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Wallace A, Langevin R, Hébert M. An Analysis of Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Cyber-Dating Violence Victimization of Adolescent Girls: An Ecological Perspective. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:1-13. [PMID: 37359467 PMCID: PMC10225769 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyber-dating violence (cyber-DV) is a prevalent issue among adolescent girls that can have negative consequences including post-traumatic stress symptoms and suicidal ideations and attempts. In the aim to reduce its prevalence and impacts, researchers are increasingly relying on the identification of risk and protective factors associated with cyber-DV across multiple ecological contexts. The current study aimed to examine the influence of individual (e.g., dissociation), interpersonal (e.g., offline forms of dating violence) and community level (e.g., community support) factors associated with the cyber-DV victimization of adolescent girls. A sample of 456 adolescent girls (M = 16.17 years old, SD = 1.28) was recruited online to complete a survey. At the individual level, emotion dysregulation, dissociative symptoms, post-traumatic stress symptoms and resilience were measured. Offline forms of DV and a history of child sexual abuse were assessed at the interpersonal level. Finally, at the community level, community support, community resilience, neighborhood material and social disadvantage were evaluated. Results from a hierarchical logistic regression indicated that exposure to offline DV namely verbal-emotional DV, sexual DV, threats, as well as living in neighborhoods with lower levels of social disadvantage were significantly associated with an increased risk of cyber-DV victimization. Cyber-DV preventative intervention efforts should focus on incorporating cyber-DV specific modules and activities into offline DV prevention and intervention programs as to reduce the likelihood of adolescents suffering both forms of DV and their associated repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Wallace
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec a Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Rachel Langevin
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Martine Hébert
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec a Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Reported Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence among Adolescent Girls: Motivations and IPV Victimization. ADOLESCENTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/adolescents2040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Studies on intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration by girls and women have found self-defense is a common motivation. Current items—namely the abbreviated items from the Conflicts Tactics Scale (CTS)—used to measure IPV perpetration may be counting these girls/women as perpetrators when they are victims of IPV. The purpose of this study was to assess adolescent girls’ IPV perpetration, including (a) motivations and (b) factors associated with reports of adolescent girls’ perpetration of IPV using standard abbreviated CTS measures. Methods: This study utilized cross-sectional survey data collected from 159 participants in an urban Southern California clinic in 2016–2018. Demographic variables—age, ethnicity, current school enrollment, living situation and born in the U.S.—were analyzed with chi-square or independent t-tests. Frequency analyses were used to quantify motivations for IPV perpetration. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models assessed key variables associated with female adolescents’ IPV perpetration: victimization, drug use, alcohol day, binge drinking, depression, anxiety, and suicide ideation. A final multivariate model further adjusted for IPV victimization. Results: The average age of participants was 17 years old, and the majority of participants were Hispanic. Primary motivations for adolescent girls’ IPV perpetration included self-defense. Adolescent girls who reported IPV perpetration had significantly greater odds of victimization [95% CI = 4.31–32.07], drug use [95% CI = 1.14–6.99], binge drinking [95% CI = 1.08–6.87], and suicide ideation [95% CI = 1.13–10.62]. These findings remained significant in models adjusted for significant demographics. In the final multivariate regression model adjusted for IPV victimization, none of these factors remained significantly related to adolescent girls’ IPV perpetration. Conclusions: Findings establish a connection between victimization, self-defense, and adolescent girls’ IPV perpetration. These findings add to existing literature suggesting that the CTS measures of perpetration may encompass both IPV victimization and perpetration when used with populations of girls and women.
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Emezue CN, Dougherty DS, Enriquez M, Bullock L, Bloom TL. Perceptions of Risk for Dating Violence Among Rural Adolescent Males: An Interpretive Analysis. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221126884. [PMID: 36305641 PMCID: PMC9619278 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221126884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
About one in eight U.S. high school students in Grades 9 to 12 report experiencing teen dating violence (TDV) in the form of physical, sexual, or psychological dating violence in the past year in person, on school grounds, and online. Compared with their urban counterparts, rural teens face nearly double the rate of physical dating abuse and an elevated risk of experiencing multiple forms of violence. Rural young males are exposed to regional masculinities and gender norms that may simultaneously promote female subordination (a prelude to dating violence) while impeding help-seeking intentions. We used an interpretive and dialectical approach grounded in Relational Dialectics Theory to explore how rural young males perceive and describe their own risk of experiencing and perpetrating dating violence and the factors contributing to their help-seeking intentions and behaviors. Data from three focus groups and individual interviews with 27 rural young males (ages 15-24) were collated. We identified two central dialectical themes described as (a) Social Tension Dialectics (subthemes include: Abusive vs. Unhealthy Relationships: A Dialectic of Language; #MeToo vs. #WeToo: A Dialectic of Victimhood; "It's All Country Boys": A Dialectic of Masculinity) and (b) Help-Seeking Dialectics demonstrating the dual roles Religion, School Guidance Counselors, Peer Mentors, and Social Cohesion play in promoting or preventing dating violence. Overall, we found dialectic tensions in rural youth risk perceptions about dating violence. These findings bear implications for advocates and practitioners working with rural youth in planning developmentally and culturally appropriate TDV prevention programs, offering policy and research-relevant insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuka Nestor Emezue
- Department of Women, Children and Family Nursing, College of Nursing, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA,Chuka Nestor Emezue, Assistant Professor, Department of Women, Children and Family Nursing, College of Nursing, Rush University, 600 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612-3801, USA.
| | - Debbie S. Dougherty
- College of Arts and Science Communication, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Maithe Enriquez
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Linda Bullock
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tina L. Bloom
- Women’s and Children’s Health, School of Nursing, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sanhueza T, Lalande C, Lessard G. A gender study of the social representations of dating violence in Chilean adolescents. SN SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022; 2:105. [PMID: 35789944 PMCID: PMC9244884 DOI: 10.1007/s43545-022-00407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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Boyce SC, Deardorff J, Minnis AM. Relationship Factors Associated With Early Adolescent Dating Violence Victimization and Perpetration Among Latinx Youth in an Agricultural Community. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP9214-NP9248. [PMID: 33331222 PMCID: PMC8331330 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520980396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Latinx early adolescents within the United States are particularly vulnerable to dating violence; yet, little research has examined early dating experiences and violence outside large urban settings. Latinxs, in particular, may experience a unique window of opportunity for dating violence (DV) prevention during early adolescence, based on their trends in risk behavior over the adolescent period. This study extends the current research on dating violence by examining a highly understudied population, Latinx early adolescent girls and boys residing in an agricultural community, by assessing victimization and perpetration, and examining interpersonal-level factors as potential risk and protective factors for violence. Using data from a prospective cohort study of Latinx adolescents with relationship experience (past six months) (N = 296; girls: n = 147; boys: n = 149; mean age: 13.8), we assessed the association between dating relationship characteristics and dating violence victimization and perpetration using modified-Poisson regression models with robust standard errors stratified by gender. In multivariable analyses, we found that girls with gang-affiliated partners, partner-related withdrawal from friends, and girls who had used drugs or alcohol with a partner experienced greater risk for dating violence. Additionally, holding beliefs supportive of female sexual naivete and engaging in and communicating about sexual activity were associated with victimization among girls. No significant associations were found among boys. Findings affirm the need for multilevel DV prevention programming that starts in middle school and addresses social isolation, gang exposure, and traditional Latinx gender-norm beliefs regarding marianismo. These findings underscore the imperative to coordinate dating and gang violence prevention efforts by addressing common co-occurring interpersonal and environmental risk factors, including social isolation and culturally-specific traditional beliefs. Such factors could also assist providers, families, and peers in early identification of Latinx early adolescents at risk for DV, especially in rural contexts where resources are often limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra M. Minnis
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- RTI International, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Spencer CM, Toews ML, Anders KM, Emanuels SK. Risk Markers for Physical Teen Dating Violence Perpetration: A Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:619-631. [PMID: 31514691 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019875700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Teen dating violence (TDV) is a common problem among adolescents and has been linked to various negative outcomes. This study used Dutton's nested ecological theory to examine risk markers for physical TDV perpetration and examine whether there are significant differences in the strength of risk markers between male and female adolescents. This meta-analysis included 37 studies yielding 126 unique effect sizes for risk markers for physical TDV perpetration in samples from the United States. In the microsystem level, a total of 14 risk markers were examined and in the ontogenetic level, 12 risk markers were examined. Our results revealed that, in the microsystem, physical TDV victimization was the strongest risk marker for physical TDV perpetration. On the ontogenetic level, externalizing behaviors, approval of violence, risky sexual behaviors, alcohol use, depression, and delinquency were the strongest risk markers for TDV perpetration. Conflict resolution skills and responsibility were protective markers against TDV perpetration. When comparing the strength of risk markers between males and females, we found that undifferentiated TDV perpetration and depression were significantly stronger risk markers for female perpetration than male perpetration. We also found that exhibiting controlling behaviors was a significantly stronger risk marker for male TDV perpetration than female TDV perpetration. These findings highlight the importance of the microsystem, specifically the dating relationship itself, when identifying adolescents at risk for TDV perpetration.
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Risk Markers for Physical Teen Dating Violence Victimization in the United States: A Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:575-589. [PMID: 31974737 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Teen dating violence is a serious health concern in the United States. The goal of this study was to synthesize the current knowledge of risk markers for physical teen dating violence victimization through the use of a meta-analysis. A total of 50 studies, yielding 221 unique effect sizes, met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. Using Dutton's nested ecological model as a framework, a total of 29 risk markers for physical teen dating violence victimization were examined. There were enough effect sizes found to be able to examine 18 risk markers in the ontogenetic system, nine risk markers in the microsystem, and two risk markers in the exosystem. The results indicated that the strongest risk markers located in the ontogenetic system were substance use, risky sexual behaviors, having carried a weapon, suicide attempts, and disordered eating. The strongest risk markers found in the adolescents' microsystem were related to other forms of teen dating violence perpetration and victimization (i.e., physical dating violence perpetration, sexual dating violence victimization, emotional dating violence victimization). The two risk markers found in the exosystem (neighborhood disorganization and low socioeconomic status) were significant but small in magnitude. This study also compared the strength of 10 risk markers for teen dating violence victimization between male and female adolescents and did not find any significant differences related to gender. Examining which risk markers for physical teen dating violence are the strongest in magnitude can highlight various markers that might help identify adolescents who are being victimized in their romantic relationships and need additional resources.
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Hébert M, Daspe MÈ, Lapierre A, Godbout N, Blais M, Fernet M, Lavoie F. A Meta-Analysis of Risk and Protective Factors for Dating Violence Victimization: The Role of Family and Peer Interpersonal Context. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2019; 20:574-590. [PMID: 29333960 DOI: 10.1177/1524838017725336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dating violence (DV) is a widespread social issue that has numerous deleterious repercussions on youths' health. Family and peer risk factors for DV have been widely studied, but with inconsistent methodologies, which complicates global comprehension of the phenomenon. Protective factors, although understudied, constitutes a promising line of research for prevention. To date, there is no comprehensive quantitative review attempting to summarize knowledge on both family and peer factors that increase or decrease the risk for adolescents and emerging adults DV victimization. The current meta-analysis draws on 87 studies with a total sample of 278,712 adolescents and young adults to examine effect sizes of the association between various family and peer correlates of DV victimization. Results suggest small, significant effect sizes for all the family (various forms of child maltreatment, parental support, and parental monitoring) and peer factors (peer victimization, sexual harassment, affiliation with deviant peers, and supportive/prosocial peers) in the prediction of DV. With few exceptions, forms of DV (psychological, physical, and sexual), gender, and age did not moderate the strength of these associations. In addition, no difference was found between the magnitude of family and peer factors' effect sizes, suggesting that these determinants are equally important in predicting DV. The current results provide future directions for examining relations between risk and protective factors for DV and indicate that both peers and family should be part of the development of efficient prevention options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Hébert
- 1 Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Daspe
- 1 Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andréanne Lapierre
- 2 Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natacha Godbout
- 1 Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Blais
- 1 Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mylène Fernet
- 1 Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Kisa S, Zeyneloğlu S. Perceptions and predictors of dating violence among nursing and midwifery students. J Adv Nurs 2019; 75:2099-2109. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sezer Kisa
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Oslo Norway
| | - Simge Zeyneloğlu
- Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences Gaziantep University Gaziantep Turkey
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Kowitt SD, Donahue KE, Fisher EB, Mitchell M, Young LA. How is neighborhood social disorganization associated with diabetes outcomes? A multilevel investigation of glycemic control and self-reported use of acute or emergency health care services. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 4:19. [PMID: 30377539 PMCID: PMC6194713 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-018-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes management is influenced by a number of factors beyond the individual-level. This study examined how neighborhood social disorganization (i.e., neighborhoods characterized by high economic disadvantage, residential instability, and ethnic heterogeneity), is associated with diabetes-related outcomes. Methods We used a multilevel modeling approach to investigate the associations between census-tract neighborhood social disorganization, A1c, and self-reported use of acute or emergency health care services for a sample of 424 adults with type 2 diabetes. Results Individuals living in neighborhoods with high social disorganization had higher A1c values than individuals living in neighborhoods with medium social disorganization (B = 0.39, p = 0.01). Individuals living in neighborhoods with high economic disadvantage had higher self-reported use of acute or emergency health care services than individuals living in neighborhoods with medium economic disadvantage (B = 0.60, p = 0.02). Conclusions High neighborhood social disorganization was associated with higher A1c values and high neighborhood economic disadvantage was associated with greater self-reported use of acute or emergency health care services. Controlling for individual level variables diminished this effect for A1c, but not acute or emergency health care use. Comprehensive approaches to diabetes management should include attention to neighborhood context. Failure to do so may help explain the continuing disproportionate diabetes burden in many neighborhoods despite decades of attention to individual-level clinical care and education. Trial registration For this study, we used baseline data from a larger study investigating the impacts on patient-centered outcomes of three different approaches to self-monitoring of blood glucose among 450 adults with non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes living in North Carolina. This study was registered as a clinical trial on 1/7/2014 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02033499).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Kowitt
- 1Peers for Progress and Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Rosenau Hall, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440 USA.,2Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Katrina E Donahue
- 2Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.,3Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Edwin B Fisher
- 1Peers for Progress and Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Rosenau Hall, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440 USA
| | - Madeline Mitchell
- 3Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Laura A Young
- 4Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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Mercy JA, Teten Tharp A. Adolescent Dating Violence in Context. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:441-4. [PMID: 26296441 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A Mercy
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Andra Teten Tharp
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
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12
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Rothman EF, Bair-Merritt MH, Tharp AT. Beyond the Individual Level: Novel Approaches and Considerations for Multilevel Adolescent Dating Violence Prevention. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:445-7. [PMID: 26296442 PMCID: PMC5890917 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Rothman
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Megan H Bair-Merritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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