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Kim G, Kim EY, Lee H, Shin SH, Lee SH, Sohn KY, Kim JW, Lee JS. 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol treatment inhibits abnormal tumor growth by regulating neutrophil infiltration in a non-small cell lung carcinoma mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117269. [PMID: 39137654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive neutrophil infiltration into the tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important factor that contributes to tumor overgrowth and limited immunotherapy efficacy. Neutrophils activate various receptors involved in tumor progression, while suppressing the infiltration and activity of cytotoxic T cells and creating optimal conditions for tumor growth. Therefore, the appropriate control of neutrophil infiltration is an effective strategy for tumor treatment. In the present study, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) inhibited tumor overgrowth by suppressing excessive neutrophil infiltration, resulting in >74.97 % reduction in tumor size in a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-1) mouse model. All subjects in the positive control group died during the 90-day survival period, whereas only four subjects in the PLAG treatment group survived. PLAG had a significantly higher tumor growth inhibitory effect and survival rate than other neutrophil infiltration-targeting inhibitors (e.g., Navarixin, lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D antibody [aLy6G]). The ability of PLAG to regulate neutrophil infiltration and inhibit tumor growth depends on thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). In tumors lacking TXNIP expression, PLAG failed to control neutrophil infiltration and infiltration-related factor release, and the inhibitory effect of PLAG on tumor growth was reduced. PLAG-mediated inhibition of neutrophil infiltration enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), increasing the antitumor efficacy and survival rate by 30 %. In conclusion, PLAG could be a novel alternative to anti-tumor drugs that effectively targets excessive neutrophil infiltration into cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guentae Kim
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 14F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea; Biotoxtech, 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 14F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 14F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Shin
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 14F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 14F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Sohn
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 14F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Kwahak-ro, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Sam Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 14F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea.
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Di Vito A, Donato A, Bria J, Conforti F, La Torre D, Malara N, Donato G. Extracellular Matrix Structure and Interaction with Immune Cells in Adult Astrocytic Tumors. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:54. [PMID: 38969910 PMCID: PMC11226480 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic set of molecules produced by the cellular component of normal and pathological tissues of the embryo and adult. ECM acts as critical regulator in various biological processes such as differentiation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune control. The most frequent primary brain tumors are gliomas and by far the majority are adult astrocytic tumors (AATs). The prognosis for patients with these neoplasms is poor and the treatments modestly improves survival. In the literature, there is a fair number of studies concerning the composition of the ECM in AATs, while the number of studies relating the composition of the ECM with the immune regulation is smaller. Circulating ECM proteins have emerged as a promising biomarker that reflect the general immune landscape of tumor microenvironment and may represent a useful tool in assessing disease activity. Given the importance it can have for therapeutic and prognostic purposes, the aim of our study is to summarize the biological properties of ECM components and their effects on the tumor microenvironment and to provide an overview of the interactions between major ECM proteins and immune cells in AATs. As the field of immunotherapy in glioma is quickly expanding, we retain that current data together with future studies on ECM organization and functions in glioma will provide important insights into the tuning of immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Vito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annalidia Donato
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Bria
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Domenico La Torre
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Natalia Malara
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Donato
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Luenstedt J, Hoping F, Feuerstein R, Mauerer B, Berlin C, Rapp J, Marx L, Reichardt W, von Elverfeldt D, Ruess DA, Plundrich D, Laessle C, Jud A, Neeff HP, Holzner PA, Fichtner-Feigl S, Kesselring R. Partial hepatectomy accelerates colorectal metastasis by priming an inflammatory premetastatic niche in the liver. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388272. [PMID: 38919609 PMCID: PMC11196966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Resection of colorectal liver metastasis is the standard of care for patients with Stage IV CRC. Despite undoubtedly improving the overall survival of patients, pHx for colorectal liver metastasis frequently leads to disease recurrence. The contribution of this procedure to metastatic colorectal cancer at a molecular level is poorly understood. We designed a mouse model of orthograde metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) to investigate the effect of partial hepatectomy (pHx) on tumor progression. Methods CRC organoids were implanted into the cecal walls of wild type mice, and animals were screened for liver metastasis. At the time of metastasis, 1/3 partial hepatectomy was performed and the tumor burden was assessed longitudinally using MRI. After euthanasia, different tissues were analyzed for immunological and transcriptional changes using FACS, qPCR, RNA sequencing, and immunohistochemistry. Results Mice that underwent pHx presented significant liver hypertrophy and an increased overall metastatic load compared with SHAM operated mice in MRI. Elevation in the metastatic volume was defined by an increase in de novo liver metastasis without any effect on the growth of each metastasis. Concordantly, the livers of pHx mice were characterized by neutrophil and bacterial infiltration, inflammatory response, extracellular remodeling, and an increased abundance of tight junctions, resulting in the formation of a premetastatic niche, thus facilitating metastatic seeding. Conclusions Regenerative pathways following pHx accelerate colorectal metastasis to the liver by priming a premetastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jost Luenstedt
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Hoping
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhild Feuerstein
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Mauerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Berlin
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Rapp
- Eye Center, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Marx
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Reichardt
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik von Elverfeldt
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietrich Alexander Ruess
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Plundrich
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Laessle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jud
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Philipp Neeff
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Anton Holzner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kesselring
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Monterroza L, Parrilla MM, Samaranayake SG, Rivera-Rodriguez DE, Yoon SB, Bommireddy R, Hosten J, Barragan LC, Marcus A, Dobosh BS, Selvaraj P, Tirouvanziam R. Tumor-Intrinsic Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Controls Immune Cell Infiltration, Tumor Growth, and Lung Metastasis in a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5392. [PMID: 38791429 PMCID: PMC11121204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly metastatic type of tumor. TNBC is often enriched in tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TINs), which support cancer growth in part by counteracting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Prior studies identified the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as a pro-tumor methyltransferase in primary and metastatic TNBCs. We hypothesized that EZH2 inhibition in TNBC cells per se would exert antitumor activity by altering the tumor immune microenvironment. To test this hypothesis, we used CRISPR to generate EZH2 gene knockout (KO) and overexpressing (OE) lines from parent (wild-type-WT) 4T1 cells, an established murine TNBC model, resulting in EZH2 protein KO and OE, respectively. In vitro, EZH2 KO and OE cells showed early, transient changes in replicative capacity and invasiveness, and marked changes in surface marker profile and cytokine/chemokine secretion compared to WT cells. In vivo, EZH2 KO cells showed significantly reduced primary tumor growth and a 10-fold decrease in lung metastasis compared to WT cells, while EZH2 OE cells were unchanged. Compared to WT tumors, TIN:TIL ratios were greatly reduced in EZH2 KO tumors but unchanged in EZH2 OE tumors. Thus, EZH2 is key to 4T1 aggressiveness as its tumor-intrinsic knockout alters their in vitro secretome and in vivo primary tumor growth, TIN/TIL poise, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenore Monterroza
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (L.M.); (M.M.P.); (J.H.); (B.S.D.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Maria M. Parrilla
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (L.M.); (M.M.P.); (J.H.); (B.S.D.)
| | | | - Dormarie E. Rivera-Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (D.E.R.-R.); (L.C.B.)
| | - Sung Bo Yoon
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.B.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Ramireddy Bommireddy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Justin Hosten
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (L.M.); (M.M.P.); (J.H.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Luisa Cervantes Barragan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (D.E.R.-R.); (L.C.B.)
| | - Adam Marcus
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.B.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Brian S. Dobosh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (L.M.); (M.M.P.); (J.H.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Periasamy Selvaraj
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (L.M.); (M.M.P.); (J.H.); (B.S.D.)
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Li Y, Zheng Y, Tan X, Du Y, Wei Y, Liu S. Extracellular vesicle-mediated pre-metastatic niche formation via altering host microenvironments. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367373. [PMID: 38495881 PMCID: PMC10940351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The disordered growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer are mainly attributed to bidirectional cell-cell interactions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cancer cells are involved in orchestrating the formation of pre-metastatic niches (PMNs). Tumor-derived EVs mediate bidirectional communication between tumor and stromal cells in local and distant microenvironments. EVs carrying mRNAs, small RNAs, microRNAs, DNA fragments, proteins and metabolites determine metastatic organotropism, enhance angiogenesis, modulate stroma cell phenotypes, restructure the extracellular matrix, induce immunosuppression and modify the metabolic environment of organs. Evidence indicates that EVs educate stromal cells in secondary sites to establish metastasis-supportive microenvironments for seeding tumor cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of PMN formation and the underlying mechanisms mediated by EVs. Potential approaches to inhibit cancer metastasis by inhibiting the formation of PMNs are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Operating Room, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongxing Du
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanglong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Elemam NM, Mekky RY, Rashid G, Braoudaki M, Youness RA. Pharmacogenomic and epigenomic approaches to untangle the enigma of IL-10 blockade in oncology. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e1. [PMID: 38186186 PMCID: PMC10941350 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The host immune system status remains an unresolved mystery among several malignancies. An immune-compromised state or smart immune-surveillance tactics orchestrated by cancer cells are the primary cause of cancer invasion and metastasis. Taking a closer look at the tumour-immune microenvironment, a complex network and crosstalk between infiltrating immune cells and cancer cells mediated by cytokines, chemokines, exosomal mediators and shed ligands are present. Cytokines such as interleukins can influence all components of the tumour microenvironment (TME), consequently promoting or suppressing tumour invasion based on their secreting source. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an interlocked cytokine that has been associated with several types of malignancies and proved to have paradoxical effects. IL-10 has multiple functions on cellular and non-cellular components within the TME. In this review, the authors shed the light on the regulatory role of IL-10 in the TME of several malignant contexts. Moreover, detailed epigenomic and pharmacogenomic approaches for the regulation of IL-10 were presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M. Elemam
- Research Instiute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Radwa Y. Mekky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University), Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Gowhar Rashid
- Amity Medical School, Amity University, Gurugram (Manesar) 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Maria Braoudaki
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Rana A. Youness
- Biology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University, Cairo 11835, Egypt
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7
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Macedo C, Costa PC, Rodrigues F. Bioactive compounds from Actinidia arguta fruit as a new strategy to fight glioblastoma. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113770. [PMID: 38129059 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant demand for natural products as a mean of disease prevention or as an alternative to conventional medications. The driving force for this change is the growing recognition of the abundant presence of valuable bioactive compounds in natural products. On recent years Actinia arguta fruit, also known as kiwiberry, has attracted a lot of attention from scientific community due to its richness in bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, organic acids, vitamins, carotenoids and fiber. These bioactive compounds contribute to the fruit's diverse outstanding biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer properties. Due to these properties, the fruit may have the potential to be used in the treatment/prevention of various types of cancer, including glioblastoma. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, displaying 90 % of recurrence rate within a span of 2 years. Despite the employment of an aggressive approach, the prognosis remains unfavorable, emphasizing the urgent requirement for the development of new effective treatments. The preclinical evidence suggests that kiwiberry has potential impact on glioblastoma by reducing the cancer self-renewal, modulating the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the cell phenotype and metabolism, and influencing the consolidation of the tumor microenvironment. Even though, challenges such as the imprecise composition and concentration of bioactive compounds, and its low bioavailability after oral administration may be drawbacks to the development of kiwiberry-based treatments, being urgent to ensure the safety and efficacy of kiwiberry for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma. This review aims to highlight the potential impact of A. arguta bioactive compounds on glioblastoma, providing novel insights into their applicability as complementary or alternative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Macedo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo C Costa
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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Mochizuki K. Harnessing allogeneic CD4 + T cells to reinvigorate host endogenous antitumor immunity. Fukushima J Med Sci 2023; 69:157-165. [PMID: 37880140 PMCID: PMC10694512 DOI: 10.5387/fms.23-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies developed over the past decade have been among the most promising approaches for the treatment of patients with advanced cancers. However, the overall objective response rate of ICB therapy for various cancers remains insufficient. Hence, novel strategies are required to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for advanced cancers. The graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect, which reflects strong antitumor immunity, is known to occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The GVT effect is mainly caused by transplanted donor lymphocytes that recognize and react to distinct alloantigens on tumor cells. In contrast, transplanted allogeneic cells can, in some instances, induce endogenous antitumor immunity in recipients if the graft has been rejected. Because of this ability, allogeneic cells have also been used to induce endogenous antitumor immunity without HSCT, and their beneficial immune response is referred to as the "allogenic effect." Here, we review the usefulness of allogeneic cells, particularly allogeneic CD4+ T cells, in cancer immunotherapy by highlighting their unique potential to induce host endogenous antitumor immunity.
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Heshmat-Ghahdarijani K, Sarmadi V, Heidari A, Falahati Marvasti A, Neshat S, Raeisi S. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a new prognostic factor in cancers: a narrative review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1228076. [PMID: 37860198 PMCID: PMC10583548 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1228076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of cancer globally has highlighted the significance of early diagnosis and improvement of treatment strategies. In the 19th century, a connection was made between inflammation and cancer, with inflammation recognized as a malignancy hallmark. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), calculated from a complete blood count, is a simple and accessible biomarker of inflammation status. NLR has also been proven to be a prognostic factor for various medical conditions, including mortality classification in cardiac patients, infectious diseases, postoperative complications, and inflammatory states. In this narrative review, we aim to assess the prognostic potential of NLR in cancer. We will review recent studies that have evaluated the association between NLR and various malignancies. The results of this review will help to further understand the role of NLR in cancer prognosis and inform future research directions. With the increasing incidence of cancer, it is important to identify reliable and accessible prognostic markers to improve patient outcomes. The study of NLR in cancer may provide valuable insights into the development and progression of cancer and inform clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Heshmat-Ghahdarijani
- Cardiac Rehabilitation, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vida Sarmadi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afshin Heidari
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Sina Neshat
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sina Raeisi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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10
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Wei C. The multifaceted roles of matrix metalloproteinases in lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1195426. [PMID: 37766868 PMCID: PMC10520958 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1195426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Though the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are widely investigated in lung cancer (LC), however, almost no review systematically clarify their multi-faced roles in LC. Methods We investigated the expression of MMPs and their effects on survival of patients with LC, the resistance mechanisms of MMPs in anti-tumor therapy, the regulatory networks of MMPs involved, the function of MMPs inducing CSCLs, MMPs-related tumor immunity, and effects of MMP polymorphisms on risk of LC. Results High expression of MMPs was mainly related to poor survival, high clinical stages and cancer metastasis. Role of MMPs in LC are multi-faced. MMPs are involved in drug resistance, induced CSCLs, participated in tumor immunity. Besides, MMPs polymorphisms may increase risk of LC. Conclusions MMPs might be promising targets to restore the anti-tumor immune response and enhance the killing function of nature immune cells in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wei
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
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11
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Kharouf N, Flanagan TW, Hassan SY, Shalaby H, Khabaz M, Hassan SL, Megahed M, Haikel Y, Santourlidis S, Hassan M. Tumor Microenvironment as a Therapeutic Target in Melanoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3147. [PMID: 37370757 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the tumor microenvironment in tumor growth and therapy has recently attracted more attention in research and drug development. The ability of the microenvironment to trigger tumor maintenance, progression, and resistance is the main cause for treatment failure and tumor relapse. Accumulated evidence indicates that the maintenance and progression of tumor cells is determined by components of the microenvironment, which include stromal cells (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and immune cells), extracellular matrix (ECM), and soluble molecules (chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles). As a solid tumor, melanoma is not only a tumor mass of monolithic tumor cells, but it also contains supporting stroma, ECM, and soluble molecules. Melanoma cells are continuously in interaction with the components of the microenvironment. In the present review, we focus on the role of the tumor microenvironment components in the modulation of tumor progression and treatment resistance as well as the impact of the tumor microenvironment as a therapeutic target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naji Kharouf
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1121, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas W Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sofie-Yasmin Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Hosam Shalaby
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Marla Khabaz
- Department of Production, Beta Factory for Veterinary Pharmaceutical Industries, Damascus 0100, Syria
| | - Sarah-Lilly Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Mosaad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1121, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Epigenetics Core Laboratory, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1121, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory of Surgery-Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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12
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Peng X, Xia Z, Guo Y, Li Y. Immune landscape and prognostic immune-related signature in KRAS-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204770. [PMID: 37279937 PMCID: PMC10292897 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) indicated that target therapies and immunotherapies may not be effective in all patients. The exploration of the feature of the immune landscape of different gene mutations may provide novel perspectives. In this study, we obtained LUAD samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. By applying ESTIMATE and ssGSEA, KRAS-mutated group was discovered to be associated with lower immune infiltration, lower expression of immune checkpoints, especially, a lower abundance of B cell, CD8+ T cell, dendritic cell, natural killer cell, and macrophage, higher abundance of neutrophil and endothelial cell. Through ssGSEA, we found that the process of antigen-presenting cell co-inhibition and co-stimulation were inhibited, cytolytic activity and human leukocyte antigen molecules were downregulated in the KRAS-mutated group. And KRAS mutation is negatively related to antigen presentation and procession, cytotoxic lymphocyte activity, cytolytic activities, and cytokine interaction signaling pathway via gene function enrichment analysis. Finally, 24 immune-related genes were identified to establish an immune-related gene signature with excellent prognostic prediction capacity, whose 1-, 3- and 5-year AUCs were 0.893, 0.986, and 0.999. Our findings elucidate the features of the immune landscape of KRAS-mutated groups and successfully established a prognostic signature on the basis of immune-related genes in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Peng
- Department of Oncology, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhenqi Xia
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yong Guo
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yan Li
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
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13
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Starska-Kowarska K. The Role of Different Immunocompetent Cell Populations in the Pathogenesis of Head and Neck Cancer-Regulatory Mechanisms of Pro- and Anti-Cancer Activity and Their Impact on Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1642. [PMID: 36980527 PMCID: PMC10046400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most aggressive and heterogeneous groups of human neoplasms. HNSCC is characterized by high morbidity, accounting for 3% of all cancers, and high mortality with ~1.5% of all cancer deaths. It was the most common cancer worldwide in 2020, according to the latest GLOBOCAN data, representing the seventh most prevalent human malignancy. Despite great advances in surgical techniques and the application of modern combinations and cytotoxic therapies, HNSCC remains a leading cause of death worldwide with a low overall survival rate not exceeding 40-60% of the patient population. The most common causes of death in patients are its frequent nodal metastases and local neoplastic recurrences, as well as the relatively low response to treatment and severe drug resistance. Much evidence suggests that the tumour microenvironment (TME), tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and circulating various subpopulations of immunocompetent cells, such regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs), cytotoxic CD3+CD8+ T cells (CTLs) and CD3+CD4+ T helper type 1/2/9/17 (Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17) lymphocytes, T follicular helper cells (Tfh) and CD56dim/CD16bright activated natural killer cells (NK), carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated neutrophils (N1/N2 TANs), as well as tumour-associated macrophages (M1/M2 phenotype TAMs) can affect initiation, progression and spread of HNSCC and determine the response to immunotherapy. Rapid advances in the field of immuno-oncology and the constantly growing knowledge of the immunosuppressive mechanisms and effects of tumour cancer have allowed for the use of effective and personalized immunotherapy as a first-line therapeutic procedure or an essential component of a combination therapy for primary, relapsed and metastatic HNSCC. This review presents the latest reports and molecular studies regarding the anti-tumour role of selected subpopulations of immunocompetent cells in the pathogenesis of HNSCC, including HPV+ve (HPV+) and HPV-ve (HPV-) tumours. The article focuses on the crucial regulatory mechanisms of pro- and anti-tumour activity, key genetic or epigenetic changes that favour tumour immune escape, and the strategies that the tumour employs to avoid recognition by immunocompetent cells, as well as resistance mechanisms to T and NK cell-based immunotherapy in HNSCC. The present review also provides an overview of the pre- and clinical early trials (I/II phase) and phase-III clinical trials published in this arena, which highlight the unprecedented effectiveness and limitations of immunotherapy in HNSCC, and the emerging issues facing the field of HNSCC immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Starska-Kowarska
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; ; Tel.: +48-604-541-412
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EnelMed Center Expert, Drewnowska 58, 91-001 Lodz, Poland
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14
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ZENG W, SONG Y, WANG R, HE R, WANG T. Neutrophil elastase: From mechanisms to therapeutic potential. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:355-366. [PMID: 37181292 PMCID: PMC10173178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE), a major protease in the primary granules of neutrophils, is involved in microbicidal activity. NE is an important factor promoting inflammation, has bactericidal effects, and shortens the inflammatory process. NE also regulates tumor growth by promoting metastasis and tumor microenvironment remodeling. However, NE plays a role in killing tumors under certain conditions and promotes other diseases such as pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Additionally, it plays a complex role in various physiological processes and mediates several diseases. Sivelestat, a specific NE inhibitor, has strong potential for clinical application, particularly in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review discusses the pathophysiological processes associated with NE and the potential clinical applications of sivelestat.
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15
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Mohiyuddin AS. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in Predicting Lymph Node Metastases in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2023; 15:e33495. [PMID: 36756017 PMCID: PMC9902810 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral cancer is a common malignancy worldwide, with approximately 3,50,000 new cases diagnosed yearly. Out of many factors which affect the survival in patients with oral cancer, lymph node metastases are a major factor that reduces survival by 50%. Even though many biomarkers have been studied to predict lymph node metastasis, none have yet been accepted for routine use. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a vital role in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, thus facilitating the invasive potential and the metastatic cascade of tumors. Of the different subtypes, multiple studies have demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) overexpression is often associated with the aggressive nature of the tumor. Therefore, this investigation is done to know the role of MMP9 in predicting lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Aim To determine the immunohistochemical expression of MMP9 in OSCC and to find its association with lymph node metastasis. Settings and design It is a laboratory-based observational study. Materials and methods One hundred five histologically proven cases of OSCC were studied. Histopathological parameters like depth of invasion, presence of lymph node metastasis, grading, and TNM staging were done according to the 8th AJCC staging criteria. Both intensity and proportion of MMP9 expression were recorded. Statistical analysis For qualitative data, the Chi-square test was used as a test of significance. The p-value (probability that the result is true) of <0.05 was considered statistically significant after assuming all the rules of statistical tests. Results A higher expression of MMP9 was observed in 56.2% of cases and the higher expression correlated with the presence of lymph node metastases (p<0.001), an advanced stage of cancer (P <0.001), and grade of the tumor (p=0.003). Conclusion A positive association between MMP9 and lymph node metastasis and pathological TNM staging demonstrates MMP9 as a potential biomarker to predict the behavior of the tumor.
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16
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Feng H, Yousuf S, Liu T, Zhang X, Huang W, Li A, Xie L, Miao X. The comprehensive detection of miRNA and circRNA in the regulation of intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissue of Laiwu pig. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16542. [PMID: 36192451 PMCID: PMC9530237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractcircRNAs, as miRNA sponges, participate in many important biological processes. However, it remains unclear whether circRNAs can regulate lipid metabolism. This study aimed to explore the competing endogenouse RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network that affects the difference between intramuscular fat (IMF) and subcutaneous fat (SCF) deposition, and to screen key circRNAs and their regulatory genes. In this experiment, we identified 265 differentially expressed circRNAs, of which 187 up-regulated circRNA and 78 down-regulated circRNA in IMF. Subsequently, we annotated the function of DEcircRNA's host genes, and found that DEcircRNA's host genes were mainly involved in GO terms (including cellular response to fatty acids, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity, R-SMAD binding, etc.) and signaling pathways (fatty acid biosynthesis, Citrate cycle, TGF- β Signal pathway) related to adipogenesis, differentiation and lipid metabolism. By constructing a circRNA-miRNA network, we screened out DEcircRNA that can competitively bind to more miRNAs as key circRNAs (circRNA_06424 and circRNA_08840). Through the functional annotation of indirect target genes and protein network analysis, we found that circRNA_06424 affects the expression of PPARD, MMP9, UBA7 and other indirect target genes by competitively binding to miRNAs such as ssc-miR-339-5p, ssc-miR-744 and ssc-miR-328, and participates in PPAR signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, unsaturated fatty acid and other signaling pathways, resulting in the difference of fat deposition between IMF and SCF. This study provide a theoretical basis for further research investigating the differences of lipid metabolism in different adipose tissues, providing potential therapeutic targets for ectopic fat deposition and lipid metabolism diseases.
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17
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Hebeda CB, Savioli AC, Scharf P, de Paula-Silva M, Gil CD, Farsky SHP, Sandri S. Neutrophil depletion in the pre-implantation phase impairs pregnancy index, placenta and fetus development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:969336. [PMID: 36248911 PMCID: PMC9558710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.969336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal neutrophils cells are players in gestational tolerance and fetus delivery. Nonetheless, their actions in each phase of the pregnancy are unknown. We here investigated the role of maternal neutrophil depletion before the blastocyst implantation phase and outcomes in the pregnancy index, placenta, and fetus development. Neutrophils were pharmacologically depleted by i.p. injection of anti-Gr1 (anti-neutrophils; 200 µg) 24 hours after plug visualization in allogeneic-mated C57BL/6/BALB/c mice. Depletion of peripheral neutrophils lasted until 48 hours after anti-Gr1 injection (gestational day 1.5-3.5). On gestational day 5.5, neutrophil depletion impaired the blastocyst implantation, as 50% of pregnant mice presented reduced implantation sites. On gestational day 18.5, neutrophil depletion reduced the pregnancy rate and index, altered the placenta disposition in the uterine horns, and modified the structure of the placenta, detected by reduced junctional zone, associated with decreased numbers of giant trophoblast cells, spongiotrophoblast. Reduced number of placenta cells labeled for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), important markers of angiogenesis and adhesiveness, were detected in neutrophil depleted mice. Furthermore, neutrophil depletion promoted a higher frequency of monocytes, natural killers, and T regulatory cells, and lower frequency of cytotoxic T cells in the blood, and abnormal development of offspring. Associated data obtained herein highlight the pivotal role of neutrophils actions in the early stages of pregnancy, and address further investigations on the imbricating signaling evoked by neutrophils in the trophoblastic interaction with uterine epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bichels Hebeda
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Médicas, Fundação Universidade para o Desenvolvimento do Alto Vale do Itajaí – UNIDAVI, Rio do Sul, SC, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Savioli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Scharf
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina de Paula-Silva
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiane Damas Gil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Poliselli Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Sandri
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Silvana Sandri,
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18
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Kim GT, Kim EY, Shin SH, Lee H, Lee SH, Sohn KY, Kim JW. Improving anticancer effect of aPD-L1 through lowering neutrophil infiltration by PLAG in tumor implanted with MB49 mouse urothelial carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:727. [PMID: 35787261 PMCID: PMC9251917 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PD-L1 antibody is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) attracting attention. The third-generation anticancer drug has been proven to be very effective due to fewer side effects and higher tumor-specific reactions than conventional anticancer drugs. However, as tumors produce additional resistance in the host immune system, the effectiveness of ICI is gradually weakening. Therefore, it is very important to develop a combination therapy that increases the anticancer effect of ICI by removing anticancer resistance factors present around the tumor. METHODS The syngeneic model was used (n = 6) to investigate the enhanced anti-tumor effect of PD-L1 antibody with the addition of PLAG. MB49 murine urothelial cancer cells were implanted into the C57BL/6 mice subcutaneously. PLAG at different dosages (50/100 mpk) was daily administered orally for another 4 weeks with or without 5 mpk PD-L1 antibody (10F.9G2). PD-L1 antibody was delivered via IP injection once a week. RESULTS The aPD-L1 monotherapy group inhibited tumor growth of 56% compared to the positive group, while the PLAG and aPD-L1 co-treatment inhibited by 89%. PLAG treatment effectively reduced neutrophils infiltrating localized in tumor and converted to a tumor microenvironment with anti-tumor effective T-cells. PLAG increased tumor infiltration of CD8 positive cytotoxic T-cell populations while effectively inhibiting the infiltration of neoplastic T-cells such as CD4/FoxP3. Eventually, neutrophil-induced tumor ICI resistance was resolved by restoring the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio to the normal range. In addition, regulation of cytokine and chemokine factors that inhibit neutrophil infiltration and increase the killing activity of cytotoxic T cells was observed in the tumors of mice treated with PLAG + aPD-L1. CONCLUSIONS PLAG effectively turned the tumor-promoting microenvironment into a tumor-suppressing microenvironment. As a molecule that increases the anti-tumor effectiveness of aPD-L1, PLAG has the potential to be an essential and effective ICI co-therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guen Tae Kim
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Shin
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Sohn
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Kwahak-ro, Daejeon, South Korea
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19
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Zheng S, Liu B, Guan X. The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Invasion and Metastasis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:911285. [PMID: 35814365 PMCID: PMC9257257 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.911285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with a high rate of morbidity. The invasion and metastasis of ESCC is the main reason for high mortality. More and more evidence suggests that metastasized cancer cells require cellular elements that contribute to ESCC tumor microenvironment (TME) formation. TME contains many immune cells and stromal components, which are critical to epithelial–mesenchymal transition, immune escape, angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis, metastasis niche formation, and invasion/metastasis. In this review, we will focus on the mechanism of different microenvironment cellular elements in ESCC invasion and metastasis and discuss recent therapeutic attempts to restore the tumor-suppressing function of cells within the TME. It will represent the whole picture of TME in the metastasis and invasion process of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Zheng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Beilei Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinyuan Guan,
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20
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Lipid metabolism and neutrophil function. Cell Immunol 2022; 377:104546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Li H, Hu Y, Liu D, Wang J, Han P, Zhang N, Li Y. Bioinformatic Characterization of Whole Blood Neutrophils in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Potential Prognostic Indicator for Transumbilical Single-Port Laparoscopic Pelvic Abscess Surgery. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2555603. [PMID: 35401780 PMCID: PMC8993565 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2555603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to determine the prognosis of patients treated with transumbilical single-port laparoscopic surgery for acute pelvic inflammatory illness. Postoperative data on 129 patients treated with laparoscopic surgery for acute pelvic inflammatory illness were obtained retrospectively. It was observed that the shorter the time required for postoperative leukocyte recovery to normal, the shorter the time required for postoperative pain and diet recovery, as well as hospital stay, in such individuals. CIBERSORT was used to examine patient data from GEO. The most significant difference between the normal and pelvic inflammatory groups was in neutrophil content. Association study found a substantial positive correlation between the quantity of neutrophils infiltrating the immune system and the abundance of monocyte M0 infiltrating the immune system. Neutrophil immune infiltration was strongly inversely linked with plasma cells, activated CD8+ Tm cells, and active CD4+ Tm cells. Four mRNAs linked with pelvic inflammatory illness were revealed to be strongly associated with neutrophil immune infiltration, notably CALML4, COQ10B, DCPS, and PPP2R1A. The ROC revealed that CALML4 (area under the curve (AUC): 0.769, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.638-0.881), COQ10B (AUC: 0.742, 95% CI: 0.587-0.881), PPP2R1A (AUC: 0.733 95% CI: 0.593-0.857), and DCPS (AUC: 0.745, 95% CI: 0.571-0.900) were potential markers for predicting pelvic inflammatory disease. CALML4, COQ10B, PPP2R1A, and DCPS may be critical determinants determining the amount of preoperative neutrophil infiltration and the time required for leukocyte recovery after single-port laparoscopy in acute pelvic inflammatory illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Li
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, China
| | | | - Dan Liu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, China
| | | | | | | | - Yan Li
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, China
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22
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Li M, Zhong X, Du F, Wu X, Li M, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Shen J, Yang Z, Xiao Z. Current Understanding and Future Perspectives on Hyperprogressive Disease Highlight the Tumor Microenvironment. J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 62:1059-1078. [PMID: 35303368 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized traditional cancer therapy. Although many patients have achieved long-term survival benefits from immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment, there are still some patients who develop rapid tumor progression after immunotherapy, known as hyperprogressive disease. Here we summarize current knowledge on hyperprogressive disease after immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment to promote more thorough understanding of the disease. This review focuses on multiple aspects of hyperprogressive disease, especially the tumor microenvironment, with the hope that more reliable biomarkers and therapeutics could be established for hyperprogressive disease in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xianmei Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongming Yang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
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Chen F, Chen D, Jin L, Xu C, Zhao W, Hu W. Prognostic Significance of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio in Luminal Breast Cancers With HER2-Negativity. Front Oncol 2022; 12:845935. [PMID: 35317078 PMCID: PMC8934412 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.845935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was determined to evaluate the prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) prior to surgery in luminal breast cancers (BC) with HER2-negativity. Methods The clinical data of 708 HER2-negative luminal BC patients from January 2013 to December 2016 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The optimal cut-off value of NLR and CAR were determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan−Meier method. Cox univariate and multivariate proportional hazards regression models were performed to identify significant predictors of DFS and CSS simultaneously. Results The mean age of the patients diagnosed was 52.43 years (range, 15–95 years), and the median follow-up was 62.71 months (range, 12-92 months). Univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed that NLR ≥2.2 was significantly associated with worse DFS (HR=2.886, 95%CI=1.756-4.745, p<0.001), and same results were obtained in terms of CSS (HR=3.999, 95%CI=2.002-7.987, p<0.001). Similarly, CAR ≥0.07 was independently and significantly associated with poor DFS (HR=3.858, 95%CI=2.346-6.345, p<0.001) and CSS (HR=6.563, 95%CI=3.558-12.106, p<0.001). Conclusion Preoperative evaluation of NLR and CAR were significant and independent prognostic indicators for luminal breast cancers with HER2-negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenhe Zhao
- *Correspondence: Wenhe Zhao, ; Wenxian Hu,
| | - Wenxian Hu
- *Correspondence: Wenhe Zhao, ; Wenxian Hu,
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24
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Codrici E, Popescu ID, Tanase C, Enciu AM. Friends with Benefits: Chemokines, Glioblastoma-Associated Microglia/Macrophages, and Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052509. [PMID: 35269652 PMCID: PMC8910233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor and has the greatest prevalence of all brain tumors. Treatment resistance and tumor recurrence in GBM are mostly explained by considerable alterations within the tumor microenvironment, as well as extraordinary cellular and molecular heterogeneity. Soluble factors, extracellular matrix components, tissue-resident cell types, resident or newly recruited immune cells together make up the GBM microenvironment. Regardless of many immune cells, a profound state of tumor immunosuppression is supported and developed, posing a considerable hurdle to cancer cells' immune-mediated destruction. Several studies have suggested that various GBM subtypes present different modifications in their microenvironment, although the importance of the microenvironment in treatment response has yet to be determined. Understanding the microenvironment and how it changes after therapies is critical because it can influence the remaining invasive GSCs and lead to recurrence. This review article sheds light on the various components of the GBM microenvironment and their roles in tumoral development, as well as immune-related biological processes that support the interconnection/interrelationship between different cell types. Also, we summarize the current understanding of the modulation of soluble factors and highlight the dysregulated inflammatory chemokine/specific receptors cascades/networks and their significance in tumorigenesis, cancer-related inflammation, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Codrici
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (I.-D.P.); (A.-M.E.)
| | - Ionela-Daniela Popescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (I.-D.P.); (A.-M.E.)
| | - Cristiana Tanase
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (I.-D.P.); (A.-M.E.)
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25
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Role of Exosomes in Immune Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2521025. [PMID: 35126514 PMCID: PMC8816547 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2521025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Since most patients with HCC are diagnosed at the intermediate or advanced stage and because HCC has a high incidence of metastasis and recurrence, it is one of the leading causes of cancer death. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles and are typically 30–150 nm in diameter. Originating from endosomes, they can be secreted by almost all living cells. They are widely present in various body fluids and serve as an important medium for the interactions between cells. A series of studies have revealed that exosomes-mediated intercellular transfer of proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of HCC, hypoxia and angiogenesis, chemotherapy sensitivity, and cell death mode and regulates the immune microenvironment. In this paper, we reviewed the recent researches on the multiple roles of tumor-associated exosomes in the progression of HCC. We laid particular focus on those researches that reveal how exosomes regulate the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and how exosomal cargos affect the progression of HCC. Besides, we emphasize some prospective directions to achieve a more accurate and complete analysis of the HCC immune microenvironment.
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Khan H, Alam W, Alsharif KF, Aschner M, Pervez S, Saso L. Alkaloids and Colon Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications for Cell Cycle Arrest. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030920. [PMID: 35164185 PMCID: PMC8838632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second most fatal disease worldwide, with colon cancer being the third most prevalent and fatal form of cancer in several Western countries. The risk of acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy remains a significant hurdle in the management of various types of cancer, especially colon cancer. Therefore, it is essential to develop alternative treatment modalities. Naturally occurring alkaloids have been shown to regulate various mechanistic pathways linked to cell proliferation, cell cycle, and metastasis. This review aims to shed light on the potential of alkaloids as anti-colon-cancer chemotherapy agents that can modulate or arrest the cell cycle. Preclinical investigated alkaloids have shown anti-colon cancer activities and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest at different stages, suggesting that alkaloids may have the potential to act as anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099,Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Samreen Pervez
- Department of Pharmacy, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar 29050, Pakistan;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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27
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CXCL1: Gene, Promoter, Regulation of Expression, mRNA Stability, Regulation of Activity in the Intercellular Space. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020792. [PMID: 35054978 PMCID: PMC8776070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL1 is one of the most important chemokines, part of a group of chemotactic cytokines involved in the development of many inflammatory diseases. It activates CXCR2 and, at high levels, CXCR1. The expression of CXCL1 is elevated in inflammatory reactions and also has important functions in physiology, including the induction of angiogenesis and recruitment of neutrophils. Due to a lack of reviews that precisely describe the regulation of CXCL1 expression and function, in this paper, we present the mechanisms of CXCL1 expression regulation with a special focus on cancer. We concentrate on the regulation of CXCL1 expression through the regulation of CXCL1 transcription and mRNA stability, including the involvement of NF-κB, p53, the effect of miRNAs and cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-17, TGF-β and TNF-α. We also describe the mechanisms regulating CXCL1 activity in the extracellular space, including proteolytic processing, CXCL1 dimerization and the influence of the ACKR1/DARC receptor on CXCL1 localization. Finally, we explain the role of CXCL1 in cancer and possible therapeutic approaches directed against this chemokine.
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Kim HJ, Lee KH, Shim HJ, Hwang EC, Choi YD, Bang H, Cho SH, Chung IJ, Hwang JE, Lee MA, Bae WK. Prognostic Significance of the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio in Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Chonnam Med J 2022; 58:29-36. [PMID: 35169557 PMCID: PMC8813653 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2022.58.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare and aggressive cancer. Although several biological and histological markers have been suggested as prognostic factors for this cancer, the prognostic importance of systemic inflammatory markers, including the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio, is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between systemic inflammatory markers and the prognosis of extra-pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 85 patients with unresectable or metastatic extra-pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma who received platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line chemotherapy from August 2007 to November 2019. We used time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine the cut-off values. The cut-off values for the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio were 3.0 and 158.5, respectively. There was no significant difference in the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, Ki-67 index, or response to chemotherapy between groups. The high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio group showed significantly worse overall survival (high vs. low, median 11.1 vs. 21.0 months, log-rank p=0.004) and shorter median progression-free survival, but the latter was not statistically significant. The high platelet-lymphocyte ratio group also showed significantly worse progression-free survival and overall survival than the low platelet-lymphocyte ratio group (high vs. low: median 5.6 vs. 9.8 months, log-rank p=0.047 and median 13.8 vs. 21.0 months, log-rank p=0.013, respectively). In multivariable analysis, a high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is a potent and readily available prognostic factor for extra-pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jong Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Kang Han Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Shim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Eu Chang Hwang
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Yoo-Duk Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Bang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Sang Hee Cho
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Ik-Joo Chung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jun Eul Hwang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Myung Ah Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Kyun Bae
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
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The Immune Landscape of Breast Cancer: Strategies for Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236012. [PMID: 34885122 PMCID: PMC8657247 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing field in breast cancer treatment, however, it encounters many obstacles that leave open gateways for breast cancer cells to resist novel immunotherapies. It is believed that the tumor microenvironment consisting of cancer, stromal, and immune cells as well as a plethora of tumor-promoting soluble factors, is responsible for the failure of therapeutic strategies in cancer, including breast tumors. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of key barriers to effective immunotherapy, focusing the research efforts on harnessing the power of the immune system, and thus, developing new strategies to overcome the resistance may contribute significantly to increase breast cancer patient survival. In this review, we discuss the latest reports regarding the strategies rendering the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment more sensitive to immunotherapy in breast cancers, HER2-positive and triple-negative types of breast cancer, which are attractive from an immunotherapeutic point of view. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) has traditionally been considered to be not inherently immunogenic and insufficiently represented by immune cell infiltrates. Therefore, for a long time, it was thought that the immunotherapies targeting this type of cancer and its microenvironment were not justified and would not bring benefits for breast cancer patients. Nevertheless, to date, a considerable number of reports have indicated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as a prognostic and clinically relevant biomarker in breast cancer. A high TILs expression has been demonstrated in primary tumors, of both, HER2-positive BC and triple-negative (TNBC), of patients before treatment, as well as after treatment with adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Another milestone was reached in advanced TNBC immunotherapy with the help of the immune checkpoint inhibitors directed against the PD-L1 molecule. Although those findings, together with the recent developments in chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, show immense promise for significant advancements in breast cancer treatments, there are still various obstacles to the optimal activity of immunotherapeutics in BC treatment. Of these, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment constitutes a key barrier that greatly hinders the success of immunotherapies in the most aggressive types of breast cancer, HER2-positive and TNBC. Therefore, the improvement of the current and the demand for the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies is strongly warranted.
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Subhan MA, Torchilin VP. Neutrophils as an emerging therapeutic target and tool for cancer therapy. Life Sci 2021; 285:119952. [PMID: 34520766 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Activation of neutrophils is necessary for the protection of the host against microbial infection. This property can be used as mode of therapy for cancer treatment. Neutrophils have conflicting dual functions in cancer as either a tumor promoter or inhibitor. Neutrophil-based drug delivery has achieved increased attention in pre-clinical models. This review addresses in detail the different neutrophil constituents, the conflicting function of neutrophils and activation of the neutrophil as an important target of therapy for cancer treatment, and use of neutrophils or neutrophil membrane-derived vesicles as vehicles for drug delivery and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, ShahJalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh..
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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Recapitulating the Angiogenic Switch in a Hydrogel-Based 3D In Vitro Tumor-Stroma Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110186. [PMID: 34821752 PMCID: PMC8614676 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure nutrient and oxygen supply, tumors beyond a size of 1–2 mm3 need a connection to the vascular system. Thus, tumor cells modify physiological tissue homeostasis by secreting inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines. This leads to the activation of the tumor microenvironment and the turning of the angiogenic switch, resulting in tumor vascularization and growth. To inhibit tumor growth by developing efficient anti-angiogenic therapies, an in depth understanding of the molecular mechanism initiating angiogenesis is essential. Yet so far, predominantly 2D cell cultures or animal models have been used to clarify the interactions within the tumor stroma, resulting in poor transferability of the data obtained to the in vivo situation. Consequently, there is an abundant need for complex, humanized, 3D models in vitro. We established a dextran-hydrogel-based 3D organotypic in vitro model containing microtumor spheroids, macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, allowing for the analysis of tumor–stroma interactions in a controlled and modifiable environment. During the cultivation period of 21 days, the microtumor spheroids in the model grew in size and endothelial cells formed elongated tubular structures resembling capillary vessels, that appeared to extend towards the tumor spheroids. The tubular structures exhibited complex bifurcations and expanded without adding external angiogenic factors such as VEGF to the culture. To allow high-throughput screening of therapeutic candidates, the 3D cell culture model was successfully miniaturized to a 96-well format, while still maintaining the same level of tumor spheroid growth and vascular sprouting. The quantification of VEGF in the conditioned medium of these cultures showed a continuous increase during the cultivation period, suggesting the contribution of endogenous VEGF to the induction of the angiogenic switch and vascular sprouting. Thus, this model is highly suitable as a testing platform for novel anticancer therapeutics targeting the tumor as well as the vascular compartment.
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Chowdhury P, Ghosh U, Samanta K, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. Bioactive nanotherapeutic trends to combat triple negative breast cancer. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3269-3287. [PMID: 33778204 PMCID: PMC7970221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of aggressive breast cancer, particularly, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a formidable challenge, despite treatment advancement. Although newer therapies such as atezolizumab, olaparib, and sacituzumab can tackle the breast cancer prognosis and/or progression, but achieved limited survival benefit(s). The current research efforts are aimed to develop and implement strategies for improved bioavailability, targetability, reduce systemic toxicity, and enhance therapeutic outcome of FDA-approved treatment regimen. This review presents various nanoparticle technology mediated delivery of chemotherapeutic agent(s) for breast cancer treatment. This article also documents novel strategies to employ cellular and cell membrane cloaked (biomimetic) nanoparticles for effective clinical translation. These technologies offer a safe and active targeting nanomedicine for effective management of breast cancer, especially TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Upasana Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Kamalika Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
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Rubenich DS, de Souza PO, Omizzollo N, Lenz GS, Sevigny J, Braganhol E. Neutrophils: fast and furious-the nucleotide pathway. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:371-383. [PMID: 33913070 PMCID: PMC8410927 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide signaling is a key element of the neutrophil activation pathway. Neutrophil recruitment and migration to injured tissues is guided by purinergic receptor sensitization, mostly induced by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its hydrolysis product, adenosine (ADO), which is primarily produced by the CD39-CD73 axis located at the neutrophil cell surface. In inflammation unrelated to cancer, neutrophil activation via purinergic signaling aims to eliminate antigens and promote an immune response with minimal damage to healthy tissues; however, an antagonistic response may be expected in tumors. Indeed, alterations in purinergic signaling favor the accumulation of extracellular ATP and ADO in the microenvironment of solid tumors, which promote tumor progression by inducing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and escape from immune surveillance. Since neutrophils and their N1/N2 polarization spectrum are being considered new components of cancer-related inflammation, the participation of purinergic signaling in pro-tumor activities of neutrophils should also be considered. However, there is a lack of studies investigating purinergic signaling in human neutrophil polarization and in tumor-associated neutrophils. In this review, we discussed the human neutrophil response elicited by nucleotides in inflammation and extrapolated its behavior in the context of cancer. Understanding these mechanisms in cancerous conditions may help to identify new biological targets and therapeutic strategies, particularly regarding tumors that are refractory to traditional chemo- and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique S Rubenich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite St, 245 - Main Building - Room 304, Porto Alegre, RS, 90.050-170, Brazil
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária do Instituto de Cardiologia (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila O de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite St, 245 - Main Building - Room 304, Porto Alegre, RS, 90.050-170, Brazil
| | - Natalia Omizzollo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite St, 245 - Main Building - Room 304, Porto Alegre, RS, 90.050-170, Brazil
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária do Instituto de Cardiologia (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S Lenz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite St, 245 - Main Building - Room 304, Porto Alegre, RS, 90.050-170, Brazil
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária do Instituto de Cardiologia (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Sevigny
- Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherchedu CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite St, 245 - Main Building - Room 304, Porto Alegre, RS, 90.050-170, Brazil.
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária do Instituto de Cardiologia (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Basheer AS, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Role of Inflammatory Mediators, Macrophages, and Neutrophils in Glioma Maintenance and Progression: Mechanistic Understanding and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4226. [PMID: 34439380 PMCID: PMC8393628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common, highly malignant, and deadliest forms of brain tumors. These intra-cranial solid tumors are comprised of both cancerous and non-cancerous cells, which contribute to tumor development, progression, and resistance to the therapeutic regimen. A variety of soluble inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines, chemokines, and chemotactic factors) are secreted by these cells, which help in creating an inflammatory microenvironment and contribute to the various stages of cancer development, maintenance, and progression. The major tumor infiltrating immune cells of the tumor microenvironment include TAMs and TANs, which are either recruited peripherally or present as brain-resident macrophages (microglia) and support stroma for cancer cell expansion and invasion. These cells are highly plastic in nature and can be polarized into different phenotypes depending upon different types of stimuli. During neuroinflammation, glioma cells interact with TAMs and TANs, facilitating tumor cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Targeting inflammatory mediators along with the reprogramming of TAMs and TANs could be of great importance in glioma treatment and may delay disease progression. In addition, an inhibition of the key signaling pathways such as NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and TLRs, which are activated during neuroinflammation and have an oncogenic role in glioblastoma (GBM), can exert more pronounced anti-glioma effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Samad Basheer
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 434000, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.S.B.); (I.O.)
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Veluvolu S, Pellin M, Vos N. Evaluation of neutrophilia as a prognostic factor in dogs with multicentric lymphoma treated with a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone-based chemotherapy protocol. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:494-502. [PMID: 34388019 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.5.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether, in dogs with naïve multicentric lymphoma, neutrophilia at the time of initial diagnosis was associated with progression-free survival time (PFST) or overall response rate (ie, percentage of dogs with a complete or partial remission) and whether the initial neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was associated with PFST. ANIMALS 30 dogs with multicentric lymphoma and neutrophilia (including 16 treated with a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone [CHOP]-based protocol) and 37 historical control dogs without neutrophilia treated with a CHOP-based protocol. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed, and PFSTs and responses were documented. RESULTS Median PFST for the 16 dogs with neutrophilia treated with a CHOP-based protocol (70 days; range, 0 to 296 days) was significantly shorter than that for the 37 control dogs without neutrophilia (184.5 days; range, 23 to 503 days), and the overall response rate for dogs with neutrophilia (12/16 [75%]) was significantly lower than the rate for dogs without neutrophilia (36/37 [97%]). However, when all dogs in the study and control populations were considered together, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at the time of diagnosis was not significantly associated with PFST. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that neutrophilia at the time of initial diagnosis may suggest a poorer prognosis in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Prospective investigation into the role of neutrophils in the peripheral circulation and tumor microenvironment of cancer-bearing patients is warranted.
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Morimoto-Kamata R, Tsuji D, Yui S. Cathepsin G-Induced Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Elevation in MCF-7 Medium Is Caused by Proteolysis of IGF Binding Protein (IGFBP)-2 but Not of IGF-1. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1678-1686. [PMID: 33132312 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin G (CG), a neutrophil serine protease, induces cell migration and multicellular aggregation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. It has been suggested that tumor cell aggregates are associated with tumor embolism, thus CG-induced cell aggregation may promote tumor metastasis. We have revealed that cell aggregation is caused by elevated free insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in the medium, followed by activation of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). However, the molecular mechanism underlying IGF-1 elevation induced by CG remains unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism by examining the degradative effects of CG on IGF-1, and the IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), which interfere with the binding of IGF-1 to its receptor. CG specifically evoked MCF-7 cell aggregation at less than 1 nM in a dose-dependent manner, however, neutrophil elastase (NE), chymotrypsin, and trypsin did not. Free IGF-1 concentration was continuously elevated in the medium of cells treated with CG, whereas treatments with other serine proteases resulted in only a transient or slight increase. IGFBP-2, the predominant IGFBP in MCF-7 cells, was gradually digested by CG. CG did not cleave IGF-1 for at least 48 h, whereas other proteases completely digested it. Moreover, CG induced continuous phosphorylation of IGF-1R and Akt, whereas NE-induced phosphorylation was transient, possibly due to insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 digestion. These results indicated that CG-specific IGF-1 elevation in the medium is caused by digestion of IGFBP-2, not IGF-1. Hence, this study clarifies the molecular mechanism of CG-specific cell aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daiki Tsuji
- Laboratory of Host Defense, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
| | - Satoru Yui
- Laboratory of Host Defense, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
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Ma L, Xiu G, Muscat J, Sinha R, Sun D, Xiu G. Comparative proteomic analysis of exhaled breath condensate between lung adenocarcinoma and CT-detected benign pulmonary nodule patients. Cancer Biomark 2021; 34:163-174. [PMID: 34334381 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a non-invasive method that may have enormous potential as a biomarker for the early detection of lung cancer. OBJECTIVE To investigate the proteomic differences of EBC between lung cancer and CT-detected benign nodule patients, and determine whether these proteins could be potential biomarkers. METHODS Proteomic analysis was performed on individual samples from 10 lung cancer patients and 10 CT-detected benign nodule patients using data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 1,254 proteins were identified, and 21 proteins were differentially expressed in the lung adenocarcinoma group compared to the benign nodule group (p< 0.05). The GO analysis showed that most of these proteins were involved in neutrophil-related biological processes, and the KEGG analysis showed these proteins were mostly annotated to pyruvate and propanoate metabolism. Through protein-protein interactions (PPIs) analysis, ME1 and LDHB contributed most to the interaction-network of these proteins. CONCLUSION Significantly differentially expressed proteins were detected between lung cancer and the CT-detected benign nodule group from EBC samples, and these proteins might serve as potential novel biomarkers of EBC for early lung cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, PA, USA
| | | | - Joshua Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, PA, USA
| | - Raghu Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey Medical Center, PA, USA
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - Guangli Xiu
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Wu M, Yang S, Feng X, Li C, Liu X, Zhang Z, Xiao Y, Liu C, Dong J. Combining Preoperative and Postoperative Inflammatory Indicators Can Better Predict the Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Partial Hepatectomy. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3231-3245. [PMID: 34285546 PMCID: PMC8286132 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s316177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have shown that various preoperative inflammatory indicators can predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the role of postoperative inflammatory indicators remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of postoperative inflammatory indicators and whether combining preoperative and postoperative inflammatory indicators can improve the predictive performance of the prognostic model. Patients and Methods Eighty-eight patients with primary HCC were included in this study. A preoperative model, postoperative model, and combined model that integrated preoperative and postoperative inflammatory indicators were established. The prognostic value of the models was evaluated by the area under the curve of time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves (td-AUC). Results Multivariate analysis of preoperative and postoperative inflammatory indicators and clinicopathological indicators found that tumor number, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, and the preoperative platelet-lymphocyte ratio (prePLR), preoperative prognostic nutritional index (prePNI), and postoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (postNLR) were independent prognostic factors for the disease-free survival. The prognostic efficacy of the postNLR at 2 years and 3 years was better than that of tumor number, AFP level, and the prePLR, and prePNI. The combined model had higher td-AUC values than the preoperative model, postoperative model, American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition stage, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage at 2 years (0.814 vs 0.754, 0.765, 0.513 and 0.527, respectively), and 3 years (0.786 vs 0.749, 0.753, 0.509 and 0.529, respectively). The predictive performance of the combined model was better than that of the preoperative model, postoperative model, and traditional clinical stage. Conclusion Postoperative inflammatory indicators were valuable prognostic indicators. The combination of preoperative and postoperative inflammatory indicators improved the predictive performance of the prognostic model. We should pay more attention to postoperative inflammatory indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilong Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.,Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhong Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.,Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Feng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.,Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengquan Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.,Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangchen Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.,Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.,Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.,Department of pathology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuchu Liu
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.,Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, People's Republic of China
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Sznurkowska MK, Aceto N. The gate to metastasis: key players in cancer cell intravasation. FEBS J 2021; 289:4336-4354. [PMID: 34077633 PMCID: PMC9546053 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a leading cause of cancer‐related death and consists of a sequence of events including tumor expansion, intravasation of cancer cells into the circulation, survival in the bloodstream, extravasation at distant sites, and subsequent organ colonization. Particularly, intravasation is a process whereby cancer cells transverse the endothelium and leave the primary tumor site, pioneering the metastatic cascade. The identification of those mechanisms that trigger the entry of cancer cells into the bloodstream may reveal fundamentally novel ways to block metastasis at its start. Multiple factors have been implicated in cancer progression, yet, signals that unequivocally provoke the detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor are still under investigation. Here, we discuss the role of intrinsic properties of cancer cells, tumor microenvironment, and mechanical cues in the intravasation process, outlining studies that suggest the involvement of various factors and highlighting current understanding and open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K Sznurkowska
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland
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40
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Gao J, Li S, Xu Q, Zhang X, Huang M, Dai X, Liu L. Exosomes Promote Pre-Metastatic Niche Formation in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:652378. [PMID: 34109113 PMCID: PMC8180914 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.652378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has a high rate of metastasis, during which pre-metastatic niches (PMN) provide a supportive environment for the upcoming tumor cells. Exosomes are bilayer vesicles secreted by cells containing biological information that mediates communication between cells. Using exosomes, gastric cancer cells establish PMN remotely in multifarious perspectives, including immunosuppression, stroma remodeling, angiogenesis, mesothelial mesenchymal transformation, and organotropism. In turn, the cell components in PMN secrete exosomes that interact with each other and provide onco-promoting signals. In this review, we highlight the role of exosomes in PMN formation in gastric cancer and discuss their potential values in gastric cancer metastasis diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Miao Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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41
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Cui K, Hu S, Mei X, Cheng M. Innate Immune Cells in the Esophageal Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654731. [PMID: 33995371 PMCID: PMC8113860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common mucosa-associated tumors, and is characterized by aggressiveness, poor prognosis, and unfavorable patient survival rates. As an organ directly exposed to the risk of foodborne infection, the esophageal mucosa harbors distinct populations of innate immune cells, which play vital roles in both maintenance of esophageal homeostasis and immune defense and surveillance during mucosal anti-infection and anti-tumor responses. In this review, we highlight recent progress in research into innate immune cells in the microenvironment of EC, including lymphatic lineages, such as natural killer and γδT cells, and myeloid lineages, including macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, mast cells and eosinophils. Further, putative innate immune cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in tumor occurrence and progression are discussed, to highlight potential directions for the development of new biomarkers and effective intervention targets, which can hopefully be applied in long-term multilevel clinical EC treatment. Fully understanding the innate immunological mechanisms involved in esophageal mucosa carcinogenesis is of great significance for clinical immunotherapy and prognosis prediction for patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kele Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China
- Cancer Immunotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shouxin Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China
- Cancer Immunotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyu Mei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China
- Cancer Immunotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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ARG1 mRNA Level Is a Promising Prognostic Marker in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040628. [PMID: 33807310 PMCID: PMC8065482 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) can be induced by smoking or alcohol consumption, but a growing part of cases relate to a persistent high-risk papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Viral etiology has a beneficial impact on the prognosis, which may be explained by a specific immune response. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the main immune population of the tumor microenvironment with a controversial influence on the prognosis. In this study, the level, phenotype, and spatial distribution of TAMs were evaluated, and the expression of TAM-associated markers was compared in HPV positive (HPV+) and HPV negative (HPV−) tumors. Seventy-three formalin and embedded in paraffin (FFPE) tumor specimens were examined using multispectral immunohistochemistry for the detection of TAM subpopulations in the tumor parenchyma and stroma. Moreover, the mRNA expression of TAM markers was evaluated using RT-qPCR. Results were compared with respect to tumor etiology, and the prognostic significance was evaluated. In HPV− tumors, we observed more pro-tumorigenic M2 in the stroma and a non-macrophage arginase 1 (ARG1)-expressing population in both compartments. Moreover, higher mRNA expression of M2 markers—cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163), ARG1, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2)—was detected in HPV− patients, and of M1 marker nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) in HPV+ group. The expression of ARG1 mRNA was revealed as a negative prognostic factor for overall survival of HNSCC patients.
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Li J, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Wang G, Jiang L, Wei Q, Luo C, Chen L, Ying J. Systemic Inflammatory Markers of Resectable Colorectal Cancer Patients with Different Mismatch Repair Gene Status. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2925-2935. [PMID: 33833576 PMCID: PMC8019618 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s298885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to assess the differences in gene expression and systemic inflammatory markers in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with different mismatch repair (MMR) statuses. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify the different expression genes in patients with CRC at different MMR statuses. A total of 208 patients with resectable colorectal cancer, including 104 deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) patients and 104 matched proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) patients, were retrospectively analyzed. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that chemokine-mediated signaling pathway and inflammatory responses were the main differences in gene expression between dMMR and pMMR CRC patients. In all 208 patients with CRC, those with dMMR frequently had it located on the right side, with more mucinous adenocarcinoma and grade 3 tumors. Patients with dMMR had an earlier American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage than pMMR patients. Meanwhile, lymph nodes (LNs) metastasis was more frequently negative in dMMR patients than pMMR patients. Interestingly, patients with CRC with dMMR had more regional lymph nodes removed during surgery, although with less metastatic cancer. Patients with resectable CRC with dMMR were more likely to have higher levels of neutrophil, monocyte, platelet, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR), Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) and C-reactive protein (CRP). In patients with dMMR, those with higher levels of PLR, MLR, CAR, and co-effect present had shorter overall survival (OS) significantly. It was noteworthy that the prognosis of high levels of systemic inflammatory markers did not predict prolonged OS in patients with pMMR CRC. Conclusion dMMR CRC has presented a comprehensively distinct systemic inflammatory microenvironment. The systemic inflammatory response can predict oncological outcomes in patients with CRC with dMMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary & Gastric Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary & Gastric Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary & Gastric Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary & Gastric Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary & Gastric Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieer Ying
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary & Gastric Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310022, People's Republic of China
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Yun NK, Rouhani SJ, Bestvina CM, Ritz EM, Gilmore BA, Tarhoni I, Borgia JA, Batus M, Bonomi PD, Fidler MJ. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Is a Predictive Biomarker in Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1426. [PMID: 33804721 PMCID: PMC8003851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-line treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Despite higher response rates and prolonged progression free survival (PFS) compared with platinum doublet chemotherapy, a subset of these patients do not receive prolonged benefit from these agents. We investigate if the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and other markers of cachexia and chronic inflammation correlate with worse outcomes in these patients. METHODS This study is a retrospective review of 137 patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC treated with TKIs at Rush University Medical Center and University of Chicago Medicine from August 2011 to July 2019, with outcomes followed through July 2020. The predictive value of NLR and body mass index (BMI) was assessed at the start of therapy, and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment by univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS On univariable analysis, NLR ≥ 5 or higher NLR on a continuous scale were both associated with significantly worse PFS and overall survival (OS) at treatment initiation, and after 6 or 12 weeks of treatment. On multivariable analysis, NLR ≥ 5 was associated with increased risk of death at 12 weeks of therapy (HR 3.002, 95% CI 1.282-7.029, p = 0.011), as was higher NLR on a continuous scale (HR 1.231, 95% CI 1.063-1.425, p = 0.0054). There was no difference in PFS and OS and amongst BMI categories though number of disease sites and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was associated with worse PFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS Patients with NLR ≥ 5 have a worse median PFS and median OS than patients with NLR < 5. NLR may have value as a predictive biomarker and may be useful for selecting patients for therapy intensification in the front-line setting either at diagnosis or after 12 weeks on therapy. NLR needs to be validated prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K. Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Sherin J. Rouhani
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.J.R.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Christine M. Bestvina
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.J.R.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Ethan M. Ritz
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Brendan A. Gilmore
- Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (B.A.G.); (M.B.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Imad Tarhoni
- Cell & Molecular Medicine, Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (I.T.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Jeffrey A. Borgia
- Cell & Molecular Medicine, Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (I.T.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Marta Batus
- Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (B.A.G.); (M.B.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Philip D. Bonomi
- Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (B.A.G.); (M.B.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Mary Jo Fidler
- Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (B.A.G.); (M.B.); (P.D.B.)
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Su H, Cai T, Zhang S, Yan X, Zhou L, He Z, Xue P, Li J, Zheng M, Yang X, Feng B. Identification of hub genes associated with neutrophils infiltration in colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3371-3380. [PMID: 33666342 PMCID: PMC8034475 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in the world. Accumulating evidence indicate that tumour infiltrating immune cells participated in cancer progression. Among them, tumour infiltrating neutrophils (TINs) are reported to play crucial role in various cancers. In this study, we used CIBERSORTx, a digital cytometry tool to evaluate the neutrophils infiltration in CRC based on gene expression data of CRC tissues from GSE39582 data set and The Cancer Genome Atlas data set (TCGA‐COAD and TCGA‐READ). Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted in GSE39582 data set to identify hub genes associated with neutrophil infiltration. The association of hub gene and neutrophils was then validated in TCGA cohorts and an independent RJ cohort. Functional analysis was performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the interested hub gene. We found that neutrophil infiltration is elevated in CRC tissues, and it is related to a poorer prognosis. A total of 18 gene modules are identified by WGCNA in GSE39582 data set, among which lightcyan module is significantly correlated with neutrophils infiltration. Furthermore, Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) in lightcyan module was proved to correlated with neutrophils infiltration in various cancer types. In addition, SOD2 expression is highly associated with several chemokines, including CXCL8, a neutrophils‐related attractant, and functional analysis revealed that SOD2 is involved in neutrophils recruitment biological process. These results indicate that an ‘SOD2‐CXCL8‐neutrophil recruitment’ axis plays a potential role in colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xialin Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji University Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Leqi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zirui He
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Xue
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwen Li
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yamakoshi Y, Tanaka H, Sakimura C, Mori T, Deguchi S, Yoshii M, Tamura T, Toyokawa T, Lee S, Muguruma K, Hirakawa K, Ohira M. Association between the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and tertiary lymphoid structures surrounding tumor in gastric cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 14:76. [PMID: 33680464 PMCID: PMC7922788 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to be associated with a poor prognosis in various types of cancer. We previously reported that an antitumor immune response was induced by tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) surrounding tumor, and increased TLS was an independent prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer. The present study examined the stratification based on the correlation between the preoperative NLR and TLS density in gastric cancer. A total of 199 patients who underwent surgery for stage Ib-IV gastric cancer were included in the study. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the appropriate cut-off values of the preoperative NLR and the TLS density. The prognostic factors were evaluated in a multivariate analysis. The median NLR was 2.18 (mean ± SD, 2.7±2.04). A total of 91 patients with an NLR ≥2.33 was classified into the high NLR group. The overall survival was significantly improved in patients with a low NLR than in those with a high NLR. Additionally, the low NLR group tended to have a high TLS density. The multivariate analysis indicated that the preoperative NLR and TLS density were independent risk factors. When the patients were classified into the high and low NLR and TLS groups and the survival rates were compared, the prognosis was significantly improved in the low NLR and high TLS group than in the other groups. The preoperative NLR may be associated with the presence of TLSs surrounding the tumor, and the combination of NLR and TLS may be useful for the stratification of patient prognosis. The present results suggested that the NLR and TLS density may be surrogate markers for immunotherapy against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Yamakoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Chie Sakimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Sota Deguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Mami Yoshii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Toyokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeru Lee
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuya Muguruma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Cancer vaccines: An unkept promise? Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1347-1352. [PMID: 33601016 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two decades ago, cancer vaccines were hailed as a prominent breakthrough for the treatment of cancer. However, the vaccines failed to show any improvement in median survival time in various clinical trials, even though they stimulated the immune response and showed exceptional safety profiles. The resistance of cancer cells to the immune response was revealed as a significant hurdle. In this review, I discuss the different types of cancer vaccines and the strategies used to design them. I also highlight how cancer cells develop resistance to the immune response, and how therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small interfering (si)RNA/short hairpin (sh)RNA could be used to address some of the shortcomings of cancer vaccine treatments.
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Research Supporting a Pilot Study of Metronomic Dapsone during Glioblastoma Chemoirradiation. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9010012. [PMID: 33669324 PMCID: PMC7931060 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This short note presents previous research data supporting a pilot study of metronomic dapsone during the entire course of glioblastoma treatment. The reviewed data indicate that neutrophils are an integral part of human glioblastoma pathophysiology, contributing to or facilitating glioblastoma growth and treatment resistance. Neutrophils collect within glioblastoma by chemotaxis along several chemokine/cytokine gradients, prominently among which is interleukin-8. Old data from dermatology research has shown that the old and inexpensive generic drug dapsone inhibits neutrophils' chemotaxis along interleukin-8 gradients. It is on that basis that dapsone is used to treat neutrophilic dermatoses, for example, dermatitis herpetiformis, bullous pemphigoid, erlotinib-related rash, and others. The hypothesis of this paper is that dapsone will reduce glioblastomas' neutrophil accumulations by the same mechanisms by which it reduces dermal neutrophil accumulations in the neutrophilic dermatoses. Dapsone would thereby reduce neutrophils' contributions to glioblastoma growth. Dapsone is not an ideal drug, however. It generates methemoglobinemia that occasionally is symptomatic. This generation is reduced by concomitant use of the antacid drug cimetidine. Given the uniform lethality of glioblastoma as of 2020, the risks of dapsone 100 mg twice daily and cimetidine 400 mg twice daily is low enough to warrant a judicious pilot study.
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Li Z, Qu Y, Yang Y, An W, Li S, Wang B, He Y, Li J, Shao Q, Qin L. Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Otolaryngol 2020; 46:395-405. [PMID: 33321001 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). DESIGN AND SETTING A retrospective analysis of patients with LSCC was conducted in our hospitals. Clinical information, including age, sex, TNM classification and other demographic and clinical data, was acquired and analysed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated and compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. PARTICIPANTS A total of 147 patients with LSCC were included. RESULTS According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal cut-off points for NLR, PLR and SII were 1.88, 117.36 and 517.64. The analysis revealed NLR, PLR and SII to be independent predictors for OS and PFS (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative NLR, PLR and SII are promising prognostic predictors for patients with LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Interleukin-8 Receptor 2 (IL-8R2)-Deficient Mice Are More Resistant to Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis than Control Mice. Infect Immun 2020; 89:IAI.00883-19. [PMID: 33106296 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00883-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathology of human coccidioidomycosis is granulomatous inflammation with many neutrophils surrounding ruptured spherules, but the chemotactic pathways that draw neutrophils into the infected tissues are not known. We previously showed that formalin-killed spherules (FKS) stimulate mouse macrophages to secret macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), which suggested that CXC ELR+ chemokines might be involved in neutrophil recruitment in vivo To test that hypothesis, we intranasally infected interleukin-8R2 (IL-8R2) (Cxcr2)-deficient mice on a BALB/c background with Coccidioides immitis RS. IL-8R2-deficient mice had fewer neutrophils in infected lungs than controls, but unexpectedly the IL-8R2-deficient mice had fewer organisms in their lungs than the control mice. Infected IL-8R2-deficient mouse lungs had higher expression of genes associated with lymphocyte activation, including the Th1 and Th17-related cytokines Ifnγ and Il17a and the transcription factors Stat1 and Rorc Additionally, bronchial alveolar lavage fluid from infected IL-8R2-deficient mice contained more IL-17A and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). We postulate that neutrophils in the lung directly or indirectly interfere with the development of a protective Th1/Th17 immune response to C. immitis at the site of infection.
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