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Hu L, Han X, Chen M, Zhang T. Association of waist circumference and BMI with premature death in young and middle-aged population. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1389766. [PMID: 38873315 PMCID: PMC11169795 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1389766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Premature death is a global health indicator, significantly impacted by obesity, especially in young and middle-aged population. Both body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) assess obesity, with WC specifically indicating central obesity and showing a stronger relationship with mortality. However, despite known associations between BMI and premature death, as well as the well-recognized correlation between WC and adverse health outcomes, the specific relationship between WC and premature death remains unclear. Therefore, focusing on young and middle-aged individuals, this study aimed to reliably estimate independent and combined associations between WC, BMI and premature death, thereby providing causal evidence to support strategies for obesity management. Methods This study involved 49,217 subjects aged 18-50 years in the United States from 1999 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Independent and combined associations between WC and BMI with premature death across sex and age stratum were examined by Cox regression. Survey weighting and inverse probability weighting (IPW) were further considered to control selection and confounding bias. Robustness assessment has been conducted on both NHANES and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data. Results A linear and positive relationship between WC and all-cause premature death was found in both males and females, with adjusted HRs of 1.019 (95%CI = 1.004-1.034) and 1.065 (95%CI = 1.039-1.091), respectively. Nonlinear relationships were found with respect to BMI and all-cause premature death. For females aged 36-50 with a BMI below 28.6 kg/m2, the risk of premature death decreased as BMI increased, indicated by adjusted HRs of 0.856 (95%CI = 0.790-0.927). Joint analysis showed among people living with obesity, a larger WC increased premature death risk (HR = 1.924, 95%CI = 1.444-2.564). Discussion WC and BMI exhibited prominent associations with premature death in young and middle-aged population. Maintaining an appropriate WC and BMI bears significant implications for preventing premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Nemoto Y, Brown WJ, Ding D, Nguyen B, Mielke GI. Trajectories of Physical Activity and Chronic Conditions Among Mid-Aged Women. Am J Prev Med 2024:S0749-3797(24)00169-7. [PMID: 38796029 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women's physical activity levels vary throughout adulthood. However, the associations between trajectories of physical activity and health outcomes have been little studied. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of physical activity trajectories with incident diabetes, hypertension, obesity, depression, and physical disability in mid-aged women. METHODS Data were from the 1946-51 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (n=11,611). Mailed surveys at 3-year intervals from 1998 (age 47-52) to 2019 (age 68-73) were used to collect data on physical activity and each outcome. The analyses were conducted in 2023/24. Physical activity trajectories from age 47-61 (2-4 time-points) were identified using group-based trajectory modeling. Cox regression models with time-varying covariates were used to examine the associations of physical activity trajectories with adverse health outcomes onset from ages 56-73 (2-5 time-points). RESULTS Trajectories of physical activity were labeled as Low (59.7% of participants), Declining (5.9%), Increasing (26.3%), and High (8.1%). The median of 9-year overall physical activity (MET.minutes/week) was 450 in the Low, 1324 in the Declining, 1399 in the Increasing, and 2323 in the High group. Compared with the Low group, the risks of diabetes, obesity and physical disability were lower in the Increasing and High groups, and the risk of depression was lower in the High group. Conversely, the risk of obesity was higher in the Declining group. CONCLUSIONS Targeting mid-aged women with declining physical activity for prevention programs could enhance health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nemoto
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Wendy J Brown
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Binh Nguyen
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregore Iven Mielke
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Nagata JM, Vittinghoff E, Dooley EE, Lin F, Rana JS, Sidney S, Pettee Gabriel K. TV Viewing From Young Adulthood to Middle Age and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:427-434. [PMID: 38085195 PMCID: PMC10922676 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have longitudinally examined TV viewing trajectories and cardiovascular disease risk factors. The objective of this study was to determine the association between level and annualized changes in young adult TV viewing and the incidence of cardiovascular disease risk factors from young adulthood to middle age. METHODS In 2023, prospective community-based cohort data of 4,318 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study participants (1990-1991 to 2015-2016) were analyzed. Individualized daily TV viewing trajectories for each participant were developed using linear mixed models. RESULTS Every additional hour of TV viewing at age 23 years was associated with higher odds of incident hypertension (AOR=1.16; 95% CI=1.11, 1.22), diabetes (AOR=1.19; 95% CI=1.11, 1.28), high triglycerides (AOR=1.17; 95% CI=1.08, 1.26), dyslipidemia (AOR=1.10; 95% CI=1.03, 1.16), and obesity (AOR=1.12; 95% CI=1.06, 1.17). In addition, each hourly increase in daily TV viewing was associated with higher annual odds of incident hypertension (AOR=1.26; 95% CI=1.16, 1.37), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (AOR=1.15; 95% CI=1.03, 1.30), high triglycerides (AOR=1.32; 95% CI=1.15, 1.51), dyslipidemia (AOR=1.22; 95% CI=1.11, 1.34), and obesity (AOR=1.17; 95% CI=1.07, 1.27) over the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective cohort study, higher TV viewing in young adulthood and annual increases in TV viewing were associated with incident hypertension, high triglycerides, and obesity. Young adulthood as well as behaviors across midlife may be important time periods to promote healthful TV viewing behavior patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Erin E Dooley
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jamal S Rana
- Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Yari-Boroujeni R, Farjad MF, Olazadeh K, Cheraghi L, Parvin P, Azizi F, Amiri P. The association between leisure-time physical activity and blood pressure changes from adolescence to young adulthood: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20965. [PMID: 38017282 PMCID: PMC10684687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of long-term leisure time physical activity (LTPA) on blood pressure (BP) changes is still under debate. Since adolescence lifestyle behaviors shape the adulthood health profile, this study aimed to investigate the sex-specific impact of LTPA on BP changes from adolescence to young adulthood. This longitudinal study uses the data of 1412 adolescents (52% females) aged 12-18 years through a median follow-up of 12.2 years in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) framework. LTPA was calculated using the reliable and valid Iranian version of the modified activity scale (MAQ), and BP was measured at least twice by trained physicians. The linear mixed model was used to examine the study variables, considering individual and intrapersonal differences during the study. The majority of participants consistently demonstrated insufficient LTPA throughout the follow-up assessments, ranging from 54.7 to 67.1% for males and 77.7-83.4% for females. Despite a declining trend in LTPA (β = - 2.77 for males and β = - 1.43 for females), an increasing trend was noticeable in SBP, DBP, and BMI (β = 1.38, β = 1.81, β = 0.97 for males, and β = 0.10, β = 0.20, β = 0.97 for females, respectively). The unadjusted model revealed a significant trend in all variables for both sexes, except for female BP (P = 0.45 for SBP and P = 0.83 for DBP). Using the adjusted model, no significant association was observed between LTPA and changes in BP over time in both sexes. Our study indicates no association between LTPA and BP changes from adolescence to young adulthood. Insufficient LTPA levels, particularly among Iranian females, are likely the primary factor. Further research is crucial to identify appropriate LTPA levels to promote cardiovascular health and implement targeted interventions to achieve optimal LTPA levels in the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Yari-Boroujeni
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Farid Farjad
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Olazadeh
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Cheraghi
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Parvin
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Endocrine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
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Antza C, Gallo A, Boutari C, Ershova A, Gurses KM, Lewek J, Mirmaksudov M, Silbernagel G, Sandstedt J, Lebedeva A. Prevention of cardiovascular disease in young adults: Focus on gender differences. A collaborative review from the EAS Young Fellows. Atherosclerosis 2023; 384:117272. [PMID: 37734996 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
A steady rise in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been observed in young adults within the last decades. This trend corresponds to an increasing prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 among young adults living in developed countries. Moreover, age-specific risk factors, such as substance abuse, contraceptive medication, and pregnancy-related diseases also correlate with an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the available data for young adults on the epidemiology and the rationale for the causality of traditional and newly emerging risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We focus on gender-related differences in the exposure to these risk factors, investigate the recent data regarding screening and risk stratification in the young adult population, and describe the current state of the art on lifestyle and therapeutic intervention strategies in the primary prevention setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Antza
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, 56429, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1166, Lipidology and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Department of Nutrition, APHP, Pitié-Salpètriêre Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Chrysoula Boutari
- 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Ershova
- Laboratory of Clinomics, National Medical Research Centre for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy Pereulok, 10, 101990, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kadri Murat Gurses
- Department of Cardiology, Selçuk University, School of Medicine, 42250, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Joanna Lewek
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Rzgowska St. 281/289, 93-338, Lodz, Poland; Department of Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Rzgowska St. 281/289, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mirakhmadjon Mirmaksudov
- Department of Electrophysiology, Republican Specialized Scientific Practical Medical Centre of Cardiology, Osiyo St. 4, 100052, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Joakim Sandstedt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Centre Dresden University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherst. 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Perry AS, Dooley EE, Master H, Spartano NL, Brittain EL, Gabriel KP. Physical Activity Over the Lifecourse and Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res 2023; 132:1725-1740. [PMID: 37289900 PMCID: PMC10254078 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in cardiovascular care in recent decades, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide. At its core, CVD is a largely preventable disease with diligent risk factor management and early detection. As highlighted in the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8, physical activity plays a central role in CVD prevention at an individual and population level. Despite pervasive knowledge of the numerous cardiovascular and noncardiovascular health benefits of physical activity, physical activity has steadily decreased over time and unfavorable changes in physical activity occur throughout people's lives. Here, we use a lifecourse framework to examine the evidence reporting on the association of physical activity with CVD. From in utero to older adults, we review and discuss the evidence detailing how physical activity may prevent incident CVD and mitigate CVD-related morbidity and death across all life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Perry
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erin E. Dooley
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hiral Master
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nicole L. Spartano
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan L. Brittain
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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7
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Leslie E, Luna V, Gibson AL. Older Adult Aerobic Capacity, Muscular Strength, Fitness and Body Composition After 20+ Years of Exercise Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2023; 16:620-637. [PMID: 37622038 PMCID: PMC10446954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Older adults (≥ 65 years) are recommended to participate in regular exercise to maintain health in late adulthood. The impact of long-term (20+ years) exercise training that align with the American College of Sports Medicine's (ACSM) recommended guidelines has not been evaluated for older adults. To address this, a systematic review and meta-analyses were performed regarding the effects of long-term exercise training on older adult aerobic capacity, muscular fitness, and body composition that meet the ACSM's recommendation for weekly training volume. Ten studies with individuals that performed cardiorespiratory or resistance exercise met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Data from five included studies were analyzed in meta-analyses to determine the relationship between the effects of cardiorespiratory training on fitness and body composition measured in the same subjects. Main findings include higher cardiorespiratory fitness (MD: +11.36 mL/kg/min, 95% CI: 5.63 to 17.09 mL/kg/min, p < 0.01) in older adults who performed long-term cardiorespiratory exercise that was found in conjunction with lower percent body fat (MD: -5.41%, 95% CI: -7.65 to -3.17%, p < 0.01). Higher volume of cardiorespiratory exercise beyond the minimum recommendations did not impact benefits. Additionally, resistance-trained older adults showed greater muscular strength and lower percent body fat with comparable cardiorespiratory fitness to sedentary older adults. These findings primarily highlight a preservation of cardiorespiratory fitness and lower risk of mortality and cardiometabolic disease risk for older adults who participate in long-term cardiorespiratory and exercise that meet the ACSM's recommended weekly training volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Leslie
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, University of California, San Diego - School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vincent Luna
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ann L Gibson
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Associations Between Physical Activity Vital Sign in Patients and Health Care Utilization in a Health Care System, 2018-2020. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:28-34. [PMID: 36493760 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a risk factor for many chronic conditions. This retrospective cohort study examined associations between physical activity (PA) with health care utilization (HU). METHODS A PA vital sign was recorded in clinics from January 2018 to December 2020. Patients were categorized as inactive, insufficiently active, or sufficiently active by US PA aerobic guidelines. Associations between PA vital sign and visits (inpatient admissions, emergency department, urgent care, and primary care) were estimated using population average regression by visit type. RESULTS 23,721 patients had at least one PA vital sign recorded, with a mean age of 47.3 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 28; 52% were female and 63% were White. Sufficiently active patients were younger, male, White, and had lower BMI than insufficiently active patients. Achieving 150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous PA per 1000 patient years was associated with 34 fewer emergency department visits (P < .001), 19 fewer inpatient admissions (P < .001), and 38 fewer primary care visits (P < .001) compared with inactive patients. Stronger associations between lower PA and higher HU were present among those who were older or had a higher comorbidity. BMI, sex, ethnicity, and race did not modify the association between PA and HU. CONCLUSIONS Meeting aerobic guidelines was associated with reduced HU for inpatient, primary care, and emergency department visits.
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Tian Y, Zhang Y. The relationship between hypertension and physical activity in middle-aged and older adults controlling for demographic, chronic disease, and mental health variables. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32092. [PMID: 36451488 PMCID: PMC9704945 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the relationship between hypertension and physical activity (PA) in the middle-aged and elderly after controlling demographic characteristics, chronic diseases and mental health variables. The 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was used to collect the data. A baseline survey of middle-aged and older people was carried out nationally using the PPS sample method to look into their demographic, health state, and other information. The investigation included 4593 adults over 50 with complete data on PA level and hypertension prevalence. Z-test, logistic regression analysis, and linear hierarchical regression analysis were performed on the gathered data using the SPSS 27.0 program. The prevalence of hypertension among middle-aged and senior persons was 12.2%, and the percentage of those who did not have it was 87.8%. Males were more likely than females to have hypertension. Participants who reported high levels of PA made up 49.2% of the total, while those who reported low levels of PA made up 50.8% of the total. High levels of PA were significantly inversely correlated with hypertension (P < .05). There was still a statistically significant relationship between PA and hypertension (P < .05) after controlling demographic factors (gender, age, household registration type, education level, widowhood), chronic disease (arthritis, diabetes, disability, asthma, self-assessment of health, memory disease, stroke, hyperlipidemia) and mental health variables (bad mood and depression). High-level PA is significantly related to the low risk of hypertension. After controlling demographic characteristics, chronic diseases and mental health variables, this correlation is still significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tian
- College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaqun Zhang
- College of Sports Science, Anshan Normal University, Anshan, China
- *Correspondence: Yaqun Zhang, College of Sports Science, Anshan Normal University, No.43, Tiedong District, Anshan, Liaoning, China (e-mail: )
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Kim J, Duvall CR, Blumenthal RS, Sutton NR. The necessity of improving cardiovascular health in commercial motor vehicle drivers. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 22:100206. [PMID: 38558903 PMCID: PMC10978424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers have an increased risk for cardiometabolic risk factors and higher rates of cardiovascular disease relative to the general population. Lifestyle factors, including the sedentary nature of driving and lack of access to healthy foods, contribute to the disproportionately high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among commercial vehicle (CMV) drivers. Occupational physicals represent an important opportunity to reach populations with a high prevalence and incidence of coronary artery disease who may not otherwise seek preventive care. These visits are an opportunity to discuss primary and secondary prevention, including lifestyle topics such as diet and exercise, and potentially recommend or implement preventive medical therapy when indicated. Future iterations of licensing guidelines for drivers should seek to incorporate updated recommendations regarding diet, physical activity, and preventive pharmacologic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chloe R. Duvall
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nadia R. Sutton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Nagata JM, Vittinghoff E, Gabriel KP, Rana JS, Garber AK, Moran AE, Reis JP, Lewis CE, Sidney S, Bibbins-Domingo K. Physical activity from young adulthood to middle age and premature cardiovascular disease events: a 30-year population-based cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:123. [PMID: 36127703 PMCID: PMC9487136 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although physical activity is generally protective of cardiovascular disease (CVD), less is known about how young adult physical activity relates to premature CVD events. The objective of this study was to determine the association between level and change in physical activity from young adulthood to middle age and incidence of premature CVD events before age 60. Methods We analyzed data collected across four urban sites from nine visits over 30 years of follow-up (1985–2016) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a prospective community-based cohort study of 5115 Black and White women and men aged 18–30 years at baseline (1985–1986). Linear mixed models were used to develop individualized moderate-to-vigorous intensity self-reported physical activity trajectories per participant. Fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, and stroke outcomes were analyzed separately and as a combined CVD event outcome. Results Overall, physical activity declined in young adults as they progressed through middle age. Lower physical activity scores (per 100 exercise units) in 18 year-olds were associated with higher odds of premature CHD (AOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.28), heart failure (AOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.38), stroke (AOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04–1.39), and any CVD (AOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.24) events. Each additional annual 1-unit reduction in the physical activity score was associated with a higher annual odds of incident heart failure (1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.13), stroke (1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.13), and CVD (1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07) events. Meeting the minimum (AOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.0.57–0.96) and twice the minimum (AOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.34–0.91) Department of Health and Human Services physical activity guidelines through follow up was protective of premature CVD events. Conclusions Given recent trends in declining physical activity with age and associated premature CVD events, the transition from young adult to midlife is an important time period to promote physical activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01357-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA.
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jamal S Rana
- Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.,Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Andrea K Garber
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Andrew E Moran
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jared P Reis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cora E Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Hao X, Li Y, Huang G, Zeng Y. Role of the N6-methyladenosine regulatory factor in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease: subtype diagnosis following aerobic exercise-assisted weight loss. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:5363-5378. [PMID: 36105062 PMCID: PMC9452351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to construct a model based on different N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulatory factors involved in reducing the risk of the development of cardiovascular diseases under conditions of aerobic exercise. METHODS We screened for significantly different expressions of m6A regulators from the GSE66175 dataset. Five candidate m6A regulators were identified using the random forest model to predict aerobic exercise-mediated fat loss and reduction of the risk of cardiovascular disease. A nomogram model was established for analysis, and the consensus clustering method was used to distinguish between the two m6A clusters (clusters A and B). The single-sample gene set-enrichment analysis method was used to assess the abundance of immune cells in the samples related to cardiovascular anomalies. We determined the relationship between the functions of 29 immune cells and m6A clusters. RESULTS Twelve significantly and differentially expressed m6A regulators in the control and aerobic exercise groups were screened out, and it was observed that METTL13 correlated positively with the expression levels of the YTH domain containing 1 (YTHDC1), YTH N (6)-methyl adenosine RNA binding protein 1, and leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing. The fat mass and obesity-associated gene negatively correlated with YTHDC1 and the fragile X mental retardation 1 protein. The random forest and support vector machine models were used to screen the ELAV-like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1), RNA binding motif protein 15B (RBM15B), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), Wilms tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), and zinc finger CCCH-type containing 13 (ZC3H13) genes. Analysis of the line graph model and the results obtained using decision curve analysis revealed the efficiency of the model. Gene ontology enrichment analysis was used to analyze the m6A regulatory gene model, and the results suggested that it was associated with RNA splicing. The results obtained using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis method suggests that the genes were associated with Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration pathways associated with multiple diseases. The m6A regulatory gene model was associated with most of the immune cells infiltrating tumors and was also closely related to genes associated with lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The m6A regulatory factor plays an important role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease under conditions of aerobic exercise-assisted weight loss. It is also associated with the metabolic pathways of low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Hao
- College of Physical Education, University of South ChinaHengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South ChinaHengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guo Huang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South ChinaHengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South ChinaHengyang, Hunan, China
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South ChinaHengyang, Hunan, China
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13
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Nagata JM, Vittinghoff E, Pettee Gabriel K, Garber AK, Moran AE, Rana JS, Reis JP, Sidney S, Bibbins-Domingo K. Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity from young adulthood to middle age and metabolic disease: a 30-year population-based cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:847-853. [PMID: 34521685 PMCID: PMC9017156 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the association between moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) trajectories (course over age and time) through the adult life course and onset of metabolic disease (diabetes and dyslipidaemia). METHODS We analysed prospective community-based cohort data of 5115 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, who were black and white men and women aged 18-30 years at baseline (1985-1986) at four urban sites, collected through 30 years of follow-up. Individualised MVPA trajectories were developed for each participant using linear mixed models. RESULTS Lower estimated MVPA score at age 18 was associated with a 12% (95% CI 6% to 18%) higher odds of incident diabetes, a 4% (95% CI 1% to 7%) higher odds of incident low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and a 6% (95% CI 2% to 11%) higher odds of incident high triglycerides. Each additional annual 1-unit reduction in the MVPA score was associated with a 6% (95% CI 4% to 9%) higher annual odds of diabetes incidence and a 4% (95% CI 2% to 6%) higher annual odds of high triglyceride incidence. Analysing various MVPA trajectory groups, participants who were in the most active group at age 18 (over 300 min/week), but with sharp declines in midlife, had higher odds of high low-density lipoprotein and low HDL incidence, compared with those in the most active group at age 18 with subsequent gains. CONCLUSION Given recent trends in declining MVPA across the life course and associated metabolic disease risk, young adulthood is an important time period for interventions to increase and begin the maintenance of MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Andrea K Garber
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew E Moran
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jamal S Rana
- Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Jared P Reis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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