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Karras E, Stokes CM, Warfield SC, Bossarte RM. Designing mental health promotion campaigns: segmenting U.S. Veteran audiences to address public stigma. J Ment Health 2024; 33:341-347. [PMID: 35502828 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2069712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public stigma is a significant deterrent to mental health service use for U.S. veterans. Media campaigns are often used to dispel stigmatizing beliefs and actions. Segmentation is an evidence-based practice for their effective use; however, little data has been published on veteran segments to target with anti-stigma messages. AIMS This article aims to identify and describe initial typologies of stigmatizing attitudes within a group of U.S. military veterans. METHODS Telephone-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted with a national random sample of veterans from 2014 to 2016 (N = 2142). Stigma outcomes were measured using a brief, validated instrument used in population-based surveys of public perceptions toward people with mental illness. Cluster analysis was conducted to identify specific groupings along multiple dimensions. RESULTS A final four-cluster solution was identified among veterans with distinct patterns of attitudes toward mental illness and include: 1) the undecided, 2) the influencer, 3) the ambivalent, and 4) the potential ally. Several strategies were also identified for designing anti-stigma messaging toward these segments. CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrates veterans can be segmented by attitudes to target with anti-stigma campaign messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Karras
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, VA Finger Lakes Healthcare System, Canandaigua, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Cara M Stokes
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, VA Finger Lakes Healthcare System, Canandaigua, NY, USA
| | - Sara C Warfield
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, VA Finger Lakes Healthcare System, Canandaigua, NY, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Robert M Bossarte
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, VA Finger Lakes Healthcare System, Canandaigua, NY, USA
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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MacMonegle A, Bennett M, Speer JL, O'Brien EK, Pitzer L, Jaarsma A, Nguyen Zarndt A, Duke J. Evaluating The Real Cost Digital and Social Media Campaign: Longitudinal Effects of Campaign Exposure on E-cigarette Beliefs. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:S19-S26. [PMID: 38366338 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, youth e-cigarette use has risen exponentially. At the same time, digital media use increased markedly while the use of traditional broadcast TV declined. In response, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's The Real Cost public education campaign shifted to communicating the harms of e-cigarette via primarily digital and social platforms. This study evaluated longitudinal associations between exposure to campaign advertisements and changes in campaign-specific beliefs among US youth. METHODS A nationally representative longitudinal cohort of youth (aged 11-16 years at baseline) was surveyed five times. Building on earlier work, we analyzed data from the last three waves (April-July 2020; January-April 2021; and August-October 2021; N = 2625). We assessed self-reported exposure to six ads and agreement with 11 beliefs that were each targeted by one or more ads. Eleven weighted panel regression models assessed whether ad exposure predicted changes in campaign-specific beliefs over time. RESULTS We observed significant associations between ad exposure and increases in at least one campaign-specific belief for five of the six ads. Across the 11 beliefs, we observed associations between increased exposure and increases in 6 beliefs related to e-cigarettes and toxic metals, lung damage, dangerous ingredients, anxiety, cigarette use, and disappointing important people. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence that self-reported exposure to this digital and social media campaign was successful at influencing youth, providing support for the effectiveness of the campaign's adaption to address youth's changes in tobacco and media use habits. IMPLICATIONS The Food and Drug Administration's The Real Cost public education campaign educates youth about the dangers of e-cigarette use. This study evaluates longitudinal associations between exposure to The Real Cost's advertisements and changes in campaign-specific beliefs among youth. Considering evolving trends in youth media consumption, the campaign adapted its media approach to increase delivery across digital and social media platforms. Our findings indicate that the campaign reached its intended audience and increased youth beliefs around the harm of e-cigarettes and the consequences of e-cigarette use, offering evidence for the effectiveness of digital and social media youth prevention efforts within a fragmented digital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna MacMonegle
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Morgane Bennett
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica L Speer
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin Keely O'Brien
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsay Pitzer
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Allie Jaarsma
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anh Nguyen Zarndt
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Duke
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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MacMonegle AJ, Smith AA, Duke J, Bennett M, Siegel-Reamer LR, Pitzer L, Speer JL, Zhao X. Effects of a National Campaign on Youth Beliefs and Perceptions About Electronic Cigarettes and Smoking. Prev Chronic Dis 2022; 19:E16. [PMID: 35389831 PMCID: PMC8992685 DOI: 10.5888/pcd19.210332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our study assesses the relationship between the exposure of youth to the US Food and Drug Administration's national tobacco public education campaign, The Real Cost, and changes in campaign-focused risk perceptions and beliefs. METHODS A nationally representative cohort study of youth was conducted from June 2018 to July 2019, consisting of a baseline and one follow-up survey. We performed logistic regressions to examine the association between campaign exposure and beliefs. Exposure was measured by self-report as the frequency of exposure to individual campaign advertisements about the health consequences of e-cigarette use and of smoking cigarettes. RESULTS We found that increased levels of exposure to campaign advertising was associated with a significant increase in the odds of reporting agreement with campaign-specific beliefs. Positive patterns of findings were found across multiple items selected by specific advertisements, whereas unrelated beliefs were not associated with advertisement exposure. CONCLUSION A sustained national tobacco public education campaign can change beliefs about the harms of e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking among youth. Combined with other findings from The Real Cost evaluation, results indicate that prevention mass media campaigns continue to be an effective and cost-efficient approach to reduce the health and financial cost of tobacco use in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J MacMonegle
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
| | - Alexandria A Smith
- Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Duke
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Morgane Bennett
- Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Lindsay Pitzer
- Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Xiaoquan Zhao
- Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
- Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
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Karras E, Arriola N, McCarten JM, Britton PC, Besterman-Dahan K, Stecker TA. Perceptions of Public Messaging to Facilitate Help Seeking during Crisis among U.S. Veterans at Risk for Suicide. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:581-594. [PMID: 32896233 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1811183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objectives of this study were to (1) examine how veterans at risk for suicide understand and interpret suicide prevention messages, and (2) identify message features that support (or hinder) help seeking behaviors. METHOD Individual virtual interviews (N = 40) were conducted from August 2018 to April 2019 with a nationwide sample of veterans who had a recent non-fatal suicide attempt. Participants were exposed to three messages in public circulation that promote help seeking during crisis and an interview guide steered open-ended conversations on the mechanisms of persuasive communication. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a constant comparison analytic strategy in Atlas.ti. RESULTS Preferences for particular kinds of messages and features emerged during interviews based on a need for novel, emotionally intense stimuli among veterans. Specifically, messages with solemn themes and darker, more provocative imagery were believed to be particularly potent for engaging those at high risk. Although the goal of promoting help seeking was discernable, actionable steps (crisis line use) were not clearly communicated potentially preventing messages from increasing help seeking behaviors. CONCLUSION While messaging was perceived as capable of intervening to promote help seeking, participants reported distinct communication preferences and needs during periods of high risk. Findings underscore the significance of involving those with lived experience to inform the effective design and use of help seeking messaging targeting veterans at risk for suicide.HighlightsPublic messaging (campaigns) is a portable suicide prevention interventionCareful study is needed to effectively communicate help seeking messagesFindings inform the effective use of campaigns with veterans at risk for suicide.
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Stevens EM, Villanti AC, Leshner G, Wagener TL, Keller-Hamilton B, Mays D. Integrating Self-Report and Psychophysiological Measures in Waterpipe Tobacco Message Testing: A Novel Application of Multi-Attribute Decision Modeling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11814. [PMID: 34831571 PMCID: PMC8617707 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe (i.e., hookah) tobacco smoking (WTS) is one of the most prevalent types of smoking among young people, yet there is little public education communicating the risks of WTS to the population. Using self-report and psychophysiological measures, this study proposes an innovative message testing and data integration approach to choose optimal content for health communication messaging focusing on WTS. METHODS In a two-part study, we tested 12 WTS risk messages. Using crowdsourcing, participants (N = 713) rated WTS messages based on self-reported receptivity, engagement, attitudes, and negative emotions. In an in-lab study, participants (N = 120) viewed the 12 WTS risk messages while being monitored for heart rate and eye-tracking, and then completed a recognition task. Using a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) model, we integrated data from these two methods with scenarios assigning different weights to the self-report and laboratory data to identify optimal messages. RESULTS We identified different optimal messages when differently weighting the importance of specific attributes or data collection method (self-report, laboratory). Across all scenarios, five messages consistently ranked in the top half: four addressed harms content, both alone and with themes regarding social use and flavors and one addiction alone message. DISCUSSION Results showed that the self-report and psychophysiological data did not always have the same ranking and differed based on weighting of the two methods. These findings highlight the need to formatively test messages using multiple methods and use an integrated approach when selecting content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M. Stevens
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Preventative and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Andrea C. Villanti
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Glenn Leshner
- Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA;
| | - Theodore L. Wagener
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43214, USA; (T.L.W.); (B.K.-H.); (D.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brittney Keller-Hamilton
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43214, USA; (T.L.W.); (B.K.-H.); (D.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Darren Mays
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43214, USA; (T.L.W.); (B.K.-H.); (D.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Adolescent depression symptoms and e-cigarette progression. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109072. [PMID: 34571288 PMCID: PMC8595844 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression symptoms are associated with the initiation of cigarette smoking and progression to regular use. Whether similar relationships exist between depression symptoms and adolescent e-cigarette progression has not been firmly established. METHODS This prospective longitudinal survey study measured the relationship between depression symptoms and e-cigarette use among 1822 adolescents from four public high schools outside of Philadelphia, PA. Adolescents completed in-classroom surveys at wave 1 (fall 2016, 9th grade) and 6-month intervals for the following 36 months (fall 2019, 12th grade). E-cigarette use, depression symptoms, and potential covariates were measured at each wave. A latent growth curve model was used to assess the longitudinal relationship between e-cigarette use and depression symptoms. RESULTS Baseline depressive symptoms had a significant effect on e-cigarette use trend (b = 0.01, z = 4.29, p < 0.0001) while holding other variables constant. A standard deviation increase in depressive symptoms at baseline was associated with a 0.25 standard deviation increase in the rate of e-cigarette progression across the following 36 months. By contrast, the path from baseline e-cigarette use to depressive symptoms trend was not significant (p = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS The present study provides new evidence for the effects of depression symptoms on adolescent e-cigarette progression. Greater depressive symptoms at age 14 years old were associated with a faster rate of e-cigarette escalation. However, e-cigarette use was not related to the development of depression symptoms over time. It will be important to examine whether adolescents with elevated depression symptoms respond similarly to e-cigarette prevention campaigns as adolescents in general.
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Liu J, Gaiha SM, Halpern-Felsher B. A Breath of Knowledge: Overview of Current Adolescent E-cigarette Prevention and Cessation Programs. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020; 7:520-532. [PMID: 33204602 PMCID: PMC7661014 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Adolescent use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has risen rapidly, which is concerning given the health effects of e-cigarettes and youth susceptibility to nicotine addiction. It is critical that efforts to educate, prevent, and reduce adolescent use of e-cigarettes are developed and evaluated. The purpose of this paper is to review available current prevention and cessation programs. Findings A web-based search of currently available e-cigarette prevention and cessation/treatment programs was conducted using Google in May of 2020. Programs were then reviewed on whether they included theory- and evidence-based practices of effective adolescent prevention and cessation programs. Eight prevention programs, seven cessation programs, and one program that addressed both prevention and cessation were identified and included in this review. Most prevention programs included the importance of understanding flavored e-cigarette products, addressed industry-targeted marketing, included social learning activities to develop refusal skills, delivered free-of-cost, available online, and explicitly stated their incorporation of theory. Five prevention programs and two cessation programs had empirically evaluated their e-cigarette-related components. Conclusions Although the programs reviewed largely incorporated theory and included key components known to be effective, there are some gaps in the programs’ overall ability to prevent and stop adolescents from using e-cigarettes, such as lack of dedicated e-cigarette materials. More evidence-based tools, resources, and evaluations are needed to best inform adolescent e-cigarette cessation. Addressing the gaps that existing prevention and cessation programs present requires intervening at multiple systematic levels, conducting more rigorous program evaluations, and bolstering the availability of cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Liu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Shivani Mathur Gaiha
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, 770 Welch Road, Suite 100, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Bonnie Halpern-Felsher
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, 770 Welch Road, Suite 100, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
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Noar SM, Rohde JA, Prentice-Dunn H, Kresovich A, Hall MG, Brewer NT. Evaluating the actual and perceived effectiveness of E-cigarette prevention advertisements among adolescents. Addict Behav 2020; 109:106473. [PMID: 32521287 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of e-cigarette prevention ads among adolescents has seldom been studied. We examined the impact of ads from the The Real Cost vaping prevention media campaign on what adolescents think and believe about vaping. We also sought to test whether perceived message effectiveness (PME) served as a proxy for ad impact. METHODS Participants were 543 U.S. adolescents ages 13-17. In an online experiment, we randomized participants to either: 1) persuasive e-cigarette prevention video ads from the Food and Drug Administration's The Real Cost campaign that was targeted to adolescents or 2) information-only e-cigarette harms control videos (control condition). Participants in each condition viewed 2 videos in a random order. After ad exposure, the survey assessed PME (message and effects perceptions), risk beliefs about vaping, attitudes toward vaping, and intentions to vape. RESULTS The FDA's The Real Cost ads led to higher beliefs about the harms of vaping (p < .001), more negative attitudes toward vaping (p < .001), and lower intentions to vape (p < .05) compared to the control videos. The Real Cost ads also scored higher on both message perceptions (p < .001) and effects perceptions (p < .001) compared to control videos. Effects perceptions were associated with all three outcomes (all ps < 0.001, adjusting for both types of PME and covariates), but message perceptions did not offer additional predictive value. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to The Real Cost vaping prevention ads gave adolescents a more negative view of vaping and lowered their intentions to vape compared to control videos. Effects perceptions may be superior to message perceptions as a proxy for e-cigarette prevention ad impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Noar
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jacob A Rohde
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Prentice-Dunn
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alex Kresovich
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marissa G Hall
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Noel T Brewer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Zhao X. Health communication campaigns: A brief introduction and call for dialogue. Int J Nurs Sci 2020; 7:S11-S15. [PMID: 32995373 PMCID: PMC7501494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides a brief introduction to health communication campaigns as an important method for health promotion. The general approach to campaign development is described and patterns of campaign effects across behavioral contexts are noted. Several high-profile campaigns in the United States are presented as examples and key learnings from each campaign are highlighted. The roles of theory, as well as major types of theories commonly used in campaign research, are also discussed. The article urges greater efforts to document and understand diverse campaign experience around the world.
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Liu J, McLaughlin S, Lazaro A, Halpern-Felsher B. What Does It Meme? A Qualitative Analysis of Adolescents' Perceptions of Tobacco and Marijuana Messaging. Public Health Rep 2020; 135:578-586. [PMID: 32791026 DOI: 10.1177/0033354920947399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With the increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes and legalization of recreational marijuana, messaging from websites and social media is shaping product perceptions and use. Quantitative research on the aesthetic appeal of these advertisements from the adolescent and young adult perspective is lacking. We evaluated (1) how adolescents and young adults perceived tobacco and marijuana messaging online and through social media platforms and (2) interactive behaviors related to these messages. METHODS We interviewed 24 participants from the Tobacco Perceptions Study, a longitudinal study of adolescents' and young adults' (aged 17-21) tobacco-related perceptions and tobacco use. We collected qualitative data from October 2017 through February 2018, through individual semi-structured interviews, on participants' experiences and interactions with online tobacco and marijuana advertisements and the advertisements' appeal. Two analysts recorded, transcribed, and coded interviews. RESULTS Themes that emerged from the interviews focused on the direct appeal of online messaging to adolescents and young adults; the value of trusting the source; the role of general attitudes and personal decision-making related to using tobacco and/or marijuana; the appeal of messaging that includes colors, interesting packaging, and appealing flavors; and the preference of messages communicated by young people and influencers rather than by industry. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the need for increased regulation of social media messaging and marketing of tobacco and marijuana, with a particular focus on regulating social media, paid influencers, and marketing that appeals to adolescents and young adults. The findings also suggest the importance of prevention programs addressing the role of social media in influencing the use of tobacco and marijuana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Liu
- 1857 Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheila McLaughlin
- 6429 Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne Lazaro
- 6429 Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Bonnie Halpern-Felsher
- 6429 Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Crosby K. How the Food and Drug Administration Convinced Teens to Rethink Their Relationship With Cigarettes. Am J Prev Med 2019; 56:S1-S4. [PMID: 30661520 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Crosby
- Office of Health Communication and Education,Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
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Santiago S, Talbert EC, Benoza G. Finding Pete and Nikki: Defining the Target Audience for "The Real Cost" Campaign. Am J Prev Med 2019; 56:S9-S15. [PMID: 30661530 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Successfully reaching at-risk teens aged 12-17 years with smoking-prevention messages capable of changing their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about cigarette smoking requires a multifaceted approach to understand the target audience's unique demographic, environmental, behavioral, interpersonal, and intrapersonal characteristics. This paper explores the initial target audience segmentation and insights development approach used to create the underlying message strategy for "The Real Cost" youth smoking prevention media campaign-a public education effort responsible for preventing nearly 350,000 U.S. youth aged 11-18 years from initiating smoking from 2014 to 2016. SUPPLEMENT INFORMATION: This article is part of a supplement entitled Fifth Anniversary Retrospective of "The Real Cost," the Food and Drug Administration's Historic Youth Smoking Prevention Media Campaign, which is sponsored by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily C Talbert
- Office of Health Communication and Education, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
| | - Gem Benoza
- Office of Health Communication and Education, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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