated by monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) species, with MGDG(18:3/16:4) accounting for 68.6%, whereas MGDG(18:3/16:3) was the most abundant glycerolipid in K. flaccidum (50.1%). A ratio of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) species to MGDG species (DGDG/MGDG) was shown to be higher in K. flaccidum (0.26) than in Oocystis sp. (0.14). This ratio increased under high light (HL) as compared to low light (LL) in all the organisms, with its highest value being shown in cyanobacterium (0.38-0.58, LL-HL). High contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and hexadecenoic acid were observed in the glycerolipids of H. spicula. Similar Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra were found for K. flaccidum and Oocystis sp. Specific bands at 1629.06 and 1582.78 cm-1 were shown by M. vaginatus in the Raman spectra. Conversely, specific bands in the FTIR spectrum were observed for H. spicula at 1143 and 1744 cm-1. The results of this study point out differences in the membrane lipid composition between species, which likely reflects their different morphology and evolutionary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpio Montero
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Sanz y Forés Str. 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Marta Velasco
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Sanz y Forés Str. 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Miñón
- Composting Research Group UBUCOMP, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Evan A. N. Marks
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic-University of Central Catalonia, Edifici Can Baumann, Crta. de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain;
| | - Aurelio Sanz-Arranz
- Department of Fisica de la Materia Condensada, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Carlos Rad
- Composting Research Group UBUCOMP, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.M.); (C.R.)
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17
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Screening for Health-Promoting Fatty Acids in Ascidians and Seaweeds Grown under the Influence of Fish Farming Activities. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080469. [PMID: 34436308 PMCID: PMC8400344 DOI: 10.3390/md19080469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to contrast the fatty acid (FA) profile of ascidians (Ascidiacea) and seaweeds (sea lettuce, Ulva spp. and bladderwrack, Fucus sp.) occurring in a coastal lagoon with versus without the influence of organic-rich effluents from fish farming activities. Our results revealed that ascidians and seaweeds from these contrasting environments displayed significant differences in their FA profiles. The n-3/n-6 ratio of Ascidiacea was lower under the influence of fish farming conditions, likely a consequence of the growing level of terrestrial-based ingredients rich on n-6 FA used in the formulation of aquafeeds. Unsurprisingly, these specimens also displayed significantly higher levels of 18:1(n-7+n-9) and 18:2n-6, as these combined accounted for more than 50% of the total pool of FAs present in formulated aquafeeds. The dissimilarities recorded in the FAs of seaweeds from these different environments were less marked (≈5%), with these being more pronounced in the FA classes of the brown seaweed Fucus sp. (namely PUFA). Overall, even under the influence of organic-rich effluents from fish farming activities, ascidians and seaweeds are a valuable source of health-promoting FAs, which confirms their potential for sustainable farming practices, such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture.
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18
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da Costa E, Melo T, Reis M, Domingues P, Calado R, Abreu MH, Domingues MR. Polar Lipids Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Atlantic Red Seaweed Grateloupia turuturu. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080414. [PMID: 34436254 PMCID: PMC8401436 DOI: 10.3390/md19080414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grateloupia turuturu Yamada, 1941, is a red seaweed widely used for food in Japan and Korea which was recorded on the Atlantic Coast of Europe about twenty years ago. This seaweed presents eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in its lipid fraction, a feature that sparked the interest on its potential applications. In seaweeds, PUFAs are mostly esterified to polar lipids, emerging as healthy phytochemicals. However, to date, these biomolecules are still unknown for G. turuturu. The present work aimed to identify the polar lipid profile of G. turuturu, using modern lipidomics approaches based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The health benefits of polar lipids were identified by health lipid indices and the assessment of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The polar lipids profile identified from G. turuturu included 205 lipid species distributed over glycolipids, phospholipids, betaine lipids and phosphosphingolipids, which featured a high number of lipid species with EPA and PUFAs. The nutritional value of G. turuturu has been shown by its protein content, fatty acyl composition and health lipid indices, thus confirming G. turuturu as an alternative source of protein and lipids. Some of the lipid species assigned were associated to biological activity, as polar lipid extracts showed antioxidant activity evidenced by free radical scavenging potential for the 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS●+) radical (IC50 ca. 130.4 μg mL-1) and for the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●) radical (IC25 ca. 129.1 μg mL-1) and anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme (IC50 ca. 33 µg mL-1). Both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were detected using a low concentration of extracts. This integrative approach contributes to increase the knowledge of G. turuturu as a species capable of providing nutrients and bioactive molecules with potential applications in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete da Costa
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (M.R.D.)
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234-370-696
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (M.R.D.)
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana Reis
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (M.R.D.)
- ALGAplus—Production and Trading of Seaweed and Derived Products Lda., 3830-196 Ilhavo, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (M.R.D.)
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Maria Helena Abreu
- ALGAplus—Production and Trading of Seaweed and Derived Products Lda., 3830-196 Ilhavo, Portugal;
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (M.R.D.)
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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19
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Jorissen H, Galand PE, Bonnard I, Meiling S, Raviglione D, Meistertzheim AL, Hédouin L, Banaigs B, Payri CE, Nugues MM. Coral larval settlement preferences linked to crustose coralline algae with distinct chemical and microbial signatures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14610. [PMID: 34272460 PMCID: PMC8285400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The resilience of coral reefs is dependent on the ability of corals to settle after disturbances. While crustose coralline algae (CCA) are considered important substrates for coral settlement, it remains unclear whether coral larvae respond to CCA metabolites and microbial cues when selecting sites for attachment and metamorphosis. This study tested the settlement preferences of an abundant coral species (Acropora cytherea) against six different CCA species from three habitats (exposed, subcryptic and cryptic), and compared these preferences with the metabolome and microbiome characterizing the CCA. While all CCA species induced settlement, only one species (Titanoderma prototypum) significantly promoted settlement on the CCA surface, rather than on nearby dead coral or plastic surfaces. This species had a very distinct bacterial community and metabolomic fingerprint. Furthermore, coral settlement rates and the CCA microbiome and metabolome were specific to the CCA preferred habitat, suggesting that microbes and/or chemicals serve as environmental indicators for coral larvae. Several amplicon sequence variants and two lipid classes—glycoglycerolipids and betaine lipids—present in T. prototypum were identified as potential omic cues influencing coral settlement. These results support that the distinct microbiome and metabolome of T. prototypum may promote the settlement and attachment of coral larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrikje Jorissen
- CRIOBE USR 3278, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS-PSL, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France.
| | - Pierre E Galand
- CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, LECOB, Sorbonne Université, 66500, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Isabelle Bonnard
- CRIOBE USR 3278, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS-PSL, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence « CORAIL», 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Sonora Meiling
- CRIOBE USR 3278, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS-PSL, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France.,University of the Virgin Islands, St Thomas, 00802-6004, Virgin Islands (U.S.)
| | - Delphine Raviglione
- CRIOBE USR 3278, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS-PSL, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Leila Meistertzheim
- CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, LECOB, Sorbonne Université, 66500, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.,Plastic@Sea, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Laetitia Hédouin
- CRIOBE USR 3278, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS-PSL, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence « CORAIL», 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Bernard Banaigs
- CRIOBE USR 3278, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS-PSL, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence « CORAIL», 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | | | - Maggy M Nugues
- CRIOBE USR 3278, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS-PSL, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence « CORAIL», 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
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20
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Jerónimo D, Lillebø AI, Maciel E, Domingues MRM, Cremades J, Calado R. Unravelling the fatty acid profiles of different polychaete species cultured under integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). Sci Rep 2021; 11:10812. [PMID: 34031455 PMCID: PMC8144190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychaetes can be successfully employed to recover otherwise wasted nutrients present in particulate organic matter (POM) of aquaculture effluents. The present study describes the fatty acid (FA) profile of four different polychaete species cultured in sand filters supplied with effluent water from a marine fish farm. The FA profile of cultured and wild Hediste diversicolor was compared and revealed a ≈ 24.2% dissimilarity, with cultured biomass displaying a higher content in two essential n-3 highly unsaturated FA (HUFA) (EPA [20:5 n-3] and DHA [22:6 n-3]—eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, respectively). The comparison of the FA profile of cultured H. diversicolor with that of other polychaete species whose larvae successfully settled on the sand filters (Diopatra neapolitana, Sabella cf. pavonina and Terebella lapidaria) revealed that their FA profile, which is here described for the first time, displayed high levels of EPA and DHA (≈ 1.5–4.8 and 1.0–1.1 µg mg−1 DW, respectively). The highest concentration of total FA per biomass of polychaete was recorded in H. diversicolor and T. lapidaria, with both species being the ones whose FA profiles revealed a lowest level of dissimilarity and more closely resembled that of the aquafeed used in the fish farm. In the present work it was demonstrated that it is possible to produce polychaetes biomass with high nutritional value through an eco-design concept such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). Indeed, this framework promotes a cleaner production and, in this specific case, allowed to recover essential fatty acids that are commonly wasted in aquaculture effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jerónimo
- ECOMARE & CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Isabel Lillebø
- ECOMARE & CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Maciel
- ECOMARE & CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.,Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, LAQV REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário M Domingues
- ECOMARE & CESAM & Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.,Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, LAQV REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Javier Cremades
- Coastal Biology Research Group (BioCost), Facultad de Ciencias & CICA, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE & CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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21
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Lopes D, Melo T, Rey F, Costa E, Moreira AS, Abreu MH, Domingues P, Lillebø AI, Calado R, Rosário Domingues M. Insights of species-specific polar lipidome signatures of seaweeds fostering their valorization in the blue bioeconomy. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Chang M, Zhang T, Li L, Lou F, Ma M, Liu R, Jin Q, Wang X. Choreography of multiple omics reveals the mechanism of lipid turnover in Schizochytrium sp. S31. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Moreno MJ, Teles Martins PA, Bernardino EF, Abel B, Ambudkar SV. Characterization of the Lipidome and Biophysical Properties of Membranes from High Five Insect Cells Expressing Mouse P-Glycoprotein. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030426. [PMID: 33799403 PMCID: PMC8001469 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid composition of biomembranes influences the properties of the lipid bilayer and that of the proteins. In this study, the lipidome and the lipid/protein ratio of membranes from High Five™ insect cells overexpressing mouse P-glycoprotein was characterized. This provides a better understanding of the lipid environment in which P-glycoprotein is embedded, and thus of its functional and structural properties. The relative abundance of the distinct phospholipid classes and their acyl chain composition was characterized. A mass ratio of 0.57 ± 0.11 phospholipids to protein was obtained. Phosphatidylethanolamines are the most abundant phospholipids, followed by phosphatidylcholines. Membranes are also enriched in negatively charged lipids (phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylglycerols), and contain small amounts of sphingomyelins, ceramides and monoglycosilatedceramides. The most abundant acyl chains are monounsaturated, with significant amounts of saturated chains. The characterization of the phospholipids by HPLC-MS allowed identification of the combination of acyl chains, with palmitoyl-oleoyl being the most representative for all major phospholipid classes except for phosphatidylserines, which are mostly saturated. A mixture of POPE:POPC:POPS in the ratio 45:35:20 is proposed for the preparation of simple representative model membranes. The adequacy of the model membranes was further evaluated by characterizing their surface potential and fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Moreno
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Chemistry Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.A.T.M.); (E.F.B.)
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Eva F. Bernardino
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Chemistry Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.A.T.M.); (E.F.B.)
| | - Biebele Abel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.A.); (S.V.A.)
| | - Suresh V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.A.); (S.V.A.)
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24
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Chemoplasticity of the polar lipid profile of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris grown under heterotrophic and autotrophic conditions. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Conde TA, Couto D, Melo T, Costa M, Silva J, Domingues MR, Domingues P. Polar lipidomic profile shows Chlorococcum amblystomatis as a promising source of value-added lipids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4355. [PMID: 33623097 PMCID: PMC7902829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing trend to explore microalgae as an alternative resource for the food, feed, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and fuel industry. Moreover, the polar lipidome of microalgae is interesting because of the reports of bioactive polar lipids which could foster new applications for microalgae. In this work, we identified for the first time the Chlorococcum amblystomatis lipidome using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-high resolution electrospray ionization- tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-HR-ESI-MS/MS). The Chlorococcum amblystomatis strain had a lipid content of 20.77% and the fatty acid profile, determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, has shown that this microalga contains high amounts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The lipidome identified included 245 molecular ions and 350 lipid species comprising 15 different classes of glycolipids (6), phospholipids (7) and betaine lipids (2). Of these, 157 lipid species and the main lipid species of each class were esterified with omega-3 PUFAs. The lipid extract has shown antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory potential. Lipid extracts also had low values of atherogenic (0.54) and thrombogenic index (0.27). In conclusion, the lipid extracts of Chlorococcum amblystomatis have been found to be a source of lipids rich in omega-3 PUFAs for of great value for the food, feed, cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago A. Conde
- grid.7311.40000000123236065Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Couto
- grid.7311.40000000123236065Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal ,grid.7311.40000000123236065Department of Chemistry, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- grid.7311.40000000123236065Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal ,grid.7311.40000000123236065Department of Chemistry, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Costa
- R&D Department, Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., Rua 25 de Abril 19, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- R&D Department, Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., Rua 25 de Abril 19, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal
| | - M. Rosário Domingues
- grid.7311.40000000123236065Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal ,grid.7311.40000000123236065Department of Chemistry, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- grid.7311.40000000123236065Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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26
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Abstract
Lobophora sp., belonging to brown macro algae phylum, is found in coral reefs. In this study, the fatty acid composition, lipid classes, polar lipid molecular forms, and bioactivities of this algae have been determined. It follows that five classes including polar lipid (Pol), sterol (ST), free fatty acids (FFA), triacylglycerol (TAG), and hydrocarbon and wax (HW), 23 fatty acids containing 5 PUFAs (ALA, GLA, AA, EPA, and DHA) and 157 molecular types of polar lipid group containing 48 phospholipid molecular forms belonging to 4 subclasses (PI (11), PC (14), PG (22), PA (1)), 45 glycolipid molecular forms classified into 3 subclasses of MGDG (8), DGDG (1), SQDG (36), and 64 betaine lipid molecular forms belonging to 2 subclasses (DGTA (37), DGTS (27)) have been identified for the first time from this algae. Furthermore, both polar lipid (PL) and unpolar lipid (UPL) show the NO inhibition activities with values of IC50 ranging from 52.10 to 66.21 µg/mL. Thus, lipid of this brown algae could promise to be a potential source for application in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutic industry.
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27
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The Polar Lipidome of Cultured Emiliania huxleyi: A Source of Bioactive Lipids with Relevance for Biotechnological Applications. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101434. [PMID: 33053668 PMCID: PMC7650762 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar lipids from microalgae have aroused greater interest as a natural source of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), an alternative to fish, but also as bioactive compounds with multiple applications. The present study aims to characterize the polar lipid profile of cultured microalga Emiliania huxleyi using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HILIC–MS) and fatty acids (FA) analysis by gas chromatography (GC–MS). The lipidome of E. huxleyi revealed the presence of distinct n-3 PUFA (40% of total FA), namely docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and stearidonic acid (18:4n-3), which give this microalga an increased commercial value as a source of n-3 PUFA present in the form of polar lipids. A total of 134 species of polar lipids were identified and some of these species, particularly glycolipids, have already been reported for their bioactive properties. Among betaine lipids, the diacylglyceryl carboxyhydroxymethylcholine (DGCC) class is the least reported in microalgae. For the first time, monomethylphosphatidylethanolamine (MMPE) has been found in the lipidome of E. huxleyi. Overall, this study highlights the potential of E. huxleyi as a sustainable source of high-value polar lipids that can be exploited for different applications, namely human and animal nutrition, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
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28
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Lopes D, Melo T, Rey F, Meneses J, Monteiro FL, Helguero LA, Abreu MH, Lillebø AI, Calado R, Domingues MR. Valuing Bioactive Lipids from Green, Red and Brown Macroalgae from Aquaculture, to Foster Functionality and Biotechnological Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E3883. [PMID: 32858862 PMCID: PMC7504498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine edible macroalgae have functional proprieties that might improve human health and wellbeing. Lipids represent a minor fraction of macroalgae, yet with major interest as main carriers of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and intrinsic bioactive properties. In this study, we used lipid extracts from the green macroalgae Ulva rigida and Codium tomentosum; the red Gracilaria gracilis,Palmaria palmata and Porphyra dioica; and the brown Fucus vesiculosus, produced in a land-based integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) system. We determined the lipid quality indices based on their fatty acid profiles and their bioactivities as putative antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative agents. The results reveal to be species-specific, namely U. rigida displayed the lowest atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices. Palmaria palmata and F. vesiculosus lipid extracts displayed the lowest inhibitory concentration in the free radical scavenging antioxidant assays. Ulva rigida, C. tomentosum, P. palmata and P. dioica inhibited COX-2 activity by up to 80%, while P. dioica and P. palmata extracts showed the highest cytotoxic potential in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. This work enhances the valorization of macroalgae as functional foods and promising ingredients for sustainable and healthy diets and fosters new applications of high-valued algal biomass, in a species-specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lopes
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (F.R.); (J.M.)
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, ECOMARE, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.I.L.); (R.C.)
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (F.R.); (J.M.)
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Felisa Rey
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (F.R.); (J.M.)
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Meneses
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (F.R.); (J.M.)
| | - Fátima Liliana Monteiro
- iBIMED-Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.L.M.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Luisa A. Helguero
- iBIMED-Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.L.M.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Maria Helena Abreu
- ALGAplus-Production and Trading of Seaweeds and Derived Products Lda., 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal;
| | - Ana Isabel Lillebø
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, ECOMARE, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.I.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Ricardo Calado
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, ECOMARE, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.I.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (F.R.); (J.M.)
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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29
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Unraveling the Lipidome and Antioxidant Activity of Native Bifurcaria bifurcata and Invasive Sargassum muticum Seaweeds: A Lipid Perspective on How Systemic Intrusion May Present an Opportunity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070642. [PMID: 32708304 PMCID: PMC7420230 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown seaweeds are known to present components with appealing bioactive properties eliciting great interest for industrial applications. However, their lipid content is generally disregarded beyond their fatty acid (FA) composition. This study thoroughly characterized the lipid profile of two brown seaweeds collected from Portuguese coast, the native Bifurcaria bifurcata and the invasive Sargassum muticum species, and bioprospecting for antioxidant activity. An integrated state-of-the-art approach including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC–ESI-MS/MS), allowed a comprehensive picture of FA and polar lipid content. Polar lipid profile of B. bifurcata and S. muticum included 143 and 217 lipid species respectively, distributed between glycolipids, phospholipids, and betaine lipids. Some of the lipid species found have been assigned biological activity and contain of n-3 and n-6 FA. Sargassum muticum presented the highest n-3 FA content. Low concentrations of extracts of both seaweeds displayed antioxidant activity, with S. muticum presenting more promising results. These findings contribute to the nutritional and industrial exploitation of both seaweeds, highlighting their relevance as viable sources of bioactive and added-value compounds. Sargassum muticum presented interesting lipid composition and bioactivity, which may represent an accessible opportunity for the exploitation of this invasive seaweed, especially taking advantage of Sargassum blooms.
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30
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Alves E, Simoes A, Domingues MR. Fruit seeds and their oils as promising sources of value-added lipids from agro-industrial byproducts: oil content, lipid composition, lipid analysis, biological activity and potential biotechnological applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1305-1339. [PMID: 32393054 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1757617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of tons of fruit seeds are discarded every year worldwide as agro-industrial byproducts. Fruit seeds have a high oil content, are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (FA) and in n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated essential FA. Sterols, phospholipids, glycolipids, carotenoids, tocopherols and polyphenols are other seed phytochemicals that make them interesting from a commercial viewpoint. Fruit seeds have high potential as raw material for several industries, but their lipid profile remains poorly studied. Current analytical approaches for the analysis of lipids that are based on high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry allow the separation and analysis of compounds with the accurate identification and structural characterization of molecular species in very small quantities. Even though lipidomic analysis of fruit seeds' lipids is still in its infancy, it will bring a new look over these value-added byproducts. This review covers the following topics: (a) the lipid content of various fruit seed oils; (b) their lipid composition (FA, triacylglycerol, sterol, phospholipid and glycolipid profiles), (c) current and future analytical methodologies for the analysis of lipids in fruit seeds; (d) biological activities of fruit seeds' extracts; and (e) potential biotechnological applications of fruit seed oils for their commercial valorization based on lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Abigail Simoes
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.,Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Ecomare, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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More AS, Ranadheera CS, Fang Z, Warner R, Ajlouni S. Biomarkers associated with quality and safety of fresh-cut produce. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Belcour A, Girard J, Aite M, Delage L, Trottier C, Marteau C, Leroux C, Dittami SM, Sauleau P, Corre E, Nicolas J, Boyen C, Leblanc C, Collén J, Siegel A, Markov GV. Inferring Biochemical Reactions and Metabolite Structures to Understand Metabolic Pathway Drift. iScience 2020; 23:100849. [PMID: 32058961 PMCID: PMC6997860 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inferring genome-scale metabolic networks in emerging model organisms is challenged by incomplete biochemical knowledge and partial conservation of biochemical pathways during evolution. Therefore, specific bioinformatic tools are necessary to infer biochemical reactions and metabolic structures that can be checked experimentally. Using an integrative approach combining genomic and metabolomic data in the red algal model Chondrus crispus, we show that, even metabolic pathways considered as conserved, like sterols or mycosporine-like amino acid synthesis pathways, undergo substantial turnover. This phenomenon, here formally defined as "metabolic pathway drift," is consistent with findings from other areas of evolutionary biology, indicating that a given phenotype can be conserved even if the underlying molecular mechanisms are changing. We present a proof of concept with a methodological approach to formalize the logical reasoning necessary to infer reactions and molecular structures, abstracting molecular transformations based on previous biochemical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Belcour
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, Equipe Dyliss, Rennes, France
| | - Jean Girard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Méziane Aite
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, Equipe Dyliss, Rennes, France
| | - Ludovic Delage
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | | | | | - Cédric Leroux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Plateforme METABOMER-Corsaire (FR2424), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Simon M Dittami
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | | | - Erwan Corre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Plateforme ABiMS (FR2424), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Jacques Nicolas
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, Equipe Dyliss, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Boyen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Jonas Collén
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Anne Siegel
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, Equipe Dyliss, Rennes, France
| | - Gabriel V Markov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France.
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Lopes D, Melo T, Meneses J, Abreu MH, Pereira R, Domingues P, Lillebø AI, Calado R, Domingues MR. A New Look for the Red Macroalga Palmaria palmata: A Seafood with Polar Lipids Rich in EPA and with Antioxidant Properties. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090533. [PMID: 31540326 PMCID: PMC6780953 DOI: 10.3390/md17090533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmaria palmata is an edible red macroalga widely used for human consumption and valued for its high protein value. Despite its low total lipid content, it is rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This seaweed has been scarcely explored with regard to its lipid composition. The polar lipids of seaweeds are nowadays recognized as important phytochemicals contributing to their add value valorization and providing support for claims of potential health benefits. The present study aimed to disclose the polar lipid profile of P. palmata, farmed in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) through modern lipidomic approaches using high-resolution LC-MS and MS/MS and to screen for the antioxidant properties of this red macroalga. A total of 143 molecular species of lipids were identified, belonging to several classes of polar lipids, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, and betaine lipids. It is noteworthy that the most abundant lipid species in each class were esterified with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), accounting for more than 50% of the lipid content. The polar lipid extract rich in EPA showed antioxidant activity with an inhibition concentration (IC) of IC30 = 171 ± 19.8 µg/mL for α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH●) and IC50 = 26.2 ± 0.1 µg/mL for 2,20-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS●+). Overall, this study highlights that P. palmata farmed in an IMTA framework can be a sustainable source of beneficial lipids with antioxidant activity. Moreover, this red macroalga can be exploited for future applications as a source of lipids rich in EPA for food and feed, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lopes
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Meneses
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria H Abreu
- ALGAplus - Produção e comercialização de algas e seus derivados, Lda., 3830-352 Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - Rui Pereira
- ALGAplus - Produção e comercialização de algas e seus derivados, Lda., 3830-352 Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana I Lillebø
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Calado
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Lipid Isolation Process and Study on Some Molecular Species of Polar Lipid Isolated from Seed of Madhuca ellitica. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7060375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study attempted the lipid extraction process from the seeds of Madhuca ellitica, a lipid-rich plant, and conducted a lipidomic analysis on molecular species of the obtained product. Total lipids of the crude seeds were found to contain 11.2% of polar lipids. The major fatty acids (FAs) of the polar lipids were palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1n-9), and linoleic (18:2n-6) acids, which amounted to 28.5, 12.5, 44.8, and 13.2% of total FAs, respectively. The content and chemical structures of individual molecular species of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidic acid (PA), and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) were determined by HPLC with a tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The major molecular species were 18:1/18:2 PE, 16:0/18:1 PC, 18:1/18:2 PC, 16:0/18:2 PG, 16:0/18:1 PG, 16:1/18:1 PI, 16:0/18:1 PI, 18:0/18:2 PI, 16:0/18:1 PA, 18:1/18:2 PA, 16:0/18:1 SQDG, and 18:0/18:1 SQDG. The application of a tandem HRMS allows us to determine the content of each isomer in pairs of the monoisotopic molecular species, for example, 18:0/18:2 and 18:1/18:1. The evaluation of the seed polar lipid profile will be helpful for developing the potential of this tree for nutritive and industrial uses.
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da Costa E, Domingues P, Melo T, Coelho E, Pereira R, Calado R, Abreu MH, Domingues MR. Lipidomic Signatures Reveal Seasonal Shifts on the Relative Abundance of High-Valued Lipids from the Brown Algae Fucus vesiculosus. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E335. [PMID: 31167455 PMCID: PMC6627367 DOI: 10.3390/md17060335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucus vesiculosus is an edible brown macroalga, with health benefits associated with its consumption and also a source of bioactive molecules. It is acknowledged that the biochemical composition of macroalgae changes when exposed to different environmental conditions occurring on different habitats, such as the water temperature, and light intensity. In the present study, the polar lipidome of Fucus vesiculosus was characterized for the first time using modern high-resolution HILIC-MS, and MS/MS approaches, to evaluate the phenotypic variability in two seasons of the year, e.g., winter and spring. A total of 187 molecular species were identified over eighteen classes of glycolipids, phospholipids and betaine lipids. Principal component analysis (PCA) multivariate statistical analysis and cluster analysis of polar lipid classes, polar lipid species and total fatty acids (FA) datasets, showed clustering according to the seasonal groups. While the lipid profile of Fucus vesiculosus harvested in the winter and spring yielded the same molecular species, the relative abundance of these species was significantly different. In the winter, changes were mainly due to the increased relative abundance of some molecular species of glycolipids and phospholipids, bearing octadeca(poly)enoic (18:3, 18:4) and eicosa(poly)enoic (20:4, 20:5) FA and betaine lipids species with short saturated FA (14:0) and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA). Importantly, glycolipids with n-3 PUFA and sulfolipids, have been reported to have important biological activities and therapeutic value. Overall, Fucus vesiculosus is a promising source of bioactive compounds that can be used as functional food or ingredients for human nutrition, feed, pharma, and cosmetic formulations. In this study, samples harvested in the winter season maximized yields of these bioactive components, when compared with samples harvested in the spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete da Costa
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA& LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA& LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Melo
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA& LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Elisabete Coelho
- Departamento de Química & QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Rui Pereira
- ALGAplus-Produção e comercialização de algas e seus derivados, Lda., 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Calado
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria H Abreu
- ALGAplus-Produção e comercialização de algas e seus derivados, Lda., 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal.
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA& LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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He Y, Wang Y, Hu C, Sun X, Li Y, Xu N. Dynamic metabolic profiles of the marine macroalga Ulva prolifera during fragmentation-induced proliferation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214491. [PMID: 31091237 PMCID: PMC6519826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulva prolifera, a type of marine macroalgae, is the causative species behind green tides mainly in the Yellow Sea and adjacent regions. Nevertheless, it can be used as food or animal feed in South China. The vegetative fragments of U. prolifera are an important seed source for successive green tide blooms. Fragmentation shortens the transition time from the vegetative state to the reproductive state. However, the translation of the algal metabolites during gametogenesis is far from well understood. In this study, the dynamic metabolic profiles of U. prolifera thallus during fragmentation-induced proliferation were investigated using non-targeted metabolomics approach via a series of time course experiments in June 2017. After a 30 min low temperature shock, fragmentation induced a reproductive response of 91.57% of U. prolifera in 48 h, whereas the value was only 21.43% in the control group. A total of 156 chromatographic peaks were detected, and 63 metabolites were significantly changed in U. prolifera during reproduction. Aanlysis of the kinetic metabolic pattern showed that the fragments not only induced the formation of sporangia, but also led to complex metabolite accumulation. During fragmentation-induced proliferation, U. prolifera consumed different sugars at different time points. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid, gallic acid, and malic acid may play important roles in germ cell formation and in the release of U. prolifera, whereas n-hexanol, 2-methyl-3-phenylindole, and 3-indoleacetonitrile may be beneficial for biotic stress resistance. Compared with the control group, in the treatment group, metabolites such as alcohols and organic acids also showed significant difference with the photoperiod at the initial stage of proliferation (before 60 h). In conclusion, changes in the levels of metabolites, including sugars, organic acids, and alcohol with photoperiod may be the strategy adopted by U. prolifera to cope with fragmentation in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yahe Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Nianjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Korf A, Jeck V, Schmid R, Helmer PO, Hayen H. Lipid Species Annotation at Double Bond Position Level with Custom Databases by Extension of the MZmine 2 Open-Source Software Package. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5098-5105. [PMID: 30892876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, proprietary and open-source bioinformatics software tools have been developed for the identification of lipids in complex biological samples based on high-resolution mass spectrometry data. These existent software tools often rely on publicly available lipid databases, such as LIPID MAPS, which, in some cases, only contain a limited number of lipid species for a specific lipid class. Other software solutions implement their own lipid species databases, which are often confined regarding implemented lipid classes, such as phospholipids. To address these drawbacks, we provide an extension of the widely used open-source metabolomics software MZmine 2, which enables the annotation of detected chromatographic features as lipid species. The extension is designed for straightforward generation of a custom database for selected lipid classes. Furthermore, each lipid's sum formula of the created database can be rapidly modified to search for derivatization products, oxidation products, in-source fragments, or adducts. The versatility will be exemplified by a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry data set with postcolumn Paternò-Büchi derivatization. The derivatization reaction was performed to pinpoint the double bond positions in diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine lipid species in a lipid extract of a green algae ( Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) sample. The developed Lipid Search module extension of MZmine 2 supports the identification of lipids as far as double bond position level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Korf
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Viola Jeck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Robin Schmid
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Patrick O Helmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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Tracing of lipid markers of soft corals in a polar lipidome of the nudibranch mollusk Tritonia tetraquetra from the Sea of Okhotsk. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Korf A, Vosse C, Schmid R, Helmer PO, Jeck V, Hayen H. Three-dimensional Kendrick mass plots as a tool for graphical lipid identification. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:981-991. [PMID: 29575335 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The rising field of lipidomics strongly relies on the identification of lipids in complex matrices. Recent technical advances regarding liquid chromatography (LC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) enable the mapping of the lipidome of an organism with short data acquisition times. However, interpretation and evaluation of resulting multidimensional datasets are challenging and this is still the bottleneck regarding overall analysis times. METHODS A novel adaption of Kendrick mass plot analysis is presented for a rapid and accurate analysis of lipids in complex matrices. Separation of lipids by their respective head group was achieved via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to HRMS. The resulting LC/HRMS datasets are processed to a list of chromatographically separated features by applying an optimized MZmine 2 workflow. All features are plotted in a three-dimensional Kendrick mass plot, which allows a fast identification of present lipid classes, based on equidistant features with fitting retention times and the same Kendrick mass defect. Suspected lipid classes are used for exact mass database matching to annotate features. A second three-dimensional Kendrick mass plot of annotated features of a single lipid class helps to reveal potential database mismatches, resulting in a curated list of identified lipid species. RESULTS The use of the novel adaption of the Kendrick mass plot has accelerated the identification of the relevant lipid species in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. A total of 106 species were identified within the lipid classes: phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol. CONCLUSIONS This work shows how the addition of chromatographic information, i.e. the retention time, to a classical two-dimensional Kendrick mass plot enables rapid and accurate analysis of LC/HRMS datasets, exemplified on a green alga (C. reinhardtii) sample. Three-dimensional Kendrick mass plots have improved lipid class identification and fast spotting of falsely annotated lipid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Korf
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Vosse
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Robin Schmid
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick O Helmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Viola Jeck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Arora N, Pienkos PT, Pruthi V, Poluri KM, Guarnieri MT. Leveraging algal omics to reveal potential targets for augmenting TAG accumulation. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1274-1292. [PMID: 29678388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global efforts to commercialize microalgal biofuels have expedited the use of multi-omics techniques to gain insights into lipid biosynthetic pathways. Functional genomics analyses have recently been employed to complement existing sequence-level omics studies, shedding light on the dynamics of lipid synthesis and its interplay with other cellular metabolic pathways, thus revealing possible targets for metabolic engineering. Here, we review the current status of algal omics studies to reveal potential targets to augment TAG accumulation in various microalgae. This review specifically aims to examine and catalog systems level data related to stress-induced TAG accumulation in oleaginous microalgae and inform future metabolic engineering strategies to develop strains with enhanced bioproductivity, which could pave a path for sustainable green energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Arora
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Philip T Pienkos
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Michael T Guarnieri
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
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High-Resolution Lipidomics of the Early Life Stages of the Red Seaweed Porphyra dioica. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010187. [PMID: 29342096 PMCID: PMC6017436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyra dioica is a commercial seaweed consumed all over the world, mostly in the shape of nori sheets used for “sushi” preparation. It is a well-known part of the Asian diet with health benefits, which have been associated, among others, to the high levels of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in this red alga. However, other highly valued lipids of Porphyra are polar lipids that remain largely undescribed and can have both nutritional value and bioactivity, thus could contribute to the valorization of this seaweed. In this context, the present work aims to identify the lipidome of two life cycle stages of the Atlantic species Porphyra dioica: the early life stage conchocelis produced in an indoor-nursery, and young blades produced outdoors using an integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) framework. Both the blades (gametophyte) and conchocelis (sporophyte) are commercialized in the food and cosmetics sectors. Liquid chromatography coupled to Q–Exactive high resolution-mass spectrometry (MS) platform was used to gain insight into the lipidome of these species. Our results allowed the identification of 110 and 100 lipid molecular species in the lipidome of the blade and conchocelis, respectively. These lipid molecular species were distributed as follows (blade/conchocelis): 14/15 glycolipids (GLs), 93/79 phospholipids (PLs), and 3/6 betaine lipids. Both life stages displayed a similar profile of GLs and comprised 20:4(n-6) and 20:5(n-3) fatty acids that contribute to n-3 and n-6 fatty acid pool recorded and rank among the molecular species with higher potential bioactivity. PLs’ profile was different between the two life stages surveyed, mainly due to the number and relative abundance of molecular species. This finding suggests that differences between both life stages were more likely related with shifts in the lipids of extraplastidial membranes rather than in plastidial membranes. PLs contained n-6 and n-3 precursors and in both life stages of Porphyra dioica the n-6/n-3 ratio recorded was less than 2, highlighting the potential benefits of using these life stages in human diet to prevent chronic diseases. Atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes of blades (0.85 and 0.49, respectively) and conchocelis (0.34 and 0.30, respectively) are much lower than those reported for other Rhodophyta, which highlights their potential application as food or as functional ingredients. Overall, MS-based platforms represent a powerful tool to characterize lipid metabolism and target lipids along different life stages of algal species displaying complex life cycles (such as Porphyra dioica), contributing to their biotechnological application.
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Santos SAO, Trindade SS, Oliveira CSD, Parreira P, Rosa D, Duarte MF, Ferreira I, Cruz MT, Rego AM, Abreu MH, Rocha SM, Silvestre AJD. Lipophilic Fraction of Cultivated Bifurcaria bifurcata R. Ross: Detailed Composition and In Vitro Prospection of Current Challenging Bioactive Properties. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110340. [PMID: 29104253 PMCID: PMC5706030 DOI: 10.3390/md15110340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae have been seen as an alternative source of molecules with promising bioactivities to use in the prevention and treatment of current lifestyle diseases. In this vein, the lipophilic fraction of short-term (three weeks) cultivated Bifurcaria bifurcata was characterized in detail by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). B. bifurcata dichloromethane extract was composed mainly by diterpenes (1892.78 ± 133.97 mg kg−1 dry weight (DW)), followed by fatty acids, both saturated (550.35 ± 15.67 mg kg−1 DW) and unsaturated (397.06 ± 18.44 mg kg−1 DW). Considerable amounts of sterols, namely fucosterol (317.68 ± 26.11 mg kg−1 DW) were also found. In vitro tests demonstrated that the B. bifurcata lipophilic extract show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities (against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria), using low extract concentrations (in the order of µg mL−1). Enhancement of antibiotic activity of drug families of major clinical importance was observed by the use of B. bifurcata extract. This enhancement of antibiotic activity depends on the microbial strain and on the antibiotic. This work represents the first detailed phytochemical study of the lipophilic extract of B. bifurcata and is, therefore, an important contribution for the valorization of B. bifurcata macroalgae, with promising applications in functional foods, nutraceutical, cosmetic and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia A O Santos
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Stephanie S Trindade
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Catia S D Oliveira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Paula Parreira
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Rosa
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal.
| | - Maria F Duarte
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal.
- ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- FFUC-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria T Cruz
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- FFUC-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Andreia M Rego
- ALGAplus-Prod. e Comerc. De Algas e Seus Derivados, Lda., 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal.
| | - Maria H Abreu
- ALGAplus-Prod. e Comerc. De Algas e Seus Derivados, Lda., 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal.
| | - Silvia M Rocha
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Armando J D Silvestre
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Granafei S, Losito I, Palmisano F, Cataldi TRI. Unambiguous regiochemical assignment of sulfoquinovosyl mono- and diacylglycerols in parsley and spinach leaves by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization sequential mass spectrometry assisted by regioselective enzymatic hydrolysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1499-1509. [PMID: 28657161 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sulfoquinovosylmonoglycerides (SQMG) and sulfoquinovosyldiglycerides (SQDG) in the lipid extracts of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves were investigated. The aim of this work was to assess and establish the chemical characterization of fatty acyl chains in sulfolipids (SQMG and SQDG) and their regiochemistry. METHODS A key component of this approach is a combination of hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by Lecitase® Ultra, which is a sn1 -regioselective hydrolase enzyme, and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and sequential mass spectrometry (RPLC/ESI-MS) by collision-induced dissociation (CID)-MSn (n = 2, 3). RESULTS The occurrence of SQMG bearing 16:0 or 18:3 acyl chains was established for the first time. A regiochemistry-dependent fragmentation pattern of SQMG was attained whereby the sulfoquinovosyl anion ([C6 H11 O8 S]- at m/z 243.0) provides a diagnostic product ion. Regioselective enzymatic treatment also provided a posteriori confirmation of a widely accepted fragmentation rule for SQDG. The sulfoquinovosyl anion was found to play a role also in the fragmentation pattern of SQDG, whose regiochemical assignment could be ultimately confirmed by MS3 experiments. CONCLUSIONS The predominant sulfolipid in leaf extracts of raw parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was identified as SQDG 18:3/16:0, along with SQMG 18:3/0:0 and SQMG 16:0/0:0. The present CID-MS-based method can be considered a successful approach to validate the regiochemical characterization of sulfolipids paving the way for their unambiguous characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Granafei
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Palmisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
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Rey F, Costa ED, Campos AM, Cartaxana P, Maciel E, Domingues P, Domingues MRM, Calado R, Cruz S. Kleptoplasty does not promote major shifts in the lipidome of macroalgal chloroplasts sequestered by the sacoglossan sea slug Elysia viridis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11502. [PMID: 28904377 PMCID: PMC5597624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sacoglossan sea slugs, also known as crawling leaves due to their photosynthetic activity, are highly selective feeders that incorporate chloroplasts from specific macroalgae. These “stolen” plastids - kleptoplasts - are kept functional inside animal cells and likely provide an alternative source of energy to their host. The mechanisms supporting the retention and functionality of kleptoplasts remain unknown. A lipidomic mass spectrometry-based analysis was performed to study kleptoplasty of the sacoglossan sea slug Elysia viridis fed with Codium tomentosum. Total lipid extract of both organisms was fractionated. The fraction rich in glycolipids, exclusive lipids from chloroplasts, and the fraction rich in betaine lipids, characteristic of algae, were analysed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-LC-MS). This approach allowed the identification of 81 molecular species, namely galactolipids (8 in both organisms), sulfolipids (17 in C. tomentosum and 13 in E. viridis) and betaine lipids (51 in C. tomentosum and 41 in E. viridis). These lipid classes presented similar lipidomic profiles in C. tomentosum and E. viridis, indicating that the necessary mechanisms to perform photosynthesis are preserved during the process of endosymbiosis. The present study shows that there are no major shifts in the lipidome of C. tomentosum chloroplasts sequestered by E. viridis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felisa Rey
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Elisabete da Costa
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Campos
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cartaxana
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Maciel
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.,Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário M Domingues
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Belghit I, Rasinger JD, Heesch S, Biancarosa I, Liland N, Torstensen B, Waagbø R, Lock EJ, Bruckner CG. In-depth metabolic profiling of marine macroalgae confirms strong biochemical differences between brown, red and green algae. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Schmid M, Guihéneuf F, Stengel DB. Plasticity and remodelling of lipids support acclimation potential in two species of low-intertidal macroalgae, Fucus serratus (Phaeophyceae) and Palmaria palmata (Rhodophyta). ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lipid metabolism and potentials of biofuel and high added-value oil production in red algae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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da Costa E, Melo T, Moreira ASP, Bernardo C, Helguero L, Ferreira I, Cruz MT, Rego AM, Domingues P, Calado R, Abreu MH, Domingues MR. Valorization of Lipids from Gracilaria sp. through Lipidomics and Decoding of Antiproliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E62. [PMID: 28257116 PMCID: PMC5367019 DOI: 10.3390/md15030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipidome of the red seaweed Gracilaria sp., cultivated on land-based integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) system, was assessed for the first time using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS and MS/MS). One hundred and forty-seven molecular species were identified in the lipidome of the Gracilaria genus and distributed between the glycolipids classes monogalactosyl diacylglyceride (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglyceride (DGDG), sulfoquinovosyl monoacylglyceride (SQMG), sulfoquinovosyl diacylglyceride (SQDG), the phospholipids phosphatidylcholine (PC), lyso-PC, phosphatidylglycerol (PG), lyso-PG, phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatic acid (PA), inositolphosphoceramide (IPC), and betaine lipids monoacylglyceryl- and diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethyl homoserine (MGTS and DGTS). Antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects promoted by lipid extract of Gracilaria sp. were evaluated by monitoring cell viability in human cancer lines and by using murine macrophages, respectively. The lipid extract decreased cell viability of human T-47D breast cancer cells and of 5637 human bladder cancer cells (estimated half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 12.2 μg/mL and 12.9 μg/mL, respectively) and inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) evoked by the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 (35% inhibition at a concentration of 100 μg/mL). These findings contribute to increase the ranking in the value-chain of Gracilaria sp. biomass cultivated under controlled conditions on IMTA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete da Costa
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Melo
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana S P Moreira
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carina Bernardo
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIMED), Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Luisa Helguero
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIMED), Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular (CNC), Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra & Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular (CNC), Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra & Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Andreia M Rego
- ALGAplus-Produção e Comercialização de Algas e seus Derivados, Lda., 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Calado
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria H Abreu
- ALGAplus-Produção e Comercialização de Algas e seus Derivados, Lda., 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal.
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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