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Talbot M, Miller L, Hafoka S. Child safety seat checks in Salt Lake County: protective and risk factors. Inj Prev 2024:ip-2023-045218. [PMID: 38789250 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older children are at an increased risk of injury due to less commonly being in an appropriate child safety seat (CSS). Proper installation and consistent use of CSSs can significantly reduce child and infant automobile injuries. While research exists around parent behaviours concerning CSS use (or lack), little research takes place at the county level to identify normative beliefs as they contribute to risk factors. METHODS Through a mixed-methods approach, this evaluation retrospectively determines the Salt Lake County Health Department's impact on CSS usage, as well as identify normative parent behaviours that impact CSS usage. RESULTS Results indicated that parents' level of education and being in the car with family/friends was significantly associated with overall CSS usage. DISCUSSION More research is needed to specify parent normative beliefs around CSS use (or lack).
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Talbot
- Health Department, Salt Lake County, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Linsey Miller
- Health Department, Salt Lake County, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Siosaia Hafoka
- Health Department, Salt Lake County, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Al-Wassia HK, Bokhari OK, Aljahdali MA, Bawazier MAN, Basheikh MAB, Alsheekh MA, Alandunesi YT, Hakeem MN, Bamehrez MY, Meisha DE. Use of Child Safety Seat and its Determinants in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 12:175-181. [PMID: 38764567 PMCID: PMC11098269 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_330_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Background A child safety seat protects children from injury during motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). However, there is a lack of enforcement of regulation regarding its use in Saudi Arabia. Objectives This study aimed to determine the use of child safety seat and its determinants and barriers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was based on a structured face-to-face interview across Jeddah among families who drove in cars with children aged ≤5 years. The study used stratified multistage random sampling across the population of the governorate of Jeddah. Results A total of 675 parents were included, of which 311 (46.1%) reported having a child safety seat in their vehicle, and only 165 (24.4%) reported its regular use. Awareness levels among parents regarding child safety seat use and its benefits, parents' level of education, family size, family income, and the belief in the need for laws governing child safety seat were key determinants of child safety seat use. Poor awareness among parents regarding the utility of child safety seat in reducing child injuries, low education levels among parents, larger families with multiple children, poor affordability, low family income, and a clear lack of laws mandating the use of child safety seat were identified as key barriers. Conclusions The regular use of child safety seat for children aged ≤5 years is low in even one of the most urban populations of Saudi Arabia. This indicates the need for large-scale awareness drives and stricter implementation of laws enforcing the use of child safety seat in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Kamal Al-Wassia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar K. Bokhari
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maha Y. Bamehrez
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia E. Meisha
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Popa Ș, Ciongradi CI, Sârbu I, Bîcă O, Popa IP, Bulgaru-Iliescu D. Traffic Accidents in Children and Adolescents: A Complex Orthopedic and Medico-Legal Approach. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1446. [PMID: 37761407 PMCID: PMC10527870 DOI: 10.3390/children10091446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Traffic accidents involving children and adolescents present complex challenges from both the medico-legal and orthopedic standpoints. Despite the implementation of road traffic safety laws, pediatric road traffic injuries continue to be a significant contributor to mortality rates, physical harm, and hospitalization on a global scale. For children and young people, automobile accidents are considered to be the primary culprit of mortality in developed nations. Even in highly developed nations, trauma is a significant factor in infant mortality. Each age category, from childhood to young adulthood, has its fracture patterns, as their skeletons are considerably different from those of adults. The consequences of traffic accidents extend beyond the immediate physical trauma. The medico-legal aspects surrounding these incidents add another layer of complexity, as legal repercussions may affect the responsible adult or parent, particularly in cases involving child fatalities. To effectively address traffic accidents in children and adolescents, a comprehensive approach is necessary. This approach should involve not only medical professionals but also legal experts and policymakers. Collaboration between orthopedic specialists, medico-legal professionals, law enforcement agencies, and relevant government bodies can facilitate the development and implementation of strategies aimed at prevention, education, the enforcement of traffic laws, and improved infrastructure. By addressing both the medical and legal aspects, it is possible to enhance road safety for children and adolescents, reducing the incidence of injuries and their associated long-term consequences. In this review, we aimed to summarize traffic accidents in children and adolescents from a complex orthopedic and medico-legal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ștefan Popa
- 2nd Department of Surgery–Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (Ș.P.); (I.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Carmen Iulia Ciongradi
- 2nd Department of Surgery–Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (Ș.P.); (I.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Ioan Sârbu
- 2nd Department of Surgery–Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (Ș.P.); (I.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Ovidiu Bîcă
- 2nd Department of Surgery–Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (Ș.P.); (I.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Irene Paula Popa
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Diana Bulgaru-Iliescu
- 3rd Department of Medical Specialities–Legal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania;
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Anderson DM, Peterson RW. Rear-facing child safety seat effectiveness: evidence from motor vehicle crash data. Inj Prev 2023; 29:320-326. [PMID: 36918272 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated their car safety seat (CSS) guidelines to recommend that children ride rear-facing as long as possible, yet evidence from observational studies on rear-facing CSS effectiveness is limited. This study estimated the association between rear-facing CSS use and injuries among children aged 0-4 years who were involved in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). METHODS This study analysed data on all MVCs involving children aged 0-4 years reported to the Kansas Department of Transportation from 2011 to 2020. Children who were in a rear-facing CSS were compared with children who rode in a forward-facing device. Logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS In unadjusted models, rear-facing CSS use was associated with a 14% reduction in the odds of suffering any injury versus riding in a forward-facing CSS (OR 0.860, 95% CI 0.805 to 0.919). In models adjusted for potential confounders, rear-facing CSS use was associated with a 9% reduction in the odds of any injury relative to riding forward-facing (OR 0.909, 95% CI 0.840 to 0.983). These estimates were driven by children seated in the back outboard positions. Rear-facing CSS use was also negatively associated with incapacitating/fatal injuries, but these estimates were imprecise. CONCLUSIONS Children aged 0-4 years are less likely to be injured in an MVC if they are restrained in a rear-as opposed to forward-facing CSS. These results are particularly relevant because a number of state CSS laws do not require children of any age to ride rear-facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mark Anderson
- Agricultural Economics & Economics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ridge W Peterson
- Agricultural Economics & Economics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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Peden AE, Cullen P, Bhandari B, Testa L, Wang A, Ma T, Möller H, Peden M, Sawyer SM, Ivers R. A systematic review of the evidence for effectiveness of interventions to address transport and other unintentional injuries among adolescents. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2023; 85:321-338. [PMID: 37330882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, injuries are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity for adolescents, which disproportionately affect the disadvantaged. To build an investment case for adolescent injury prevention, evidence is needed as to effective interventions. METHODS A systematic review of peer-reviewed original research published between 2010-2022 was conducted. CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Embase, Medline and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies reporting the effectiveness of unintentional injury prevention interventions for adolescents (10-24 years), with assessment of study quality and equity (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity, socio-economic status). RESULTS Sixty-two studies were included; 59 (95.2%) from high-income countries (HIC). Thirty-eight studies (61.3%) reported no aspect of equity. Thirty-six studies (58.1%) reported prevention of sports injuries (commonly neuromuscular training often focused on soccer-related injuries, rule changes and protective equipment). Twenty-one studies (33.9%) reported prevention of road traffic injury, with legislative approaches, commonly graduated driver licensing schemes, found to be effective in reducing fatal and nonfatal road traffic injury. Seven studies reported interventions for other unintentional injuries (e.g., falls). DISCUSSION Interventions were strongly biased towards HIC, which does not reflect the global distribution of adolescent injury burden. Low consideration of equity in included studies indicates current evidence largely excludes adolescent populations at increased risk of injury. A large proportion of studies evaluated interventions to prevent sports injury, a prevalent yet low severity injury mechanism. Findings highlight the importance of education and enforcement alongside legislative approaches for preventing adolescent transport injuries. Despite drowning being a leading cause of injury-related harm among adolescents, no interventions were identified. CONCLUSION This review provides evidence to support investment in effective adolescent injury prevention interventions. Further evidence of effectiveness is needed, especially for low- and middle-income countries, populations at increased risk of injury who would benefit from greater consideration of equity and for high lethality injury mechanisms like drowning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Peden
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Patricia Cullen
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Ngarruwan Ngadju, First Peoples Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Buna Bhandari
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Central Department of Public Health, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, 44600, Nepal; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 02115, USA
| | - Luke Testa
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Amy Wang
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tracey Ma
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Holger Möller
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Margie Peden
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health UK, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; and Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ivers
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
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Núñez-Samudio V, Mayorga-Marín F, López Castillo H, Landires I. Epidemiological Characteristics of Road Traffic Injuries Involving Children in Three Central American Countries, 2012-2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010037. [PMID: 33374643 PMCID: PMC7793503 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a worldwide public health concern due to their high injury, mortality, and fatality rates, few studies have addressed the epidemiologic behavior of MVCs in Latin American youth. Thus, this study was aimed at describing and comparing the characteristics of MVCs involving 0 to 14-year-olds in Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Panama. A secondary aim was to estimate the crude MVC-related injury, fatality, and mortality rates and their trends over time. We conducted a descriptive, retrospective study using publicly available data for Costa Rica, Panama, and Guatemala between 2012 and 2015. We examined the reported MVC cases and calculated the crude injury, fatality, and mortality rates and their trends over time (α = 0.05). Publicly available data reported 12,020 MVC-related injuries and 431 MVC-related deaths involving 0 to 14-year-olds. The most frequent mechanisms involved 0 to 14-year-olds as passengers or pedestrians in MVCs (>85% of all cases). The highest crude MVC-related injury and mortality rates were reported for Panama (119.35 and 2.14 per 100,000 population, respectively, in 0 to 14-years-olds), while Guatemala had the highest median MVC-related fatality rate (8.84 per 100,000 events; χ2 [2] = 377.8; p < 0.001) with a statistically significant trend increasing over time (r = 0.947; p = 0.027). Although several factors play a role in the prevention of MVCs among 0 to 14-year-olds, we found that Costa Rica was the only country that implemented a policy on child restraint systems resulting in the lowest rates of MVC-related injury, mortality, and fatality. These results could be used by decision makers from the aforementioned Central American countries to develop adequate policies addressing MVC preventative strategies to protect Central American infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Núñez-Samudio
- Instituto de Ciencias Médicas, Las Tablas, Los Santos 0701, Panama;
- Sección de Epidemiología, Departamento de Salud Pública, Región de Salud de Herrera, Ministry of Health, Chitré, Herrera 0601, Panama
| | - Francisco Mayorga-Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma, Managua 10000, Nicaragua;
| | - Humberto López Castillo
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, UCF, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Iván Landires
- Instituto de Ciencias Médicas, Las Tablas, Los Santos 0701, Panama;
- Centro Regional Universitario de Azuero (CRUA), Universidad de Panamá, Chitré, Herrera 0601, Panama
- Hospital Joaquín Pablo Franco Sayas, Región de Salud de Los Santos, Ministry of Health, Las Tablas, Los Santos 0701, Panama
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Piotrowski CC, Warda L, Pankratz C, Dubberley K, Russell K, Assam H, Carevic M. A comparison of parent and child perspectives about barriers to and facilitators of bicycle helmet and booster seat use. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2020; 27:276-285. [PMID: 32354275 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2020.1760308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To date, little work has compared similarities and differences between parent and young people's perceptions of barriers to and facilitators of bicycle helmet and booster seat usage. Our goal was to conduct such a comparison in order to inform future safety campaigns. Eleven focus groups with a total of 68 parents and 11 focus groups with a total of 76 young people were conducted. Recruitment was conducted and focus groups were held in diverse neighbourhoods to facilitate participation by families from a variety of cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Overall, parents and their children agreed on 50% of the barriers identified for bicycle helmet use and approximately 40% of the barriers for booster seats. Barriers common to both types of equipment for parents and children included comfort, style and design, and fear of teasing. Common facilitators included perceived safety, and comfort. While there was considerable overlap between the perspectives of parents and young people, there were also differences, underscoring the importance of addressing both perspectives. The barriers and facilitators identified were modifiable to a large extent; based on these, recommendations for future injury prevention campaigns were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Piotrowski
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lynne Warda
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Curt Pankratz
- Department of Sociology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kate Dubberley
- Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kelly Russell
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harriet Assam
- Department of Sociology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mateja Carevic
- Department of Sociology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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