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Xiao J, Chen X, Guo W, Li Y, Liu J. Moderate intensity exercise may protect cardiac function by influencing spleen microbiome composition. iScience 2024; 27:108635. [PMID: 38292426 PMCID: PMC10826308 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of physical exercise on human cardiorespiratory fitness might be through reduced systemic inflammation, but the mechanism remains a controversy. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of spleen microbiomes in immune regulation. Hence, we conducted a study using a high-fat diet and exercise mouse model to investigate the relationships among different exercise intensities, spleen microbiome composition, and cardiac function. The mice spleen contained a diverse array of microbiota. Different intensities of exercise resulted in varying compositions of the spleen microbiome, Treg cell levels, and mouse heart function. Additionally, the abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii in the mouse spleen exhibited a positive correlation with Treg cell levels, suggesting that Lactobacillus johnsonii may contribute to the production of Treg cells, potentially explaining the protective role of moderate-intensity exercise on cardiac function. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that moderate-intensity exercise may promote cardiac function protection by influencing the spleen microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Weina Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
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Does the Measurement of Ejection Fraction Still Make Sense in the HFpEF Framework? What Recent Trials Suggest. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020693. [PMID: 36675622 PMCID: PMC9867046 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is universally accepted as a cardiac systolic function index and it provides intuitive interpretation of cardiac performance. Over the last two decades, it has erroneously become the leading feature used by clinicians to characterize the left ventricular function in heart failure (HF). Notably, LVEF sets the basis for structural and functional HF phenotype classification in current guidelines. However, its diagnostic and prognostic role in patients with preserved or mildly reduced contractile function is less clear. This is related to several concerns due to intrinsic technical, methodological and hemodynamic limitations entailed in LVEF measurement that do not describe the chamber's real contractile performance as expressed by pressure volume loop relationship. In patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), it does not reflect the effective systolic function because it is prone to preload and afterload variability and it does not account for both longitudinal and torsional contraction. Moreover, a repetitive measurement could be assessed over time to better identify HF progression related to natural evolution of disease and to the treatment response. Current gaps may partially explain the causes of negative or neutral effects of traditional medical agents observed in HFpEF. Nevertheless, recent pooled analysis has evidenced the positive effects of new therapies across the LVEF range, suggesting a potential role irrespective of functional status. Additionally, a more detailed analysis of randomized trials suggests that patients with higher LVEF show a risk reduction strictly related to overall cardiovascular (CV) events; on the other hand, patients experiencing lower LVEF values have a decrease in HF-related events. The current paper reports the main limitations and shortcomings in LVEF assessment, with specific focus on patients affected by HFpEF, and it suggests alternative measurements better reflecting the real hemodynamic status. Future investigations may elucidate whether the development of non-invasive stroke volume and longitudinal function measurements could be extensively applied in clinical trials for better phenotyping and screening of HFpEF patients.
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Rabbani M, Satriano A, Garcia J, Thompson S, Wu JN, Pejevic M, Anderson T, Dufour A, Phillips A, White JA. Limits of Cardiovascular Adaptation During an Extreme Ultramarathon: Insights From Serial Multidimensional, Multiparametric CMR. JACC Case Rep 2022; 4:1104-1109. [PMID: 36124158 PMCID: PMC9481903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2022.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extreme endurance athletic challenges provide unique opportunities to study the cardiovascular system's capacity for structural, functional, and hemodynamic adaptation. The authors present a case of a male subject who ran 2,469 km, with serial multiparametric cardiac magnetic resonance imaging used to demonstrate adaptive and maladaptive alterations in cardiac remodeling and myocardial tissue health. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Rabbani
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alessandro Satriano
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julio Garcia
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Skye Thompson
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jian-Nong Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Milada Pejevic
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Todd Anderson
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aaron Phillips
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James A. White
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Bojer AS, Soerensen MH, Gaede P, Myerson S, Madsen PL. Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Studied with Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review of Techniques and Relation to Established Measures of Diastolic Function. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071282. [PMID: 34359363 PMCID: PMC8305340 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In recent years, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has been used to assess LV diastolic function. In this systematic review, studies were identified where CMR parameters had been evaluated in healthy and/or patient groups with proven diastolic dysfunction or known to develop heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We aimed at describing the parameters most often used, thresholds where possible, and correlation to echocardiographic and invasive measurements. Methods and results: A systematic literature review was performed using the databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. In total, 3808 articles were screened, and 102 studies were included. Four main CMR techniques were identified: tagging; time/volume curves; mitral inflow quantification with velocity-encoded phase-contrast sequences; and feature tracking. Techniques were described and estimates were presented in tables. From published studies, peak change of torsion shear angle versus volume changes in early diastole (−dφ′/dV′) (from tagging analysis), early peak filling rate indexed to LV end-diastolic volume <2.1 s−1 (from LV time-volume curve analysis), enlarged LA maximal volume >52 mL/m2, lowered LA total (<40%), and lowered LA passive emptying fractions (<16%) seem to be reliable measures of LV diastolic dysfunction. Feature tracking, especially of the atrium, shows promise but is still a novel technique. Conclusion: CMR techniques of LV untwisting and early filling and LA measures of poor emptying are promising for the diagnosis of LV filling impairment, but further research in long-term follow-up studies is needed to assess the ability for the parameters to predict patient related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemie Stege Bojer
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark; (M.H.S.); (P.G.)
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Sothern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin Heyn Soerensen
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark; (M.H.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Peter Gaede
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark; (M.H.S.); (P.G.)
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Sothern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Saul Myerson
- Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
| | - Per Lav Madsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Laddu DR, Rana JS, Murillo R, Sorel ME, Quesenberry CP, Allen NB, Gabriel KP, Carnethon MR, Liu K, Reis JP, Lloyd-Jones D, Carr JJ, Sidney S. 25-Year Physical Activity Trajectories and Development of Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease as Measured by Coronary Artery Calcium: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2017; 92:1660-1670. [PMID: 29050797 PMCID: PMC5679779 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate 25-year physical activity (PA) trajectories from young to middle age and assess associations with the prevalence of coronary artery calcification (CAC). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study includes 3175 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study who self-reported PA by questionnaire at 8 follow-up examinations over 25 years (from March 1985-June 1986 through June 2010-May 2011). The presence of CAC (CAC>0) at year 25 was measured using computed tomography. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify PA trajectories with increasing age. RESULTS We identified 3 distinct PA trajectories: trajectory 1, below PA guidelines (n=1813; 57.1%); trajectory 2, meeting PA guidelines (n=1094; 34.5%); and trajectory 3, 3 times PA guidelines (n=268; 8.4%). Trajectory 3 participants had higher adjusted odds of CAC>0 (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% CI, 0.95-1.70) vs those in trajectory 1. Stratification by race showed that white participants who engaged in PA 3 times the guidelines had higher odds of developing CAC>0 (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.21-2.67). Further stratification by sex showed higher odds for white males (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.16-2.98), and similar but nonsignificant trends were noted for white females (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 0.79-3.71). However, no such higher odds of CAC>0 for trajectory 3 were observed for black participants. CONCLUSION White individuals who participated in 3 times the recommended PA guidelines over 25 years had higher odds of developing coronary subclinical atherosclerosis by middle age. These findings warrant further exploration, especially by race, into possible biological mechanisms for CAC risk at very high levels of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika R. Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jamal S. Rana
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Rosenda Murillo
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Michael E. Sorel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Norrina B. Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Kelley P. Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences. University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health – Austin Campus, Austin, TX
| | - Mercedes R. Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Kiang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jared P. Reis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Donald Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - J. Jeffrey Carr
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
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Swoboda PP, Erhayiem B, McDiarmid AK, Lancaster RE, Lyall GK, Dobson LE, Ripley DP, Musa TA, Garg P, Ferguson C, Greenwood JP, Plein S. Relationship between cardiac deformation parameters measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance and aerobic fitness in endurance athletes. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2016; 18:48. [PMID: 27535657 PMCID: PMC4989526 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-016-0266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletic training leads to remodelling of both left and right ventricles with increased myocardial mass and cavity dilatation. Whether changes in cardiac strain parameters occur in response to training is less well established. In this study we investigated the relationship in trained athletes between cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) derived strain parameters of cardiac function and fitness. METHODS Thirty five endurance athletes and 35 age and sex matched controls underwent CMR at 3.0 T including cine imaging in multiple planes and tissue tagging by spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM). CMR data were analysed quantitatively reporting circumferential strain and torsion from tagged images and left and right ventricular longitudinal strain from feature tracking of cine images. Athletes performed a maximal ramp-incremental exercise test to determine the lactate threshold (LT) and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max). RESULTS LV circumferential strain at all levels, LV twist and torsion, LV late diastolic longitudinal strain rate, RV peak longitudinal strain and RV early and late diastolic longitudinal strain rate were all lower in athletes than controls. On multivariable linear regression only LV torsion (beta = -0.37, P = 0.03) had a significant association with LT. Only RV longitudinal late diastolic strain rate (beta = -0.35, P = 0.03) had a significant association with V̇O2max. CONCLUSIONS This cohort of endurance athletes had lower LV circumferential strain, LV torsion and biventricular diastolic strain rates than controls. Increased LT, which is a major determinant of performance in endurance athletes, was associated with decreased LV torsion. Further work is needed to understand the mechanisms by which this occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P. Swoboda
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Bara Erhayiem
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Adam K. McDiarmid
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Rosalind E. Lancaster
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Gemma K. Lyall
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Laura E. Dobson
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - David P. Ripley
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Tarique A. Musa
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Pankaj Garg
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Carrie Ferguson
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - John P. Greenwood
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Sven Plein
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
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Holloway TM, Spriet LL. Rebuttal from Tanya M. Holloway and Lawrence L. Spriet. J Physiol 2015; 593:5225. [PMID: 26642302 PMCID: PMC4704529 DOI: 10.1113/jp271581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lawrence L Spriet
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Martinez MW. Advanced Imaging of Athletes: Added Value of Coronary Computed Tomography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Clin Sports Med 2015; 34:433-48. [PMID: 26100420 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac computed tomographic angiography have become important parts of the armamentarium for noninvasive diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. Emerging technologies have produced faster imaging, lower radiation dose, improved spatial and temporal resolution, as well as a wealth of prognostic data to support usage. Investigating true pathologic disease as well as distinguishing normal from potentially dangerous is now increasingly more routine for the cardiologist in practice. This article investigates how advanced imaging technologies can assist the clinician when evaluating all athletes for pathologic disease that may put them at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Martinez
- Division of Cardiology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, 1250 South Cedar Crest Boulevard, Suite 300, Allentown, PA 18103, USA.
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Scott JM, Haykowsky MJ. Letter by Scott and Haykowsky Regarding Articles, "Can Intensive Exercise Harm the Heart? The Benefits of Competitive Endurance Training for Cardiovascular Structure and Function" and "Can Intensive Exercise Harm the Heart? You Can Get Too Much of a Good Thing". Circulation 2015; 131:e523. [PMID: 26056349 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.013457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Scott
- Universities Space Research Association, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX
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Babcock MC, Lefferts WK, Hughes WE, Fitzgerald KL, Leyer BK, Redmond JG, Heffernan KS. Acute effect of high-intensity cycling exercise on carotid artery hemodynamic pulsatility. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 115:1037-45. [PMID: 25543325 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-3084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate the effects of acute high-intensity exercise on common carotid artery (CCA) dimensions, stiffness, and wave intensity. METHODS Fifty-five healthy men and women (22 ± 5 year; 24.5 ± 2.7 kg m(-2)) underwent 30 s of high-intensity cycling (HIC; Wingate anaerobic test). CCA diameter, stiffness [β-stiffness, Elastic Modulus (E p)], pulsatility index (PI), forward wave intensities [due to LV contraction (W 1) and LV suction (W 2)], and reflected wave intensity [negative area (NA)] were assessed using a combination of Doppler ultrasound, wave intensity analysis, and applanation tonometry at baseline and immediately post-HIC. RESULTS CCA β-stiffness, E p, PI and pulse pressure increased significantly immediately post-HIC (p < 0.05). CCA diameter decreased acutely post-HIC (p < 0.05). There were also significant increases in W 1 and NA and a significant decrease in W 2 (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between change in W 1 and PI (r = 0.438, p < 0.05), from rest to recovery as well as a significant inverse correlation between W 2 and PI (r = -0.378, p < 0.05). Change in PI was not associated with change in CCA stiffness or NA (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Acute HIC results in CCA constriction and increases in CCA stiffness along with increases in hemodynamic pulsatility. The increase in pulsatility may be due to a combination of increased forward wave intensity from increased LV contractility into a smaller vessel (i.e. impaired matching of diameter and flow) coupled with reduced LV suction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Babcock
- The Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
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11
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CLAESSEN GUIDO, CLAUS PIET, GHYSELS STEFAN, VERMEERSCH PIETER, DYMARKOWSKI STEVEN, LA GERCHE ANDRE, HEIDBUCHEL HEIN. Right Ventricular Fatigue Developing during Endurance Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:1717-26. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Stefani L, De Luca A, Toncelli L, Pedrizzetti G, Galanti G. 3D Strain helps relating LV function to LV and structure in athletes. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2014; 12:33. [PMID: 25113389 PMCID: PMC4138416 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-12-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evaluation of cardiac contraction could benefit from a connection with the underlying helical structure of cardiac fibers in athletes either completely healthy or with minor common cardiopathies like Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV). This study aims to exploit the potential role of 3D strain to improve the physiological understanding of LV function and modification due to physical activity as a comparative model. METHODS Three age-matched groups of young (age 20.3 ± 5.4) individuals are prospectively enrolled: 15 normal healthy subjects, 15 healthy athletes, and 20 athletes with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). All subjects underwent echocardiographic examination and both 2D and 3D strain analysis. RESULTS All echo parameters were within the normal range in the three groups. Global values of end-systolic longitudinal and circumferential strain, assesses by either 2D or 3D analysis, were not significantly different. The 3D strain analysis was extended in terms of principal and secondary strain (PS, SS). Global PS was very similar, global SS was significantly higher in athletes and displays a modified time course. The comparative analysis of strain-lines pattern suggests that the enhancement of LV function is achieved by a more synchronous recruitment of both left- and right-handed helical fibers. CONCLUSIONS 3D strain analysis allows a deeper physiological understanding of LV contraction in different types of athletes. Secondary strain, only available in 3D, identifies increase of performances due to physical activity; this appears to follow from the synergic activation of endocardial and epicardial fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stefani
- Sport Medicine Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio De Luca
- Sport Medicine Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Loira Toncelli
- Sport Medicine Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianni Pedrizzetti
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgio Galanti
- Sport Medicine Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Skelly LE, Andrews PC, Gillen JB, Martin BJ, Percival ME, Gibala MJ. High-intensity interval exercise induces 24-h energy expenditure similar to traditional endurance exercise despite reduced time commitment. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:845-8. [PMID: 24773393 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Subjects performed high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (END) to evaluate 24-h oxygen consumption. Oxygen consumption during HIIT was lower versus END; however, total oxygen consumption over 24 h was similar. These data demonstrate that HIIT and END induce similar 24-h energy expenditure, which may explain the comparable changes in body composition reported despite lower total training volume and time commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Skelly
- Department of Kinesiology, Ivor Wynne Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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14
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Cote AT, Bredin SSD, Phillips AA, Koehle MS, Glier MB, Devlin AM, Warburton DER. Left ventricular mechanics and arterial-ventricular coupling following high-intensity interval exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:1705-13. [PMID: 24052036 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00576.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity exercise induces marked physiological stress affecting the secretion of catecholamines. Sustained elevations in catecholamines are thought to desensitize cardiac beta receptors and may be a possible mechanism in impaired cardiac function following strenuous exercise. In addition, attenuated arterial-ventricular coupling may identify vascular mechanisms in connection with postexercise attenuations in ventricular function. Thirty-nine normally active (NA) and endurance-trained (ET) men and women completed an echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function before and after an acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise (15 bouts of 1:2 min work:recovery cycling: 100% peak power output and 50 W, respectively). Following exercise, time to peak twist and peak untwisting velocity were delayed (P < 0.01) but did not differ by sex or training status. Interactions for sex and condition (rest vs. exercise) were found for longitudinal diastolic strain rate (men, 1.46 ± 0.19 to 1.28 ± 0.23 s(-1) vs. women, 1.62 ± 0.25 to 1.63 ± 0.26 s(-1); P = 0.01) and arterial elastance (men 2.20 ± 0.65 to 3.24 ± 1.02 mmHg · ml(-1) · m(-2) vs. women 2.51 ± 0.61 to 2.93 ± 0.68 mmHg · ml(-1) · m(-2); P = 0.04). No cardiac variables were found associated with catecholamine levels. The change in twist mechanics was associated with baseline aortic pulse-wave velocity (r(2) = 0.27, P = 0.001). We conclude that males display greater reductions in contractility in response to high-intensity interval exercise, independent of catecholamine concentrations. Furthermore, a novel association of arterial stiffness and twist mechanics following high-intensity acute exercise illustrates the influence of vascular integrity on cardiac mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita T Cote
- Cardiovascular Physiology and Rehabilitation Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Drury CT, Bredin SS, Phillips AA, Warburton DE. Left ventricular twisting mechanics and exercise in healthy individuals: a systematic review. Open Access J Sports Med 2012; 3:89-106. [PMID: 24198592 PMCID: PMC3781904 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s32851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to review systematically the effects of exercise on left ventricular (LV) twisting mechanics in healthy individuals. Literature searches were conducted in electronic databases for articles reporting measures of LV twisting mechanics in healthy individuals before and during/after exercise. Upon review, 18 articles were analyzed. Studies were separated by exercise type into the following four categories to allow for detailed comparisons: submaximal, prolonged endurance, maximal, and chronic endurance. Despite an overall methodological quality of low to moderate and within-group variations in exercise intensity, duration, and subject characteristics, important trends in the literature emerged. Most important, the coupling of LV systolic twisting and diastolic untwisting was present in all exercise types, as both were either improved or impaired concomitantly, highlighting the linkage between systole and diastole provided through LV twist. In addition, trends regarding the effects of age, training status, and cardiac loading also became apparent within different exercise types. Furthermore, a potential dose-response relationship between exercise duration and the degree of impairment to LV twisting mechanics was found. Although some disagreement existed in results, the observed trends provide important directions for future research. Future investigations should be of higher methodological quality and should include consistent exercise protocols and subject populations in order to minimize the variability between investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Taylor Drury
- Cardiovascular Physiology and Rehabilitation Laboratory, University of British Columbia ; Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia
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Scott JM, Khakoo A, Mackey JR, Haykowsky MJ, Douglas PS, Jones LW. Modulation of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity by aerobic exercise in breast cancer: current evidence and underlying mechanisms. Circulation 2012; 124:642-50. [PMID: 21810673 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.021774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Scott
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
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Tomczak CR, Thompson RB, Paterson I, Schulte F, Cheng-Baron J, Haennel RG, Haykowsky MJ. Effect of acute high-intensity interval exercise on postexercise biventricular function in mild heart failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 110:398-406. [PMID: 21088202 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01114.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the acute effect of high-intensity interval exercise on biventricular function using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in nine patients [age: 49 ± 16 yr; left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF): 35.8 ± 7.2%] with nonischemic mild heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that a significant impairment in the immediate postexercise end-systolic volume (ESV) and end-diastolic volume (EDV) would contribute to a reduction in EF. We found that immediately following acute high-intensity interval exercise, LV ESV decreased by 6% and LV systolic annular velocity increased by 21% (both P < 0.05). Thirty minutes following exercise (+30 min), there was an absolute increase in LV EF of 2.4% (P < 0.05). Measures of preload, left atrial volume and LV EDV, were reduced immediately following exercise. Similar responses were observed for right ventricular volumes. Early filling velocity, filling rate, and diastolic annular velocity remained unchanged, while LV untwisting rate increased 24% immediately following exercise (P < 0.05) and remained 18% above baseline at +30 min (P < 0.05). The major novel findings of this investigation are 1) that acute high-intensity interval exercise decreases the immediate postexercise LV ESV and increases LV EF at +30 min in patients with mild HF, and this is associated with a reduction in LV afterload and maintenance of contractility, and 2) that despite a reduction in left atrial volume and LV EDV immediately postexercise, diastolic function is preserved and may be modulated by enhanced LV peak untwisting rate. Acute high-intensity interval exercise does not impair postexercise biventricular function in patients with nonischemic mild HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey R Tomczak
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicinem, 3-48 Corbett Hall, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2G4.
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