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Park Y, Ahn JB, Kim DH, Park IS, Son M, Kim JH, Ma HW, Kim SW, Cheon JH. Integrated Analysis of Microbiome and Metabolome Reveals Disease-Specific Profiles in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Intestinal Behçet's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6697. [PMID: 38928402 PMCID: PMC11203907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbial and metabolic characteristics of intestinal Behçet's disease (BD), a condition sharing many clinical similarities with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are largely unexplored. This study investigated the gut microbial and metabolic characteristics of intestinal BD as well as potential biomarkers, comparing them with those in UC, CD, and healthy controls. Colon tissue and stool samples from 100 patients (35 UC, 30 CD, and 35 intestinal BD) and 41 healthy volunteers were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to assess microbial diversity, taxonomic composition, and functional profiling. Plasma metabolomic analyses were performed using gas chromatography and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results indicated reduced microbial diversity in CD but not in intestinal BD, with intestinal BD showing fewer changes compared to controls yet distinct taxonomic features from UC, CD, and controls. Common alterations across all diseases included a reduction in beneficial bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids. Intestinal BD-specific changes featured a decreased abundance of Bacteroides fragilis. Metabolomic profiles in intestinal BD were similar to those in CD but distinct from those in UC, displaying significant changes in energy metabolism and genetic information processing. This integrative analysis revealed both shared and unique profiles in intestinal BD compared with UC, CD, and controls, advancing our understanding of the distinctive features of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.B.A.); (D.H.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.B.A.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.B.A.); (D.H.K.)
| | - I Seul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.B.A.); (D.H.K.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijeong Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.B.A.); (D.H.K.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.B.A.); (D.H.K.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.B.A.); (D.H.K.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.B.A.); (D.H.K.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.B.A.); (D.H.K.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Rui W, Li X, Wang L, Tang X, Yang J. Potential Applications of Blautia wexlerae in the Regulation of Host Metabolism. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10274-8. [PMID: 38703323 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Blautia wexlerae (B. wexlerae) is a strong candidate with the potential to become a next-generation probiotics (NGPs) and has recently been shown for the first time to exhibit potential in modulating host metabolic levels and alleviating metabolic diseases. However, the factors affecting the change in abundance of B. wexlerae and the pattern of its abundance change in the associated indications remain to be further investigated. Here, we summarize information from published studies related to B. wexlerae; analyze the effects of food source factors such as prebiotics, probiotics, low protein foods, polyphenols, vitamins, and other factors on the abundance of B. wexlerae; and explore the patterns of changes in the abundance of B. wexlerae in metabolic diseases, neurological diseases, and other diseases. At the same time, the development potential of B. wexlerae was evaluated in the direction of functional foods and special medical foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Rui
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Qixia District, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Qixia District, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Endodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuna Tang
- Department of Specialist Clinic, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jingpeng Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Qixia District, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, China.
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Li X, Tang X, Chen M, Wang S, Tong C, Xu J, Xie G, Ma B, Zou Y, Wang Y, Wen X, Wu Y. Intramuscular therapeutic doses of enrofloxacin affect microbial community structure but not the relative abundance of fluoroquinolones resistance genes in swine manure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169794. [PMID: 38181963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Livestock manure is a major source of veterinary antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Elucidation of the residual characteristics of ARGs in livestock manure following the administration of veterinary antibiotics is critical to assess their ecotoxicological effects and environmental contamination risks. Here, we investigated the effects of enrofloxacin (ENR), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic commonly used as a therapeutic drug in animal husbandry, on the characteristics of ARGs, mobile genetic elements, and microbial community structure in swine manure following its intramuscular administration for 3 days and a withdrawal period of 10 days. The results revealed the highest concentrations of ENR and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in swine manure at the end of the administration period, ENR concentrations in swine manure in groups L and H were 88.67 ± 45.46 and 219.75 ± 88.05 mg/kg DM, respectively. Approximately 15 fluoroquinolone resistance genes (FRGs) and 48 fluoroquinolone-related multidrug resistance genes (F-MRGs) were detected in swine manure; the relative abundance of the F-MRGs was considerably higher than that of the FRGs. On day 3, the relative abundance of qacA was significantly higher in group H than in group CK, and no significant differences in the relative abundance of other FRGs, F-MRGs, or MGEs were observed between the three groups on day 3 and day 13. The microbial community structure in swine manure was significantly altered on day 3, and the altered community structure was restored on day 13. The FRGs and F-MRGs with the highest relative abundance were qacA and adeF, respectively, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus were the dominant bacterial genera carrying these genes in swine manure. In summary, a single treatment of intramuscular ENR transiently increased antibiotic concentrations and altered the microbial community structure in swine manure; however, this treatment did not significantly affect the abundance of FRGs and F-MRGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Majan Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaoyu Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chang Tong
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gaomiao Xie
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Foshan Customs Comprehensive Technology Center, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yongde Zou
- Foshan Customs Comprehensive Technology Center, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yinbao Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Yoon H, Park S, Jun YK, Choi Y, Shin CM, Park YS, Kim N, Lee DH. Evaluation of Bacterial and Fungal Biomarkers for Differentiation and Prognosis of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2882. [PMID: 38138026 PMCID: PMC10745905 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate bacterial and fungal biomarkers to differentiate patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), predict the IBD prognosis, and determine the relationship of these biomarkers with IBD pathogenesis. The composition and function of bacteria and fungi in stool from 100 IBD patients and 97 controls were profiled using next-generation sequencing. We evaluated the cumulative risk of relapse according to bacterial and fungal enterotypes. The microbiome and mycobiome alpha diversity in IBD patients were significantly lower and higher than in the controls, respectively; the micro/mycobiome beta diversity differed significantly between IBD patients and the controls. Ruminococcus gnavus, Cyberlindnera jadinii, and Candida tropicalis increased in IBD patients. Combining functional and species analyses revealed that lower sugar import and higher modified polysaccharide production were associated with IBD pathogenesis. Tricarboxylic acid cycling consuming acetyl CoA was higher in IBD patients than the controls, leading to lower short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) fermentation. Bacterial and fungal enterotypes were not associated with IBD relapse. We found differences in bacterial and fungal species between IBD patients and controls. A working model for the role of gut bacteria in IBD pathogenesis is proposed, wherein bacterial species increase modified N-glycan production and decrease SCFA fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.J.); (Y.C.); (C.M.S.); (Y.S.P.); (N.K.); (D.H.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.J.); (Y.C.); (C.M.S.); (Y.S.P.); (N.K.); (D.H.L.)
| | - Yonghoon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.J.); (Y.C.); (C.M.S.); (Y.S.P.); (N.K.); (D.H.L.)
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.J.); (Y.C.); (C.M.S.); (Y.S.P.); (N.K.); (D.H.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.J.); (Y.C.); (C.M.S.); (Y.S.P.); (N.K.); (D.H.L.)
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.J.); (Y.C.); (C.M.S.); (Y.S.P.); (N.K.); (D.H.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.J.); (Y.C.); (C.M.S.); (Y.S.P.); (N.K.); (D.H.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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5
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Hanna N, Tamhankar AJ, Lundborg CS. The development of an integrated environment-human risk approach for the prioritisation of antibiotics for policy decisions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163301. [PMID: 37031932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination with antibiotic residues has caused significant concern. Antibiotics are continually emitted into the environment which potentially threatens environmental and human health, particularly, the risk in the development of antibiotic resistance. A list of priority antibiotics in the environment is essential for eco-pharmacovigilance and policy decisions. This study developed a prioritisation system of antibiotics based on their integrated environmental (resistance and ecotoxicity) and human health (resistance and toxicity) risks, considering various aquatic environmental compartments. Data obtained by conducting a systematic review of the literature of antibiotic residues in various aquatic environmental compartments in China was used as an example. The list of priority antibiotics was created by ranking the antibiotics in descending order, based on the risk scores of their a) overall risk, (b) antibiotic resistance risk to environment, (c) ecotoxicity risk, (d) overall environmental risk, (e) antibiotic resistance risk to human health, (f) toxicity risk to human health and (g) overall human health risk. Ciprofloxacin posed the greatest risk and chloramphenicol posed the least risk. The output from this research can be used to implement eco-pharmacovigilance and to develop targeted policies which would prevent / minimise the environmental and human health risks from antibiotic residues. The use of this list of priority antibiotics will allow for a country / region / setting to (a) optimise the use of antibiotics and their prescribing practices, (b) create effective monitoring and mitigation strategies, (c) minimise the discharge of antibiotic residues and (d) focus research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Hanna
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Improving use of medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Ashok J Tamhankar
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Improving use of medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden; Indian Initiative for Management of Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Environmental Medicine, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India
| | - Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Improving use of medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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6
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Wang M, Qin Y, Liu Y, Yang H, Wang J, Ru S, Cui P. Short-term exposure to enrofloxacin causes hepatic metabolism disorder associated with intestinal flora dysbiosis in adult marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:114966. [PMID: 37178644 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is frequently detected in the environment. Our study assessed the impact of short-term ENR exposure on the intestinal and liver health of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) using gut metagenomic shotgun sequencing and liver metabolomics. We found that ENR exposure resulted in imbalances of Vibrio and Flavobacteria and enrichments of multiple antibiotic resistance genes. Additionally, we found a potential link between the host's response to ENR exposure and the intestinal microbiota disorder. Liver metabolites, including phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, taurocholic acid, and cholic acid, in addition to several metabolic pathways in the liver that are closely linked to the imbalance of intestinal flora were severely maladjusted. These findings suggest that ENR exposure has the potential to negatively affect the gut-liver axis as the primary toxicological mechanism. Our findings provide evidence regarding the negative physiological impacts of antibiotics on marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiru Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yifan Qin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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7
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Shaaban H, Mostafa A. Simultaneous determination of antibiotics residues in edible fish muscle using eco-friendly SPE-UPLC-MS/MS: Occurrence, human dietary exposure and health risk assessment for consumer safety. Toxicol Rep 2022; 10:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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Kuthyar S, Watson K, Huang S, Brent LJN, Platt M, Horvath J, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Martínez M, Godoy-Vitorino F, Knight R, Dominguez-Bello MG, Amato KR. Limited microbiome differences in captive and semi-wild primate populations consuming similar diets. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:fiac098. [PMID: 36047944 PMCID: PMC9528791 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial communities are shaped by a myriad of extrinsic factors, including diet and the environment. Although distinct human populations consistently exhibit different gut microbiome compositions, variation in diet and environmental factors are almost always coupled, making it difficult to disentangle their relative contributions to shaping the gut microbiota. Data from discrete animal populations with similar diets can help reduce confounds. Here, we assessed the gut microbiota of free-ranging and captive rhesus macaques with at least 80% diet similarity to test the hypothesis that hosts in difference environments will have different gut microbiomes despite a shared diet. Although we found that location was a significant predictor of gut microbial composition, the magnitude of observed differences was relatively small. These patterns suggest that a shared diet may limit the typical influence of environmental microbial exposure on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Kuthyar
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University 1810 Hinman Avenue Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Karli Watson
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder 1777 Exposition Drive Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lauren J N Brent
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4PY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Platt
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 425 S. University Ave Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6018, USA
- Department of Marketing, Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104, PA, USA
| | - Julie Horvath
- Research and Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 W Jones St, Raleigh, NC, 27601, USA
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Department, North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, 104 Biological Sciences Campus Box 90383 Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 3510 Thomas Hall Campus Box 7614 Raleigh, NC, USA 27695, USA
| | - Janis Gonzalez-Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico Cayo Santiago, Punta Santiago, Puerto Rico, Humacao 00741, Puerto Rico
| | - Melween Martínez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico Cayo Santiago, Punta Santiago, Puerto Rico, Humacao 00741, Puerto Rico
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO BOX 365067 San Juan, PR 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Sciences and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, 76 Lipman Dr, New Brunswick, NJ, USA 08901, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA 1810, USA
| | - Katherine R Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University 1810 Hinman Avenue Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Qiu W, Liu T, Liu X, Chen H, Luo S, Chen Q, Magnuson JT, Zheng C, Xu EG, Schlenk D. Enrofloxacin Induces Intestinal Microbiota-Mediated Immunosuppression in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8428-8437. [PMID: 35545936 PMCID: PMC9228068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive effects of antibiotics and the potential associations with the intestinal microbiota of the host have been increasingly recognized in recent years. However, the detailed underlying mechanisms of immune interference of antibiotics in environmental organisms remain unclear, particularly at the early life stage of high sensitivity. To better understand the gut microbiome and immune function interactions, the vertebrate model, zebrafish, was treated with environmentally relevant concentrations of a frequently detected antibiotic, enrofloxacin (ENR), ranging from 0.01 to 100 μg/L. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing indicated diminished diversity, richness, and evenness of intestinal flora following ENR treatment. Twenty-two taxa of gut bacteria including Rickettsiales, Pseudomonadales, and Flavobacteriales were significantly correlated with immunosuppressive biomarkers, including a significant decrease in the abundance of macrophages and neutrophils. To validate the immunomodulatory effects due to altered intestinal microbial populations, zebrafish reared under sterile and non-sterile husbandry conditions were compared after ENR treatment. A significant inhibitory effect was induced by ENR treatment under non-sterile conditions, while the number of macrophages and neutrophils, as well as biomarkers of immunosuppressive effects, were significantly salved in zebrafish under sterile conditions, confirming for the first time that immunosuppression by ENR was closely mediated through alterations of the intestinal microbiome in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Qiu
- School
of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State
Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater
Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and
Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and
Engineering, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tang Liu
- State
Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater
Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and
Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and
Engineering, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- State
Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater
Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and
Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and
Engineering, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Honghong Chen
- State
Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater
Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and
Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and
Engineering, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shusheng Luo
- State
Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater
Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and
Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and
Engineering, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jason T. Magnuson
- Department
of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4021, Norway
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- State
Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater
Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and
Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and
Engineering, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department
of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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10
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Yoon H, Park YS, Shin CM, Kim N, Lee DH. Gut Microbiome in Probable Intestinal Tuberculosis and Changes following Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment. Yonsei Med J 2022; 63:34-41. [PMID: 34913282 PMCID: PMC8688367 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.63.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Information on the gut microbiome in patients with intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and changes therein following anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) is lacking. We aimed to elucidate differences in stool microbiome between ITB patients and controls and to evaluate stool microbiome changes after ATT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven patients with probable ITB underwent ATT for 6 months, with stool samples collected at 0, 2, and 6 months. We performed next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in stool bacteria and compared the gut microbiome. RESULTS Initially, the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia was higher (5.0% vs. <1%) and that of Proteobacteria was lower (<1% vs. 6.6%) in ITB patients than in controls. Higher numbers of butyrate-producing bacteria (Blautia and Roseburia) were noted in ITB patients. The alpha-diversity of stool microbiome of ITB patients was lower than that in controls (p=0.045). There was a significant difference in beta-diversity between the groups (p=0.001). At 6 months, the proportion of Verrucomicrobia decreased to <1%, while the proportion of Proteobacteria remained at <1%. CONCLUSION There were no significant differences in alpha- and beta-diversity in the stool microbiome at 0, 2, and 6 months after ATT. The stool microbiome composition of probable ITB patients was different from that of controls, and 6 months of ATT did not significantly affect it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Pennycook JH, Scanlan PD. Ecological and Evolutionary responses to Antibiotic Treatment in the Human Gut Microbiota. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuab018. [PMID: 33822937 PMCID: PMC8498795 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for antibiotics to affect the ecology and evolution of the human gut microbiota is well recognised and has wide-ranging implications for host health. Here, we review the findings of key studies that surveyed the human gut microbiota during antibiotic treatment. We find several broad patterns including the loss of diversity, disturbance of community composition, suppression of bacteria in the Actinobacteria phylum, amplification of bacteria in the Bacteroidetes phylum, and promotion of antibiotic resistance. Such changes to the microbiota were often, but not always, recovered following the end of treatment. However, many studies reported unique and/or contradictory results, which highlights our inability to meaningfully predict or explain the effects of antibiotic treatment on the human gut microbiome. This problem arises from variation between existing studies in three major categories: differences in dose, class and combinations of antibiotic treatments used; differences in demographics, lifestyles, and locations of subjects; and differences in measurements, analyses and reporting styles used by researchers. To overcome this, we suggest two integrated approaches: (i) a top-down approach focused on building predictive models through large sample sizes, deep metagenomic sequencing, and effective collaboration; and (ii) a bottom-up reductionist approach focused on testing hypotheses using model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hugh Pennycook
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
- School of Mirobiology, Food Science & Technology Building, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Pauline Deirdre Scanlan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
- School of Mirobiology, Food Science & Technology Building, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
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12
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Lee JY, Bae E, Kim HY, Lee KM, Yoon SS, Lee DC. High-Fat-Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress Linked to the Increased Colonization of Lactobacillus sakei in an Obese Population. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0007421. [PMID: 34190593 PMCID: PMC8552675 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00074-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem related to various chronic health conditions. Lactobacillus species has been reported in obese individuals; however, its role is unknown. We compared the abundance and composition of Lactobacillus species by analyzing feces from 64 healthy control subjects and 88 obese subjects. We isolated one Lactobacillus strain from the feces of a subject with obesity and further analyzed its genetic and molecular features. We found that an increased abundance and higher prevalence of Lactobacillus sakei distinguished the fecal microbiota of the obese group from that of healthy subjects and that it was related to the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by higher fat intake. The L. sakei ob4.1 strain, isolated from the feces of a subject with obesity, showed high catalase activity, which was regulated by oxidative stress at the gene transcription level. L. sakei ob4.1 maintained colon epithelial cell adhesion ability under ROS stimulation, and treatment with saturated fatty acid increased colon epithelial ROS levels in a dose-dependent manner; however, L. sakei ob4.1 did not change the level of fat-induced colon epithelial ROS. Exposing mice to a high-fat diet revealed that high-fat-diet-induced colon ROS was associated with the increased colonization of L. sakei ob4.1 through catalase activity. Four-week supplementation with this strain in mice fed a high-fat diet did not change their body weights or ROS levels. A high-fat diet induces changes in the colon environment by increasing ROS levels, which provides a colonization benefit to an L. sakei strain with high catalase activity. IMPORTANCELactobacillus provides many health benefits; its various species are widely used as probiotics. However, an increased abundance of Lactobacillus has been reported in obesity, and the role of Lactobacillus strains in obesity remains unknown. We found a high abundance of the Lactobacillus sakei species in a group of obese subjects and examined its relationship with a high-fat diet and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the feces. To find the underlying mechanism, we analyzed and characterized an L. sakei strain isolated from a severely obese individual. We found that higher gut oxidative stress could link high-fat-diet-induced obesity and L. sakei. This translational research identifies the roles of the host gut environment in the colonization and survival of L. sakei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yon Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chaum Life Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Bae
- Chaum Life Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Mu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Sun Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk-Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Ahn Y, Jung JY, Kweon O, Veach BT, Khare S, Gokulan K, Piñeiro SA, Cerniglia CE. Impact of Chronic Tetracycline Exposure on Human Intestinal Microbiota in a Continuous Flow Bioreactor Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080886. [PMID: 34438936 PMCID: PMC8388752 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying potential dietary exposure to antimicrobial drug residues via meat and dairy products is essential to ensure human health and consumer safety. When studying how antimicrobial residues in food impact the development of antimicrobial drug resistance and disrupt normal bacteria community structure in the intestine, there are diverse methodological challenges to overcome. In this study, traditional cultures and molecular analysis techniques were used to determine the effects of tetracycline at chronic subinhibitory exposure levels on human intestinal microbiota using an in vitro continuous flow bioreactor. Six bioreactor culture vessels containing human fecal suspensions were maintained at 37 °C for 7 days. After a steady state was achieved, the suspensions were dosed with 0, 0.015, 0.15, 1.5, 15, or 150 µg/mL tetracycline, respectively. Exposure to 150 µg/mL tetracycline resulted in a decrease of total anaerobic bacteria from 1.9 × 107 ± 0.3 × 107 down to 2 × 106 ± 0.8 × 106 CFU/mL. Dose-dependent effects of tetracycline were noted for perturbations of tetB and tetD gene expression and changes in acetate and propionate concentrations. Although no-observed-adverse-effect concentrations differed, depending on the traditional cultures and the molecular analysis techniques used, this in vitro continuous flow bioreactor study contributes to the knowledge base regarding the impact of chronic exposure of tetracycline on human intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbeom Ahn
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.Y.J.); (O.K.); (S.K.); (K.G.); (C.E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-870-540-7084
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.Y.J.); (O.K.); (S.K.); (K.G.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Ohgew Kweon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.Y.J.); (O.K.); (S.K.); (K.G.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Brian T. Veach
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Arkansas Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.Y.J.); (O.K.); (S.K.); (K.G.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Kuppan Gokulan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.Y.J.); (O.K.); (S.K.); (K.G.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Silvia A. Piñeiro
- Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 72079, USA;
| | - Carl E. Cerniglia
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.Y.J.); (O.K.); (S.K.); (K.G.); (C.E.C.)
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14
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Yoon H, Lee DH, Lee JH, Kwon JE, Shin CM, Yang SJ, Park SH, Lee JH, Kang SW, Lee JS, Kim BY. Characteristics of the Gut Microbiome of Healthy Young Male Soldiers in South Korea: The Effects of Smoking. Gut Liver 2021; 15:243-252. [PMID: 32390407 PMCID: PMC7960973 DOI: 10.5009/gnl19354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims South Korean soldiers are exposed to similar environmental factors. In this study, we sought to evaluate the gut microbiome of healthy young male soldiers (HYMS) and to identify the primary factors influencing the microbiome composition. Methods We prospectively collected stool from 100 HYMS and performed next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of fecal bacteria. Clinical data, including data relating to the diet, smoking, drinking, and exercise, were collected. Results The relative abundances of the bacterial phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were 72.3%, 14.5%, 8.9%, and 4.0%, respectively. Fifteen species, most of which belonged to Firmicutes (87%), were detected in all examined subjects. Using cluster analysis, we found that the subjects could be divided into the two enterotypes based on the gut microbiome bacterial composition. Compared with enterotype 2 subjects, subjects classified as enterotype 1 tended to be characterized by higher frequencies of potentially harmful lifestyle habits (current smoker 55.6% vs 36.6%, p=0.222; heavy drinker 16.7% vs 3.7%, p=0.120; insufficient physical activity 27.8% vs 14.6%, p=0.318). We identified a significant difference in the microbiome compositions of current and noncurrent smokers (p=0.008); the former differed from the latter mainly in a relatively lower abundance of Bifidobacterium species and a higher abundance of Negativicutes. Conclusions A high abundance of Actinobacteria and low abundance of Bacteroidetes were the main features distinguishing the gut microbiomes of HYMS, and current smokers could be differentiated from noncurrent smokers by their lower abundance of Bifidobacterium and higher abundance of Negativicutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | | | - Ji Eun Kwon
- Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | | | - Seung-Hwan Park
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Se Won Kang
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Korea
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15
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Teglia CM, Guiñez M, Culzoni MJ, Cerutti S. Determination of residual enrofloxacin in eggs due to long term administration to laying hens. Analysis of the consumer exposure assessment to egg derivatives. Food Chem 2021; 351:129279. [PMID: 33631615 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of the antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENR) in poultry is controversial. A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fast-scanning fluorescence detection (HPLC-FSFD) method for the determination of ENR in egg white, egg yolk, and lyophilized samples was developed. In a first analysis, the long-term administration of ENR (100 days) to laying hens was carried out to determine its presence in egg white, yolk, or both. The predominance of ENR was observed in egg white and variations in the weight of egg white and eggshell was evidenced, showing a potential problem in the industry. Eventually, the presence of ENR was confirmed in commercial lyophilized egg white samples in concentration values around 350 µg kg-1. The consumer exposure assessment was estimated for children, adolescents, and adults. The result displayed that, in an intake of lyophilized egg white with food-producing animals, the %ADI exceeds 100%, showing toxicological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Teglia
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (CCT-San Luis), Área de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Laboratorio de Espectrometría de Masas, Bloque III, Ejército de los Andes 950, San Luis CP5700, Argentina; Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 CP C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Guiñez
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (CCT-San Luis), Área de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Laboratorio de Espectrometría de Masas, Bloque III, Ejército de los Andes 950, San Luis CP5700, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 CP C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 CP C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Soledad Cerutti
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (CCT-San Luis), Área de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Laboratorio de Espectrometría de Masas, Bloque III, Ejército de los Andes 950, San Luis CP5700, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 CP C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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16
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Yoon H, Shim HI, Seol M, Shin CM, Park YS, Kim N, Lee DH. Factors Related to Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with Clostridioides difficile Infection. Gut Liver 2021; 15:61-69. [PMID: 32839363 PMCID: PMC7817928 DOI: 10.5009/gnl20135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate factors related to outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and viability of frozen stock for FMT. Methods Clinical data of patients who had received FMT for CDI were prospectively collected. Next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacteria was performed from donors' and recipients' stool. Colony-forming units (CFUs) of cultures from frozen stock solutions for FMT were measured at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 weeks after preparation of the solutions. Results In total, 25 FMT procedures were performed in 20 cases (14 fresh and 11 frozen FMT). Forty-five percent of cases involved fulminant CDI. The overall success rate was 55% after the 1st FMT and 75% after the 2nd FMT. The success rate was significantly higher in partially treated CDI than in refractory CDI (100% vs 71.4%; p=0.001). In successful cases only, the decrease in alpha-diversity in the recipient stool microbiomes was recovered after FMT to a level similar to that in donor stools. There was a significant difference in the microbiome composition in pre-FMT recipients' stool between successful and failed cases (p=0.001). The CFUs of frozen solution for FMT did not decrease for 48 weeks in both aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Conclusions FMT is highly effective in partially treated CDI but not in refractory CDI. The microbiome differs between failed and successful cases. Frozen stock for FMT is viable up to 48 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun Ik Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Mijin Seol
- R&D Center, BioBankHealing Inc., Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,R&D Center, BioBankHealing Inc., Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Piñeiro SA, Cerniglia CE. Antimicrobial drug residues in animal-derived foods: Potential impact on the human intestinal microbiome. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:215-222. [PMID: 32710465 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of veterinary drugs in food-producing animals may result in the presence of low levels of drug residues in these edible, animal-derived foods, with potential dietary exposure to humans. Since therapeutic doses of antibiotics have been shown to affect bacterial populations in the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and can also promote the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, there is concern that animal drugs at residue level concentrations could also perturb the intestinal microbiome composition and modify the antimicrobial resistance profile of the human intestinal microbiota. This review provides updated information on the VICH GL#36(R2), on evaluating the safety of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods and their effects on the human intestinal microbiome; discusses critical research knowledge gaps and challenges in evaluating the impact of drug residues in animal-derived foods on the human intestinal microbiome; and analyzes integrated basic and applied research approaches, currently being conducted at FDA, on studies that specifically address key regulatory science questions. Moreover, this review aims to emphasize future research needs on scientific methodology and provides general recommendations on drug inactivation, bioavailability, and antimicrobial resistance, to improve the safety evaluation and risk assessment of antimicrobial residues and their impact on the gastrointestinal microbiota, with the goal of ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Aurora Piñeiro
- Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carl Edward Cerniglia
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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18
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Lee JY, Cevallos SA, Byndloss MX, Tiffany CR, Olsan EE, Butler BP, Young BM, Rogers AWL, Nguyen H, Kim K, Choi SW, Bae E, Lee JH, Min UG, Lee DC, Bäumler AJ. High-Fat Diet and Antibiotics Cooperatively Impair Mitochondrial Bioenergetics to Trigger Dysbiosis that Exacerbates Pre-inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:273-284.e6. [PMID: 32668218 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The clinical spectra of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) intersect to form a scantily defined overlap syndrome, termed pre-IBD. We show that increased Enterobacteriaceae and reduced Clostridia abundance distinguish the fecal microbiota of pre-IBD patients from IBS patients. A history of antibiotics in individuals consuming a high-fat diet was associated with the greatest risk for pre-IBD. Exposing mice to these risk factors resulted in conditions resembling pre-IBD and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics in the colonic epithelium, which triggered dysbiosis. Restoring mitochondrial bioenergetics in the colonic epithelium with 5-amino salicylic acid, a PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) agonist that stimulates mitochondrial activity, ameliorated pre-IBD symptoms. As with patients, mice with pre-IBD exhibited notable expansions of Enterobacteriaceae that exacerbated low-grade mucosal inflammation, suggesting that remediating dysbiosis can alleviate inflammation. Thus, environmental risk factors cooperate to impair epithelial mitochondrial bioenergetics, thereby triggering microbiota disruptions that exacerbate inflammation and distinguish pre-IBD from IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yon Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Chaum Life Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephanie A Cevallos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mariana X Byndloss
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Connor R Tiffany
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Erin E Olsan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian P Butler
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Briana M Young
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrew W L Rogers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Henry Nguyen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kyongchol Kim
- Chaum Life Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Chaum Life Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Bae
- Chaum Life Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hee Lee
- ChunLab, Inc., Seoul 06725, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui-Gi Min
- ChunLab, Inc., Seoul 06725, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas J Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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19
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Yoon HY, Lee SY. An Assessment of the Bacterial Diversity found in Dental Unit Waterlines using the Illumina MiSeq. Biocontrol Sci 2020; 24:201-212. [PMID: 31875612 DOI: 10.4265/bio.24.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Water from the waterlines of dental units is often contaminated with bacteria but there have been few studies accurately assessing the diversity of these bacterial populations. The aim of our study was to assess the bacterial diversity present in water collected from dental unit waterlines using the Illumina MiSeq. Water was collected from two separate dental units located in a dental hospital and two units found in two separate private clinics in Gangneung-si, Korea. From the four water samples that were analyzed, a total of 233 bacterial genera were identified. The most abundant genera were Sphingomonas (25%), Halomonas (20%), Reyranella (8%), and Novosphingobium (6%). Halomonas was more prevalent in the two dental units located at the dental hospital, while Reyranella and Sphingomonas were more commonly found in the private dental clinics. Only 19 of the 233 identified genera were common between water samples from all dental units. Opportunistic pathogens were shown to account for 7.7% of the total bacterial genera identified. Our results have demonstrated that there is a wide assortment of bacterial genera present in dental unit waterlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Yoon
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University
| | - Si Young Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University
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Chang DH, Shin J, Rhee MS, Park KR, Cho BK, Lee, SK, Kim BC. Vaginal Microbiota Profiles of Native Korean Women and Associations with High-Risk Pregnancy. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:248-258. [PMID: 31838792 PMCID: PMC9728229 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1908.08016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The vaginal microbiota may be important for pregnancy prognosis because vaginal dysbiosis during pregnancy appears to be related to preterm birth (PTB) or pregnancy loss. Previous reports have indicated that a Lactobacillus-poor microbial flora in the vagina and intrauterine infection by diverse anaerobes ascending from the vagina are associated with undesirable delivery outcomes. However, no research has involved the use of pyrosequencing analysis to examine vaginal microbiota profiles or their potential associations with high-risk pregnancy in Korean women. Vaginal swabs were collected from 500 Korean women for the identification of community state types (CSTs). Of these, 137 samples were further analyzed using a Roche/454 GS Junior pyrosequencer. Three distinct CSTs were identified based on the dominant vaginal microbes: CST I (Lactobacillus crispatus dominated), CST III (Lactobacillus iners dominated), and CST IV (with diverse species of anaerobes). Twelve of the 67 pregnant women had undesirable pregnancy outcomes (four miscarriages and eight PTBs). The dominant microbe in the vaginal microbiota of women who gave birth at full-term was L. crispatus. In contrast, L. iners was the dominant vaginal microbe in women who miscarried. Most (n = 6/8) vaginal microbiota profiles of women who experienced PTB could be classified as CST IV, with diverse bacteria, including anaerobic vaginal species. The present study provides valuable information regarding the characteristics of the vaginal microbiota of Korean women related to high-risk pregnancy. Investigation of the vaginal microbiotic structure in pregnant Korean women is necessary to enable better prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Chang
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea,Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongoh Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 4141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Rhee
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 311, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ryang Park
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 4141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ki Lee,
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Myunggok Medical Research Center, Konyang University, Daejeon 336, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors S.K.L. Phone: +82-42-600-9204 Fax: +82-42-600-9204 E-mail:
| | - Byoung-Chan Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea,Department of Bioprocess Engineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors S.K.L. Phone: +82-42-600-9204 Fax: +82-42-600-9204 E-mail:
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21
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Lee M, Song JH, Park JM, Chang JY. Bacterial diversity in Korean temple kimchi fermentation. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Kim SJ, Kim SE, Kim AR, Kang S, Park MY, Sung MK. Dietary fat intake and age modulate the composition of the gut microbiota and colonic inflammation in C57BL/6J mice. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:193. [PMID: 31429703 PMCID: PMC6701133 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More than half of the adult population worldwide is overweight or obese, while excess adiposity has been linked to chronic low-grade inflammation, contributing to the development of chronic diseases. Recent studies have showed that diet-induced alterations to the gut microbiota composition play a pivotal role in the development of obesity. However, the cause-effect relationship between obesity and gut microbiota composition is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the short-term responses of gut microbiota composition to diets with different fat contents and their associations with inflammatory biomarkers. Results Sixty male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a normal diet (ND; 15% fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% fat) for 10 or 20 weeks. The relative proportion of the phylum Actinobacteria was elevated by the HFD and was positively associated with body weight and proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The proportion of the phylum Firmicutes increased with aging and was also positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokines. The proportions of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were inversely associated with tight junction proteins claudin-1 and E-cadherin, respectively. The proportions of the class Clostridia and the family Ruminococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes were affected by both diet and age. In addition, the proportions of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the family Bacteroidaceae, and the genus Bacteroides decreased with aging and were inversely correlated with colonic proinflammatory cytokines representing a positive association with tight junction proteins. Conclusions Host age and dietary fat intake are important elements that induce proportional changes in gut microbiota, and these changes are also associated with systemic inflammation. This study provides evidence that diet affects the gut microbiota composition within a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Reum Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Saemyi Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 31538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Jeon YD, Ann HW, Lee WJ, Kim JH, Seong H, Kim JH, Ahn JY, Jeong SJ, Ku NS, Yeom JS, Yong D, Lee K, Choi JY. Characteristics of Faecal Microbiota in Korean Patients with Clostridioides difficile-associated Diarrhea. Infect Chemother 2019; 51:365-375. [PMID: 31898424 PMCID: PMC6940376 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2019.51.4.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea, and regional and racial characteristics influence the microbiome composition and diversity. We investigated the intestinal microbiome characteristics of patients with C. difficile colitis (CD+) compared to those of patients with colitis not due to C. difficile (CD−), patients with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization, and healthy controls, in Korea. Materials and Methods We collected stool samples from 24, 18, 11 and 13 subjects within CD+, CD−, VRE and healthy control groups, respectively. The microbial communities were evaluated by 454-pyrosequencing of bacterial 16s rRNA. Results The species richness and microbial diversity were significantly lower in the CD+ group compared to those in healthy controls, but not compared to those in CD− and VRE groups. Phylum-level analysis showed that the proportion of Actinobacteria in the CD+ group was significantly lower than in the healthy control, but was unchanged compared to that in CD− and VRE groups. At the genus level, compared to the healthy group, the CD+ group showed significantly lower proportions of Blautia, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium et al. Compared to the VRE group, the CD+ group showed a significantly higher proportion of Anaerostipes. Conclusions We could identify the intestinal microbiome characteristics of Koreans with C. difficile colitis. It might help to develop microbiome based diagnostic and treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Duk Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hea Won Ann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woon Ji Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Hyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Su Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Sup Yeom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee M, Song JH, Lee SH, Jung MY, Chang JY. Effect of seasonal production on bacterial communities in Korean industrial kimchi fermentation. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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25
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Guidi LR, Santos FA, Ribeiro ACS, Fernandes C, Silva LH, Gloria MBA. Quinolones and tetracyclines in aquaculture fish by a simple and rapid LC-MS/MS method. Food Chem 2018; 245:1232-1238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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Kim MJ, Ko D, Ko K, Kim D, Lee JY, Woo SM, Kim W, Chung H. Effects of silver-graphene oxide nanocomposites on soil microbial communities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 346:93-102. [PMID: 29248800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the application of silver-graphene oxide (Ag-GO) in diverse fields, it is important to investigate its potential impacts on the environment including soils. In this study, the response of microbial communities in soils treated with Ag-GO synthesized by glucose reduction was determined by analyzing enzyme activities, biomass, and inorganic N concentrations and by pyrosequencing. In soils treated with 0.1-1 mg Ag-GO g-1 soil, the activities of β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylosidase decreased up to 80% and NO3- concentration decreased up to 82% indicating inhibited nitrification. Within the bacterial community, the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria in soils treated with Ag-GO were lower than that in control soil. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of AD3 and Firmicutes tended to increase under Ag-GO treatments. These changes in bacterial community composition reflected lowered activities associated with C and N cycling. On the other hand, microbial biomass showed no distinct change in response to Ag-GO treatment. Our study can serve as important basis in establishing guidelines for regulating the release of nanocomposites such as Ag-GO to the soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Daegeun Ko
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanyoung Ko
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawon Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Myeong Woo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Haegeun Chung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Lim JS, Yang SH, Kim BS, Lee EY. Comparison of microbial communities in swine manure at various temperatures and storage times. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:1373-1380. [PMID: 29381907 PMCID: PMC6043449 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to investigate the effects of temperature and storage time on the evolution of bacterial communities in swine manure. Methods Manure was stored at −20°C, 4°C, 20°C, or 37°C and sampled at 7-day intervals over 28 days of storage, for a total of 5 time points. To assess the bacterial species present, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences were analyzed using pyrosequencing. Results After normalization, 113,934 sequence reads were obtained, with an average length of 466.6±4.4 bp. The diversity indices of the communities reduced as temperature and storage time increased, and the slopes of rarefaction curves decreased from the second week in samples stored at −20°C and 4°C. These results indicate that the richness of the bacterial community in the manure reduced as temperature and storage time increased. Firmicutes were the dominant phylum in all samples examined, ranging from 89.3% to 98.8% of total reads, followed by Actinobacteria, which accounted for 0.6% to 7.9%. A change in community composition was observed in samples stored at 37°C during the first 7 days, indicating that temperature plays an important role in determining the microbiota of swine manure. Clostridium, Turicibacter, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus within Firmicutes, and Corynebacterium within Actinobacteria were the most dominant genera in fresh manure and all stored samples. Conclusion Based on our findings, we propose Clostridium as an indicator genus of swine manure decomposition in an anaerobic environment. The proportions of dominant genera changed in samples stored at 20°C and 37°C during the fourth week. Based on these results, it was concluded that the microbial communities of swine manure change rapidly as storage time and temperature increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Soo Lim
- Animal Environment Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Seung Hak Yang
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang, 25340, Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, The University of Suwon, Suwon 18323, Korea
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Jung JY, Ahn Y, Khare S, Gokulan K, Piñeiro SA, Cerniglia CE. An in vitro study to assess the impact of tetracycline on the human intestinal microbiome. Anaerobe 2017; 49:85-94. [PMID: 29294359 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiome, a generally stable ecosystem, could be potentially altered by the ingestion of antimicrobial drug residues in foods derived from animals. Data and the scientific published literature on the effects of antimicrobial residues on the human intestinal microbiome are reviewed by national regulatory authorities as part of the human food safety evaluation of veterinary antimicrobial agents used in food-producing animals. In this study, we determined if tetracycline, at low residue concentrations, could impact the human intestinal microbiome structure and the resistance-gene profile, following acute and subchronic exposure. The effects of 0.15, 1.5, 15, and 150 μg/ml of tetracycline, after 24 h and 40 days of exposure, in 3% human fecal suspensions, collected from three individuals (A, B, and C) were investigated using in vitro batch cultures. Results were variable, with either no change or minor changes in total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies after exposure of fecal samples to tetracycline, because of the inter-individual variation of human gastrointestinal tract microbiota. Bacterial community analysis using rRNA-based pyrosequencing revealed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla in the three fecal samples; the ratio of phylotypes varied among individuals. The evaluation of bacterial community changes at the genus level, from control to tetracycline-treated fecal samples, suggested that tetracycline under the conditions of this study could lead to slight differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota. The genus Bacteroides (of the Bacteroidetes) was consistently altered from 1.68 to 5.70% and 4.82-8.22% at tetracycline concentrations of 0.15 μg/ml or above at both time points for individual A, respectively, and increased 5.13-13.50% and 10.92-22.18% for individual B, respectively. Clostridium family XI increased 3.50-25.34% in the presence of tetracycline at 40 days for individual C. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed the pyrosequencing findings of inter-individual variability of the ratio of phylotypes and the effect of tetracycline. Among the 23 tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs) screened, four tet genes (tetO, Q, W, and X) were major TRGs in control and tetracycline-dosed fecal samples. A variable to slight increase of copy number of TRGs appeared to be related to tetracycline treatment, interindividual variability and duration of exposure. Despite, the inherent variability of the intestinal microbiota observed among or within individuals, this pilot study contributes to the knowledge base of the impact of low residue concentrations of tetracycline on the human intestinal microbiome on the potential for antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Jung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Youngbeom Ahn
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Kuppan Gokulan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Silvia A Piñeiro
- Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. FDA, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carl E Cerniglia
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine whether enterotypes in the gut microbiome could be determined by clustering validity indexes and whether these enterotypes were associated with individual differences in temperament traits. METHODS Sixty healthy Korean participants (21 men; 27.5 [8.1] years, 39 women; 34.5 [14.3] years) were asked to answer 60 temperament questions (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence) from the Korean version of the Temperament and Character Inventory-125. The participants' stool samples were submitted, and relative operational taxonomic units were calculated using 16S rRNA gene-based microarrays. Differences between sexes and age-related effects on the temperament and operational taxonomic unit abundances were determined, and optimal clustering numbers related to enterotypes were examined using connectivity and silhouette width (SW) indexes. Finally, the differences in temperament between enterotypes were examined. RESULTS There was no significant effect of sex or age on gut microbiota and temperament scores. The hierarchical dendrogram, connectivity, and SW analysis indicated bimodal enterotypes. Bacteroidaceae were more abundant in enterotype 1 (46.24%, N = 45), whereas Prevotellaceae were more abundant in enterotype 2 (43.83%, n = 15). Among the four temperament dimensions, novelty seeking and reward dependence scores were higher in enterotype 1 (10.82 [2.99] and 8.07 [2.51] points) than in enterotype 2 (8.87 [2.42] and 5.73 [1.03] points). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest an association between temperament and enterotypes in healthy Korean adults. It is conceivable that this association may develop early in life as a result of biological processes catalyzed by the gut microbiota during infancy.
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Ko D, Yoo G, Yun ST, Jun SC, Chung H. Bacterial and fungal community composition across the soil depth profiles in a fallow field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41610-017-0053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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31
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Yang SH, Ahn HK, Kim BS, Chang SS, Chung KY, Lee EM, Ki KS, Kwon EG. Comparison of bacterial communities in leachate from decomposing bovine carcasses. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1660-1666. [PMID: 28920403 PMCID: PMC5666202 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Burial is associated with environmental effects such as the contamination of ground or surface water with biological materials generated during the decomposition process. Therefore, bacterial communities in leachates originating from the decomposing bovine carcasses were investigated. METHODS To understand the process of bovine (Hanwoo) carcass decomposition, we simulated burial using a lab-scale reactor with a volume of 5.15 m3. Leachate samples from 3 carcasses were collected using a peristaltic pump once a month for a period of 5 months, and bacterial communities in samples were identified by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS We obtained a total of 110,442 reads from the triplicate samples of various sampling time points (total of 15 samples), and found that the phylum Firmicutes was dominant at most sampling times. Differences in the bacterial communities at the various time points were observed among the triplicate samples. The bacterial communities sampled at 4 months showed the most different compositions. The genera Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter in the phylum Proteobacteria were dominant in all of the samples obtained after 3 months. Bacillaceae, Clostridium, and Clostridiales were found to be predominant after 4 months in the leachate from one carcass, whereas Planococcaceae was found to be a dominant in samples obtained at the first and second months from the other two carcasses. The results showed that potentially pathogenic microbes such as Clostridium derived from bovine leachate could dominate the soil environment of a burial site. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the composition of bacterial communities in leachates of a decomposing bovine shifted continuously during the experimental period, with significant changes detected after 4 months of burial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hak Yang
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea
| | - Hee Kwon Ahn
- Department of Animal Biosystems Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Bong Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Chang
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea
| | - Ki Yong Chung
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ki
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea
| | - Eung Gi Kwon
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea
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Ferrer M, Méndez-García C, Rojo D, Barbas C, Moya A. Antibiotic use and microbiome function. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 134:114-126. [PMID: 27641814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our microbiome should be understood as one of the most complex components of the human body. The use of β-lactam antibiotics is one of the microbiome covariates that influence its composition. The extent to which our microbiota changes after an antibiotic intervention depends not only on the chemical nature of the antibiotic or cocktail of antibiotics used to treat specific infections, but also on the type of administration, duration and dose, as well as the level of resistance that each microbiota develops. We have begun to appreciate that not all bacteria within our microbiota are vulnerable or reactive to different antibiotic interventions, and that their influence on both microbial composition and metabolism may differ. Antibiotics are being used worldwide on a huge scale and the prescription of antibiotics is continuing to rise; however, their effects on our microbiota have been reported for only a limited number of them. This article presents a critical review of the antibiotics or antibiotic cocktails whose use in humans has been linked to changes in the composition of our microbial communities, with a particular focus on the gut, oral, respiratory, skin and vaginal microbiota, and on their molecular agents (genes, proteins and metabolites). We review the state of the art as of June 2016, and cover a total of circa 68 different antibiotics. The data herein are the first to compile information about the bacteria, fungi, archaea and viruses most influenced by the main antibiotic treatments prescribed nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ferrer
- Institute of Catalysis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - David Rojo
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community Public Health (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Network Research Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva (Universidad de Valencia), Valencia, Spain.
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33
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Cerniglia CE, Pineiro SA, Kotarski SF. An update discussion on the current assessment of the safety of veterinary antimicrobial drug residues in food with regard to their impact on the human intestinal microbiome. Drug Test Anal 2017; 8:539-48. [PMID: 27443209 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract ecosystem consists of complex and diverse microbial communities that have now been collectively termed the intestinal microbiome. Recent scientific breakthroughs and research endeavours have increased our understanding of the important role the intestinal microbiome plays in human health and disease. The use of antimicrobial new animal drugs in food-producing animals may result in the presence of low levels of drug residues in edible foodstuffs. There is concern that antimicrobial new animal drugs in or on animal-derived food products at residue-level concentrations could disrupt the colonization barrier and/or modify the antimicrobial resistance profile of human intestinal bacteria. Therapeutic doses of antimicrobial drugs have been shown to promote shifts in the intestinal microbiome, and these disruptions promote the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. To assess the effects of antimicrobial new animal drug residues in food on human intestinal bacteria, many national regulatory agencies and international committees follow a harmonized process, VICH GL36(R), which was issued by a trilateral organization of the European Union, the USA, and Japan called the International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH). The guidance describes a general approach currently used by national regulatory agencies and international committees to assess the effects of antimicrobial new animal drug residues in animal-derived food on human intestinal bacteria. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of this current approach as part of the antimicrobial new animal drug approval process in participating countries, give insights on the microbiological endpoints used in this safety evaluation, and discuss the availability of new information. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl E Cerniglia
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Silvia A Pineiro
- Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. FDA, Rockville, MD, 20855, USA
| | - Susan F Kotarski
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
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Yun KH, Lee HS, Nam OH, Moon CY, Lee JH, Choi SC. Analysis of bacterial community profiles of endodontically infected primary teeth using pyrosequencing. Int J Paediatr Dent 2017; 27:56-65. [PMID: 26872127 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify the endodontic microbiome in primary teeth with dental caries using high-throughput pyrosequencing and to establish data on the oral microbiome of primary teeth with endodontic infection. METHODS Ten primary teeth with dental caries and endodontic infection were included. Samples were collected from root canals using sterilized paper points and analyzed by pyrosequencing, based on the V1-V3 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The data were analyzed using the CLcommunity software. RESULTS Analysis of the 10 samples yielded a total of 64,291 16S rRNA gene sequences. In total, 1586 OTUs (range, 91-235), six bacterial phyla, including unclassified, and 187 genera were assigned. At the genus level, Neisseria (group A), Acinetobacter (group B), and Fusobacterium (group C) were prominent. These predominant microorganisms were associated with the clinical condition and reflected the progression of endodontic infection in primary teeth. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a relationship between the oral microbiome and endodontic infection in primary teeth. Additionally, anaerobic bacteria such as Fusobacterium species were dominant in the teeth with apical abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Hee Yun
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Seol Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hyung Nam
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yang Moon
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, school of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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35
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Lee JY, Joung JY, Choi YS, Kim Y, Oh NS. Characterisation of microbial diversity and chemical properties of Cheddar cheese prepared from heat-treated milk. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Guidi LR, Santos FA, Ribeiro ACSR, Fernandes C, Silva LHM, Gloria MBA. A simple, fast and sensitive screening LC-ESI-MS/MS method for antibiotics in fish. Talanta 2016; 163:85-93. [PMID: 27886775 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and validate a fast, sensitive and simple liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the screening of six classes of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides and tetracyclines) in fish. Samples were extracted with trichloroacetic acid. LC separation was achieved on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column and gradient elution using 0.1% heptafluorobutyric acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phase. Analysis was carried out in multiple reaction monitoring mode via electrospray interface operated in the positive ionization mode, with sulfaphenazole as internal standard. The method was suitable for routine screening purposes of 40 antibiotics, according to EC Guidelines for the Validation of Screening Methods for Residues of Veterinary Medicines, taking into consideration threshold value, cut-off factor, detection capability, limit of detection, sensitivity and specificity. Real fish samples (n=193) from aquaculture were analyzed and 15% were positive for enrofloxacin (quinolone), one of them at a higher concentration than the level of interest (50µgkg-1), suggesting possible contamination or illegal use of that antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Rocha Guidi
- LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; LAMEFI - Laboratório de Medidas Físicas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio Alves Santos
- LANAGRO - Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, 33600-000 Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia S R Ribeiro
- LANAGRO - Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, 33600-000 Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil
| | - Christian Fernandes
- LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Produtos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiza H M Silva
- LAMEFI - Laboratório de Medidas Físicas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz A Gloria
- LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
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Oh NS, Joung JY, Lee JY, Kim SH, Kim Y. Characterization of the Microbial Diversity and Chemical Composition of Gouda Cheese Made by Potential Probiotic Strains as an Adjunct Starter Culture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7357-7366. [PMID: 27606488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized the microbial diversity and chemical properties of Gouda cheese made by probiotics during ripening periods. Lactobacillus plantarum H4 (H4) and Lactobacillus fermentum H9 (H9), which demonstrate probiotic properties and bioactivity, were used as adjunct starter cultures. Gouda cheese made with H4 (GCP1) and H9 (GCP2) demonstrated the highest production of formic acid and propionic acid, respectively. Moreover, the bacterial diversity, including richness and evenness of nonstarter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB), increased in probiotic cheeses. Specifically, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcaceae were present at higher concentrations in probiotic cheeses than in control Gouda cheese (GCC). The proportion of H4 in GCP1 increased and culminated at 1.76%, whereas H9 in GCP2 decreased during ripening. Peptide profiles were altered by the addition of probiotics and included various bioactive peptides. In particular, three peptide fragments are newly detected. Therefore, Gouda cheese could be used as an effective probiotic carrier for H4 and H9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Su Oh
- R&D Center, Seoul Dairy Cooperative , Ansan, Kyunggi 15407, South Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Joung
- R&D Center, Seoul Dairy Cooperative , Ansan, Kyunggi 15407, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- R&D Center, Seoul Dairy Cooperative , Ansan, Kyunggi 15407, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sae Hun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Institute of Milk Genomics, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju 54896, South Korea
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38
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Park JW, Kim HC, Meyer AS, Kim S, Maeng SK. Influences of NOM composition and bacteriological characteristics on biological stability in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 160:189-198. [PMID: 27376858 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The influences of natural organic matter (NOM) and bacteriological characteristics on the biological stability of water were investigated in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant. We found that prechlorination decreased the hydrophobicity of the organic matter and significantly increased the high-molecular-weight (MW) dissolved organic matter, such as biopolymers and humic substances. High-MW organic matter and structurally complex compounds are known to be relatively slowly biodegradable; however, because of the prechlorination step, the indigenous bacteria could readily utilise these fractions as assimilable organic carbon. Sequential coagulation and sedimentation resulted in the substantial removal of biopolymer (74%), humic substance (33%), bacterial cells (79%), and assimilable organic carbon (67%). Rapid sand and granular activated carbon filtration induced an increase in the low-nucleic-acid content bacteria; however, these bacteria were biologically less active in relation to enzymatic activity and ATP. The granular activated carbon step was essential to securing biological stability (the ability to prevent bacterial growth) by removing the residual assimilable organic carbon that had formed during the ozone treatment. The growth potential of Escherichia coli and indigenous bacteria were found to differ in respect to NOM characteristics. In comparison with E. coli, the indigenous bacteria utilised a broader range of NOM as a carbon source. Principal component analysis demonstrated that the measured biological stability of water could differ, depending on the NOM characteristics, as well as on the bacterial inoculum selected for the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Water Resources Research Institute, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sungpyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea; Program in Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Jo HJ, Kim J, Kim N, Park JH, Nam RH, Seok YJ, Kim YR, Kim JS, Kim JM, Kim JM, Lee DH, Jung HC. Analysis of Gastric Microbiota by Pyrosequencing: Minor Role of Bacteria Other Than Helicobacter pylori in the Gastric Carcinogenesis. Helicobacter 2016; 21:364-74. [PMID: 26915731 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the role of gastric microbiota except for Helicobacter pylori (HP) in human health and disease. We compared the differences of human gastric microbiota according to gastric cancer or control and HP infection status and assessed the role of bacteria other than HP. METHODS Gastric microbiota of 63 antral mucosal and 18 corpus mucosal samples were analyzed by bar-coded 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Antral samples were divided into four subgroups based on HP positivity in pyrosequencing and the presence of cancer. The analysis was focused on bacteria other than HP, especially nitrosating or nitrate-reducing bacteria (NB). The changes of NB in antral mucosa of 16 subjects were followed up. RESULTS The number of NB other than HP (non-HP-NB) was two times higher in the cancer groups than in the control groups, but it did not reach statistical significance. The number of non-HP-NB tends to increase over time, but this phenomenon was prevented by HP eradication in the HP-positive control group, but not in the HP-positive cancer group. CONCLUSION We could not find the significant role of bacteria other than HP in the gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yeong-Jae Seok
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Mogg Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- NAR Center, Inc., Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Chae Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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40
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Lee HS, Lee JH, Kim SO, Song JS, Kim BI, Kim YJ, Lee JH. Comparison of the oral microbiome of siblings using next-generation sequencing: a pilot study. Oral Dis 2016; 22:549-56. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H-S Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - JH Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics; College of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - S-O Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
- Oral Science Research Center; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - JS Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
- Oral Science Research Center; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - BI Kim
- Oral Science Research Center; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - YJ Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - J-H Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
- Oral Science Research Center; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
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41
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Kim KS, Hong SW, Han D, Yi J, Jung J, Yang BG, Lee JY, Lee M, Surh CD. Dietary antigens limit mucosal immunity by inducing regulatory T cells in the small intestine. Science 2016; 351:858-63. [PMID: 26822607 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac5560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dietary antigens are normally rendered nonimmunogenic through a poorly understood "oral tolerance" mechanism that involves immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells, especially Treg cells induced from conventional T cells in the periphery (pTreg cells). Although orally introducing nominal protein antigens is known to induce such pTreg cells, whether a typical diet induces a population of pTreg cells under normal conditions thus far has been unknown. By using germ-free mice raised and bred on an elemental diet devoid of dietary antigens, we demonstrated that under normal conditions, the vast majority of the small intestinal pTreg cells are induced by dietary antigens from solid foods. Moreover, these pTreg cells have a limited life span, are distinguishable from microbiota-induced pTreg cells, and repress underlying strong immunity to ingested protein antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Soon Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea. Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Hong
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea. Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Han
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea. Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeu Yi
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea. Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Jung
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea. Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Gie Yang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea. Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea. Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea. Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles D Surh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea. Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea. Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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42
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Van Vleck Pereira R, Lima S, Siler JD, Foditsch C, Warnick LD, Bicalho RC. Ingestion of Milk Containing Very Low Concentration of Antimicrobials: Longitudinal Effect on Fecal Microbiota Composition in Preweaned Calves. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147525. [PMID: 26808865 PMCID: PMC4726667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although antimicrobial drugs are central to combat disease in modern medicine, the use of these drugs can have undesired consequences for human and animal health. One consequence is the post-therapy excretion of pharmacological agents, such as the elimination of drug residues at very low concentrations in the milk of lactating mammals. Limited information is currently available on the impact from the exposure of the gut microbiota to drug residues using in vivo natural models. The objective of our study was to address this knowledge gap and evaluate the effect on the fecal microbiota composition from feeding preweaned dairy calves raw milk with residual concentrations of ampicillin, ceftiofur, penicillin, and oxytetracycline from birth to weaning. At birth, thirty calves were randomly assigned to a controlled feeding trial where: 15 calves were fed raw milk with no drug residues (NR), and 15 calves were fed raw milk with drug residues (DR) by adding ceftiofur, penicillin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline at final concentrations in the milk of 0.1, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.3 μg/ml, respectively. Fecal samples were rectally collected from each calf once a week starting at birth, prior to the first feeding in the trial (pre-treatment), until 6 weeks of age. Sequencing of the microbial 16S rRNA genes was conducted using the Illumina MiSeq, which provides a high resolution of the microbiota down to the genus level. Discriminant analysis showed that, except for pre-treatment samples, calves fed milk with drug residues and calves fed milk without drug residues easily discriminated at the genus level on their weekly microbial profile. However, analysis comparing the abundance of taxon between NR and DR showed significant differences only at the genus levels, and not at the phylum, class, order or family levels. These results suggest that although drug residues can result in clear discriminate gut microbial communities, they do not result in disruption of taxonomic levels above the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Van Vleck Pereira
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences. College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Lima
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences. College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Julie D. Siler
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences. College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Carla Foditsch
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences. College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Lorin D. Warnick
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences. College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo Carvalho Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences. College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
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Yang SH, Lim JS, Khan MA, Kim BS, Choi DY, Lee EY, Ahn HK. High-throughput nucleotide sequence analysis of diverse bacterial communities in leachates of decomposing pig carcasses. Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:373-80. [PMID: 26500442 PMCID: PMC4612598 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738320140252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The leachate generated by the decomposition of animal carcass has been implicated as an environmental contaminant surrounding the burial site. High-throughput nucleotide sequencing was conducted to investigate the bacterial communities in leachates from the decomposition of pig carcasses. We acquired 51,230 reads from six different samples (1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 14 week-old carcasses) and found that sequences representing the phylum Firmicutes predominated. The diversity of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences in the leachate was the highest at 6 weeks, in contrast to those at 2 and 14 weeks. The relative abundance of Firmicutes was reduced, while the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria increased from 3–6 weeks. The representation of phyla was restored after 14 weeks. However, the community structures between the samples taken at 1–2 and 14 weeks differed at the bacterial classification level. The trend in pH was similar to the changes seen in bacterial communities, indicating that the pH of the leachate could be related to the shift in the microbial community. The results indicate that the composition of bacterial communities in leachates of decomposing pig carcasses shifted continuously during the study period and might be influenced by the burial site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hak Yang
- Animal Nutrition Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Joung Soo Lim
- Animal Environment Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Modabber Ahmed Khan
- Animal Environment Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Bong Soo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Dong Yoon Choi
- Animal Environment Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Suwon University, South Korea
| | - Hee Kwon Ahn
- Department of Animal Biosystems Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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44
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Hu HJ, Park SG, Jang HB, Choi MG, Park KH, Kang JH, Park SI, Lee HJ, Cho SH. Obesity Alters the Microbial Community Profile in Korean Adolescents. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134333. [PMID: 26230509 PMCID: PMC4521691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing public health concern worldwide. According to the latest Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report (2014), the incidence of child obesity in Korea has exceeded the OECD average. To better understand and control this condition, the present study examined the composition of the gut microbial community in normal and obese adolescents. Fecal samples were collected from 67 obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2, or ≥ 99th BMI percentile) and 67 normal (BMI < 25 kg/m2 or < 85th BMI percentile) Korean adolescents aged 13–16 years and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Analysis of bacterial composition according to taxonomic rank (genus, family, and phylum) revealed marked differences in the Bacteroides and Prevotella populations in normal and obese samples (p < 0.005) at the genus and family levels; however, there was no difference in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio between normal and obese adolescents samples at the phylum level (F/B normal = 0.50 ± 0.53; F/B obese = 0.56 ± 0.86; p = 0.384). Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the compositions of several bacterial taxa and child obesity. Among these, Bacteroides and Prevotella showed the most significant association with BMI (p < 0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). We also found that the composition of Bacteroides was negatively associated with triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-crp) (p = 0.0049, 0.0023, and 0.0038, respectively) levels, whereas that of Prevotella was positively associated with TG and hs-crp levels (p = 0.0394 and 0.0150, respectively). We then applied the association rule mining algorithm to generate “rules” to identify the association between the populations of multiple bacterial taxa and obesity; these rules were able to discriminate obese from normal states. Therefore, the present study describes a systemic approach to identify the association between bacterial populations in the gut and childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jin Hu
- TheragenEtex Bio Institute Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Gi Park
- TheragenEtex Bio Institute Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Byul Jang
- Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Gangnam, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Heon Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Obesity Research Institute, Seoul Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ick Park
- Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ja Lee
- Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SHC); (HJL)
| | - Seung-Hak Cho
- Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Heungdeok-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SHC); (HJL)
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Unno T, Choi JH, Hur HG, Sadowsky MJ, Ahn YT, Huh CS, Kim GB, Cha CJ. Changes in human gut microbiota influenced by probiotic fermented milk ingestion. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:3568-76. [PMID: 25864056 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of consuming probiotic fermented milk (PFM) on the microbial community structure in the human intestinal tract by using high-throughput barcoded pyrosequencing. Six healthy adults ingested 2 servings of PFM daily for 3 wk, and their fecal microbiota were analyzed before and after 3 wk of PFM ingestion period and for another 3 wk following the termination of PFM ingestion (the noningestion period). Fecal microbial communities were characterized by sequencing of the V1-V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. All subjects showed a similar pattern of microbiota at the phylum level, where the relative abundance of Bacteriodetes species increased during the PFM ingestion period and decreased during the noningestion period. The increase in Bacteroidetes was found to be due to an increase in members of the families Bacteroidaceae or Prevotellaceae. In contrast to PFM-induced adaptation at the phylum level, the taxonomic composition at the genus level showed a considerable alteration in fecal microbiota induced by PFM ingestion. As revealed by analysis of operational taxonomic units (OTU), the numbers of shared OTU were low among the 3 different treatments (before, during, and after PFM ingestion), but the abundance of the shared OTU was relatively high, indicating that the majority (>77.8%) of total microbiota was maintained by shared OTU during PFM ingestion and after its termination. Our results suggest that PFM consumption could alter microbial community structure in the gastrointestinal tract of adult humans while maintaining the stability of microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Unno
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hor-Gil Hur
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate; and BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - Young-Tae Ahn
- R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co. Ltd., Yongin 446-901, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Sung Huh
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Jun Cha
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Republic of Korea.
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Lee SA, Lim JY, Kim BS, Cho SJ, Kim NY, Kim OB, Kim Y. Comparison of the gut microbiota profile in breast-fed and formula-fed Korean infants using pyrosequencing. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 9:242-8. [PMID: 26060535 PMCID: PMC4460055 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.3.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Feeding in infancy is the most significant determinant of the intestinal microbiota in early life. The aim of this study was to determine the gut microbiota of Korean infants and compare the microbiota obtained between breast-fed and formula-fed Korean infants. SUBJECTS/METHODS We analyzed the microbial communities in fecal samples collected from twenty 4-week old Korean (ten samples in each breast-fed or formula-fed) infants using pyrosequencing. RESULTS The fecal microbiota of the 4-week-old Korean infants consisted of the three phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. In addition, five species, including Bifidocbacterium longum, Streptococcus salivarius, Strepotococcus lactarius, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, and Lactobacillus gasseri were common commensal intestinal microbiota in all infants. The predominant intestinal microbiota in the breast-fed infants (BFI) included the phylum Actinobacteria (average 70.55%), family Bifidobacteriacea (70.12%), genus Bifidobacterium (70.03%) and species Bifidobacterium longum (69.96%). In the microbiota from the formula-fed infants (FFI), the proportion of the phylum Actinobacteria (40.68%) was less, whereas the proportions of Firmicutes (45.38%) and Proteobacteria (13.85%) as well as the diversity of each taxonomic level were greater, compared to those of the BFI. The probiotic species found in the 4-week-old Korean infants were Bifidobacterium longum, Streptococcus salivarius, and Lactobacillus gasseri. These probiotic species accounted for 93.81% of the microbiota from the BFI, while only 63.80% of the microbiota from the FFI. In particular, B. longum was more abundant in BFI (69.96%) than in FFI (34.17%). CONCLUSIONS Breast milk supports the growth of B. longum and inhibits others. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first attempt to analyze the gut microbiota of healthy Korean infants according to the feeding type using pyrosequencing. Our data can be used as a basis for further studies to investigate the development of intestinal microbiota with aging and disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang A Lee
- The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Ji Ye Lim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Kim
- ChunLab, Inc. Seoul 151-742, Korea. ; Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Gangwon 200-702, Korea
| | - Su Jin Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Nak Yon Kim
- Arante Women's Hospital, Seoul 150-836, Korea
| | - Ok Bin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Global Top 5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. ; Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Moon JH, Lee JH, Lee JY. Subgingival microbiome in smokers and non-smokers in Korean chronic periodontitis patients. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 30:227-41. [PMID: 25283067 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is a major environmental factor associated with periodontal diseases. However, we still have a very limited understanding of the relationship between smoking and subgingival microflora in the global population. Here, we investigated the composition of subgingival bacterial communities from the pooled plaque samples of smokers and non-smokers, 134 samples in each group, in Korean patients with moderate chronic periodontitis using 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing. A total of 17,927 reads were analyzed and classified into 12 phyla, 126 genera, and 394 species. Differences in bacterial communities between smokers and non-smokers were examined at all phylogenetic levels. The genera Fusobacterium, Fretibacterium, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Corynebacterium, TM7, and Filifactor were abundant in smokers. On the other hand, Prevotella, Campylobacter, Aggregatibacter, Veillonellaceae GQ422718, Haemophilus, and Prevotellaceae were less abundant in smokers. Among species-level taxa occupying > 1% of whole subgingival microbiome of smokers, higher abundance (≥ 2.0-fold compared to non-smokers) of seven species or operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was found: Fusobacterium nucleatum, Neisseria sicca, Neisseria oralis, Corynebacterium matruchotii, Veillonella dispar, Filifactor alocis, and Fretibacterium AY349371. On the other hand, lower abundance of 11 species or OTUs was found in smokers: Neisseria elongata, six Prevotella species or OTUs, Fusobacterium canifelinum, Aggregatibacter AM420165, Selenomonas OTU, and Veillonellaceae GU470897. Species richness and evenness were similar between the groups whereas diversity was greater in smokers than non-smokers. Collectively, the results of the present study indicate that differences exist in the subgingival bacterial community between smoker and non-smoker patients with chronic moderate periodontitis in Korea, suggesting that cigarette smoking considerably affects subgingival bacterial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Moon
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Suh SS, Park M, Hwang J, Lee S, Chung Y, Lee TK. Distinct patterns of marine bacterial communities in the South and North Pacific Oceans. J Microbiol 2014; 52:834-41. [PMID: 25269604 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-4287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The study of oceanic microbial communities is crucial for our understanding of the role of microbes in terms of biomass, diversity and ecosystem function. In this study, 16S rRNA gene tag pyrosequencing was used to investigate change in bacterial community structure between summer and winter water masses from Gosung Bay in the South Sea of Korea and Chuuk in Micronesia, located in the North and South Pacific Oceans, respectively. Summer and winter sampling from each water mass revealed highly diverse bacterial communities, containing ~900 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). The microbial distribution and highly heterogeneous composition observed at both sampling sites were different from those of most macroorganisms. The bacterial communities in the seawater at both sites were most abundant in Proteobacteria during the summer in Gosung and in Bacterioidetes during the winter. The proportion of Cyanobacteria was higher in summer than in winter in Chuuk and similar in Gosung. Additionally, the microbial community during summer in Gosung was significantly different from other communities observed based on the unweighted UniFrac distance. These data suggest that in both oceanic areas sampled, the bacterial communities had distinct distribution patterns with spatially- and temporally-heterogeneous distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Suk Suh
- South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 656-830, Republic of Korea
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Yang HJ, Lee SY, Suh DI, Shin YH, Kim BJ, Seo JH, Chang HY, Kim KW, Ahn K, Shin YJ, Lee KS, Lee CM, Oh SY, Kim H, Leem JH, Kim HC, Kim EJ, Lee JS, Hong SJ. The Cohort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases (COCOA) study: design, rationale and methods. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14:109. [PMID: 24990471 PMCID: PMC4099383 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes the background, aim, and design of a prospective birth-cohort study in Korea called the COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases (COCOA). COCOA objectives are to investigate the individual and interactive effects of genetics, perinatal environment, maternal lifestyle, and psychosocial stress of mother and child on pediatric susceptibility to allergic diseases. METHODS/DESIGN The participants in COCOA represents a Korean inner-city population. Recruitment started on 19 November, 2007 and will continue until 31 December, 2015. Recruitment is performed at five medical centers and eight public-health centers for antenatal care located in Seoul. Participating mother-baby pairs are followed from before birth to adolescents. COCOA investigates whether the following five environmental variables contribute causally to the development and natural course of allergic diseases: (1) perinatal indoor factors (i.e. house-dust mite, bacterial endotoxin, tobacco smoking, and particulate matters 2.5 and 10), (2) perinatal outdoor pollutants, (3) maternal prenatal psychosocial stress and the child's neurodevelopment, (4) perinatal nutrition, and (5) perinatal microbiome. Cord blood and blood samples from the child are used to assess whether the child's genes and epigenetic changes influence allergic-disease susceptibility. Thus, COCOA aims to investigate the contributions of genetics, epigenetics, and various environmental factors in early life to allergic-disease susceptibility in later life. How these variables interact to shape allergic-disease susceptibility is also a key aim.The COCOA data collection schedule includes 11 routine standardized follow-up assessments of all children at 6 months and every year until 10 years of age, regardless of allergic-disease development. The mothers will complete multiple questionnaires to assess the baseline characteristics, the child's exposure to environmental factors, maternal pre- and post-natal psychological stress, and the child's neurodevelopment, nutritional status, and development of allergic and respiratory illnesses. The child's microbiome, genes, epigenetics, plasma cytokine levels, and neuropsychological status, the microbiome of the residence, and the levels of indoor and outdoor pollutants are measured by standard procedures. DISCUSSION The COCOA study will improve our understanding of how individual genetic or environmental risk factors influence susceptibility to allergic disease and how these variables interact to shape the phenotype of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Ju Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korean Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Yoon Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Diseases, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, 760, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yee-Jin Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hanshin University, Osan, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Lee
- Institute of Environmental and Industrial Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Young Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Han Leem
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Allergy TF, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Yeonjae-ri, Osong-eup, Cheongwon, 363-951, Korea
| | - Joo-Shil Lee
- Allergy TF, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Yeonjae-ri, Osong-eup, Cheongwon, 363-951, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Diseases, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, 760, Korea
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Lee SY, Yu J, Ahn KM, Kim KW, Shin YH, Lee KS, Hong SA, Jung YH, Lee E, Yang SI, Seo JH, Kwon JW, Kim BJ, Kim HB, Kim WK, Song DJ, Jang GC, Shim JY, Lee SY, Kwon JY, Choi SJ, Lee KJ, Park HJ, Won HS, Yoo HS, Kang MJ, Kim HY, Hong SJ. Additive effect between IL-13 polymorphism and cesarean section delivery/prenatal antibiotics use on atopic dermatitis: a birth cohort study (COCOA). PLoS One 2014; 9:e96603. [PMID: 24848505 PMCID: PMC4029558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although cesarean delivery and prenatal exposure to antibiotics are likely to affect the gut microbiome in infancy, their effect on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy is unclear. The influence of individual genotypes on these relationships is also unclear. To evaluate with a prospective birth cohort study whether cesarean section, prenatal exposure to antibiotics, and susceptible genotypes act additively to promote the development of AD in infancy. Methods The Cohort for Childhood of Asthma and Allergic Diseases (COCOA) was selected from the general Korean population. A pediatric allergist assessed 412 infants for the presence of AD at 1 year of age. Their cord blood DNA was subjected to interleukin (IL)-13 (rs20541) and cluster-of-differentiation (CD)14 (rs2569190) genotype analysis. Results The combination of cesarean delivery and prenatal exposure to antibiotics associated significantly and positively with AD (adjusted odds ratio, 5.70; 95% CI, 1.19–27.3). The association between cesarean delivery and AD was significantly modified by parental history of allergic diseases or risk-associated IL-13 (rs20541) and CD14 (rs2569190) genotypes. There was a trend of interaction between IL-13 (rs20541) and delivery mode with respect to the subsequent risk of AD. (P for interaction = 0.039) Infants who were exposed prenatally to antibiotics and were born by cesarean delivery had a lower total microbiota diversity in stool samples at 6 months of age than the control group. As the number of these risk factors increased, the AD risk rose (trend p<0.05). Conclusion Cesarean delivery and prenatal antibiotic exposure may affect the gut microbiota, which may in turn influence the risk of AD in infants. These relationships may be shaped by the genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jinho Yu
- Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Mo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Seo Ah Hong
- Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-ho Jung
- Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song-I Yang
- Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-hee Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byoung-Ju Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Bin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Jin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwang Cheon Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ja-Young Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Joo Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ju Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pochon CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pochon CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Sung Won
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Yoo
- The Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Kang
- The Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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