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Kwidzińska K, Zalewska M, Aksmann A, Kobos J, Mazur-Marzec H, Caban M. Multi-biomarker response of cyanobacteria Synechocystis salina and Microcystis aeruginosa to diclofenac. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134373. [PMID: 38678710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The cyanobacterial response to pharmaceuticals is less frequently investigated compared to green algae. Pharmaceuticals can influence not only the growth rate of cyanobacteria culture, but can also cause changes at the cellular level. The effect of diclofenac (DCF) as one of the for cyanobacteria has been rarely tested, and DCF has never been applied with cellular biomarkers. The aim of this work was to test the response of two unicellular cyanobacteria (Synechocystis salina and Microcystis aeruginosa) toward DCF (100 mg L-1) under photoautotrophic growth conditions. Such endpoints were analyzed as cells number, DCF uptake, the change in concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, the production of toxins, and chlorophyll a in vivo fluorescence. It was noted that during a 96 h exposure, cell proliferation was not impacted. Nevertheless, a biochemical response was observed. The increased production of microcystin was noted for M. aeruginosa. Due to the negligible absorption of DCF into cells, it is possible that the biochemical changes are induced by an external signal. The application of non-standard biomarkers demonstrates the effect of DCF on microorganism metabolism without a corresponding effect on biomass. The high resistance of cyanobacteria to DCF and the stimulating effect of DCF on the secretion of toxins raise concerns for environment biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kwidzińska
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Martyna Zalewska
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Aksmann
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Kobos
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Department of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Department of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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2
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de Morais EG, Sampaio ICF, Gonzalez-Flo E, Ferrer I, Uggetti E, García J. Microalgae harvesting for wastewater treatment and resources recovery: A review. N Biotechnol 2023; 78:84-94. [PMID: 37820831 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based wastewater treatment has been conceived to obtain reclaimed water and produce microalgal biomass for bio-based products and biofuels generation. However, microalgal biomass harvesting is challenging and expensive, hence one of the main bottlenecks for full-scale implementation. Finding an integrated approach that covers concepts of engineering, green chemistry and the application of microbial anabolism driven towards the harvesting processes, is mandatory for the widespread establishment of full-scale microalgae wastewater treatment plants. By using nature-based substances and applying concepts of chemical functionalization in already established harvesting methods, the costs of harvesting processes could be reduced while preventing microalgae biomass contamination. Moreover, microalgae produced during wastewater treatment have unique culture characteristics, such as the consortia, which are primarily composed of microalgae and bacteria, that should be accounted for prior to downstream processing. The aim of this review is to examine recent advances in microalgal biomass harvesting and recovery in wastewater treatment systems, considering the impact of consortia variability. The costs of available harvesting technologies, such as coagulation/flocculation, coupled to sedimentation and differential air flotation, are provided. Additionally, promising technologies are discussed, including autoflocculation, bioflocculation, new filtration materials, nanotechnology, microfluidic and magnetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etiele Greque de Morais
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Igor Carvalho Fontes Sampaio
- CPID - Espírito Santo's Center for Research, Innovation and Development, Eliezer Batista hill, Jardim América, 29140-130 Cariacica, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Flo
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, Building C5.1, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivet Ferrer
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrica Uggetti
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan García
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Esmaeili Nasrabadi A, Eydi M, Bonyadi Z. Utilizing Chlorella vulgaris algae as an eco-friendly coagulant for efficient removal of polyethylene microplastics from aquatic environments. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22338. [PMID: 38045186 PMCID: PMC10692900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) microplastics (MPs) are small particles of plastic made from polyethylene, which is a commonly used type of plastic. These microplastics can be found in water sources, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. They are typically less than 5 mm in size. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) is an excellent, simple and inexpensive biocoagulant that can effectively remove a wide range of pollutants through the coagulation and flocculation mechanism. In this study, C. vulgaris algae were used to remove PE MPs. The experiments were designed using the Behnken Box model. The evaluated parameters were the initial PE concentration (100-400 mg/L), the C. vulgaris dose (50-200), and the pH (4-10). The findings showed that increasing the concentration of polyethylene had a positive effect on the efficiency of removal. In addition, the dose of C. vulgaris and pH parameters were inversely and directly related to removal efficiency, respectively. The highest removal efficiency was observed under alkaline conditions. Overall, the maximum PE removal efficiency was 84 % when the concentration of PE was 250 mg/L, the dose of C. vulgaris was 50 mg/L, and the pH was 10. It can be concluded that algae can be used as an environmentally friendly coagulant for effectively removing MPs from aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Esmaeili Nasrabadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Eydi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ziaeddin Bonyadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Liao Y, Fatehi P, Liao B. Surface properties of membrane materials and their role in cell adhesion and biofilm formation of microalgae. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:879-895. [PMID: 37965865 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2280005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of surface properties of membrane materials on microalgae cell adhesion and biofilm formation were investigated using Chlorella vulgaris and five different types of membrane materials under hydrodynamic conditions. The results suggest that the contact angle (hydrophobicity), surface free energy, and free energy of cohesion of membrane materials alone could not sufficiently elucidate the selectivity of microalgae cell adhesion and biofilm formation on membrane materials surfaces, and membrane surface roughness played a dominant role in controlling biofilm formation rate, under tested hydrodynamic conditions. A lower level of biofilm EPS production was generally associated with a larger amount of biofilm formation. The zeta potential of membrane materials could enhance initial microalgae cell adhesion and biofilm formation through salt bridging or charge neutralization mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Baoqiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Lee HE, Lee JH, Park SM, Kim DG. Symbiotic relationship between filamentous algae ( Halomicronema sp.) and extracellular polymeric substance-producing algae ( Chlamydomonas sp.) through biomimetic simulation of natural algal mats. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1176069. [PMID: 37293230 PMCID: PMC10244577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1176069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To lower the cost of biomass harvesting, the growth of natural biofilm is considered to be an optimal alternative to microalgae aggregation. This study investigated algal mats that naturally agglomerate into a lump and float on water surfaces. Halomicronema sp., a filamentous cyanobacterium with high cell aggregation and adhesion to substrates, and Chlamydomonas sp., which grows rapidly and produces high extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in certain environments, are the main microalgae that make up selected mats through next-generation sequencing analysis. These two species play a major role in the formation of solid mats, and showed a symbiotic relationship as the medium and nutritional source, particularly owing to the large amount of EPS formed by the reaction between EPS and calcium ions through zeta potential and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. This led to the formation of an ecological biomimetic algal mat (BAM) that mimics the natural algal mat system, and this is a way to reduce costs in the biomass production process as there is no separate treatment process for harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Eun Lee
- LED Agri-bio Fusion Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Moon Park
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Geun Kim
- LED Agri-bio Fusion Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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6
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Vildanova GI, Allaguvatova RZ, Kunsbaeva DF, Sukhanova NV, Gaysina LA. Application of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck as a Biostimulant for Growing Cucumber Seedlings in Hydroponics. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020042. [PMID: 37218759 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroponics is a promising method for growing agricultural plants and is especially relevant in the context of global climate change. Microscopic algae, including Chlorella vulgaris, has great potential for use in hydroponic systems as natural growth stimulators. The effect of the suspension of an authentic strain of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck on the length of cucumber shoots and roots, as well as its dry biomass, was studied. During cultivation in a Knop medium with the addition of Chlorella suspension, the length of the shoots was shortened from 11.30 to 8.15 cm, while the length of the roots also decreased from 16.41 to 10.59 cm. At the same time, the biomass of the roots increased from 0.04 to 0.05 g. The data obtained indicate the positive effect of the suspension of the Chlorella vulgaris authentic strain on the dry biomass of cucumber plants in hydroponic conditions and make it possible to recommend this strain for use when growing plants in hydroponic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galiya I Vildanova
- Department of Bioecology and Biological Education, M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Oktyabrskoy Revolyutsii Street 3-a, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Rezeda Z Allaguvatova
- Laboratory of Botany, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Pr-t 100-let Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Dina F Kunsbaeva
- Department of Bioecology and Biological Education, M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Oktyabrskoy Revolyutsii Street 3-a, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Natalia V Sukhanova
- Department of Bioecology and Biological Education, M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Oktyabrskoy Revolyutsii Street 3-a, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Lira A Gaysina
- Department of Bioecology and Biological Education, M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Oktyabrskoy Revolyutsii Street 3-a, 450008 Ufa, Russia
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Institute Street, 5, 143050 Bolshye Vyazemy, Russia
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7
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Liu F, Qin L, Zhu S, Chen H, Al-Haimi AANM, Xu J, Zhou W, Wang Z. Applications-oriented algicidal efficacy research and in-depth mechanism of a novel strain Brevibacillus sp. on Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121812. [PMID: 37178955 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of algicidal bacteria for the control of harmful algal blooms (HABs) is a promising technology for ecological remediation. In our most recent publication, a novel strain of Brevibacillus sp. was isolated and proved to have significant algicidal activity and stability against Microcystis aeruginosa. In order to verify the algicidal effect of the strain in the practical application scenario, the algicidal efficacy of Brevibacillus sp. under conditions close to water in the environment was investigated. Results indicated that the algicidal threshold of Brevibacillus sp. culture was 3‰ inoculation concentration, and the removal rate of M. aeruginosa reached 100%. The process of Chl-a degradation followed a first-order kinetic model, which could be used to predict the degradation effect of M. aeruginosa in practical applications. Additionally, the inoculation of Brevibacillus sp. culture introduced additional nutrients, some of which remained in the water. Furthermore, the algicidal substances demonstrated good sustainability, with a removal rate of up to 78.53% at 144 h after three repeated uses. At 12 h, the algicidal substances caused a 78.65% increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in M. aeruginosa compared to the control group, thereby triggering the antioxidant system of M. aeruginosa. Moreover, algal cell fragments were observed to aggregate. This study provides a promising direction for treating cyanobacterial blooms using algicidal bacteria in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Lei Qin
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Shunni Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Akram Ali Nasser Mansoor Al-Haimi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Weizheng Zhou
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
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8
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Zhang H, Wen H, Yin H, Qin W, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu Y. A novel approach for harvesting the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris with sodium alginate microspheres using buoy-bead flotation method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158418. [PMID: 36055496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce the residue of buoy-beads and solve the problem of pollution caused by high flocculant consumption, SAMs1(sodium alginate microspheres) with sodium alginate were used as the raw material to harvest microalgae for the first time. In addition, during the manufacturing of SAMs, the re-frying oil was used as the dispersion system, which not only reduced the cost, but also provided new ideas for the treatment of re-frying oil. Response surface methodology was used to explore the influence of different factors and the interaction of variables, and the harvesting process was optimized using the multi-objective optimization. Based upon the calculation of XDLVO (extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek) theory and the characterization of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, the harvesting mechanism of buoy-bead flotation method was clarified. The results showed that the combination of SAMs and a small amount of aluminum sulfate could replace air flotation and traditional buoy-bead flotation with solid particles as buoy-beads to harvest C. vulgaris (Chlorella vulgaris). For the multi-objective optimization with harvesting efficiency as the priority, the predicted pH, the concentrations of aluminum sulfate and buoy-beads and the dilution factor had values of 8.25, 56.09 mg/L, 17.46 mL/L, and 2.15, respectively. In the validation experiment, the harvesting efficiency and the enrichment ratio of C. vulgaris could reach the values of 97.51 % and 1.97 %, respectively. For the validation experiment of reverse optimization with focusing on enrichment ratio, the harvesting efficiency and the enrichment ratio of C. vulgaris had the values of 93.78 % and 2.65 %, respectively. The essence of improving the harvesting mechanism was the combination of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups between C. vulgaris and SAMs and the adsorption of positive ions by specific proteins on the surface of C. vulgaris to reduce electrostatic repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Hao Wen
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Hongwei Yin
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xu Liu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
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Talapatra N, Ghosh UK. New concept of biodiesel production using food waste digestate powder: Co-culturing algae-activated sludge symbiotic system in low N and P paper mill wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157207. [PMID: 35809734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to demonstrate an innovative process for the conversion of food waste digestate (FWD) powder into biofuel. The effects of different doses of FWD are investigated on microalgae-activated sludge (MAS) in treating pulp and paper mill wastewater (PPW) which generally contains insufficient nitrogen and phosphorus. FWD was added to adjust the initial N:P molar ratio in MAS at various levels (8:1 to 15:1). The highest Auxenochlorella protothecoides biomass achieved was 1.67 gL-1 at a 13.45:1 N/P molar ratio of PPW. After 10 days of cultivation, Auxenochlorella protothecoides-activated sludge system removed 91.7 %, 74.6 %, and 91.5 % of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and sCOD respectively at D0.836 gL-1 DD. The highest lipid productivity was reported as 41.27 ± 2.43 mg L-1 day-1. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis showed the presence of an appreciable percentage of balanced saturated and unsaturated fatty acids i.e. palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acid, rendering its potential as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Activated sludge induced flocculation of Auxenochlorella protothecoides was measured. The whole process establishes an effective means of circular economy, where the secondary source of recyclable nutrients i.e. FWD will be used as a source of N and P in PPW to obtain algal biodiesel from a negative value industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Talapatra
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India.
| | - Uttam Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India.
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10
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Optimization of Air Flotation and the Combination of Air Flotation and Membrane Filtration in Microalgae Harvesting. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
On account of its small size and poor sedimentation performance, microalgae harvesting is restricted from a wider application. Air flotation is an efficient and fast solid–liquid separation technology, which has the potential to overcome the impediments of microalgae harvesting. In this study, factors influencing microalgae harvesting by air flotation were investigated. The results illustrated that bound extracellular organic matter (bEOM) had a greater effect on microalgae harvesting by air flotation, compared with dissolved extracellular organic matter (dEOM). Microalgae harvesting by air flotation in different growth stages proceeded, and the effect of air flotation in the heterotrophic stage was better than the autotrophic stage. The molecular weight distributions demonstrated that after air flotation, the proportion of high MW substance increased, while the proportion of low MW substance decreased, regardless of whether dEOM or bEOM. Membrane filtration was carried out for the algal solutions before and after air flotation. The membrane of pre-flotation algal solution had a higher critical flux of 51 L/m2·h than that of no-pre-flotation (24 L/m2·h), and, thus, pre-flotation had an active effect on membrane filtration in microalgae harvesting. Moreover, the combination of air flotation and membrane filtration provided an efficient technology for microalgae harvesting.
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11
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Lewis A, Guéguen C. Using chemometric models to predict the biosorption of low levels of dysprosium by Euglena gracilis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58936-58949. [PMID: 35377126 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The critical rare earth element dysprosium (Dy) is integral for sustainable technologies. What is concerning is that Dy is in imminent short supply and no current replacements yet exist, coupled with increasing environmental Dy levels influenced by anthropogenic activities. This study applies chemometric methods such as response surface methodology and artificial neural networks to predict low Dy removal levels using the biosorbent Euglena gracilis. A three-factor Box-Behnken experimental design was conducted with initial concentration (1 to 100 µg L-1), contact time (30 to 180 min), and pH (3 to 8) as the three independent variables, and percentage removal and sorption capacity (q) as dependent variables. Using Dy percentage removal as response, for the worst and best conditions ranged from 0 to 92% respectively, with an average removal of 66 ± 4%. Using sorption capacity (q) as a different response variable, q varied from 0 to 93 µg/g with 27 ± 4 µg/g capacity as average. Maximum removal was 92% (q = 93 µg/g) was at pH 3, a contact time of 105 min and at a concentration of 100 µg/L. Using sorption capacity as the response variable for ANOVA, pH and metal concentrations were statistically significant factors, with lower pH and higher metal concentration having improved Dy removal, with a desirability near 1. Statistical tests such as analysis of variance, lack-of-fit, and coefficient of determination (R2) confirmed model validity. A 3-10-1 ANN network array was used to model experimental responses (q). RSM and ANN effectively modeled Dy biosorption. E. gracilis proved to be a cheap and effective biosorbent for Dy biosorption and has the potential to remediate acid mine drainage areas exhibiting low Dy concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsely Lewis
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Céline Guéguen
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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12
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The Biological Performance of a Novel Electrokinetic-Assisted Membrane Photobioreactor (EK-MPBR) for Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060587. [PMID: 35736294 PMCID: PMC9228305 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Developing an effective phycoremediation system, especially by utilizing microalgae, could provide a valuable approach in wastewater treatment for simultaneous nutrient removal and biomass generation, which would help control environmental pollution. This research aims to study the impact of low-voltage direct current (DC) application on Chlorella vulgaris properties and the removal efficiency of nutrients (N and P) in a novel electrokinetic-assisted membrane photobioreactor (EK-MPBR) in treating synthetic municipal wastewater. Two membrane photobioreactors ran in parallel for 49 days with and without an applied electric field (current density: 0.261 A/m2). Mixed liquid suspended soils (MLSS) concentration, chemical oxygen demand (COD), floc morphology, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) removals were measured during the experiments. The results showed that EK-MPBR achieved biomass production comparable to the control MPBR. In EK-MPBR, an over 97% reduction in phosphate concentration was achieved compared to 41% removal in the control MPBR. The control MPBR outperformed the nitrogen removal of EK-MPBR (68% compared to 43% removal). Induced DC electric field led to lower pH, lower zeta potential, and smaller particle sizes in the EK-MPBR as compared with MPBR. The results of this novel study investigating the incorporation of Chlorella vulgar is in an electrokinetic-assisted membrane photobioreactor indicate that this is a promising technology for wastewater treatment.
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Wen H, Zhang H, He M, Zhang X. A novel approach for harvesting of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris with Moringa oleifera extracts microspheres by Buoy-bead flotation method. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fazal T, Rehman MSU, Javed F, Akhtar M, Mushtaq A, Hafeez A, Alaud Din A, Iqbal J, Rashid N, Rehman F. Integrating bioremediation of textile wastewater with biodiesel production using microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130758. [PMID: 34000658 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-led wastewater treatment is a promising biorefinery approach to promote environmental and economical sustainability. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) was employed for the bioremediation of textile wastewater (TWW) and biodiesel production. C. vulgaris is cultivated in undiluted and diluted TWW (50%). Cultivation in freshwater containing BG11 medium was set as a control. Results show the highest growth (1.62 ± 0.12 OD680) in diluted TWW followed by BG11 medium (1.56 ± 0.15 OD680) and undiluted TWW (0.89 ± 0.11 OD680). The highest methylene blue decolorization of 99.7% was observed in diluted TWW as compared to 98.5% in undiluted TWW. Morever, COD removal efficiency was also higher (99.7 ± 4.2%) in diluted TWW than BG11 medium (94.4 ± 3.5%) and undiluted TWW (76.3 ± 2.8%). For all treatment, more than 80% nitrogen and phosphorous removal were achieved. Otther than this, fatty acids methyl ester (FAME) yield in diluted TWW was higher (11.07 mg g-1) than the undiluted TWW (9.12 mg L-1). Major FAME were palmitic acid (C16:0) and linolenoic acid (C18:3) which are suitable for biodiesel production. All these results suggest that C. vulgaris can be cultivated in both diluted and undiluted TWW for biodiesel production. However, cultivation in undiluted TWW is more favorable as it displaces the need for freshwater addition in the growth medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Fazal
- Biorefinery Engineering and Microfluidics (BEAM) Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Fahed Javed
- Biorefinery Engineering and Microfluidics (BEAM) Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mueed Akhtar
- Biorefinery Engineering and Microfluidics (BEAM) Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Azeem Mushtaq
- Biorefinery Engineering and Microfluidics (BEAM) Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ainy Hafeez
- Biorefinery Engineering and Microfluidics (BEAM) Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Alaud Din
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Naim Rashid
- Biorefinery Engineering and Microfluidics (BEAM) Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan; Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation', Doha, Qatar
| | - Fahad Rehman
- Biorefinery Engineering and Microfluidics (BEAM) Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan.
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Demir I, Blockx J, Dague E, Guiraud P, Thielemans W, Muylaert K, Formosa-Dague C. Nanoscale Evidence Unravels Microalgae Flocculation Mechanism Induced by Chitosan. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8446-8459. [PMID: 35019616 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising resource for biofuel production, although their industrial use is limited by the lack of effective harvesting techniques. Flocculation consists in the aggregation and adhesion of cells into flocs that can be more easily removed from water than individual cells. Although it is an efficient harvesting technique, contamination is a major issue as chemical flocculants are often used. An alternative is to use natural biopolymers flocculants such as chitosan. Chitosan is a biobased nontoxic polymer that has been effectively used to harvest Chlorella vulgaris cells at a pH lower than its pKa (6.5). While the reported flocculation mechanism is said to rely on electrostatic interactions between chitosan and the negative cell surface, no molecular evidence has yet confirmed this mechanism. In this study, we performed force spectroscopy atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments to probe the interactions between C. vulgaris cells and chitosan at the molecular scale to decipher its flocculation mechanism. Our results showed that at pH 6, chitosan interacts with C. vulgaris cell wall through biological interactions rather than electrostatic interactions. These observations were confirmed by comparing the data with cationically modified cellulose nanocrystals, for which the flocculation mechanism, relying on an electrostatic patch mechanism, has already been described for C. vulgaris. Further AFM experiments also showed that a different mechanism was at play at higher pH, based on chitosan precipitation. Thus, this AFM-based approach highlights the complexity of chitosan-induced flocculation mechanisms for C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Demir
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,LAAS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jonas Blockx
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.,Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Etienne Dague
- LAAS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,Fédération de Recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Guiraud
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,Fédération de Recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Cécile Formosa-Dague
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,Fédération de Recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Potocar T, Leite LDS, Daniel LA, Pivokonsky M, Matoulkova D, Branyik T. Cooking oil-surfactant emulsion in water for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris by sedimentation or flotation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123508. [PMID: 32416494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel harvesting emulsion (HEM) consisting of cooking oil in an aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was tested for the harvesting of a technologically important microalga, Chlorella vulgaris. The influence of HEM dose, biomass and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (model interferer compound) on harvesting efficiency (E) were studied. The HEM E was over 90% at pH 10 (0.33% (v/v) cooking oil, 6.7 mg/L of CTAB) and 12 (0.13% (v/v) cooking oil, 2.7 mg/L of CTAB). Harvesting efficiencies at pH 4 and 7 were < 73.5% due to the absence of precipitate formation. Bovine serum albumin (10 mg/L) increased the HEM dose necessary to achieve E ˃ 90% by 1.2 (pH 10), and 3 fold (pH 12). By manipulating the dose of HEM and pH, the method of harvesting (flocculation/sedimentation or flotation) was adjustable depending on the technological requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Potocar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luan de Souza Leite
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-59 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Daniel
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-59 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Matoulkova
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lipova 15, 120 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Branyik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Zou X, Xu K, Xue Y, Qu Y, Li Y. Interactions of Chlorella vulgaris and fly ash cenospheres in heat-aided ballasted flotation. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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