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Yang J, Gao P, Li Q, Wang T, Guo S, Zhang J, Zhang T, Wu G, Guo Y, Wang Z, Tian Y. Arterial Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Density Reflects The Progression Of Unstable Plaques: A Retrospective Clinical Study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:712-721. [PMID: 38365464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial adventitial vasa vasorum (AVV) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic (AS) disease. AS is a systemic disease, and plaque is not only a local vascular event, but also occurs at multiple sites throughout the vascular bed. Currently, effective anti-AVV therapies are lacking. Therefore, we posed the following scientific questions: "does human carotid adventitial vasa vasorum density reflect plaque neovascularization and intimal-media hyperplasia in carotid?"; and "is it possible to reduce human AVV density by sonodynamic therapy (SDT)?" METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 160 patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Duplex ultrasound scanning (DUS), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), coronary angiography, and coronary CT angiography (CTA) were used for diagnosis and screening. Pearson correlation tests and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to analyze the relationships between AVV hyperplasia, vasa vasorum (VV) hyperplasia and the intima-media thickness (IMT). SDT was developed for the treatment of arterial AVV hyperplasia and AS plaques. RESULTS The presence of local AVV in carotid unstable plaques correlated with the echogenic properties of the carotid plaque and the extent of plaque progression; Furthermore local AVV hyperplasia in patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques was associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) events; Local AVV hyperplasia in patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques was associated with coronary artery stenosis. Notably, SDT reduced local AVV hyperplasia and shrank the plaques in human femoral and carotid atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSIONS The presence of AVV in human carotid arteries reflects the severity of carotid and coronary artery AS. Further, SDT can reduce the hyperplasia of local AVV in human femoral and carotid plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China; Cardiac Ultrasound Division, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Penghao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Qiannan Li
- Department of General Practice, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Tengyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China; Cardiac Ultrasound Division, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China.
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Verma D, Mendiratta V, Garg T, Tripathi S, Tomer S. Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women Having Female Pattern Hair Loss. Indian J Dermatol 2024; 69:7-15. [PMID: 38572043 PMCID: PMC10986877 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_104_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have associated male androgenetic alopecia with the risk of cardiovascular disorders but very few studies have addressed this association in women with FPHL. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study in which a total of 50 women (18-45 years) were recruited. The objective was to measure carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) by doppler ultrasound, Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, testosterone, Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), hs-CRP, ESR and fibrinogen, in pre-menopausal women having FPHL and to correlate these parameters with severity of FPHL. The prevalence of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Insulin resistance were evaluated. Results Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance were found in 12 (24%) and 17 (34%) cases respectively. Hypercholesterolemia, elevated LDL levels and hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL levels and hyperinsulinemia were found in 11 (22%), 31 (62%), 9 (18%), 17 (34%) and 7 (14%) cases respectively. 8 (16%) cases were diabetics. Elevated ESR, increased fibrinogen levels and elevated hs-CRP were found in 43 (86%), 10 (20%) and 21 (42%) cases respectively. CIMT was found to be within its normal range. Correlation of CIMT, anthropometric indices (BMI and WC), biochemical markers (serum cholesterol, triglycerides, FBS, and fibrinogen), and presence of metabolic syndrome with severity of FPHL in terms of Ludwig grade was found to be statistically significant. Conclusions The determination of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and acute phase reactants such as hs-CRP and fibrinogen may be useful screening methods to detect increased cardiovascular risk in women with FPHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damini Verma
- From the Department of Dermatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vibhu Mendiratta
- From the Department of Dermatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Taru Garg
- From the Department of Dermatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Smita Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shaili Tomer
- Department of Radiology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Chen C, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Huang Y, Chen M. The clinical value of carotid plaque score in patients with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108546. [PMID: 37579709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between carotid plaque load score (CPS) and metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), in order to provide theoretical basis for the precaution and control of MS and CVD. METHODS A total of 1962 patients were incorporated into the study and divided into MS group and non-MS group, CVD group and non-CVD group. CPS and CIMT were obtained by carotid artery ultrasound, and the data of each group were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Age, BMI, basal metabolic rate, body fat rate, gender, and the incidence of central obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia are statistical different between MS group and non-MS group (P < 0.05). CIMT between CVD group and non-CVD group are statistical different (1.040 ± 0.239 VS 0.972 ± 0.297, P < 0.001). CPS was statistically significant between MS group and non-MS group(2.254 ± 2.728 VS 1.548 ± 2.219, P = 0.003) and between CVD group and non-CVD group (2.322 ± 2.760 VS 1.688 ± 2.347, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Patients in MS group and CVD group have higher carotid plaque burden than those in non-MS group and non-CVD group. The higher the CPS was, the higher the incidence of MS and CVD was, and the distribution of CPS in MS and CVD population was consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjian Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Linjun Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yuhua Tang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yunqian Huang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.
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Pan J, Yang B, Wang Z, Tang L, Jia P, Yang S, Zeng H. Triglyceride-Glucose Index is Related to Carotid Artery Plaque in Railway Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2561-2571. [PMID: 37645236 PMCID: PMC10461744 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s418358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim China has the highest rail transportation density in the world. Compared to other occupational populations, railway workers in China face increased risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and carotid artery plaque (CAP) in a population of railway workers in southwest China. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted among 3169 railway workers who were categorized into four groups based on TyG index quartiles. The presence of CAP was assessed using carotid Doppler ultrasound. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to estimate the association between TyG index and CAP, and subgroup analyses were performed based on age, blood pressure, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), smoking, drinking, and physical activity. Results Participants with higher TyG index quartiles had a higher prevalence of CAP, with 11.63%, 14.11%, 20.20%, and 18.56% from the first to fourth quartile, respectively. The multi-adjusted logistic regression models showed a positive association between TyG index and the risk of CAP (odds ratio [OR]: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.41) when treated as a continuous variable. When analyzed as a categorical variable with increasing TyG index tertiles, the risk of CAP substantially increased with ORs (95% CIs) of 1.22 (0.90-1.65) for the second quartile, 1.70 (1.27-2.28) for the third quartile, and 1.46 (1.08-1.98) for the fourth quartile compared to the lowest quartile. Restricted cubic spline revealed that the association gradually strengthened with the increase of the TyG index below 9.56. Conclusion TyG index was significantly associated with CAP, notably in populations with elevated quartiles of TyG index among railway workers. Monitoring the TyG index could be a useful risk management strategy for CAP in occupation population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Pan
- Department of Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihang Wang
- Department of West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Jia
- Department of School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of International Institute of Spatial Health Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- Department of Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of International Institute of Spatial Health Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honglian Zeng
- Department of Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Yu M, Wang L, Zhang S, Feng H, Wu J, Li X, Yuan J. Association between Neck Circumference and Subclinical Atherosclerosis among Chinese Steelworkers: A Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116740. [PMID: 35682318 PMCID: PMC9180598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether neck circumference (NC) is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis among Chinese steelworkers in North China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among steelworkers in northern China (n = 3467). Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was measured at the distal wall of the common carotid artery proximal to the bifurcation point along a plaque-free segment 10 mm long on each side by B-ultrasound. The mean of the common CIMT was used bilaterally in this study. In the cross-sectional analysis, large NC was associated with the presence of abnormal CIMT. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between NC tertiles and CIMT. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio was 1.76 (95% CI: 1.40 to 2.22; p for trend <0.001) for the highest tertile versus the lowest tertile and was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.10; p < 0.001) per 1 standard deviation increment in NC. Among steelworkers in North China, relatively large NC level is associated with elevated odds of subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Huang LD. Brighten the Future: Photobiomodulation and Optogenetics. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2022; 20:36-44. [PMID: 35746943 PMCID: PMC9063588 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20210025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Safe, noninvasive, and effective treatments for brain conditions are everyone's dream. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) based on the photobiomodulation (PBM) phenomenon has recently been adopted in practice, with solid scientific evidence. Optogenetics provides high spatiotemporal resolution to precisely switch on and off a particular circuitry in the brain. However, there are currently no human trials of optogenetics on the human brain. These two approaches-PBM and optogenetics-are promising photonic treatments that target the brain using completely different technologies. PBM is based on the mitochondrial reaction to the photons for up- or downregulation on the cytochrome c oxidase synthase in cellular respiration. It is safe, noninvasive, and good for long-term treatments, with wide applications using light wavelengths ranging from 650 nm to ≈1,100 nm, the red to near-infrared range. Optogenetics is based on the expression of engineered opsins on targeted tissues through viral vectors. The opsins are engineered to be sensors, actuators, or switches and could be precisely controlled by light wavelength ranging from 450 nm to ≈650 nm, the visible light range. The penetration of visible light is limited, and thus the photons cannot be applied directly outside the head without surgical means to create a physical window. PBM using near-infrared light could reach deeper tissues for light directly applied outside the head. Detailed scientific foundations and the state of the art for both technologies are reviewed. Ongoing developments are discussed to provide insight for future research and applications.
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Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang Q, Meng G, Liu L, Wu H, Gu Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhang T, Górska MJ, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Tan L, Niu K. Relationship Between Dietary Patterns and Carotid Atherosclerosis Among People Aged 50 Years or Older: A Population-Based Study in China. Front Nutr 2021; 8:723726. [PMID: 34926541 PMCID: PMC8672307 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.723726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between dietary patterns and atherosclerosis is inconclusive. Usually, diets vary greatly among different regions due to cultural differences and lifestyles. Few studies to date based on a Chinese population have investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and the formation of atherosclerosis in carotid arteries. We aimed to investigate whether dietary patterns were related to carotid atherosclerosis among an adult population in Tianjin, China. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 2,346 participants aged 50 years or older (mean: 59.7 ± 6.29 years). Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 81-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Carotid atherosclerosis was defined as a common carotid artery intima-media thickness ≥1.0 mm or plaques, or a carotid bifurcation intima-media thickness ≥1.2 mm. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and carotid atherosclerosis. Results: Three factors were determined: "health" dietary pattern (factor 1), "traditional Tianjin" dietary pattern (factor 2), and "sweets" dietary pattern (factor 3). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of carotid atherosclerosis for the increasing quartiles of the sweets dietary pattern scores in women were as follows: 1.00 (reference), 1.33 (0.91, 1.97), 1.21 (0.82, 1.79), 1.64 (1.08, 2.51) (p for trend <0.05). No significant difference was found between any dietary pattern and carotid atherosclerosis in men. Conclusion: Greater adherence to "sweets" dietary patterns was positively related to a higher prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in women aged 50 or older. No relationship was found between any dietary pattern and carotid atherosclerosis in men. Further prospective studies are warranted to test this finding in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Nutrition and Radiation Epidemiology Research Center, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunming Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Magdalena J Górska
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Liping Tan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Nutrition and Radiation Epidemiology Research Center, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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Wu Z, Wang J, Li Z, Han Z, Miao X, Liu X, Li X, Wang W, Guo X, Tao L. Triglyceride glucose index and carotid atherosclerosis incidence in the Chinese population: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2042-2050. [PMID: 34045133 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association of the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index with carotid atherosclerosis has not been reported in longitudinal studies. The present study aimed to investigate whether the TyG index increases the risk of carotid atherosclerosis incidence. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included data from the Beijing Health Management Cohort (BHMC; n = 6955) and the Beijing Physical Examination Cohort (BPEC; n = 8473). Participants without a history of carotid atherosclerosis who underwent health examination in 2011 or 2012 were annually followed until 2019. The TyG index was denoted as ln [triglycerides (mmol/L)∗fasting glucose (mmol/L)/2]. During a median follow-up of 5.02 years and 5.36 years, 1441 individuals in the BHMC group and 2181 individuals in the BPEC group developed carotid plaque, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of the continuous TyG index were 1.253 (95% CI, 1.044 to 1.505) and 1.252 (95% CI, 1.091 to 1.437) for the BHMC and BPEC groups, respectively. Individuals in the highest quartile of the TyG index were associated with an increased risk of carotid plaque compared with those in the lowest quartile (BHMC: HR, 1.366; 95% CI, 1.101 to 1.695, P for trend = 0.010; BPEC: HR, 1.379; 95% CI, 1.196 to 1.591, P for trend = 0.013). CONCLUSION These findings suggested that a higher TyG index increases the risk of carotid atherosclerosis incidence in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Public Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Jinqi Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ze Han
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinlei Miao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangtong Liu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lixin Tao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Dávila-Román VG, Toenjes AK, Meyers RM, Lenzen PM, Simkovich SM, Herrera P, Fung E, Papageorghiou AT, Craik R, McCracken JP, Thompson LM, Balakrishnan K, Rosa G, Peel J, Clasen TF, Hossen S, Checkley W, Fuentes LDL. Ultrasound Core Laboratory for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial: Standardized Training and Image Management for Field Studies Using Portable Ultrasound in Fetal, Lung, and Vascular Evaluations. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:1506-1513. [PMID: 33812692 PMCID: PMC8054758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound Core Laboratories (UCL) are used in multicenter trials to assess imaging biomarkers to define robust phenotypes, to reduce imaging variability and to allow blinded independent review with the purpose of optimizing endpoint measurement precision. The Household Air Pollution Intervention Network, a multicountry randomized controlled trial (Guatemala, Peru, India and Rwanda), evaluates the effects of reducing household air pollution on health outcomes. Field studies using portable ultrasound evaluate fetal, lung and vascular imaging endpoints. The objective of this report is to describe administrative methods and training of a centralized clinical research UCL. A comprehensive administrative protocol and training curriculum included standard operating procedures, didactics, practical scanning and written/practical assessments of general ultrasound principles and specific imaging protocols. After initial online training, 18 sonographers (three or four per country and five from the UCL) participated in a 2 wk on-site training program. Written and practical testing evaluated ultrasound topic knowledge and scanning skills, and surveys evaluated the overall course. The UCL developed comprehensive standard operating procedures for image acquisition with a portable ultrasound system, digital image upload to cloud-based storage, off-line analysis and quality control. Pre- and post-training tests showed significant improvements (fetal ultrasound: 71% ± 13% vs. 93% ± 7%, p < 0.0001; vascular lung ultrasound: 60% ± 8% vs. 84% ± 10%, p < 0.0001). Qualitative and quantitative feedback showed high satisfaction with training (mean, 4.9 ± 0.1; scale: 1 = worst, 5 = best). The UCL oversees all stages: training, standardization, performance monitoring, image quality control and consistency of measurements. Sonographers who failed to meet minimum allowable performance were identified for retraining. In conclusion, a UCL was established to ensure accurate and reproducible ultrasound measurements in clinical research. Standardized operating procedures and training are aimed at reducing variability and enhancing measurement precision from study sites, representing a model for use of portable digital ultrasound for multicenter field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor G Dávila-Román
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Clinical Research Core Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | - Ashley K Toenjes
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Clinical Research Core Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel M Meyers
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Clinical Research Core Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Pattie M Lenzen
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Clinical Research Core Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Suzanne M Simkovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Phabiola Herrera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aris T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Craik
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John P McCracken
- Centre for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Lisa M Thompson
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air Quality, Climate and Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Ghislaine Rosa
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas F Clasen
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; USA
| | - Shakir Hossen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa de Las Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Clinical Research Core Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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10
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Liu Y, Meng G, Zhang Q, Liu L, Wu H, Gu Y, Zhang S, Zhang T, Wang X, Sun S, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Tan F, Niu K. Light-To-Moderate Raw Garlic Consumption Frequency Is Inversely Associated With Thickened Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: A Population-Based Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:648821. [PMID: 33869266 PMCID: PMC8044311 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.648821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous animal and clinical studies have reported beneficial effects of garlic preparations on carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). However, no epidemiological study has yet investigated the association between dietary raw garlic consumption and cIMT in the general population. The objective of this study was investigating the association between dietary raw garlic consumption and thickened cIMT in Chinese adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study. A total of 4,329 general adults from 2015 to 2017 were included in this study. Frequency of consumption of raw garlic was summarized as four categories for analysis: < 1 time/week, 1 time/week, 2-3 times/week, ≥4 times/week with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The thickened cIMT was defined as common carotid artery IMT ≥ 1.0 mm or a carotid bifurcation IMT ≥ 1.2 mm by ultrasonography. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between frequency of raw garlic consumption and thickened cIMT. Results: The prevalence of thickened cIMT is 22.9% among these participants. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) associated with the different frequencies were 1.00 (reference) for < 1 time/week, 0.74 (0.59, 0.94) for 1 time/week, 0.71 (0.55, 0.92) for 2–3 times/week, and 0.94 (0.71, 1.25) for ≥ 4 times/week. Conclusions: Light-to-moderate raw garlic consumption was inversely associated with thickened cIMT, whereas greater raw garlic consumption (i.e., ≥4 times/week) was not associated with thickened cIMT. Future longitudinal studies should be conducted to test these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunming Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengling Tan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to explore the evolution and outcomes of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) while reviewing strategies for effective screening of those at high risk for developing this disease. RECENT FINDINGS Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) affects a population of patients not typically identified as high risk by current risk stratification guidelines or traditional risk calculation tools. Not only does PCAD represent a large proportion of overall cardiovascular disease, it also afflicts a population in which the rate of mortality from cardiovascular disease has plateaued despite an overall declining population-wide cardiovascular mortality rate. There is ample opportunity for behavioral change strategies, screening tools, adapted imaging modalities, and precision pharmacotherapies to be more precisely targeted toward those at highest risk for premature coronary artery disease. Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is pervasive and not frequently represented within contemporary risk calculation models. Providers should pursue proactive screening and aggressive risk factor modification and deploy appropriate preventative therapies in caring for younger populations.
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12
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Reduced insulin clearance is linked to subclinical atherosclerosis in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22453. [PMID: 33384433 PMCID: PMC7775444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance contribute to vascular damage and are regulated by different pathophysiological processes. The aim of the study was to systematically investigate the relative contributions of multiple fasting state- and oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT)-derived glycemic traits to carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a surrogate parameter of subclinical atherosclerosis, in individuals with increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). 667 volunteers (417 women and 250 men, mean age 44.1 years), who were free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), were included in this cross-sectional study. Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and insulin clearance were assessed by frequently sampled 75 g oGTT. CIMT was measured by high-resolution ultrasound. Insulin clearance was associated with cIMT in univariate analysis (ßst = − 0.17, p < 0.0001) and in a stepwise regression analysis on 15 variables possibly affecting cIMT, age (r2 = 0.3923, p < 0.0001), insulin clearance (r2 = 0.4564, p < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (r2 = 0.4733, p < 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (r2 = 0.4804, p = 0.002), gender (r2 = 0.4831, p = 0.013), and fasting insulin clearance (r2 = 0.4857, p = 0.030) turned out to be significant determinants of cIMT. In a cross-validated model resulting from this analysis, insulin clearance was found to be an independent determinant of cIMT (ßst = − 0.16, p < 0.0001) even after adjusting for traditional CVD risk factors. Reduced insulin clearance may be an early marker of damage on the vasculature, independent of classical CVD risk factors. Reduced insulin clearance should be considered with regard to vascular insulin resistance.
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13
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Song P, Xia W, Zhu Y, Wang M, Chang X, Jin S, Wang J, An L. Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and carotid plaque in Chinese adults: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Atherosclerosis 2018; 276:67-73. [PMID: 30036743 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The national representative prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) or carotid plaque (CP) in the general Chinese population has never been estimated. We aim to generate the prevalence and number of people with CAS and CP in the general Chinese population. METHODS We searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodical, PubMed, Embase and Medline. Articles reporting the prevalence of CAS or CP in the general Chinese population were included. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to estimate the age- and gender-specific prevalence of CAS and CP. The effects of risk factors for CAS were assessed by a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of CAS and CP increased with advanced age. Males had a higher prevalence of CAS and CP than females consistently across all age groups. Overall, 27.22% and 20.15% of Chinese people aged 30-79 years were with CAS and CP, respectively, in 2010, equivalent to 207.73 million and 153.82 million affected individuals. With demographic ageing, the number of people affected by CAS and CP will increase to 267.25 million and 199.83 million, respectively, by 2020. In addition, current smoking, hypertension and diabetes were found to be risk factors for CAS. More than 70% of the national CAS cases were in rural China in 2010. CONCLUSIONS CAS and CP are highly prevalent in China. The huge disease burden of CAS and CP calls for efforts on effective preventive health strategies and early-detection of CVDs in people with CAS or CP, especially in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peige Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Centre for Global Health Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yajie Zhu
- George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manli Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlei Chang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Jin
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingpin Wang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin An
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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14
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Bowden JA, Bowden AE, Wang H, Hager RL, LeCheminant JD, Mitchell UH. In vivo correlates between daily physical activity and intervertebral disc health. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1313-1323. [PMID: 28976592 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity impacts health and disease in multiple body tissues including the intervertebral discs. Fluid flow within the disc is an indicator of disc health that can be observed using diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We monitored activity levels of 26 participants, age 35-55 yrs, using Actigraph accelerometers for 4 days to evaluate vigorous-intensity activity, moderate to vigorous intensity activity, and sedentary time. Participants underwent structural and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate intervertebral disc health and fluid flow. They also underwent bone density scans, carotid artery ultrasounds, a treadmill test, and a physical exam for pain, range of motion, and instability. These measures were used to correlate MRI indicators of intervertebral disc health with participant activity levels. Participants with any vigorous-intensity physical activity compared with no vigorous-intensity activity had significantly greater L5/S1 apparent diffusion coefficient values (p = 0.002), corresponding to higher freedom of diffusive movement for cellular nutrients and metabolic waste. Sagittal T2 values in the L5/S1 were also higher (p = 0.004), corresponding to a higher water content in the discs. Higher apparent diffusion coefficients were also found in participants with more than 30 min compared with less than 30 min of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (p = 0.03), and in participants with less than 67% awake time as sedentary time compared with more than 67% sedentary time (p = 0.03). Increased dynamic loading through physical activity and decreased static loading from sedentary time benefit intervertebral disc health. Physical activity, particularly vigorous activity, is beneficial in helping maintain intervertebral disc health. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1313-1323, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bowden
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
| | - Anton E Bowden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
| | - Haonan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
| | - Ron L Hager
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
| | - James D LeCheminant
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
| | - Ulrike H Mitchell
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
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15
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Kobayashi Y, Ishiguro H, Fujikawa T, Kobayashi H, Sumida K, Kagimoto M, Okuyama Y, Ehara Y, Katsumata M, Fujita M, Fujiwara A, Saka S, Yatsu K, Hirawa N, Toya Y, Yasuda G, Umemura S, Tamura K. Atherosclerosis of the carotid bulb is associated with the severity of orthostatic hypotension in non-diabetic adult patients: a cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 41:1-8. [PMID: 29672186 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1465073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carotid bulb has a high density of baroreceptors that play an important role in maintaining blood pressure. We hypothesized that atherosclerosis of the carotid bulb would reflect the severity of orthostatic hypotension more accurately than would atherosclerosis of other carotid artery segments. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 198 non-diabetic adults. We measured the cardio-vascular ankle index as an index of arterial stiffness, intima-media thickness in each carotid artery segment (internal carotid artery, carotid bulb, distal and proximal portions, respectively, of the common carotid artery) as a measure of atherosclerosis, and heart rate variability as a measure of cardiac autonomic function. The sit-to-stand test was used to assess severity of orthostatic hypotension. RESULTS Intima-media thickness of the carotid bulb was correlated with orthostatic systolic blood pressure change (r = -0.218, p = 0.002), cardio-ankle vascular index (r = 0.365, p < 0.001) and heart rate variability parameters. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that among all of the segments, only intima-media thickness of the carotid bulb was an independent predictor of orthostatic systolic blood pressure change (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION Atherosclerosis of the carotid bulb was associated with severity of orthostatic hypotension, arterial stiffening and cardiac autonomic dysfunction than that of other carotid artery segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kobayashi
- a Division of Nephrology and Hypertension , Saiseikai Yokohamashi Nanbu Hospital , Yokohama , Japan
- b Department of Internal Medicine , The Kobayashi Medical Clinic , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishiguro
- c Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fujikawa
- c Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
- d Center for Health Service Sciences , Yokohama National University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Hideo Kobayashi
- b Department of Internal Medicine , The Kobayashi Medical Clinic , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Koichiro Sumida
- c Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Minako Kagimoto
- c Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yuki Okuyama
- a Division of Nephrology and Hypertension , Saiseikai Yokohamashi Nanbu Hospital , Yokohama , Japan
- c Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yosuke Ehara
- c Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Mari Katsumata
- c Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Megumi Fujita
- c Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Akira Fujiwara
- e Department of Nephrology and Hypertension , Yokohama City University Medical Center , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Sanae Saka
- e Department of Nephrology and Hypertension , Yokohama City University Medical Center , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Keisuke Yatsu
- c Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Nobuhito Hirawa
- e Department of Nephrology and Hypertension , Yokohama City University Medical Center , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Toya
- c Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Gen Yasuda
- e Department of Nephrology and Hypertension , Yokohama City University Medical Center , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- f Department of Internal Medicine , Yokohama Rosai Hospital , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- c Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
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16
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Beneficial neurocognitive effects of transcranial laser in older adults. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1153-1162. [PMID: 28466195 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) at 1064 nm, 250 mW/cm2 has been proven safe and effective for increasing neurocognitive functions in young adults in controlled studies using photobiomodulation of the right prefrontal cortex. The objective of this pilot study was to determine whether there is any effect from TILS on neurocognitive function in older adults with subjective memory complaint at risk for cognitive decline (e.g., increased carotid artery intima-media thickness or mild traumatic brain injury). We investigated the cognitive effects of TILS in older adults (ages 49-90, n = 12) using prefrontal cortex measures of attention (psychomotor vigilance task (PVT)) and memory (delayed match to sample (DMS)), carotid artery intima-media thickness (measured by ultrasound), and evaluated the potential neural mechanisms mediating the cognitive effects of TILS using exploratory brain studies of electroencephalography (EEG, n = 6) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI, n = 6). Cognitive performance, age, and carotid artery intima-media thickness were highly correlated, but all participants improved in all cognitive measures after TILS treatments. Baseline vs. chronic (five weekly sessions, 8 min each) comparisons of mean cognitive scores all showed improvements, significant for PVT reaction time (p < 0.001), PVT lapses (p < 0.001), and DMS correct responses (p < 0.05). The neural studies also showed for the first time that TILS increases resting-state EEG alpha, beta, and gamma power and promotes more efficient prefrontal blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD)-fMRI response. Importantly, no adverse effects were found. These preliminary findings support the use of TILS for larger randomized clinical trials with this non-invasive approach to augment neurocognitive function in older people to combat aging-related and vascular disease-related cognitive decline.
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Wu GC, Leng RX, Lu Q, Fan YG, Wang DG, Ye DQ. Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Angiology 2016; 68:447-461. [PMID: 27252243 DOI: 10.1177/0003319716652031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the differences in major markers of cardiovascular (CV) risk between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and controls by a systematic review and a meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for literature comparing CV risk markers in IBDs and controls. The overall mean carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), flow-mediated dilation (FMD%), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) difference between patients with IBDs and control groups were calculated. Twenty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 16 studies with data on CIMT, 7 studies reporting FMD%, and 9 studies on cfPWV. Compared to controls, patients with IBDs showed significantly higher CIMT (standardized mean difference [ SMD]: 0.534 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.230 to 0.838; P = .001), significantly lower FMD% ( SMD, -0.721%; 95% CI, -1.020 to -0.421; P < .0001), and significantly increased cfPWV ( SMD, 0.849; 95% CI, 0.589 to 1.110; P < .0001). When analyzing subgroups with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease (CD), all results were still significant except CIMT in CD. Our findings support the current evidence for an elevated CV burden in patients with IBD and support the clinical utility of markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Cui Wu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Lu
- 2 Department of Clinical Medicine, The College of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yin-Guang Fan
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - De-Guang Wang
- 3 Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Kim JH, Youn HJ, Kim GH, Moon KW, Yoo KD, Kim CM. The Clinical Significance of Separate Measurements of Carotid Arterial Wall to Assess the Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2016; 24:48-54. [PMID: 27081444 PMCID: PMC4828414 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2016.24.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is associated with several risk factors for atherosclerosis and has been consistently linked to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. The clinical significance of separate measurements of CIMT, which is the sum of the intima (IT) and media thickness (MT), to use as an assessment of risk for atherosclerosis has not yet been fully established. Methods Among 3377 patients who underwent B-mode ultrasound of carotid arteries and coronary angiography in the Medical Department of St. Mary's Hospital from September 2003 to March 2009, 1146 subjects (M:F = 616:530; mean age, 57.7 ± 12.1 years) who were diagnosed with normal coronary arteries were enrolled in this study. IT, MT, and CIMT of the enrolled patients were manually measured using high-frequency ultrasonography (15 MHz linear array transducer). Results In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (β = 0.063, p < 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.028, p = 0.018), and hypertension (HTN) (β = 0.046, p = 0.0002) were associated with MT (R2 = 0.256) and the IT/MT ratio (R2 = 0.209). Age (β = 0.065, p < 0.0001), BMI (β = 0.025, p = 0.038), hemoglobin A1c (β = 0.045, p = 0.045), and HTN (β = 0.043, p = 0.0006) correlated with mean CIMT (R2 = 0.230). Age (β = -0.071, p < 0.0001) and BMI (β = -0.046, p = 0.002) were associated with the IT/MT ratio (R2 = 0.219) on the left side. Age (β = 0.093, p < 0.0001) was related to MT (R2 = 0.265) and mean CIMT (R2 = 0.243) on the left side. Conclusion We noted different atherosclerotic risk factors were related to measurements of the arterial wall in different ways. Therefore, separate measurements of CIMT might be a useful method to assess the risk for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Youn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gee-Hee Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Keon-Woong Moon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ki-Dong Yoo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chul-Min Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
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Yu JS, Choi YS, Kim JY, Kim JH, Chung WB, Park CS, Oh YS, Youn HJ, Chung WS, Lee MY. Carotid intima-media thickness is not related with clinical outcomes in young hypertensives. Clin Hypertens 2015; 21:15. [PMID: 26893925 PMCID: PMC4750788 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-015-0021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Careful observations of long- and short-term outcomes associated with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) are relatively limited. METHODS A total of 2,972 patients (male:female = 1,960:1,012; mean age = 62 ± 12 years) who underwent carotid IMT measurements from September 2003 to March 2009 were divided into four groups. Group I (n = 271; mean age, 42 ± 7.8 years) included normotensive younger subjects (males, <45 years and females <55 years), group II (n = 992; mean age, 63 ± 9 years) included normotensive elderly subjects, group III (n = 177; mean age, 46 ± 7.8 years) was hypertensive younger subjects, and group IV (n = 1,532; mean age, 63 ± 10.2 years) was hypertensive elderly subjects. We analyzed the clinical and cardiovascular events in the younger hypertensive subjects based on IMT measurements. RESULTS The baseline characteristics of the subjects showed that carotid IMT increased in the elderly subjects and in patients with hypertension. Poor clinical outcomes, such as all-cause death and major adverse cardiac events, were related with age, not with hypertension. Among the conventional risk factors, age and the highest quartile level of right maximum carotid IMT were related with major adverse events (young: odds ratio [OR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25 to 0.9 vs. OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.49). The patients in the highest quartile of carotid IMT had worse survival outcomes than those with the lowest IMT (p = 0.03). DISCUSSION Subjects with hypertension had increased carotid IMT levels. Controlling hypertension and carefully evaluating carotid IMT are important to prevent cardiovascular events even in younger subjects with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sok Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yuksamro 10, Seoul, 150-713 South Korea
| | - Yun-Seok Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yuksamro 10, Seoul, 150-713 South Korea
| | - Ju-Youn Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yuksamro 10, Seoul, 150-713 South Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yuksamro 10, Seoul, 150-713 South Korea
| | - Woo-Baek Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yuksamro 10, Seoul, 150-713 South Korea
| | - Chul-Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yuksamro 10, Seoul, 150-713 South Korea
| | - Yong-Seog Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yuksamro 10, Seoul, 150-713 South Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Youn
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yuksamro 10, Seoul, 150-713 South Korea
| | - Wook-Sung Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yuksamro 10, Seoul, 150-713 South Korea
| | - Man-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yuksamro 10, Seoul, 150-713 South Korea
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Kim G, Youn HJ, Choi YS, Jung HO, Chung WS, Kim CM. Is carotid artery evaluation necessary for primary prevention in asymptomatic high-risk patients without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease? Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:1111-9. [PMID: 26185430 PMCID: PMC4500627 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s85216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Routine measurement of the carotid intima–media thickness is not recommended in recent clinical practice guidelines for risk assessment of the first atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) event (the definition of which includes acute coronary syndromes, a history of myocardial infarction, stable or unstable angina, coronary or other arterial revascularization, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral arterial disease presumed to be of atherosclerotic origin). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of carotid artery evaluation for primary prevention of ASCVD in asymptomatic high-risk patients visiting a teaching hospital. Methods Eight hundred seventy-three patients (487 male [55.8%], mean age 59.4±11.5 years) who were statin-naive and without ASCVD, which was proven by coronary angiography or coronary CT angiography, were enrolled in this study. The patients underwent carotid scanning in the Medical Department of St Mary’s Hospital from September 2003 to March 2009. ASCVD outcomes were evaluated for median follow-up of 1,402 days. Results A total of 119 participants experienced ASCVD events. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, age (hazard ratio [HR] =1.026, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.002–1.050, P=0.033), history of smoking (HR =1.751, 95% CI =1.089–2.815, P=0.021), statin therapy (HR =0.388, 95% CI =0.205–0.734, P=0.004), and carotid plaques (HR =1.556, 95% CI =1.009–2.400, P=0.045) were associated with ASCVD events. In middle-aged group (45≤ age <65, n=473), history of smoking (HR =1.995, 95% CI =1.142–3.485, P=0.015), statin therapy (HR =0.320, 95% CI =0.131–0.780, P=0.012), and carotid plaques (HR =1.993, 95% CI =1.116–3.560, P=0.020) were associated with ASCVD events. Conclusion The presence of carotid plaques, history of smoking, and statin therapy might be important factors for primary prevention of ASCVD in asymptomatic high-risk patients, especially in middle-aged patients. Therefore, the results suggest that carotid artery parameters may have an additional predictive value for primary prevention of ASCVD in the middle-aged high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- GeeHee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Youn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seok Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ok Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Sung Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Liang Y, Hou Y, Niu H, Lu M, Xue L, Sun Q. Correlation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and carotid plaques with coronary artery disease in elderly patients. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:275-278. [PMID: 26170948 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the correlation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and carotid plaques with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 140 patients with angina who underwent coronary angiography were selected and divided into a single-vessel disease group (n=11), double-vessel disease group (n=18), multi-vessel disease group (n=71) and control group (n=40). Color Doppler ultrasound was applied to measure the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) and carotid bifurcation, and to record the location and number of carotid plaques. The serum hs-CRP level was also determined. Compared with the control and single-vessel disease groups, the multi-vessel disease group showed significantly higher IMT of the CCA (P<0.05). The serum hs-CRP level was highest in the multi-vessel disease group (P<0.01). The hs-CRP level and carotid plaque characteristics were found to correlate closely with the severity of CAD. Therefore, they may be used to improve the prediction of CAD severity in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Yuanping Hou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Niu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Qianmei Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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Metabolic syndrome showed significant relationship with carotid atherosclerosis. Heart Vessels 2015; 31:664-70. [PMID: 25810113 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-015-0668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We assessed the associations between MetS and the indicators of carotid atherosclerosis as assessed by ultrasonography taking into consideration of confounders in the general population. A total of 1281 subjects (856 males, 425 females) were included in the present study. The total plaque score and maximum intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries were measured as indicators of atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular risk factors were several metabolic components, serum uric acid, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and lifestyle factors. MetS was defined according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program. The prevalences of an elevated total plaque score (≥5) and elevated IMT (>1 mm) of the carotid arteries were significantly higher in subjects with MetS as compared to subjects without MetS. Furthermore, a trend was observed towards higher prevalences of these indicators of atherosclerosis as the number of components of MetS increased. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between elevated plaque score and MetS even after adjustments for age, serum uric acid, serum CRP and lifestyle factors in the males. Among the indicators of atherosclerosis assessed by carotid ultrasonography, a significant independent association was observed between the total plaque score and MetS in males in the general population.
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Metabolic Syndrome Is Correlated With Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients With Lupus Nephritis. Am J Med Sci 2014; 348:486-91. [DOI: 10.1097/maj.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Association of the thickness of carotid intima-media complex and ancle brachial index with coronary disease severity. Open Med (Wars) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-013-0309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
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25
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Kalkan GY, Gür M, Koyunsever NY, Şeker T, Gözükara MY, Uçar H, Kaypaklı O, Baykan AO, Akyol S, Türkoğlu C, Elbasan Z, Şahin DY, Çaylı M. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Aortic Intima-Media Thickness in Patients Without Clinical Manifestation of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 29:305-11. [PMID: 25130180 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Existing evidence suggests that impaired vitamin D metabolism contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Aortic intima-media thickness (IMT) is an earlier marker than carotid IMT of preclinical atherosclerosis. However, there is a lack of researches on direct investigation of relevance between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and thoracic aortic IMT. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between thoracic aortic IMT and 25(OH)D. METHODS We studied 117 patients (mean age: 45.5 ± 8.4 years) who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for various indications. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using a direct competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay. The patients were divided into three groups according to the their serum 25(OH)D levels (VitDdeficiency , VitDinsufficient and VitDnormal groups). TEE was performed in all subjects. High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and other biochemical markers were measured using an automated chemistry analyzer. RESULTS Only 24.8% (29 patients) of patients had normal levels of 25(OH)D. The highest aortic IMT values were observed in VitDdeficiency group compared with VitDinsufficient and VitDnormal groups (P < 0.05, for all). Also aortic IMT values of VitDinsufficient group were higher than VitDnormal group (P < 0.05). 25(OH)D was independently associated with hs-CRP (β = -0.442, P < 0.001) and aortic IMT (β = -0.499, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The lower 25(OH)D level was independently associated with higher aortic IMT values. Therefore, hypovitaminosis D may have a role on pathogenesis of subclinical thoracic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülhan Yüksel Kalkan
- Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana/Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gür
- Kafkas University, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Kars, Turkey
| | | | - Taner Şeker
- Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana/Turkey
| | | | - Hakan Uçar
- Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana/Turkey
| | - Onur Kaypaklı
- Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana/Turkey
| | - Ahmet Oytun Baykan
- Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana/Turkey
| | - Selehattin Akyol
- Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana/Turkey
| | - Caner Türkoğlu
- Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana/Turkey
| | - Zafer Elbasan
- Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana/Turkey
| | | | - Murat Çaylı
- Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana/Turkey
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Huang Y, Chen B, Yao F, Chen S, Ouyang B, Deng C, Huang Y. Weaker Masturbatory Erection May Be a Sign of Early Cardiovascular Risk Associated with Erectile Dysfunction in Young Men Without Sexual Intercourse. J Sex Med 2014; 11:1519-26. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Uematsu M, Nakamura T, Sugamata W, Kitta Y, Fujioka D, Saito Y, Kawabata KI, Obata JE, Watanabe Y, Watanabe K, Kugiyama K. Echolucency of Carotid Plaque Is Useful for Assessment of Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Chronic Coronary Artery Disease Who Achieve LDL-C Goals on Statin Therapy. Circ J 2014; 78:151-8. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Uematsu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Yamanashi University Hospital
| | | | - Wataru Sugamata
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Yamanashi University Hospital
| | - Yoshinobu Kitta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Yamanashi University Hospital
| | - Daisuke Fujioka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Yamanashi University Hospital
| | - Yukio Saito
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Yamanashi University Hospital
| | | | - Jun-ei Obata
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Yamanashi University Hospital
| | - Yosuke Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Yamanashi University Hospital
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Kasliwal RR, Bansal M, Desai D, Sharma M. Carotid intima-media thickness: Current evidence, practices, and Indian experience. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2014; 18:13-22. [PMID: 24701425 PMCID: PMC3968727 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.126522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the developed and developing nations cope up with increasing predisposition to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by adopting lifestyle changes the burden of coronary artery disease continues to rise globally. The presence of modifiable risk factors, which account for more than 90% of the cardiovascular (CV) risk, cannot always be interpreted as the presence of atherosclerotic heart disease and absence of modifiable risk factors do not guarantee absence of atherosclerotic changes in the arterial tree. Increasing awareness about primordial prevention and primary prevention of CVD is of vital importance in such scenarios. Ultrasonographic measurement of intima media thickness has been reported as a procedure to detect the early stages of atherosclerosis. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) testing is a safe, noninvasive and cost effective method to detect early atherosclerotic vascular diseases. This method of CV risk evaluation drew attention worldwide and of Indian physicians because of its feasibility in Indian population. Hence, detection and management of atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals will go a long way in preventing atherosclerotic diseases and prolonging survival and improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi R. Kasliwal
- Division of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Manish Bansal
- Division of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Devang Desai
- Interventional Cardiologist, Mahavir Cardiac Hospital, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Maya Sharma
- Medical Affairs, Astra Zeneca India, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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ten Kate GL, ten Kate GJR, van den Oord SCH, Dedic A, Dharampal AS, Nieman K, de Feyter PJ, Sijbrands EJG, van der Steen AFW, Schinkel AFL. Carotid plaque burden as a measure of subclinical coronary artery disease in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiol 2013; 111:1305-10. [PMID: 23411100 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.01.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are at markedly increased risk of developing premature coronary artery disease. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of carotid ultrasonography as a measure of subclinical coronary artery disease in patients with FH. The present prospective study compared the presence of subclinical carotid and coronary artery disease in 67 patients with FH (mean age 55 ± 8 years, 52% men) to that in 30 controls with nonanginal chest pain (mean age 56 ± 9 years, 57% men). The carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque burden were assessed using B-mode ultrasonography, according to the Mannheim consensus. Coronary artery disease was assessed using computed tomographic coronary angiography. A lumen reduction >50% was considered indicative of obstructive coronary artery disease. The patients with FH and the controls had a comparable carotid intima-media thickness (0.64 vs 0.66 mm, p = 0.490), prevalence of carotid plaque (93% vs 83%, p = 0.361), and median carotid plaque score (3 vs 2, p = 0.216). Patients with FH had a significantly greater median coronary calcium score than did the controls (62 vs 5, p = 0.015). However, the prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease was comparable (27% vs 31%, p = 0.677). No association was found between the carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery disease. An association was found between the presence of carotid plaque and coronary artery disease in the patients with FH and the controls. The absence of carotid plaque, observed in 5 patients (7%) with FH, excluded the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease. In conclusion, the patients with FH had a high prevalence of carotid plaque and a significantly greater median coronary calcium score than did the controls. A correlation was found between carotid plaque and coronary artery disease in patients with FH; however, the presence of carotid plaque and carotid plaque burden are not reliable indicators of obstructive coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit L ten Kate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Direk K, Cecelja M, Astle W, Chowienczyk P, Spector TD, Falchi M, Andrew T. The relationship between DXA-based and anthropometric measures of visceral fat and morbidity in women. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2013; 13:25. [PMID: 23552273 PMCID: PMC3769144 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-13-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excess accumulation of visceral fat is a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity. While computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard to measure visceral adiposity, this is often not possible for large studies - thus valid, but less expensive and intrusive proxy measures of visceral fat are required such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Study aims were to a) identify a valid DXA-based measure of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), b) estimate VAT heritability and c) assess visceral fat association with morbidity in relation to body fat distribution. Methods A validation sample of 54 females measured for detailed body fat composition - assessed using CT, DXA and anthropometry – was used to evaluate previously published predictive models of CT-measured visceral fat. Based upon a validated model, we realised an out-of-sample estimate of abdominal VAT area for a study sample of 3457 female volunteer twins and estimated VAT area heritability using a classical twin study design. Regression and residuals analyses were used to assess the relationship between adiposity and morbidity. Results Published models applied to the validation sample explained >80% of the variance in CT-measured visceral fat. While CT visceral fat was best estimated using a linear regression for waist circumference, CT body cavity area and total abdominal fat (R2 = 0.91), anthropometric measures alone predicted VAT almost equally well (CT body cavity area and waist circumference, R2 = 0.86). Narrow sense VAT area heritability for the study sample was estimated to be 58% (95% CI: 51-66%) with a shared familial component of 24% (17-30%). VAT area is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension (HT), subclinical atherosclerosis and liver function tests. In particular, VAT area is associated with T2D, HT and liver function (alanine transaminase) independent of DXA total abdominal fat and body mass index (BMI). Conclusions DXA and anthropometric measures can be utilised to derive estimates of visceral fat as a reliable alternative to CT. Visceral fat is heritable and appears to mediate the association between body adiposity and morbidity. This observation is consistent with hypotheses that suggest excess visceral adiposity is causally related to cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Direk
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, London, UK
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31
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Rim JH, Lee HY, Yoo SM, Jung HY, White CS. Carotid Doppler ultrasonography as a surrogate for coronary CT angiography to exclude subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic patients with a negative coronary calcium score. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2013; 41:164-170. [PMID: 23055231 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.21996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of carotid Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) to predict the presence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic subjects with a zero coronary calcium score. METHODS Retrospective study of CDU and coronary CT angiography (CTA) findings in 118 asymptomatic subjects with a zero calcium score. CDU was considered abnormal when carotid intima-media thickness was >75 percentile or was ≥ 1 mm, or in presence of carotid plaque(s). We analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of CDU to predict the presence of non-calcified coronary plaque in comparison with coronary CTA. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of abnormal CDU to identify the presence of non-calcified coronary plaque on coronary CTA were 82.4% [(14/17); 95% confidence interval (CI), 56.6%-96.2%], 53.5% [(54/101); 95% CI, 43.3%-63.5%], 23.0% [(14/61); 95% CI, 13.1%-35.6%], and 94.7% [(54/57); 95% CI, 85.4%-98.9%], respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although CDU has a low PPV for identifying the presence of non-calcified plaque on coronary CTA, its NPV is high to exclude subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic subjects with a zero calcium score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Rim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yang SJ, Kim S, Choi HY, Kim TN, Yoo HJ, Seo JA, Kim SG, Kim NH, Baik SH, Choi DS, Choi KM. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the low- and intermediate-Framingham risk score groups: Analysis with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Int J Cardiol 2013; 163:277-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Haley AP, Gonzales MM, Tarumi T, Tanaka H. Subclinical vascular disease and cerebral glutamate elevation in metabolic syndrome. Metab Brain Dis 2012; 27:513-20. [PMID: 22552897 PMCID: PMC3614081 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), the co-occurrence of obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidema, is an important risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular disease and end-organ damage in the brain. Our goal was to determine if metabolic syndrome (MetS) differentially affects cerebral metabolism in middle-aged adults with varying degrees of subclinical vascular disease. Sixty-five neurologically healthy adults aged 40 to 60 years (19 with MetS and 46 controls) underwent ultrasound examination of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), a measure of peripheral vascular disease, a full neuropsychological evaluation, and a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) scan of occipitoparietal grey matter. The Johnson-Neyman technique and pick-a-point approach were used to test if MetS-related neurochemical changes were moderated by IMT. The MetS and control groups were comparable in age, education, gender distribution, average IMT, and cognitive performance. MetS individuals with low IMT values (1 SD below sample mean) demonstrated comparable neurochemical concentrations to the healthy controls (t = -0.21, p = 0.84, 95 % CI -0.106 to 0.086), while MetS individuals with high IMT values (1 SD above sample mean) exhibited significantly elevated glutamate concentrations (t = 2.84, p = 0.006, 95 % CI 0.038 to 0.220). We found that the level of peripheral atherosclerosis moderated the level of elevation of cerebral glutamate concentrations in patients with MetS. These results suggest that peripheral metabolic dysfunction in midlife likely acts in conjunction with subclinical vascular disease to foster pro-neurotoxic conditions in the central nervous system creating early brain vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreana P Haley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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Mansouri M, Heshmat R, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Sharifi F, Badamchizadeh Z, Alatab S, Omidfar K, Fakhrzadeh H, Larijani B. The association of carotid intima media thickness with retinol binding protein-4 and total and high molecular weight adiponectin in type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2012; 11:2. [PMID: 23497488 PMCID: PMC3581102 DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-11-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is associated with serum level of retinol- binding protein-4 (RBP4) and total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) without clinical symptom of atherosclerotic disease. METHOD 101 type 2 diabetic patients (mean age, 53.63 ± 8.42 years) and 42 body mass index (BMI) matched control (mean age 50.1 ± 8.4) were recruited. The CIMT was assessed by using B-mode ultrasonography, while serum levels of RBP4 and total and HMW adiponectin were measured by using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Linear regression analysis was performed with CIMT as dependent variable and adipokines and cardio metabolic risk factors as independent variables. RESULT The CIMT was higher in diabetic group compared to control group (p <0.05). The mean concentration of RBP4 and total and HMW adiponectin did not differ between two groups.Age (B = 0.44 P <0.05), blood pressure (B = 0.37 P = <0.05), waist circumference (B = -0.21 P <0.05) and TG (B = 0.1 P <0.05) were identified as independent predictors for CIMT in diabetic group, while RBP4 and adiponectin were not associated with CIMT neither in diabetic group nor in control group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present study showed that serum levels of RBP4 or total and HMW adiponectin were not potential predictors of CIMT in type 2 diabetic patients who exposed to this risk factor at least for nine years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Mansouri
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Zohreh Badamchizadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Sudabeh Alatab
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Kobra Omidfar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Hossein Fakhrzadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, IR, Iran
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Orthostatic blood pressure response, carotid intima-media thickness, and plasma fibrinogen in older nondiabetic adults. J Hypertens 2012; 30:522-9. [PMID: 22241141 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834fa860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although recent studies have indicated that both orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension (OHTN) independently predict cardiovascular events, the underlying mechanisms are still debatable. METHODS A total of 700 nondiabetic adults (43% men, age 64 years) were examined by orthostatic blood pressure (BP) test, carotid artery ultrasonography, and biochemical tests including plasma fibrinogen and lipid profile. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression was applied to assess association of intima-media thickness (IMT) and P-fibrinogen with orthostatic hypotension and OHTN. In addition, distribution of IMT and P-fibrinogen across quintiles of orthostatic systolic BP (SBP) response was analyzed. RESULTS Orthostatic hypotension and OHTN were found in 40 (5.7%) and 45 (6.4%) study participants, respectively. Both IMT [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) per one-SD increment: 1.27, 1.01-1.60; P = 0.04] and P-fibrinogen (OR 1.44, 1.07-1.93; P = 0.02) were associated with orthostatic hypotension in a crude model. After adjustment relationship between orthostatic hypotension and IMT was slightly attenuated (OR 1.26, 0.96-1.65; P = 0.09) but was substantially unchanged in regard to P-fibrinogen (OR 1.45, 1.06-1.99; P = 0.02). In contrast, OHTN showed no association with either IMT or P-fibrinogen (adjusted OR 1.09, 0.78-1.52; P = 0.61, and 0.97, 0.70-1.34; P = 0.84, respectively). Distribution of IMT across quintiles of orthostatic SBP response was U-shaped, whereas that of fibrinogen was more linear but none of borderline quintiles (with pronounced hypertensive or hypotensive response) significantly differed from the middle quintiles in a fully adjusted model. CONCLUSION In older nondiabetic adults only orthostatic hypotension seems to independently correlate with increased carotid atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation.
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Evaluation of carotid intima-media thickness, a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, in children with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Radiol 2012; 42:679-84. [PMID: 22450433 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-012-2361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory and cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death in children with cerebral palsy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate sonographic carotid intima-media thickness, an early marker of atherosclerosis, in children with cerebral palsy and in healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred children with cerebral palsy (65 boys), mean age 6.2 (SD, 2.1) years, and 35 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness was measured sonographically. Differences between patients and controls were evaluated with an independent samples t-test. RESULTS Age, sex distribution and levels of serum lipids were comparable between patients and controls. Average, right and left carotid artery intima-media were thicker in patients compared with controls (mean ± SD, 0.61 ± 0.13 mm vs 0.40 ± 0.03 mm; 0.61 ± 0.14 mm vs 0.40 ± 0.03 mm; 0.61 ± 0.13 mm vs 0.40 ± 0.03 mm, respectively; all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Carotid intima-media is sonographically thicker in children with cerebral palsy compared with healthy controls, which may express an increased risk of atherosclerotic diseases.
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Ershova AI, Balakhonova TV, Meshkov AN, Rozhkova TA, Boytsov SA. Ultrasound markers that describe plaques are more sensitive than mean intima-media thickness in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2012; 38:417-422. [PMID: 22261515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A widely adopted ultrasound surrogate marker for predicting cardiovascular risk is mean intima-medial thickness (mean-IMT). There are, however, certain limitations to this methodology. We compared the severity of carotid atherosclerosis in adult patients with high cardiovascular risk (patients with familial hypercholesterolemia [FH] and without previous statin treatment) and in their adult FH-free first-degree relatives using not only mean-IMT, but also maximum-IMT, plaque number, plaque score and percent area stenosis. Mean-IMT has not differed in both groups (0.64 ± 0.18 mm vs. 0.58 ± 0.13 mm in the control group, p = 0.349). Maximum-IMT (0.99 ± 0.35 vs. 0.76 ± 0.19, p = 0.0057), plaque number (3 ± 3 vs. 1 ± 2, p = 0.0009), plaque score (5.14 ± 4.97 mm vs. 1.58 ± 3.09 mm, p = 0.0009) and percent area stenosis (38% ± 22% vs. 12% ± 20%, p = 0.0004) were significantly higher for FH patients than for their relatives. We have demonstrated that plaque number, plaque score and percent area stenosis markers were more sensitive than mean-IMT for cardiovascular risk estimation in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I Ershova
- Department of Age-Related Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases, Russian Cardiology Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
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What the radiologist needs to know about the diabetic patient. Insights Imaging 2012; 2:193-203. [PMID: 22347947 PMCID: PMC3259362 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-011-0068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognised as a major health problem. Ninety-nine percent of diabetics suffer from type 2 DM and 10% from type 1 and other types of DM. The number of diabetic patients worldwide is expected to reach 380 millions over the next 15 years. The duration of diabetes is an important factor in the pathogenesis of complications, but other factors frequently coexisting with type 2 DM, such as hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia, also contribute to the development of diabetic angiopathy. Microvascular complications include retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Macroangiopathy mainly affects coronary arteries, carotid arteries and arteries of the lower extremities. Eighty percent of deaths in the diabetic population result from cardiovascular incidents. DM is considered an equivalent of coronary heart disease (CHD). Stroke and peripheral artery disease (PAD) are other main manifestations of diabetic macroangiopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) represents another chronic complication that occurs independently of CHD and hypertension. The greater susceptibility of diabetic patients to infections completes the spectrum of the main consequences of DM. The serious complications of DM make it essential for physicians to be aware of the screening guidelines, allowing for earlier patient diagnosis and treatment.
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Lin E, Hashimoto B, Hwang W. Imaging of subclinical atherosclerosis: questions and answers. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2011; 40:116-26. [PMID: 21440193 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An increasingly important public health issue is the identification, stratification, and optimal management of individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis. This review addresses those aspects of noninvasive imaging of subclinical atherosclerosis that are most available and relevant to the practicing radiologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Lin
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98111, USA.
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Hirano M, Nakamura T, Kitta Y, Takishima I, Deyama J, Kobayashi T, Fujioka D, Saito Y, Watanabe K, Watanabe Y, Kawabata KI, Obata JE, Kugiyama K. Short-term progression of maximum intima-media thickness of carotid plaque is associated with future coronary events in patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2011; 215:507-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ko GT, Chow CC, Leung G, Au-Yeung TW, Chan WB, Lam CS, Lo M, Lee KK. High rate of increased carotid intima-media thickness and atherosclerotic plaques in Chinese asymptomatic subjects with central obesity. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2010; 27:833-41. [PMID: 20978850 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-010-9733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Both central obesity and increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) are markers of atherosclerosis and associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Information of IMT in Chinese subjects with central obesity is limited. This study was performed to assess the rate of atherosclerosis and abnormal IMT in asymptomatic Chinese subjects with central obesity, and to investigate the association between IMT values and CVD risk factors including hypertension, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia. We studied 122 centrally obese adults who had good past health. IMT measurements on carotid arteries were performed and fasting blood taken for plasma glucose and lipid profiles. Abnormal IMT was defined as > 0.9 mm. Atherosclerosis was defined as the presence of one or more visible plague. Of the 122 subjects, the mean (±SD) age was 59.4 ± 5.8 years (median [range]: 59.0 [45-75] years). The median IMT value was 0.70 mm (range: 0.53-1.19 mm) [men vs. women: 0.74 mm vs. 0.66 mm, P-value: < 0.001]. IMT values and the rate of atherosclerosis increased with age and the number of CVD risk factors (P-value for trend: < 0.05). Using binary logistic regression to predict the presence of atherosclerosis with the presence of abnormal IMT, age, gender, and other CVD risk factors as independent variables, age (OR [95% CI] = 1.13 [1.03, 1.23], P = 0.009) and abnormal IMT (OR [95% CI] = 4.05 [1.09, 15.03], P = 0.037) were independently associated with atherosclerosis. In conclusion, among Hong Kong Chinese asymptomatic subjects with central obesity, there was a high rate of CVD risk factors. We found that 19% of these subjects had carotid atherosclerotic plaques and 10% of them had abnormal IMT (>0.9 mm). Carotid IMT study may serve as an appropriate screening tool to diagnose atherosclerosis in the centrally obese middle-aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Ko
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Kotani K, Yamada S, Uurtuya S, Yamada T, Taniguchi N, Sakurabayashi I. The association between blood glucose and oxidized lipoprotein(a) in healthy young women. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:103. [PMID: 20858228 PMCID: PMC2949859 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidized lipoproteins play important roles in the atherosclerotic processes. Oxidized lipoprotein(a) (oxLp(a)) may be more potent in atherosclerotic pathophysiology than native Lp(a), a cardiovascular disease-relevant lipoprotein. Increased blood glucose concentrations can induce oxidative modification of lipoproteins. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between circulating oxLp(a) and cardiometabolic variables including blood glucose in healthy volunteers within the normal range of blood glucose. Methods Several cardiometabolic variables and serum oxLp(a) (using an ELISA system) were measured among 70 healthy females (mean age, 22 years). Results Lp(a) and glucose were significantly and positively correlated with oxLp(a) in simple correlation test. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression analysis showed oxLp(a) to have a weakly, but significantly positive and independent correlation with only blood glucose (β = 0.269, P < 0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that increased glucose may enhance the oxidization of Lp(a) even at normal glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Kotani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
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Intima-media thickness, myocardial perfusion and laboratory risk factors of atherosclerosis in patients with breast cancer treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Med Oncol 2010; 28:1281-7. [PMID: 20567943 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An increased incidence of complications of atherosclerosis has been noted in cancer survivors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in patients with breast carcinoma, the effect of antracycline-based chemotherapy on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), myocardial perfusion, assessed by single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) and laboratory parameters associated with the risk of atherosclerosis. Thirty-six patients with breast cancer were evaluated before and after anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Retinol, alpha-tocopherol, glycosylated hemoglobin and urinary neopterin were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Peripheral blood cell count, D-dimers, fibrinogen, antithrombin, glucose, magnesium, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, C-reactive protein, lipoprotein (a), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, homocysteine, urinary albumin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were determined with routine methods. No significant differences were observed between patients and 16 controls. Compared to the measurement before the start of therapy, peripheral blood leukocyte and platelet count, hemoglobin, creatinine, HDL cholesterol, retinol, albumin, urinary albumin and NAG decreased, and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, neopterin and mean IMT increased significantly after the treatment. Of the 36 patients who had SPECT after treatment, perfusion defects were noted only in two cases, including the patient who had perfusion defects at baseline examination and a patient who did not have a baseline SPECT. In conclusion, a significant increase in carotid IMT, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and urinary neopterin and a decrease of peripheral blood leukocyte and platelet counts, hemoglobin, creatinine, HDL cholesterol, retinol, albumin and NAG were observed after the treatment.
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