1
|
Haapanen KA, Christens BD, Speer PW, Freeman HE. Narrative change for health equity in grassroots community organizing: A study of initiatives in Michigan and Ohio. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 73:390-407. [PMID: 37807963 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
To achieve health equity, there is a need to act on the social determinants of health. This reality is now understood more widely, and in greater detail, than ever. Amid this movement toward health equity, there has been a natural gravitation to community organizing, which has long worked to produce more equitable systems and policies. Community organizing builds power through cycles of listening, participatory research, collective action, and reflection. One manifestation of this power is that organizing initiatives can often influence which issues are up for public debate, and the terms of those debates. This dimension of community power is often described by practitioners as narrative change work, and involves intervening on, complicating, and resisting dominant societal narratives that hinder action on the systems that perpetuate inequity. This article reports results from a study of organizing initiatives in Detroit, MI and Cincinnati, OH which both engaged in intentional narrative change work around health and health equity. We analyzed data from interviews with 35 key leaders across both cities. Results describe the organizational processes and activities taking place in both sites, with an emphasis on one issue in each city: educational equity in Cincinnati and water equity in Detroit. We then use coded interview data to examine how narrative change work took place in organizing around these issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, a challenging time for organizing initiatives. Results provide insights into adaptations taking place in community organizing during this time, as well as various approaches to narrative change work as part of holistic efforts to build and exercise community power to alter social determinants of health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krista A Haapanen
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brian D Christens
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul W Speer
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sprague Martinez L, Ginzburg SL, Ron S, Brinkerhoff CA, Haque S, England SA, Khimani K, Zamore W, Reisner E, Lowe L, Brugge D. Communities catalyzing change with data to mitigate an invisible menace, traffic-related air pollution. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:411. [PMID: 38331744 PMCID: PMC10854106 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify strategies and tactics communities use to translate research into environmental health action. METHODS We employed a qualitative case study design to explore public health action conducted by residents, organizers, and public health planners in two Massachusetts communities as part of a community based participatory (CBPR) research study. Data sources included key informant interviews (n = 24), reports and direct observation of research and community meetings (n = 10) and project meeting minutes from 2016-2021. Data were coded deductively drawing on the community organizing and implementation frameworks. RESULTS In Boston Chinatown, partners drew broad participation from community-based organizations, residents, and municipal leaders, which resulted in air pollution mitigation efforts being embedded in the master planning process. In Somerville, partners focused on change at multiple levels, developer behavior, and separate from the funded research, local legislative efforts, and litigation. CONCLUSIONS CBPR affords communities the ability to environmental health efforts in a way that is locally meaningful, leveraging their respective strengths. External facilitation can support the continuity and sustainment of community led CBPR efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sprague Martinez
- School of Social Work, Macro Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Health Disparities Institute, 241 Main Street, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA.
| | - Shir Lerman Ginzburg
- Department of Public Health, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sharon Ron
- Metropolitan Area Planning Council, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Samiya Haque
- School of Social Work, Macro Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kynza Khimani
- School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Wig Zamore
- Somerville Transportation Equity Partnership, Somerville, MA, USA
| | - Ellin Reisner
- Somerville Transportation Equity Partnership, Somerville, MA, USA
| | - Lydia Lowe
- Chinatown Community Land Trust, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Doug Brugge
- School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sandín Vázquez M, Pastor A, Molina de la Fuente I, Conde Espejo P, Sureda Llul F. Using photovoice to generate policy recommendations to improve the alcohol urban environment: A participatory action research project. Health Place 2023; 84:103131. [PMID: 37847983 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The place where we live, work and play may influence our alcohol drinking behaviours. This study aimed to present local policy recommendations on urban determinants for alcohol consumption prevention in a low-income and a high-income area of Madrid (Spain) using a participatory action research method, with photovoice and nominal group techniques. Participants (n = 26) engaged in a photovoice project initiated a process of critical reflection by discussing and analysing their alcohol environment based on photographs they took themselves. At the end of six week group discussion sessions, participants identified 33 themes related to their alcohol environment. They later met to translate the final categories into urban policy recommendations using a logical framework approach. Then, with a nominal group, they prioritized these recommendations based on time, impact, feasibility, and cost. Finally, participants produced a total of 61 policy recommendations for the improvement of the alcohol environment, highlighting the need for researcher-community collaborations when designing public health interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Sandín Vázquez
- Surgery, Medical and Social Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10027, United States.
| | - Andrea Pastor
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Molina de la Fuente
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Conde Espejo
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Sureda Llul
- Surgery, Medical and Social Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10027, United States; Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Respiratory Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kadariya S, Ball L, Chua D, Ryding H, Hobby J, Marsh J, Bartrim K, Mitchell L, Parkinson J. Community Organising Frameworks, Models, and Processes to Improve Health: A Systematic Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5341. [PMID: 37047956 PMCID: PMC10093850 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Community involvement engages, empowers, and mobilises people to achieve their shared goals by addressing structural inequalities in the social and built environment. Through this review, we summarised published information on models, frameworks, and/or processes of community organising used in the context of health initiatives or interventions and documented the outcomes following their use. A systematic scoping review was conducted in three databases with no restrictions on the date of publication, country, or written language. Out of 5044 studies, 38 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The targeted health outcomes explored by the studies were diverse and included sub-domains such as the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, sexual and reproductive health, access to healthcare and equity, and substance abuse and chronic disease management. The outcomes of most initiatives or interventions were promising, with positive changes reported for the target populations. A wide variation was noted in the models, frameworks, or processes of community organising utilised in these studies. We concluded that variation implies that no single model, framework, or process seems to have predominance over others in implementing community organising as a vehicle of positive social change within the health domain. The review also highlighted the need for a more standardised approach to the implementation and evaluation of these initiatives. We recommend that it is essential to foster public and non-governmental sector partnerships to promote community-driven health promotion efforts for a more sustainable approach to these initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Kadariya
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Lauren Ball
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- School of SHS–Nutrition and Dietetics, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
| | - David Chua
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Henriette Ryding
- School of SHS–Nutrition and Dietetics, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
| | - Julie Hobby
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Julie Marsh
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Karly Bartrim
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Lana Mitchell
- School of SHS–Nutrition and Dietetics, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
| | - Joy Parkinson
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Australian eHealth Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Herston 4029, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Q, Douglas JA, Subica AM. Examining neighbourhood-level disparities in Black, Latina/o, Asian, and White physical health, mental health, chronic conditions, and social disadvantage in California. Glob Public Health 2023; 18:2273425. [PMID: 37902041 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2273425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Racial/ethnic minority individuals in the U.S. experience numerous health disparities versus Whites, often due to differences in social determinants. Yet, limited large-scale research has examined these differences at the neighbourhood level. We merged 2021 PLACES Project and 2020 American Community Survey data across 3,211 census tracts (neighbourhoods) defined as majority (>50%) Black, Latina/o, Asian or White. T-tests and hierarchical linear regressions were used to examine differences and associations between neighbourhoods on key health (general health, mental health, obesity, diabetes, cancer, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke), and social outcomes (income, unemployment, age, population density). Results indicated that minority neighbourhoods in California exhibited stark health and social disparities versus White neighbourhoods, displaying worse outcomes on nearly every social and health variable/condition examined; particularly for Black and Latina/o neighbourhoods. Moreover, regression findings revealed that, after considering income, unemployment, and population density, (1) fair/poor mental health and higher percentages of Black, Latina/o and Asian residents in neighbourhoods independently associated with greater neighbourhood fair/poor physical health, and (2) fair/poor mental health significantly associated with greater prevalence of obesity and COPD. This study thus underscores the need to address the profound health and social disparities experienced by minority neighbourhoods for more equitable neighbourhoods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxi Li
- Department of Social Medicine, Population, and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jason A Douglas
- Department of Health, Society, and Behavior, Program in Public Health, Center for Environmental Health Disparities Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Subica
- Department of Social Medicine, Population, and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bishop V, Bainbridge D, Kumar S, Williams A, Law M, Pesut B, Chochinov H, Seow H. The impact of the Caremongering social media movement: A convergent parallel mixed-methods study. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e5167-e5175. [PMID: 35866253 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as business restrictions, social distancing and lockdowns, had social and economic impacts on individuals and communities. Caremongering Facebook groups spread across Canada to support vulnerable individuals by providing a forum for sharing information and offering assistance. We sought to understand the specific impacts of Caremongering groups on individuals 1 year after the pandemic began. We used a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach that included semi-structured interviews with group moderators from 16 Caremongering groups and survey data from 165 group members. We used a constant comparative approach for thematic analysis of interview transcripts and open-ended text responses to the survey. We used source theme tables as joint displays to integrate interview and survey findings. Our results revealed five major themes: providing food, sharing information, supporting health and wellness, acquiring goods and services (non-food), and connecting communities. Respondents of our survey tended to be 35-65 years of age range, but reported helping adults of all ages. Our findings illustrate the potential of using a social media platform to connect with others and provide and access support. The Caremongering initiative demonstrates a community-driven, social media solution to issues such as isolation, loneliness and community health promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Bishop
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daryl Bainbridge
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shilpa Kumar
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison Williams
- School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madelyn Law
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Pesut
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Harvey Chochinov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hsien Seow
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cunningham-Sabo L, Tagtow A, Mi S, Engelken J, Johnston K, Herman DR. Partnerships and Community Engagement Key to Policy, Systems, and Environmental Achievements for Healthy Eating and Active Living: a Systematic Mapping Review. Prev Chronic Dis 2022; 19:E54. [PMID: 36007254 PMCID: PMC9480846 DOI: 10.5888/pcd19.210466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change approaches frequently address healthy eating and active living (HEAL) priorities. However, the health effects of PSE HEAL initiatives are not well known because of their design complexity and short duration. Planning and evaluation frameworks can guide PSE activities to generate collective impact. We applied a systematic mapping review to the Individual plus PSE Conceptual Framework for Action (I+PSE) to describe characteristics, achievements, challenges, and evaluation strategies of PSE HEAL initiatives. METHODS We identified peer-reviewed articles published from January 2009 through January 2021 by using CINAHL, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CAB Abstracts databases. Articles describing implementation and results of PSE HEAL initiatives were included. Activities were mapped against I+PSE components to identify gaps in evaluation efforts. RESULTS Independent reviewers examined 437 titles and abstracts; 52 peer-reviewed articles met all inclusion criteria. Twenty-four focused on healthy eating, 5 on active living, and 23 on HEAL. Descriptive analyses identified federal funding of initiatives (typically 1-3 years), multisector settings, and mixed-methods evaluation strategies as dominant characteristics. Only 11 articles reported on initiatives that used a formal planning and evaluation framework. Achievements focused on partnership development, individual behavior, environmental or policy changes, and provision of technical assistance. Challenges included lack of local coalition and community engagement in initiatives and evaluation activities and insufficient time and resources to accomplish objectives. The review team noted vague or absent descriptions of evaluation activities, resulting in questionable characterizations of processes and outcomes. Although formation of partnerships was the most commonly reported accomplishment, I+PSE mapping revealed a lack of engagement assessment and its contributions toward initiative impact. CONCLUSION PSE HEAL initiatives reported successes in multiple areas but also challenges related to partnership engagement and community buy-in. These 2 areas are essential for the success of PSE HEAL initiatives and need to be adequately evaluated so improvements can be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Cunningham-Sabo
- Colorado State University, Food Science and Human Nutrition, 1571 Campus Delivery, 234 Gifford Building, Fort Collins, CO 80523. .,Colorado School of Public Health, Community and Behavioral Health, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Sirui Mi
- Colorado State University, Food Science and Human Nutrition, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jessa Engelken
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Nutritional Sciences Program, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kiaya Johnston
- Colorado State University, Food Science and Human Nutrition, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Dena R Herman
- University of California Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California.,California State University Northridge, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Northridge, California
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Subica AM, Link BG. Cultural trauma as a fundamental cause of health disparities. Soc Sci Med 2022; 292:114574. [PMID: 34808396 PMCID: PMC9006767 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Health disparities disproportionately affect minority cultural groups (e.g., Indigenous, immigrant, refugee) worldwide; enduring across time, disease states, and risk factors despite co-occurring advancements in health and medicine. Fundamental cause theory holds that important social factors (e.g., socioeconomic status, stigma, racism) produce health disparities by restricting equitable access to health-protective resources. Yet, extant literature has not utilized fundamental cause theory to describe the health disparities impact of cultural trauma: an overwhelming, often ongoing physical or psychological assault by an oppressive dominant group on another group's cultural resources through force, threats of force, or oppressive policies. This paper presents a novel conceptual model detailing cultural trauma and the mechanisms through which it may disrupt health and create disparities by damaging three health-protective cultural resources: cultural modes, institutions, and lands. Following cultural trauma, we propose affected groups are socially disadvantaged and exposed to pervasive stress, stigma, and diminished resources, perpetuating health disparities across generations. Consequently, cultural trauma may represent an unrecognized fundamental cause of health disparities, offering potential avenues for promoting health equity through targeted research, interventions, and policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Subica
- University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Population, and Public Health, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA,Corresponding author. (A.M. Subica)
| | - Bruce G. Link
- University of California, Riverside School of Public Policy, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Christens BD, Gupta J, Speer PW. Community organizing: Studying the development and exercise of grassroots power. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:3001-3016. [PMID: 34473854 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is now wide recognition that grassroots community organizing is a uniquely necessary approach for contending with the persistent and escalating socioeconomic inequities that manifest as disparities across many societal domains, including housing, safety, education, and mental and physical health. The articles in this special issue report findings from studies designed to increase understanding of community organizing processes and produce actionable knowledge that can enhance these and other similar efforts to create more equitable and just cities and regions. These studies examine a variety of community organizing campaigns, initiatives, and networks in North America, as well as one in Bulgaria, and one in South Africa. These groups are building social power and demanding economic, racial, educational, and environmental justice. In this introductory article, we highlight some of the themes that emerge from this set of studies and make recommendations for future roles that research can play in advancing collective understanding and the practical objectives of grassroots organizing initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Christens
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jyoti Gupta
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul W Speer
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Seow H, McMillan K, Civak M, Bainbridge D, van der Wal A, Haanstra C, Goldhar J, Winemaker S. #Caremongering: A community-led social movement to address health and social needs during COVID-19. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245483. [PMID: 33444420 PMCID: PMC7808573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To combat social distancing and stay-at-home restrictions due to COVID-19, Canadian communities began a Facebook social media movement, #Caremongering, to support vulnerable individuals in their communities. Little research has examined the spread and use of #Caremongering to address community health and social needs. Objectives We examined the rate at which #Caremongering grew across Canada, the main ways the groups were used, and differences in use by membership size and activity. Methods We searched Facebook Groups using the term “Caremongering” combined with the names of the largest population centres in every province and territory in Canada. We extracted available Facebook analytics on all the groups found, restricted to public groups that operated in English. We further conducted a content analysis of themes from postings in 30 groups using purposive sampling. Posted content was qualitatively analyzed to determine consistent themes across the groups and between those with smaller and larger member numbers. Results The search of Facebook groups across 185 cities yielded 130 unique groups, including groups from all 13 provinces and territories in Canada. Total membership across all groups as of May 4, 2020 was 194,879. The vast majority were formed within days of the global pandemic announcement, two months prior. There were four major themes identified: personal protective equipment, offer, need, and information. Few differences were found between how large and small groups were being used. Conclusions The #Caremongering Facebook groups spread across the entire nation in a matter of days, engaging hundreds of thousands of Canadians. Social media appears to be a useful tool for spreading community-led solutions to address health and social needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsien Seow
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Kayla McMillan
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret Civak
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daryl Bainbridge
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison van der Wal
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jodeme Goldhar
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha Winemaker
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Williamson DHZ, Yu EX, Hunter CM, Kaufman JA, Komro K, Jelks NO, Johnson DA, Gribble MO, Kegler MC. A Scoping Review of Capacity-Building Efforts to Address Environmental Justice Concerns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3765. [PMID: 32466474 PMCID: PMC7312702 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental justice (EJ) efforts aimed at capacity building are essential to addressing environmental health disparities; however, limited attention has been given to describing these efforts. This study reports findings from a scoping review of community-academic partnerships and community-led efforts to address environmental inequities related to air, water, and land pollution in the United States. Literature published in peer-reviewed journals from January 1986 through March 2018 were included, and community capacity theory was applied as a framework for understanding the scope of capacity-building and community change strategies to address EJ concerns. Paired teams of independent analysts conducted a search for relevant articles (n = 8452 citations identified), filtered records for content abstraction and possible inclusion (n = 163) and characterized selected studies (n = 58). Most articles implemented activities that were aligned with community capacity dimensions of citizen participation (96.4%, n = 53), community power (78%, n = 45), leadership (78%, n = 45), and networks (81%, n = 47); few articles identified a direct policy change (22%, n = 13), and many articles discussed the policy implications of findings for future work (62%, n = 36). This review synthesizes three decades of efforts to reduce environmental inequities and identifies strategic approaches used for strengthening community capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana H. Z. Williamson
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.K.); (M.C.K.)
| | - Emma X. Yu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.X.Y.); (C.M.H.); (M.O.G.)
| | - Candis M. Hunter
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.X.Y.); (C.M.H.); (M.O.G.)
| | - John A. Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.A.K.); (D.A.J.)
| | - Kelli Komro
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.K.); (M.C.K.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.A.K.); (D.A.J.)
| | | | - Dayna A. Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.A.K.); (D.A.J.)
| | - Matthew O. Gribble
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.X.Y.); (C.M.H.); (M.O.G.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.A.K.); (D.A.J.)
| | - Michelle C. Kegler
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.K.); (M.C.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leser KA, Liu ST, Smathers CA, Graffagnino CL, Pirie PL. Adoption, Sustainability, and Dissemination of Chronic Disease Prevention Policies in Community-Based Organizations. Health Promot Pract 2019; 22:72-81. [PMID: 31155948 DOI: 10.1177/1524839919850757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Despite increasing interest in structural (policy, systems, and environmental) changes to improve health, little attention has focused on the adoption, implementation, sustainability, and potential for dissemination of these changes among local community-based organizations. Method. A mixed methods approach was used for this process evaluation. Representatives of nine community-based organizations were surveyed using closed-ended questions and in-depth qualitative interviews to describe 32 policy changes. Diffusion of Innovation theory was used to inform the development of survey questions and the interview guide. Results. Policies adopted by local community-based organizations concerned types of food/beverages provided to staff/clients, methods to encourage physical activity, breastfeeding support, and tobacco control. The majority of the policies were either fully (66%) or partially (31%) implemented 1 year after their initial adoption. In general, participants somewhat/strongly agreed that policies had characteristics that predict sustainability/diffusion (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability). In-depth interview responses described a generally smooth process for policy adoption and high levels of optimism for continued sustainability but revealed few efforts to disseminate the policies beyond the original organization. Conclusions. Structural changes in community-based organizations are a valuable tool for encouraging healthy changes in communities and have great potential to be adopted, sustained, and diffused.
Collapse
|
13
|
Redwood D, Mitchell-Box K, Peterson E, Provost E. Improving the Health of Alaska Native People Through Use of a Policy Change Model and Capacity Building. Prev Chronic Dis 2019; 16:E64. [PMID: 31124435 PMCID: PMC6549431 DOI: 10.5888/pcd16.190077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health training often includes program and education development but not policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) strategies. The Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium's Good Health and Wellness in Indian Country program works to build tribal PSE change capacity. Trainings included community health assessment, facilitation and leadership engagement, policy and systems, and digital storytelling. From 2014 to 2017, 30 PSE changes were made: 3 tobacco-free healthcare organization policies; 2 tobacco-free tribal resolutions; 1 tobacco-free school district policy; 3 healthy food policies and environmental changes; 4 improvements in patient-provider communication; 13 prediabetes, obesity, and/or tobacco screening and referral policies; 3 improvements to health care facility signage; and 1 Baby-friendly Hospital application, protecting the health of 46,000 tribal community members. Targeted training and technical assistance moved tribal staff from a focus on direct services to population-based improvements. This increased self-efficacy may increase the sustainability of chronic disease public health efforts and improve tribal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Redwood
- Alaska Native Epidemiology Center, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Dr, Anchorage, Alaska 99508.
| | - Kristen Mitchell-Box
- Alaska Native Epidemiology Center, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Erin Peterson
- Alaska Native Epidemiology Center, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Ellen Provost
- Alaska Native Epidemiology Center, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stasi S, Spengler J, Maddock J, McKyer L, Clark H. Increasing Access to Physical Activity Within Low Income and Diverse Communities: A Systematic Review. Am J Health Promot 2019; 33:933-940. [DOI: 10.1177/0890117119832257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this review is to uncover some best practices for increasing access to physical activity opportunities by examining efforts used within low income and diverse communities. The theoretical lens used is from the Active Living by Design (ALbD) Community Action Model, with a focus on the 6 essential practices (health equity focus, community engagement, facilitative leadership, sustainable thinking, culture of learning, and strategic communication) describing how partnerships can guide and sustain meaningful change in a community. Methods: A 2-step process guided the literature search. In step 1, 4 databases (PubMed, Psych INFO, Social Science Citation Index, and Cochrane Library) were searched using Boolean connections and variations in the key terms. Step 2 assessed articles by title, abstract, and full text to determine whether the studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Additionally, included articles were compared against the 6 essential practices outlined by the ecological framework, ALbD. Results: Of 1775 total articles, 14 studies met inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were case studies located in the United States using several different approaches including, changes in the built environment, implementation of a community-based physical activity program, creating partnerships to leverage resources, and policy change. This review compared the 14 studies against the 6 essential practices of the ALbD model and found 2 studies that met all 6 criteria, and only a few studies meeting more than 2 criteria. Conclusions: Overall, the conclusions are 2-fold, (1) only 14 cases demonstrate success in increasing access to physical activity opportunities, suggesting that more can be done to address inequalities. (2) Of the existing efforts, few utilize crucial components to create a sustainable change in the community. Future research should take into consideration the ALbD ecological framework, the best existing theory for this type of work, to guide the creation and implementation of a sustainable community access effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Stasi
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J. Spengler
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J. Maddock
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - L. McKyer
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - H. Clark
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Korn AR, Hennessy E, Tovar A, Finn C, Hammond RA, Economos CD. Engaging Coalitions in Community-Based Childhood Obesity Prevention Interventions: A Mixed Methods Assessment. Child Obes 2018; 14:537-552. [PMID: 30188181 PMCID: PMC6249669 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2018.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity prevention interventions have engaged coalitions in study design, implementation, and/or evaluation to improve research outcomes; yet, no systematic reviews have been conducted on this topic. This mixed methods review aims to characterize the processes and dynamics of coalition engagement in community-based childhood obesity prevention interventions. METHODS Data Sources: Studies extracted from Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science; complementary original survey and interview data among researchers of included studies. Eligible Studies: Multisetting community-based obesity prevention interventions in high-income countries targeting children 0-12 years with anthropometric, behavioral, or environmental/policy outcomes. The Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Conceptual Model was used as an overarching framework. RESULTS Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria. Elements of CBPR were evident across all studies with community engagement in problem identification (n = 7), design/planning (n = 11), implementation (n = 12), evaluation (n = 4), dissemination (n = 2), and sustainability (n = 10) phases. Five studies reported favorable intervention effects on anthropometric (n = 4), behavioral (n = 1), and/or policy (n = 1) outcomes; descriptive associations suggested that these studies tended to engage community members in a greater number of research phases. Researchers involved in 7 of 13 included studies completed a survey and interview. Respondents recalled the importance of group facilitation, leadership, and shared understanding to multisector coalition work. Perceived coalition impacts included community capacity building and intervention sustainability. CONCLUSIONS This review contributes to a deeper understanding of intervention processes and dynamics within communities engaged in childhood obesity prevention. Future research should more rigorously assess and report on coalition involvement to assess the influence of coalitions on multiple outcomes, including child weight status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariella R. Korn
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Erin Hennessy
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Alison Tovar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Camille Finn
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Christina D. Economos
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA.,Address correspondence to: Christina D. Economos, PhD, Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kwaan MR, Jones-Webb R. Colorectal Cancer Screening in Black Men: Recommendations for Best Practices. Am J Prev Med 2018; 55:S95-S102. [PMID: 30670207 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Screening for colorectal cancer has been demonstrated to reduce colorectal cancer mortality. Blacks have a higher mortality from this malignancy, particularly men, yet screening rates in this population are often found to be lower than in whites. A modest literature demonstrates effective interventions that can increase screening rates in blacks; however, results are not consistent and ongoing work is required. Most work has not addressed specific barriers to screening in black men. Given the lack of studies on black men only, this study evaluated the state of research in the black population using a PubMed search. The authors provide commentary that proposes increased (1) state and local government support for collaborative programs with healthcare organizations, including patient navigation; (2) augmented community-organizing efforts to generate more attention to the need for colorectal cancer screening in the black community, with a focus on black men; and (3) federal research funding to promote investigation into new interventions and evaluation of existing ones. Specific recommendations for black men include lowering the screening age to 45years, increasing access to health care, the use of patient navigators, and improved reporting and monitoring of colorectal cancer screening rates. SUPPLEMENT INFORMATION: This article is part of a supplement entitled African American Men's Health: Research, Practice, and Policy Implications, which is sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Kwaan
- Department of Surgery, University California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Rhonda Jones-Webb
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Subica AM, Agarwal N, Sullivan JG, Link BG. Obesity and Associated Health Disparities Among Understudied Multiracial, Pacific Islander, and American Indian Adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:2128-2136. [PMID: 29071803 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the state of obesity, diabetes, and associated health disparities among understudied multiracial, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI), and American Indian and Alaskan Native (AIAN) adults. METHODS Aggregated data for 184,617 adults from the California Health Interview Survey (2005 to 2011) were analyzed to determine obesity, diabetes, poor/fair health, and physical disability prevalence by racial group. Logistic regressions controlling for age, gender, and key social determinants (education, marital status, poverty, health insurance) generated multiracial, NHOPI, and AIAN adults' odds ratios (ORs) for our targeted health conditions versus non-Hispanic white adults. RESULTS Obesity, diabetes, and other targeted health conditions were highly prevalent among multiracial, NHOPI, and AIAN adults, who displayed significantly greater adjusted odds than non-Hispanic white adults for obesity (ORs = 1.2-1.9), diabetes (ORs = 1.6-2.4), poor/fair health (ORs = 1.4-1.7), and, with the exception of NHOPI adults, physical disability (ORs = 1.5-1.6). Multiracial and AIAN adults with obesity also had significantly higher adjusted odds of diabetes (OR = 1.5-2.6) than non-Hispanic white adults with obesity. CONCLUSIONS Multiracial, NHOPI, and AIAN adults experience striking obesity-related disparities versus non-Hispanic white adults, urging further disparities research with these vulnerable minority populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Subica
- Center for Healthy Communities, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Neha Agarwal
- Department of Economics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - J Greer Sullivan
- Center for Healthy Communities, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Bruce G Link
- School of Public Policy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|