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Lind V, Sizmaz Ö, Demirtas A, Sudagidan M, Weldon S, Budai A, O'Toole A, Miladinovic DD, Jørgensen GM. Biochar effect on sheep feed intake, growth rate and ruminant in vitro and in vivo methane production. Animal 2024; 18:101195. [PMID: 38850574 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Biochar, which is the product of biomass pyrolysis, has been suggested as a feed supplement to improve performance in livestock systems and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of the current study was to investigate in vitro and in vivo potential of biochar to favourably modify rumen fermentation (e.g., an increase in total Short Chained Fatty Acid (SCFA) concentration and a change in SCFA profile), reduce methane emission and increase sheep growth performance. Four concentrates were produced with biochar inclusion of 0, 10, 23 and 46 g/kg DM. The experimental diets for the in vitro experiments consisted of straw and concentrate in a 60:40 ratio and included measurements of total gas and methane (CH4) production, pH, ammonia nitrogen, SCFA, and microbial assays (total bacteria and methanogenic archaea). Two in vivo experiments were performed where the animals received ad libitum forage with 0.4 kg concentrate daily. Experiment 1 investigated the daily DM intake of sheep while experiment 2 investigated daily growth rate and CH4 emission of lambs. The inclusion of biochar had no impact on in vitro total gas production (ml/200 mg DM substrate) (P = 0.81) and CH4 production (ml/200 mg DM substrate) (P = 0.93). In vitro total SCFA concentration increased (P < 0.05) while acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) tended to decrease (P = 0.05) with both doses of biochar. Total bacteria decreased with the highest biochar inclusion in vitro (P < 0.05). Sheep's DM intake (kg/d) increased when low and medium levels but not when a higher level of biochar was added to the diet (P < 0.001). The inclusion of biochar did not significantly impact the lamb's daily growth rate (g/d) (P = 0.61) or enteric CH4 emissions (g/kg DM) (P = 0.43). We conclude that biochar supplementation had no favourable impacts on in vitro and in vivo CH4 production or on lamb's growth rate. Further research with well-characterised biochar is needed to gain a better understanding of the potential of biochar as a feed additive for ruminant livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lind
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, N-1431 Aas, Norway.
| | - Ö Sizmaz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dep. Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, 06110 Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Demirtas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15030 Burdur, Turkey
| | - M Sudagidan
- KIT-ARGEM R&D Center, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Meram 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - S Weldon
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, N-1431 Aas, Norway
| | - A Budai
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, N-1431 Aas, Norway
| | - A O'Toole
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, N-1431 Aas, Norway
| | - D D Miladinovic
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, 1430 Aas, Norway
| | - G M Jørgensen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, N-1431 Aas, Norway
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Andrés S, Gini C, Ceciliani F, Gutiérrez-Expósito D, Arteche-Villasol N, Martín A, Cremonesi P, Faré F, Ghaffari MH, Giráldez FJ, Abdennebi-Najar L. Essential oil supplementation in milk replacers: short- and long-term impacts on feed efficiency, the faecal microbiota and the plasma metabolome in dairy calves. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2024; 15:e5. [PMID: 38563206 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174424000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Early supplementation with oregano essential oil (EO) in milk replacer (MR) may improve growth, immune responses, the microbiota and the metabolome in dairy calves during pre-weaning and in adulthood. Sixteen female dairy calves (3 days of age) were divided in two groups (n = 8/group): the control group (no EO) and the EO group (0.23 ml of EO in MR during 45 days). After weaning, calves were kept in a feedlot and fed ad libitum. The animals were weighed, and blood and faecal samples were collected on days 3 (T0), 45 (T1) and 370 (T2) to measure the biochemical profile and characterise peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD21+ and WC1+), the metabolome and microbiota composition. The EO group only had greater average daily weight gain during the suckling (EO supplementation) period (P = 0.030). The EO group showed higher average CD14+ population (monocytes) values, a lower abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Alloprevotella and increased abundances of Allistipes and Akkermansia. The modification of some metabolites in plasma, such as butyric acid, 3-indole-propionic acid and succinic acid, particularly at T1, are consistent with intestinal microbiota changes. The data suggest that early EO supplementation increases feed efficiency only during the suckling period with notable changes in the microbiota and plasma metabolome; however, not all of these changes can be considered desirable from a gut health point of view. Additional research studies is required to demonstrate that EOs are a viable natural alternative to antibiotics for improving calf growth performance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Andrés
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - Chiara Gini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Noive Arteche-Villasol
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Alba Martín
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, IBBA-CNR, Milano, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Faré
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Morteza Hosseini Ghaffari
- Institute for Animal Science Physiology Unit, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - F Javier Giráldez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - Latifa Abdennebi-Najar
- Quality and Health Department, IDELE Institute, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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Lambo MT, Ma H, Liu R, Dai B, Zhang Y, Li Y. Review: Mechanism, effectiveness, and the prospects of medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds in lowering ruminants' enteric methane emission. Animal 2024; 18:101134. [PMID: 38593679 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal nutritionists continue to investigate new strategies to combat the challenge of methane emissions from ruminants. Medicinal plants (MPs) are known to be beneficial to animal health and exert functional roles in livestock due to their phytogenic compounds with antimicrobial, immunostimulatory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. Some MP has been reported to be anti-methanogenic and can effectively lower ruminants' enteric methane emissions. This review overviews trends in MP utilization in ruminants, their bioactivity and their effectiveness in lowering enteric methane production. It highlights the MP regulatory mechanism and the gaps that must be critically addressed to improve its efficacy. MP could reduce enteric methane production by up to 8-50% by regulating the rumen fermentation pathway, directing hydrogen toward propionogenesis, and modifying rumen diversity, structure, and population of the methanogens and protozoa. Yet, factors such as palatability, extraction techniques, and economic implications must be further considered to exploit their potential fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Lambo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - H Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - R Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - B Dai
- College of Electrical Engineering and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Y Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Machado M, Cruz F, Cunha A, Ramos-Pinto L, Laranjeira A, Pacheco M, Rocha RJM, Costas B. Dietary Salicornia ramosissima improves the European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) inflammatory response against Photobacterium damselae piscicida. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342144. [PMID: 38500885 PMCID: PMC10944916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Modern fish farming faces challenges in sourcing feed ingredients, most related with their prices, 21 availability, and specifically for plant protein sources, competition for the limited cultivation space for 22 vegetable crops. In that sense, halophytes have the added value of being rich in valuable bioactive compounds and salt tolerant. This study assessed the inclusion of non-food fractions of S. ramosissima in European seabass diets. Methods Different levels (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) were incorporated into seabass diets, replacing wheat meal (diets ST2.5, ST5, and ST10) or without inclusion (CTRL). Experimental diets were administered to seabass juveniles (8.62 ± 0.63 g) for 34 and 62 days and subsequent inflammatory responses to a heat-inactivated Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) were evaluated in a time-course manner (4, 24, 48, and 72 h after the challenge). At each sampling point, seabass haematological profile, plasma immune parameters, and head-kidney immune-related gene expression were evaluated. Results After both feeding periods, most parameters remained unaltered by S. ramosissima inclusion; nonetheless, seabass fed ST10 showed an upregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor 1 (mcsf1r1) and cluster of differentiation 8 (cd8β) compared with those fed CTRL after 62 days of feeding. Regarding the inflammatory response, seabass fed ST10 showed lower plasma lysozyme levels than their counterparts fed ST2.5 and ST5 at 24 h following injection, while 4 h after the inflammatory stimulus, seabass fed ST10 presented higher numbers of peritoneal leucocytes than fish fed CTRL. Moreover, at 4 h, fish fed ST2.5, ST5, and ST10 showed a higher expression of interleukin 1β (il1β), while fish fed ST5 showed higher levels of ornithine decarboxylase (odc) than those fed CTRL. An upregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor 1 (mcsf1r1) and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) was also observed at 72 h in fish fed ST10 or ST5 and ST10 compared with CTRL, respectively. Discussion In conclusion, incorporating up to 10% of the non-food fraction S. ramosissima in feed did not compromise seabass growth or immune status after 62 days, aligning with circular economy principles. However, S. ramosissima inclusion improved the leucocyte response and upregulated key immune-related genes in seabass challenged with an inactivated pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Machado
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Francisco Cruz
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar de Peniche, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - André Cunha
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lourenço Ramos-Pinto
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | | | - Mário Pacheco
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Benjamín Costas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Yu S, Zhao Y, Li L, Zhao H, Liu M, Jiang L. Flavonoids from citrus peel display potential synergistic effects on inhibiting rumen methanogenesis and ammoniagenesis: a microbiome perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21208-21223. [PMID: 38383931 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids have been recognized as potential phytochemicals to reduce enteric methane (CH4) production and improve rumen nitrogen efficiency in ruminants. We evaluated whether naringin, hesperidin, their combination, or a mixed citrus flavonoid extract (CFE) as additives can inhibit methanogenesis and ammoniagenesis in dairy cows using an in vitro rumen batch refermentation system. The rumen inocula from dairy cows were incubated in batch cultures with five groups: no addition (CON), hesperidin (20 g/kg DM), naringin (20 g/kg DM), hesperidin + naringin (10 g/kg DM of hesperidin + 10 g/kg DM of naringin), and CFE (20 g/kg DM). The combination of naringin plus hesperidin and CFE achieved greater reductions in CH4 and ammonia production compared to either naringin or hesperidin alone. Microbiome analysis revealed that the decrease in CH4 emissions may have been caused by both the direct inhibitory impact of citrus flavonoids on Methanobrevibacter and a simultaneous decrease in protozoa Isotricha abundance. The relatively lower proportion of Entodinium in naringin plus hesperidin or CFE was responsible for the lower ammonia concentration. These results suggest that citrus flavonoids possess potential synergistic effects on mitigating ruminal CH4 emissions by cows and improving nitrogen utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No.7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuchao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No.7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liuxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No.7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No.7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No.7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No.7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Niu X, Xing Y, Wang J, Bai L, Xie Y, Zhu S, Sun M, Yang J, Li D, Liu Y. Effects of Caragana korshinskii tannin on fermentation, methane emission, community of methanogens, and metabolome of rumen in sheep. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1334045. [PMID: 38426060 PMCID: PMC10902071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1334045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of dietary supplementation of Caragana korshinskii tannin (CKT) on rumen fermentation, methane emission, methanogen community and metabolome in rumen of sheep. A total of 15 crossbred sheep of the Dumont breed with similar body conditions, were divided into three groups (n = 5), which were fed with CKT addition at 0, 2 and 4%/kg DM. The study spanned a total of 74 days, with a 14-day period dedicated to adaptation and a subsequent 60-day period for conducting treatments. The results indicated that the levels of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and acetate were reduced (p < 0.05) in rumen sheep fed with 2 and 4% CKT; The crude protein (CP) digestibility of sheep in 2 and 4% CKT groups was decreased(p < 0.05); while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was increased (p < 0.05) in 4% CKT group. Furthermore, the supplementation of CKT resulted in a decrease (p < 0.05) in daily CH4 emissions from sheep by reducing the richness and diversity of ruminal methanogens community, meanwhile decreasing (p < 0.05) concentrations of tyramine that contribute to methane synthesis and increasing (p < 0.05) concentrations of N-methy-L-glutamic acid that do not contribute to CH4 synthesis. However, CH4 production of DMI, OMI, NDFI and metabolic weight did not differ significantly across the various treatments. To sum up, the addition of 4% CKT appeared to be a viable approach for reducing CH4 emissions from sheep without no negative effects. These findings suggest that CKT hold promise in mitigating methane emissions of ruminant. Further investigation is required to evaluate it effectiveness in practical feeding strategies for livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Niu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanyaun Xing
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingyao Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lili Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongfang Xie
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shouqian Zhu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Dabiao Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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7
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Ricci S, Pacífico C, Kreuzer-Redmer S, Castillo-Lopez E, Rivera-Chacon R, Sener-Aydemir A, Rossi G, Galosi L, Biagini L, Schwartz-Zimmermann HE, Berthiller F, Reisinger N, Petri RM, Zebeli Q. Integrated microbiota-host-metabolome approaches reveal adaptive ruminal changes to prolonged high-grain feeding and phytogenic supplementation in cattle. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae006. [PMID: 38281064 PMCID: PMC10858391 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in readily fermentable carbohydrates primarily impact microbial composition and activity, but can also impair the ruminal epithelium barrier function. By combining microbiota, metabolome, and gene expression analysis, we evaluated the impact of feeding a 65% concentrate diet for 4 weeks, with or without a phytogenic feed additive (PFA), on the rumen ecosystem of cattle. The breaking point for rumen health seemed to be the second week of high grain (HG) diet, with a dysbiosis characterized by reduced alpha diversity. While we did not find changes in histological evaluations, genes related with epithelial proliferation (IGF-1, IGF-1R, EGFR, and TBP) and ZO-1 were affected by the HG feeding. Integrative analyses allowed us to define the main drivers of difference for the rumen ecosystem in response to a HG diet, identified as ZO-1, MyD88, and genus Prevotella 1. PFA supplementation reduced the concentration of potentially harmful compounds in the rumen (e.g. dopamine and 5-aminovaleric acid) and increased the tolerance of the epithelium toward the microbiota by altering the expression of TLR-2, IL-6, and IL-10. The particle-associated rumen liquid microbiota showed a quicker adaptation potential to prolonged HG feeding compared to the other microenvironments investigated, especially by the end of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ricci
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cátia Pacífico
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Kreuzer-Redmer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ezequias Castillo-Lopez
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Raul Rivera-Chacon
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arife Sener-Aydemir
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Lucia Biagini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Heidi E Schwartz-Zimmermann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Nicole Reisinger
- dsm-firmenich,
Animal Health and Nutrition R&D Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Renee M Petri
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,
Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Matra M, Phupaboon S, Totakul P, Prommachart R, Shah AA, Shah AM, Wanapat M. Microencapsulation of Mitragyna leaf extracts to be used as a bioactive compound source to enhance in vitro fermentation characteristics and microbial dynamics. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:74-83. [PMID: 37946435 PMCID: PMC10766463 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitragyna speciosa Korth is traditionally used in Thailand. They have a high level of antioxidant capacities and bioactive compounds, the potential to modulate rumen fermentation and decrease methane production. The aim of the study was to investigate the different levels of microencapsulated-Mitragyna leaves extracts (MMLE) supplementation on nutrient degradability, rumen ecology, microbial dynamics, and methane production in an in vitro study. METHODS A completely randomized design was used to assign the experimental treatments, MMLE was supplemented at 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of the total dry matter (DM) substrate. RESULTS The addition of MMLE significantly increased in vitro dry matter degradability both at 12, 24, and 48 h, while ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration was improved with MMLE supplementation. The MMLE had the greatest propionate and total volatile fatty acid production when added with 6% of total DM substrate, while decreased the methane production (12, 24, and 48 h). Furthermore, the microbial population of cellulolytic bacteria and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens were increased, whilst Methanobacteriales was decreased with MMLE feeding. CONCLUSION The results indicated that MMLE could be a potential alternative plant-based bioactive compound supplement to be used as ruminant feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharach Matra
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
| | - Srisan Phupaboon
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
| | - Pajaree Totakul
- Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12130,
Thailand
| | - Ronnachai Prommachart
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology, Tawan-Ok 20110,
Thailand
| | - Assar Ali Shah
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
| | - Ali Mujtaba Shah
- Department of Livestock Production, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sakrand 67210, Sindh,
Pakistan
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
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9
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Kholif AE, Gouda GA, Fahmy M, Morsy TA, Abdelsattar MM, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E. Fennel seeds dietary inclusion as a sustainable approach to reduce methane production and improve nutrient utilization and ruminal fermentation. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13910. [PMID: 38221575 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Ruminants are considered a major producer of methane (CH4 ). Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the ability of dry fennel seeds to affect in vitro gas production and fermentation. Fennel seeds were included at 0% (Control), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% DM of a diet containing per kg DM: 500 g concentrate feed mixture, 400 g berseem hay, and 100 g of rice straw. The incubations lasted 48 h. Fennel seeds increased (P < 0.001) the asymptotic gas production and decreased its rate, while decreasing the production and proportion of CH4 (P < 0.05) and increased its rate. Moreover, fennel seed increased DM and neutral detergent fiber (P < 0.01) degradability, and increased total production of short-chain fatty acids, acetate, and propionate (P < 0.05). Compared to the control, fennel seeds increased (P < 0.01) metabolizable energy, partitioning factor, and microbial crude protein production. Overall, fennel seeds can be included up to 2% DM in ruminant diets as an environmentally friendly product in animal farming due to its ability to improve feed utilization, ruminal fermentation and while reducing CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Kholif
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gouda A Gouda
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Fahmy
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tarek A Morsy
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Abdelsattar
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
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10
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Martins LF, Cueva SF, Silvestre T, Stepanchenko N, Wasson DE, Wall E, Hristov AN. Lactational performance, enteric methane emission, and nutrient utilization of dairy cows supplemented with botanicals. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:242-257. [PMID: 38220436 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate lactational performance, enteric gas emissions, ruminal fermentation, nutrient use efficiency, milk fatty acid profile, and energy and inflammatory markers in blood of peak-lactation dairy cows fed diets supplemented with Capsicum oleoresin or a combination of Capsicum oleoresin and clove oil. A 10-wk randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with 18 primiparous and 30 multiparous Holstein cows. Cows were blocked based on parity, days in milk, and milk yield (MY), and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (16 cows/treatment): (1) basal diet (CON); (2) basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/cow per day of Capsicum oleoresin (CAP); and (3) basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/cow per day of a combination of Capsicum oleoresin and clove oil (CAPCO). Premixes containing ground corn (CON), CAP, or CAPCO were mixed daily with the basal diet at 0.8% of dry matter intake (DMI). Supplementation of the diet with CAP or CAPCO did not affect DMI, MY, milk components, and feed efficiency of the cows. Body weight (BW) was increased during the last 2 wk of the experiment by CAP and CAPCO, compared with CON. The botanicals improved BW gain (0.85 and 0.66 kg/d for CAP and CAPCO, respectively, compared with -0.01 kg/d for CON) and CAP enhanced the efficiency of energy utilization, compared with CON (94.5% vs. 78.4%, respectively). Daily CH4 emission was not affected by treatments, but CH4 emission yield (per kg of DMI) and intensity (per kg of MY) were decreased by up to 11% by CAPCO supplementation, compared with CON and CAP. A treatment × parity interaction indicated that the CH4 mitigation effect was pronounced in primiparous but not in multiparous cows. Ruminal molar proportion of propionate was decreased by botanicals, compared with CON. Concentrations of trans-10 C18:1 and total trans fatty acids in milk fat were decreased by CAP and tended to be decreased by CAPCO, compared with CON. Total-tract apparent digestibility of nutrients was not affected by treatments, except for a tendency for decreased starch digestibility in cows supplemented with botanicals. Blood concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, total fatty acids, and insulin were not affected by botanicals. Blood haptoglobin concentration was increased by CAP in multiparous but not in primiparous cows. Lactational performance of peak-lactation dairy cows was not affected by the botanicals in this study, but they appeared to improve efficiency of energy utilization and partitioned energy toward BW gain. In addition, CH4 yield and intensity were decreased in primiparous cows fed CAPCO, suggesting a potential positive environmental effect of the combination of Capsicum oleoresin and clove oil supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Martins
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - T Silvestre
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - N Stepanchenko
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - D E Wasson
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - E Wall
- AVT Natural North America, Santa Clara, CA 95054
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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11
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Kim H, Kim BW, Yoo D, Moon J, Kwon I, Lee Y, Seo J. In vitro evaluation of Aloe saponaria as a potential feed additive to modulate ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2165086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanbeen Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Daekyum Yoo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonbeom Moon
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yookyung Lee
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
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12
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Barreto-Cruz OT, Henao Zambrano JC, Castañeda-Serrano RD, Peñuela Sierra LM. Assessing the In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Supplementation with a Garlic ( Allium sativum) and Oregano ( Origanum vulgare) Essential Oil Mixture on Digestibility in West African Sheep. Vet Sci 2023; 10:695. [PMID: 38133246 PMCID: PMC10747443 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of a mixture of garlic (Allium sativum) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oils (EOGOs) on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vivo apparent nutrient digestibility. Different EOGO inclusion levels were evaluated to assess the dose response and potential effects of the mixture. Three EOGO inclusion levels (0.5, 0.75, and 1 mL/kg of incubated dry matter) were evaluated in vitro, while four treatments (0.5, 0.75, and 1 mL/day of EOGO and a control group) were tested in vivo on 12 West African sheep. A randomized controlled trial was conducted using a 4 × 4 design. Blood parameters (glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and β-hydroxybutyrate) were measured to observe the effect of EOGO on the metabolism. The results showed that the inclusion of EOGO significantly enhanced IVDMD at low levels (p < 0.052) compared with the highest levels in treatments containing 0.5 and 0.75 mL/kg of EOGO dry matter. A higher intake of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p < 0.05) was observed in the in vivo diets with the inclusion of EOGO. In terms of in vivo apparent digestibility, significant differences were found among treatments in the digestibility coefficients of DM, CP, and NDF. EOGO inclusion increased the digestibility of DM. CP digestibility displayed a cubic effect (p < 0.038), with the lowest values of digestibility observed at 1 mL EOGO inclusion. Additionally, NDF digestibility showed a cubic effect (p < 0.012), with the highest value obtained at 0.75 mL of EOGO inclusion. The inclusion levels above 0.75 mL EOGO showed a cubic effect, which indicates that higher concentrations of EOGO may not be beneficial for the digestibility of CP and NDF. Although no significant difference was observed in total digestible nutrients, a linear trend was observed (p < 0.059). EOGO improved the intake of DM, CP, and NDF. EOGO supplementation improved the digestibility of DM and NDF, with optimal levels observed at 0.5 mL/day. No significant effects were observed in the blood parameters. These results suggest that EOGO has the potential as an additive in ruminal nutrition to improve food digestibility and serve as an alternative to antibiotic additives. The use of EOGO potentially improves fiber digestion and may reduce the use of antibiotics in livestock production. Garlic (A. sativum) and oregano (O. vulgare) essential oils effectively modulated fiber digestibility at 0.75 mL/day. Garlic (A. sativum) and oregano (O. vulgare) essential oils have the potential to improve digestibility at low inclusion levels and serve as an alternative to antibiotic additives. The effectiveness of essential oils is greater in a mixture and at lower doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Teresa Barreto-Cruz
- Block 5 Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Program, Department of Animal Production, University Cooperative of Colombia, Ibague 730003, Colombia;
| | - Juan Carlos Henao Zambrano
- Block 5 Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Program, Department of Animal Production, University Cooperative of Colombia, Ibague 730003, Colombia;
| | - Roman David Castañeda-Serrano
- Department of Animal Production, University of Tolima, Santa Helena 42 Street n 2, Ibague 730006, Colombia; (R.D.C.-S.); (L.M.P.S.)
| | - Lina Maria Peñuela Sierra
- Department of Animal Production, University of Tolima, Santa Helena 42 Street n 2, Ibague 730006, Colombia; (R.D.C.-S.); (L.M.P.S.)
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Battelli M, Nielsen MO, Nørskov NP. Dose- and substrate-dependent reduction of enteric methane and ammonia by natural additives in vitro. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1302346. [PMID: 38026671 PMCID: PMC10657808 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1302346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants contribute to global warming by emitting greenhouse gasses, particularly methane (CH4) which is a product of rumen fermentation. The use of feed additives able to modulate rumen fermentation is a promising strategy to reduce enteric CH4 and ammonia (NH3) emissions. Among the various strategies investigated, plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) have attracted attention due to their apparent potential to reduce enteric CH4 and NH3 emissions, and it would be possible to use such compounds as feed additives in organic production systems. In an in vitro system simulating rumen fermentation, we have tested the impact of different classes of naturally occurring PSMs; catechin and quercetin (flavonoids), salicylic acid (phenolic acid) and tannic acid (hydrolysable tannin). The PSMs were added to two different basal feeds (maize and grass silages) at three inclusion doses 1.5, 3 and 6% of the feed dry matter (DM). CH4 production was significantly lowered upon addition of quercetin to two basal feeds at doses of 3 and 6%, and this without changes in concentrations of total volatile fatty acid (VFA) produced during fermentation. Quercetin, as the only tested additive, reduced CH4 production, and when added to maize silage and grass silage, the reduction increased linearly with increasing dose, ie., by 51 and 43%, respectively, at a dose of 3% of feed DM and by 86 and 58%, respectively, at a dose of 6% of feed DM. Moreover, quercetin significantly reduced NH3 concentration by >12% at doses of 3 and 6% in feed DM irrespective of the basal feed used as compared to when the basal feeds were incubated alone. Although none of the other additives affected CH4 formation, several additives had significant impacts on concentrations of NH3 and VFAs in the incubated fluid after fermentation. This study demonstrated a dose-dependent ability of quercetin to reduce CH4 emission from rumen fermentation, however, the magnitude of the suppression of CH4 depended on the basal feed. Furthermore, quercetin reduced NH3 concentration irrespective of the basal feed type. These findings encourage to in vivo studies to verify whether quercetin can reduce CH4 emission also in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Battelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg – Research Center Foulum, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Natalja P. Nørskov
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg – Research Center Foulum, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Chalchissa G, Nurfeta A, Andualem D. Anti-nutrient contents and methane reduction potential of medicinal plants from maize stover based diet. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21630. [PMID: 38027602 PMCID: PMC10663861 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions from Ethiopian agriculture are significantly increasing, with the largest share is from enteric fermentation and manure left on pasture. An investigation was conducted to evaluate the anti-nutrient composition and effect of commonly used medicinal plant extracts on enteric methane emission from fibrous feeds using maize stover as substrate feed. Total phenols, flavonoid, tannin and essential oil contents were analyzed using established standards. Effects of leaf extracts of Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, three varieties of Cymbopogon citratus (Cymbopogon citratus-I, Cymbopogon citratus java and Cymbopogon citratus upper awash), Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa stenopetala, three varieties of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosmarinus officinalis I, Rosmarinus officinalis II and Rosmarinus officinalis III) and Thyme schimperi, seed of three Coriandrum sativum varieties (Coriandrum sativum Batu, Coriandrum sativum Tulu and Coriandrum sativum Waltai) and root of Echinops kebericho on total gas production, digestibility and methane production of maize stover were investigated at different doses using the standard procedures. The results indicated that leaf extracts of Acacia nilotica had the highest (P < 0.001) total phenolic and total tannin contents. Compared to other evaluated plant species, all varieties of Cymbopogon citratus had the highest (P < 0.001) flavonoid content. Significantly high (P < 0.001) essential oil content was observed in Rosmarinus officinalis II than other varieties of Rosmarinus officinalis and other plant species. Significant reduction (P < 0.001) of methane production was observed with extracts of Cymbopoon citratus java (22.5 % less methane than the control) and thyme schimperi (16.7 % less methane than the control) at dose of 50 mg/kg DM. There was also significant (P < 0.001) interaction effect between plant species and dose rates at 50 mg/kg DM for both plant species. It can be concluded that the use of 50 mg/kg DM of Cymbopoon citratus java and Thyme schimperi extract to maize stover reduced methane production without negatively affecting feed digestibility. Further studies are necessary to examine the storability of the extracts in different time durations and evaluate their effects in vivo with animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Chalchissa
- Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, Ziway, Ethiopia
- Hawassa University, School of Animal and Range Science, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Ajebu Nurfeta
- Hawassa University, School of Animal and Range Science, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Andualem
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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15
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Lazzari G, Münger A, Eggerschwiler L, Borda-Molina D, Seifert J, Camarinha-Silva A, Schrade S, Zähner M, Zeyer K, Kreuzer M, Dohme-Meier F. Effects of Acacia mearnsii added to silages differing in nutrient composition and condensed tannins on ruminal and manure-derived methane emissions of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6816-6833. [PMID: 37500448 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of acacia (extract of Acacia mearnsii) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) as condensed tannin (CT)-rich sources on ruminal and manure methane (CH4) emissions in comparison with non-CT silages characterized by different contents of the cell wall and water-soluble carbohydrates. In a 3 × 6 incomplete Latin square design, 30 Holstein cows (63 ± 23 d in milk; mean ± SD; 33.8 ± 7.6 kg of milk per day, body weight 642 ± 81 kg) were provided with ad libitum access to 1 of 6 total mixed rations comprising 790 g of silage and 210 g of concentrate per kilogram of dry matter (DM). The silages were either rich in sainfoin [neutral detergent fiber (NDF): 349 g/kg of DM], perennial ryegrass (NDF: 420 g/kg of DM), or red clover (NDF: 357 g/kg of DM). Each silage was supplemented with 20 g/kg (of total diet DM) of acacia or straw meal. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk composition and ruminal fluid characteristics and microbiota were analyzed. The individual ruminal CH4 production was determined using the GreenFeed system, and CH4 emissions from the manure of cows fed the same diets were measured in a parallel experiment over 30 d at 25°C using a dynamic flux chamber. The CT sources did not reduce CH4 yield or emission intensity. Acacia reduced milk production (from 26.3 to 23.2 kg/d) and DM intake (from 19.7 to 16.7 kg/d) when supplemented with ryegrass, and both CT sources reduced the milk protein content and yield. Acacia supplementation and ryegrass silage reduced the ruminal acetate:propionate ratio. Furthermore, during acacia treatment, the abundance of Methanobrevibacter archaea tended to be lower and that of Thermoplasmata was higher. Acacia reduced the CH4 emissions from manure for the ryegrass group by 17% but not for the sainfoin and clover groups. Feeding sainfoin silage resulted in the lowest manure-derived CH4 emissions (-47% compared with ryegrass). In conclusion, acacia reduced ruminal CH4 production by 10%, but not emission intensity, and the mitigation effect of sainfoin depended on the silage to which it was compared. Because mitigation was partially associated with animal productivity losses, careful evaluation is required before the implementation of tanniferous feeds in farm practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lazzari
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - A Münger
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - L Eggerschwiler
- Research Contracts Animals, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | - D Borda-Molina
- Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Seifert
- Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Camarinha-Silva
- Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Schrade
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - M Zähner
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - K Zeyer
- Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - M Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - F Dohme-Meier
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland.
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16
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Nørskov NP, Battelli M, Curtasu MV, Olijhoek DW, Chassé É, Nielsen MO. Methane reduction by quercetin, tannic and salicylic acids: influence of molecular structures on methane formation and fermentation in vitro. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16023. [PMID: 37749362 PMCID: PMC10519955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) can potentially reduce ruminal methane formation. However, related to differences in their molecular structures, it is not yet clear what causes an anti-methanogenic effect. In an in vitro system simulating rumen fermentation, we investigated the impact of eight compounds with distinct chemical characteristics (gallic and salicylic acids, tannic acid, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, rutin, and salicin) when added to a basal feed (maize silage) at a concentration of 12% of the feed dry matter. After 48 h of incubation in buffered rumen fluid, methane production was significantly lowered by quercetin (43%), tannic acid (39%) and salicylic acid (34%) compared to the control (maize silage alone) and without changes in total volatile fatty acid production during fermentation. No other PSM reduced methane formation as compared to control but induced significant differences on total volatile fatty acid production. The observed differences were related to lipophilicity, the presence of double bond and carbonyl group, sugar moieties, and polymerization of the compounds. Our results indicate the importance of distinct molecular structures of PSMs and chemical characteristics for methane lowering properties and volatile fatty acid formation. Further systematic screening studies to establish the structure-function relationship between PSMs and methane reduction are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalja P Nørskov
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Marco Battelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mihai V Curtasu
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Dana W Olijhoek
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Élisabeth Chassé
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
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17
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Lileikis T, Nainienė R, Bliznikas S, Uchockis V. Dietary Ruminant Enteric Methane Mitigation Strategies: Current Findings, Potential Risks and Applicability. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2586. [PMID: 37627377 PMCID: PMC10451764 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the current state of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of different dietary ruminant enteric methane mitigation strategies and their modes of action together with the issues discussed regarding the potential harms/risks and applicability of such strategies. By investigating these strategies, we can enhance our understanding of the mechanisms by which they influence methane production and identify promising approaches for sustainable mitigation of methane emissions. Out of all nutritional strategies, the use of 3-nitrooxypropanol, red seaweed, tannins, saponins, essential oils, nitrates, and sulfates demonstrates the potential to reduce emissions and receives a lot of attention from the scientific community. The use of certain additives as pure compounds is challenging under certain conditions, such as pasture-based systems, so the potential use of forages with sufficient amounts of plant secondary metabolites is also explored. Additionally, improved forage quality (maturity and nutrient composition) might help to further reduce emissions. Red seaweed, although proven to be very effective in reducing emissions, raises some questions regarding the volatility of the main active compound, bromoform, and challenges regarding the cultivation of the seaweed. Other relatively new methods of mitigation, such as the use of cyanogenic glycosides, are also discussed in this article. Together with nitrates, cyanogenic glycosides pose serious risks to animal health, but research has proven their efficacy and safety when control measures are taken. Furthermore, the risks of nitrate use can be minimized by using probiotics. Some of the discussed strategies, namely monensin or halogenated hydrocarbons (as pure compounds), demonstrate efficacy but are unlikely to be implemented widely because of legal restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Lileikis
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feedstuffs, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania;
| | - Rasa Nainienė
- Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania;
| | - Saulius Bliznikas
- Analytical Laboratory, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania;
| | - Virginijus Uchockis
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feedstuffs, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania;
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18
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Karageorgou A, Tsafou M, Goliomytis M, Hager-Theodorides A, Politi K, Simitzis P. Effect of Dietary Supplementation with a Mixture of Natural Antioxidants on Milk Yield, Composition, Oxidation Stability and Udder Health in Dairy Ewes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1571. [PMID: 37627566 PMCID: PMC10451849 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the limitations in the use of antibiotic agents, researchers are constantly seeking natural bioactive compounds that could benefit udder health status but also milk quality characteristics in dairy animals. The aim of the current study was therefore to examine the effects of a standardized mixture of plant bioactive components (MPBC) originated from thyme, anise and olive on milk yield, composition, oxidative stability and somatic cell count in dairy ewes. Thirty-six ewes approximately 75 days after parturition were randomly allocated into three experimental treatments, which were provided with three diets: control (C); without the addition of the mixture, B1; supplemented with MPBC at 0.05% and B2; supplemented with rumen protected MPBC at 0.025%. The duration of the experiment was 11 weeks, and milk production was weekly recorded, while individual milk samples for the determination of composition, oxidative stability, somatic cell count (SCC), pH and electric conductivity were collected. Every two weeks, macrophage, lymphocyte, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts were also determined in individual milk samples. It was observed that milk yield was the greatest in the B2 group, with significant differences within the seventh and ninth week (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were found for milk composition, with the exception of the seventh week, when protein, lactose and non-fat solid levels were lower in MPBC groups (p < 0.05). Oxidative stability was improved in the groups that received the MPBC, with significant differences at the third, seventh, tenth and eleventh week (p < 0.05). SCC was also significantly lower at the second, eighth and ninth week in B2 compared to the other groups (p < 0.05), while no significant effects on the macrophage, lymphocyte, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts were observed. In conclusion, the MPBC addition had a positive effect on sheep milk yield, oxidative stability and somatic cell count, without any negative effect on its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Panagiotis Simitzis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (M.G.); (A.H.-T.); (K.P.)
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Varga-Visi É, Nagy G, Csivincsik Á, Tóth T. Evaluation of a Phytogenic Feed Supplement Containing Carvacrol and Limonene on Sheep Performance and Parasitological Status on a Hungarian Milking Sheep Farm. Vet Sci 2023; 10:369. [PMID: 37368755 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently worldwide interest in phytogenic feed supplements (PFSs) because they can lead to improved animal production. The scope of the present study was to observe the impact of a feed supplement containing carvacrol (CAR) and limonene (LIM) on the performance and parasitological status of sheep. The feed supplement decreased the plasma levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.014), nonesterified fatty acids (p = 0.021), and fructosamine (p = 0.002) in lactating ewes after 42 days of supplementation, while the average live weight (p = 0.002) and average daily weight gain (p = 0.001) of their twin suckling lambs increased significantly by the end of the study. In another experiment, fattening lambs fed the same supplement showed a decrease in fecal egg number of gastrointestinal nematodes (p = 0.02) but no differences in live weight, average daily gain, or mean number of Haemonchus contortus nematodes in the abomasum. The results highlighted that the inclusion of carvacrol and limonene in the feed of lactating ewes effectively increased the weight gain of the suckling lambs, presumably due to the ewes' improved energy, but further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of carvacrol and limonene against gastrointestinal parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Varga-Visi
- Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Csivincsik
- Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
- One Health Working Group, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
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Xu H, Fu J, Luo Y, Li P, Song B, Lv Z, Guo Y. Effects of tannic acid on the immunity and intestinal health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis infection. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:72. [PMID: 37143114 PMCID: PMC10157989 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In broiler chickens, necrotic enteritis (NE) infection can reduce production performance. Tannic acid has shown great potential as a treatment of NE in broilers. However, the appropriate dosage of tannic acid in NE of broilers and the improvement effect on intestinal health are not very clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of tannic acid on the production performance, immunity, and intestinal health of broilers by constructing an NE model with C. perfringens infection and determining the appropriate dosage of tannic acid with regard to NE. RESULTS Challenged birds showed significant reduction in body weight, villus height, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P < 0.05) and increase in the feed consumption gain ratio, intestinal lesion score, and crypt depth (P < 0.05). The infection significantly reduced the relative Bacteroidota and Ligilactobacillus abundance (P < 0.05) and increased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota and cecal content of C. perfringens (P < 0.05). Challenged birds fed diets supplemented with tannic acid showed significantly increased mRNA expression of nutrient transport carriers and intestinal barrier genes and growth performance and reduced serum zonulin and endotoxin levels (P < 0.05). Addition of tannic acid to the diet inhibited the inflammatory response by reducing the number of coccidia oocysts in feces and the content of C. perfringens in the cecum. Specifically, tannic acid reduced the serum levels of C reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, and specific IgY and ileal mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A levels in the ileal mucosa compared with those in the NE-infected birds. NE-infected birds fed diets supplemented with tannic acid also showed significantly increased relative Anaerocolumna, Thermoanaerobacterium, and Thermosinus abundance (P < 0.05); their microbial composition and functional predictions were similar to those of the NC group. CONCLUSIONS Tannic acid in the diet alleviated NE by enhancing the intestinal barrier and absorption function. The recommended dietary tannic acid additive level is 500-750 mg/kg. Our study findings would be useful in reducing related economic losses in the broiler industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Xu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianyang Fu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yimeng Luo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bochen Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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de Sá Assis MC, Costa GRDR, Dias FMC, da Silva CS, de Lima JS, Torres TR, Silva DKDA, de Souza EJO. Can phytogenic additives replace monensin sodium in beef cattle feeding? Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:107. [PMID: 36913161 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Monensin sodium is one of the most common ionophores used in livestock feeding; however, ionophores are condemned by organized consumer groups. Bioactive compounds from plants found in the seasonally dry tropical forest have similar mechanisms of action as ionophores. The aim was to investigate the effects of replacing monensin sodium with phytogenic additives on the nutritional efficiency of beef cattle. Five 14-month-old Nellore bulls (average body weight 452.68 ± 42.60 kg) were used in the study. The experiment was designed as a 5 × 5 Latin Square (five treatments and five 22-day experimental periods). Within each period, 15 days were used for adaptation of animals to experimental conditions and 7 days for data collection. Bulls were fed a control diet (without additives), monensin (a diet containing monensin sodium 40% as a synthetic additive), and three diets containing phytogenic additives prepared from Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth) Brenan, Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poiret, or Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Nutritional efficiency was assessed through feed intake, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, and hematological parameters. Monensin and phytogenic additives did not influence (P > 0.05) feeding behavior or hematological parameters, but the nutrient intake was highest for bulls supplemented phytogenic additives (P < 0.05). Monensin supplementation did not influence (P > 0.05) feed intake. The phytogenic additives and monensin sodium increased (P < 0.05) the nutrient digestibility. Therefore, the phytogenic additives from P. juliflora, A. macrocarpa, and M. tenuiflora can be recommended to enhance the nutritional efficiency of confined Nellore cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méry Cristina de Sá Assis
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, S/N, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | | | - Francisca Mônica Couras Dias
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, S/N, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | - Camila Sousa da Silva
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, S/N, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | | | - Thaysa Rodrigues Torres
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, S/N, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
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Effects of Thymbra capitata essential oil on in vitro fermentation end-products and ruminal bacterial communities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4153. [PMID: 36914736 PMCID: PMC10011596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An in vitro trial was carried out to investigate the effects of natural Thymbra capitata essential oil (NEO) and its main compounds [including carvacrol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene given alone or in a synthetic combination (SEO)] on ruminal fermentation and the bacterial community using batch cultures inoculated with ruminal digesta and incubating two different basal diets [high-forage (F) and high-concentrate (C) diet]. After 24 h of incubation, primary fermentation end-products [gas, methane, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammonia] and rumen microbial diversity were determined. NEO reduced the total VFA concentration (P < 0.05) only in the C diet. In contrast, SEO and carvacrol decreased the total VFA concentration (P < 0.05) only in the F diet. Methane production was not affected (P > 0.05) by any of the experimental treatments or diets evaluated. Microbial diversity analysis showed only a moderate effect of carvacrol and SEO on 13 genera, including, mainly, Atopobium and Blautia (involved in subacute ruminal acidosis) or Candidatus Saccharimonas (related to laminitis). In conclusion, T. capitata EO has a limited potential to attain nutritional or environmental benefits, but further research should be carried out to clarify its effects on animal health and microbial food safety.
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23
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Kearns M, Ponnampalam EN, Jacquier JC, Grasso S, Boland TM, Sheridan H, Monahan FJ. Can botanically-diverse pastures positively impact the nutritional and antioxidant composition of ruminant meat? - Invited review. Meat Sci 2023; 197:109055. [PMID: 36512854 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A desire for more sustainable pasture-based ruminant feeding systems has led to growing interest in utilising botanically-diverse pastures (BDP) over monoculture pastures. Research suggests that, from a human consumption viewpoint, grass-based ruminant feeding leads to more nutritionally desirable fatty acid (FA) and antioxidant concentrations in meat compared with concentrate feeding, which can affect meat quality. The FA, antioxidant and secondary metabolite content of plants differ, depending on species, maturity and seasonality, offering the potential through targeted feeding of BDP to produce meat with superior nutritional and antioxidant profiles. This review explores the effect, if any, that grazing ruminants on BDP has on the FA profile, fat-soluble vitamin, and antioxidant content of meat. The input-output relationship between forage and red meat constituents is complex and is likely affected by species diversity, forage consumption patterns and modulation of rumen fermentation processes. Further investigation is required to fully understand the effect that BDP may have on the composition and quality of ruminant meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kearns
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | | | - Simona Grasso
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tommy M Boland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helen Sheridan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Frank J Monahan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Roles of Essential Oils, Polyphenols, and Saponins of Medicinal Plants as Natural Additives and Anthelmintics in Ruminant Diets: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040767. [PMID: 36830554 PMCID: PMC9951870 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Public awareness on health and safety issues in using antibiotics for livestock production has led many countries to ban the use of all growth-promoting antibiotics (GPA) for livestock feeding. The ban on the utilization of antibiotics in livestock, on the other hand, is an opportunity for researchers and livestock practitioners to develop alternative feed additives that are safe for both livestock and the consumers of animal derived foods. Many feed additives were developed from a number of plants that contain secondary metabolites, such as essential oils, polyphenols, and saponins. These secondary metabolites are extracted from various parts of many types of plants for their uses as feed additives and anthelmintics. Recent investigations on using essential oils, polyphenols, and saponins as dietary additives and anthelmintics demonstrate that they can increase not only the production and health of ruminants but also ensure the safety of the resulting foods. There are many publications on the advantageous impacts of dietary plant bioactive components on ruminants; however, a comprehensive review on individual bioactive constituents of each plant secondary metabolites along with their beneficial effects as feed additives and anthelmintics on ruminants is highly required. This current study reviewed the individual bioactive components of different plant secondary metabolites and their functions as additives and anthelmintics to improve ruminant production and health, with respect to safety, affordability and efficiency, using a systematic review procedure.
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Christodoulou C, Mavrommatis A, Loukovitis D, Symeon G, Dotas V, Kotsampasi B, Tsiplakou E. Inclusion of Camelina sativa Seeds in Ewes' Diet Modifies Rumen Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030377. [PMID: 36766266 PMCID: PMC9913825 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementing ruminant diets with unconventional feedstuffs (Camelina sativa seeds; CS) rich in bioactive molecules such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, may prove a potential eco-efficient strategy to manipulate rumen microbiome towards efficiency. Forty-eight ewes were divided into four homogenous groups (n = 12) according to their fat-corrected milk yield (6%), body weight, and age, and were fed individually with concentrate, alfalfa hay, and wheat straw. The concentrate of the control group (CON) had no CS inclusion, whereas the treated groups were supplemented with CS at 60 (CS6), 110 (CS11), and 160 (CS16) g·kg-1 of concentrate, respectively. Rumen digesta was collected using an esophageal tube and then liquid and solid particles were separated using cheesecloth layers. An initial bacteriome screening using next-generation sequencing of 16S was followed by specific microbes targeting with a RT-qPCR platform, which unveiled the basic changes of the rumen microbiota under CS supplementation levels. The relative abundances of Archaea and methanogens were significantly reduced in the solid particles of CS11 and CS16. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Protozoa was significantly increased in both rumen fluid and solid particles of the CS6, whereas that of Fungi was significantly reduced in the rumen particle of the CS16. In rumen fluid, the relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogens and Ruminobacter amylophilus were significantly increased in the CS6 and CS11, respectively. In the solid particles of the CS11, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus flavefaciens was significantly reduced, whereas those of Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus and Ruminobacter amylophilus were significantly increased. Additionally, the relative abundance of Selenomonas ruminantium was significantly increased in both CS11 and CS16. Consequently, the highest CS content in the concentrate reduced the relative abundance of methanogens without inducing radical changes in rumen microorganisms that could impair ruminal fermentation and ewes' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Loukovitis
- Department of Animal Production, Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece
| | - George Symeon
- Research Institute of Animal Science, ELGO ‘DIMITRA’, Paralimni Giannitsa, 58100 Pella, Greece
| | - Vassilios Dotas
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Basiliki Kotsampasi
- Research Institute of Animal Science, ELGO ‘DIMITRA’, Paralimni Giannitsa, 58100 Pella, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Effect of whole oilseeds in the diet on bacterial diversity in the solid fraction of the ruminal content of steers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:32. [PMID: 36602697 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our hypothesis was that different whole oilseeds included in the diet for steers confined could alter the diversity of rumen bacteria compared to a diet without oilseeds or an exclusively forage diet. It was aimed to evaluate the effects of oilseeds inclusion in the diet on bacterial diversity in the solid fraction of the ruminal content of steers, by gene sequences of the conserved 16S rDNA region. Six crossbred steers castrated males, fitted with ruminal cannula were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design, using 21-day period. At the start of the experiment, the live weight of the animals averaged 416 ± 9.7 kg (mean ± SD). A total of 2,180,562 16S rDNA sequences were generated for the Bacteria domain by MiSeq sequencing. The bacterial diversity was composed of 24 bacterial phyla, with the most abundant being Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Other phyla with less diversity were also identified including Eurychaeota, Tenericutes, SR1 Absconditalbacteria, Synergistetes, Actinobacteria, Saccharibacteria, Elusimicrobia, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Fusobacteria, Lentisphaerae. The similarity in the bacterial community averaged 50% for all the experimental diets. Steers-fed corn silage exhibited a great diversity of bacteria of the Firmicutes phylum. The steers-fed oilseeds in the diet had a great diversity of bacteria from the phylum Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The inclusion of whole oilseeds in the steer diets can alter the rumen bacteria population by up to 50% of total diversity.
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Antiparasitic Tannin-Rich Plants from the South of Europe for Grazing Livestock: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020201. [PMID: 36670741 PMCID: PMC9855007 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal parasites are one of the main causes of health threats in livestock production, especially in extensive livestock farming. Despite the environmental toxic effects (loss of dung beetles, biodiversity, and other issues) and resistance phenomenon derived from their prolonged use, anti-parasitic chemical pharmaceuticals are frequently used, even in organic farming. Such a situation within the context of climate change requires urgent exploration of alternative compounds to solve these problems and apparent conflicts between organic farming objectives regarding the environment, public health, and animal health. This review is focused on some plants (Artemisia spp., Cichorium intybus L., Ericaceae family, Hedysarum coronarium L., Lotus spp., Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) that are well known for their antiparasitic effect, are voluntarily grazed and ingested, and can be spontaneously found or cultivated in southern Europe and other regions with a Mediterranean climate. The differences found between effectiveness, parasite species affected, in vitro/in vivo experiments, and active compounds are explored. A total of 87 papers where antiparasitic activity of those plants have been studied are included in this review; 75% studied the effect on ruminant parasites, where gastrointestinal nematodes were the parasite group most studied (70%), and these included natural (31%) and experimental (37%) infections.
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28
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Yu S, Li L, Zhao H, Zhang S, Tu Y, Liu M, Zhao Y, Jiang L. Dietary citrus flavonoid extract improves lactational performance through modulating rumen microbiome and metabolites in dairy cows. Food Funct 2023; 14:94-111. [PMID: 36484332 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02751h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation with citrus flavonoid extract (CFE) on milk performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbiome, rumen metabolome, and serum antioxidant indexes were evaluated. Eight multiparous lactating cows were allocated to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with 25-d periods consisting of 20 d of adaptation and 5 d of sampling. Experimental treatments included a control diet (CON) and CON supplemented with 50 g d-1 (CFE50), 100 g d-1 (CFE100), and 150 g d-1 (CFE150). Feeding CFE to dairy cows increased milk production and milk lactose. Milk somatic cell count linearly reduced with increasing CFE amount. Supplementing CFE linearly increased the ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and microbial crude protein. Ruminal lipopolysaccharide linearly decreased with increasing CFE amount. Compared with CON, CFE150 cows exhibited a greater abundance of Firmicutes and a low abundance of Bacteroidetes. Cellulolytic bacteria (genera Ruminococcus, Clostridium, and Butyrivibrio) and carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in the CFE150 cows. For archaea and viruses, major methanogens (genera Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina) and phylum Uroviricota were inhibited in the CFE150 cows. Compared with CON, the ruminal concentrations of tyrosine, proline, pyruvate, glucose, and glucose-6-phosphate were higher in the CFE150 cows. The metabolites of citrus flavonoids, such as hippuric acid, hesperetin, and naringenin, were increased in the CFE150 cows. Supplementing CFE significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of the dairy cows. This study highlighted that dietary supplementation with CFE led to significant changes in the rumen microbial composition and metabolites, and consequently resulted in an improved lactational performance of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Liuxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yan Tu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yuchao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Beijing Beinong Enterprise Management Co., Ltd, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Battelli M, Colombini S, Parma P, Galassi G, Crovetto GM, Spanghero M, Pravettoni D, Zanzani SA, Manfredi MT, Rapetti L. In vitro effects of different levels of quebracho and chestnut tannins on rumen methane production, fermentation parameters, and microbiota. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1178288. [PMID: 37152691 PMCID: PMC10154982 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1178288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Both condensed and hydrolysable tannins (CTs and HTs, respectively) have the ability to reduce enteric CH4 production in ruminants. However, the precise mechanism of action is not fully understood. Among the proposed hypotheses are the reduction of ruminal digestibility, direct control action on protozoa, reduction of archaea, and a hydrogen sink mechanism. In this in vitro study, which simulated rumen fermentation, two additives, one containing CTs (70% based on DM) from quebracho and one with HTs (75% based on DM) from chestnut, at four levels of inclusion (2, 4, 6, 8% on an as-fed basis) were added to the fermentation substrate and tested against a negative control. Both types of tannins significantly reduced total gas (GP) and CH4 (ml/g DM) production during the 48 h of incubation. The lower GP and CH4 production levels were linked to the reduction in dry matter digestibility caused by CTs and HTs. Conversely, no significant differences were observed for the protozoan and archaeal populations, suggesting a low direct effect of tannins on these rumen microorganisms in vitro. However, both types of tannins had negative correlations for the families Bacteroidales_BS11 and F082 and positive correlations for the genera Prevotella and Succinivibrio. Regarding the fermentation parameters, no differences were observed for pH and total volatile fatty acid production, while both CTs and HTs linearly reduced the NH3 content. CTs from quebracho were more effective in reducing CH4 production than HTs from chestnut. However, for both types of tannins, the reduction in CH4 production was always associated with a lower digestibility without any changes in archaea or protozoa. Due to the high variability of tannins, further studies investigating the chemical structure of the compounds and their mechanisms of action are needed to understand the different results reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Battelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Colombini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Parma
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Galassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Matteo Crovetto
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Spanghero
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Davide Pravettoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa Manfredi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Luca Rapetti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luca Rapetti,
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Leitanthem VK, Chaudhary P, Maiti S, Mohini M, Mondal G. Impact of Moringa oleifera Leaves on Nutrient Utilization, Enteric Methane Emissions, and Performance of Goat Kids. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:97. [PMID: 36611706 PMCID: PMC9817938 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of different innovative feed resources for livestock is important to provide the essential nutrients and diminish the emission of greenhouse gases. The purpose of the present experiment was to study the response of replacing concentrate with Moringa oleifera leaves in terms of the nutrient intake, digestibility, enteric methane emissions, and performance of goat kids with a berseem-fodder-based diet under different roughage (R)-to-concentrate (C) ratios. Twenty-four goat kids (3 months of age) were distributed into four groups of six animals each, using a randomized block design (RBD). Kids of Group I (control) were fed a basal diet with 70R:30C without any tree leaf supplementation. Group II kids were fed with 60R:40C, where 10% of the concentrate mix was replaced with Moringa leaf (ML powder). In Group III, kids were fed with 70R:30C with 20% ML replacement. In Group IV, kids were fed with 80R:20C with 20% ML replacement. A metabolic trial was conducted after 180 days of feeding to assess the impact of ML on blood metabolites, antioxidant status, immunity parameters, and enteric methane emissions. The results revealed that dry matter digestibility, organic matter, and NDF were better (p < 0.05) in ML-treated kids (GII and GIII) compared to GI. Feed conversion and average daily gain were also enhanced (p < 0.05) in the treated groups as compared to controls. Total blood protein and albumin were increased in GII and GIII kids compared to GI. Plasma cholesterol levels were decreased (p < 0.001) in GII, GIII, and GIV as compared to GI. Glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities were also enhanced in GII, GIII, and GIV compared to controls. ML supplementation improved cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity responses in goat kids. Enteric methane emissions decreased in the treated groups as compared to the controls. Moringa oleifera leaf may be used up to the level of 10−20% in concentrate mixes to improve digestibility, blood biochemical parameters, immunity status, and antioxidant activity in goat kids. Supplementation of ML not only enhanced the digestion and health of goat kids, but also decreased their methane emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parul Chaudhary
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjit Maiti
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Madhu Mohini
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Goutam Mondal
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
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de Melo HSA, Ítavo LCV, de Castro AP, Ítavo CCBF, de Araújo Caldas R, Mateus RG, Niwa MVG, de Moraes GJ, da Silva Zornitta C, Gurgel ALC, Benchaar C. Bacterial species in the ruminal content of steers fed oilseeds in the diet. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:396. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fregulia P, Campos MM, Dias RJP, Liu J, Guo W, Pereira LGR, Machado MA, Faza DRDLR, Guan LL, Garnsworthy PC, Neves ALA. Taxonomic and predicted functional signatures reveal linkages between the rumen microbiota and feed efficiency in dairy cattle raised in tropical areas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1025173. [PMID: 36523842 PMCID: PMC9745175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1025173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants digest plant biomass more efficiently than monogastric animals due to their symbiotic relationship with a complex microbiota residing in the rumen environment. What remains unclear is the relationship between the rumen microbial taxonomic and functional composition and feed efficiency (FE), especially in crossbred dairy cattle (Holstein x Gyr) raised under tropical conditions. In this study, we selected twenty-two F1 Holstein x Gyr heifers and grouped them according to their residual feed intake (RFI) ranking, high efficiency (HE) (n = 11) and low efficiency (LE) (n = 11), to investigate the effect of FE on the rumen microbial taxa and their functions. Rumen fluids were collected using a stomach tube apparatus and analyzed using amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S (bacteria and archaea) and 18S (protozoa) rRNA genes. Alpha-diversity and beta-diversity analysis revealed no significant difference in the rumen microbiota between the HE and LE animals. Multivariate analysis (sPLS-DA) showed a clear separation of two clusters in bacterial taxonomic profiles related to each FE group, but in archaeal and protozoal profiles, the clusters overlapped. The sPLS-DA also revealed a clear separation in functional profiles for bacteria, archaea, and protozoa between the HE and LE animals. Microbial taxa were differently related to HE (e.g., Howardella and Shuttleworthia) and LE animals (e.g., Eremoplastron and Methanobrevibacter), and predicted functions were significatively different for each FE group (e.g., K03395-signaling and cellular process was strongly related to HE animals, and K13643-genetic information processing was related to LE animals). This study demonstrates that differences in the rumen microbiome relative to FE ranking are not directly observed from diversity indices (Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity, Pielou's Evenness, Shannon's diversity, weighted UniFrac distance, Jaccard index, and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity), but from targeted identification of specific taxa and microbial functions characterizing each FE group. These results shed light on the role of rumen microbial taxonomic and functional profiles in crossbred Holstein × Gyr dairy cattle raised in tropical conditions, creating the possibility of using the microbial signature of the HE group as a biological tool for the development of biomarkers that improve FE in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Fregulia
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Magalhães Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Junhong Liu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Machado
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ribeiro de Lima Reis Faza
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Phil C. Garnsworthy
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - André Luis Alves Neves
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Leitanthem VK, Chaudhary P, Bhakat M, Mohini M, Mondal G. Impact of Moringa oleifera on rumen fermentation and methane emission under in vitro condition. AMB Express 2022; 12:141. [DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExploring innovative methods to provide essential nutrients and reducing ruminant greenhouse gas emission is crucial for animal production and diminishing global warming. This study was conducted to examine the efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaves (ML) in ruminants at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40% level in different roughage (R) and concentrate (C) (80R:20C, 70R:30C and 60R:40C) under in vitro conditions. Chemical composition of ML, concentrate mixture and berseem were estimated. Rumen fermentation parameters of male goat kids viz., total gas production, CH4, true dry matter digestibility (TDMD), organic matter digestibility (TOMD), partial fraction (PF), microbial biomass (MBP), ammonia (N), acetate, propionate, butyrate and acetate propionate ratio were observed under in vitro conditions. Results revealed that crude protein, organic matter and ethyl ether content were higher in ML as compared to concentrate mixture and berseem. Magnesium and iron content were also higher in ML as compared to concentrate and berseem. Total gas production, digestibility of DM and OM, MBP, acetate and propionate level were improved (P < 0.05) upto 10–20% replacement. In contrast, decreased in CH4 (%) and CH4 (mL/100 mg dDM) was noted with increased levels of ML incorporation. There was no change observed in ammonia, acetate: propionate ratios at all the three planes of nutrition. In this study, it is concluded that mixing Moringa oleifera leaves in feed can be used as protein supplement and reduce the methane emission without causing any effect on digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters. However, ML can be suggested for widespread practice to attain the sustainable animal production (10–20%) and to alleviate the global warming.
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Morsy TA, Gouda GA, Kholif AE. In vitro fermentation and production of methane and carbon dioxide from rations containing Moringa oleifera leave silage as a replacement of soybean meal: in vitro assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:69743-69752. [PMID: 35570255 PMCID: PMC9512743 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaf meal of some forage trees such as Moringa oleifera has attracted an increasing interest as a good and cheap source of protein. The present in vitro experiment employed the in vitro wireless gas production (GP) technique to evaluate the inclusion of M. oleifera leaves ensiled for 45 days as a replacement for soybean meal in rations. A control basal ration was formulated to contain 17.5% soybean meal as a source of protein. Soybean meal in the control ration was replaced with silage (MOS) at increasing levels of 0 to 100%. Replacing soybean meal with MOS gradually increased (P < 0.001) GP kinetics (asymptotic GP, rate of GP, and lag time of GP). However, soybean meal replacement decreased (P < 0.001) asymptotic methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) productions, and rate of CH4 production and increased the lag time of CH4 and CO2 production. Gradual increases (P < 0.001) in the digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, ruminal bacteria count, fermentation pH, and the concentrations of ruminal total volatile fatty acids, acetate, and propionate were observed with rations containing MOS. Decreases in the digestibility of crude protein, ruminal protozoal count, and the concentrations of ruminal ammonia-N were observed with MOS rations. It is concluded soybean meal can be completely replaced by MOS with desirable effects on ruminal fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Morsy
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gouda A Gouda
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Kholif
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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Foliage of Tropical Trees and Shrubs and Their Secondary Metabolites Modify In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Methane and Gas Production without a Tight Correlation with the Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192628. [PMID: 36230369 PMCID: PMC9559637 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminants, mainly cattle, contribute to greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions as methane (CH4) is produced by ruminal fermentation. Hence, various anti-methanogenic feed strategies have been studied, including the use of plants with secondary metabolites. This study evaluated in vitro ruminal fermentation metrics, microbial composition by digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) and the CH4 production of the foliage of several tropical trees and shrubs: Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oleifera, Albizia lebbeck, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Piscidia piscipula, Brosimum alicastrum, Lysiloma latisiliquum, Guazuma ulmifolia, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Gliricidia sepium and Bursera simaruba, using Cynodon plectostachyus grass as control. The results showed a wide variation in the chemical composition of the foliage, as well as in the ruminal microbiota. The crude protein (CP) content ranged from 11 to 25%, whereas the content of condensed tannins (CT) and saponins (S) was from 0.02 to 7%, and 3.2 to 6.6%, respectively. The greatest dry matter degradability (DMD) after 72 h was 69% and the least 35%, the latter coinciding with the least gas production (GP). A negative correlation was found between the CT and CH4 production, also between protozoa and fungi with the SGMT group of archaea. We concluded that the foliage of some tropical trees and shrubs has a high nutritional value and the potential to decrease CH4 production due to its CT content.
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Comparisons of Ramie and Corn Stover Silages: Effects on Chewing Activity, Rumen Fermentation, Microbiota and Methane Emissions in Goats. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the nutritional value of ramie (Boehmeria nivea) silage, and its consequences for chewing activity, rumen fermentation, and enteric methane (CH4) emissions in goats, by comparing it with corn stover (CS) silage. An in vitro ruminal experiment was firstly performed to investigate the substrate degradation and fermentation of CS and ramie silage. The ramie silage diet was formulated by replacing 60% of CS silage with ramie silage (dry matter (DM) basis). Eight female Xiangdong Black goats (a local breed in Southern China, 1 to 1.2 years of age) with BW of 21.0 ± 1.05 kg were used for this experiment and were randomly assigned to either one of the two dietary treatments in a cross-over design. The ramie silage had higher crude protein (CP) and ash content and lower hemicellulose content, together with decreased (p < 0.05) nutrient degradation and methane production and increased (p < 0.05) acetate molar percentage and acetate to propionate ratio through in vitro ruminal fermentation. Feeding the ramie silage diet did not alter feed intake (p > 0.05), decreased (p < 0.05) nutrient digestibility, and increased (p < 0.05) chewing activity and rumination activity, with reductions (p < 0.05) in eating activity and idle activity. Although feeding the ramie silage diet caused a greater (p < 0.05) molar percentage of acetate and lower molar percentage of propionate, it decreased the rumen-dissolved CH4 concentration and enteric CH4 emissions (p < 0.05). Feeding the ramie silage diet did not alter (p > 0.05) the population of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi; it increased the 16S rRNA gene copies of Ruminococcus flavefaciens (p < 0.05). Further 16SrRNA gene amplicon analysis indicated a distinct bacterial composition between the two treatments (p < 0.05). Feeding the ramie silage diet led to a lower abundance of genera Lawsonibacter, Sedimentibacter, Saccharofermentans, Sediminibacterium, and Bifidobacterium (p < 0.05). Ramie can be an alternative forage resource to stimulate chewing activity and reduce CH4 emissions in ruminants.
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Vargas-Ortiz L, Andrade-Yucailla V, Barros-Rodríguez M, Lima-Orozco R, Macías-Rodríguez E, Contreras-Barros K, Guishca-Cunuhay C. Influence of Acacia Mearnsii Fodder on Rumen Digestion and Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Production. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2250. [PMID: 36077970 PMCID: PMC9454763 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the worrying generation of GHG from ruminant production has generated widespread interest in exploring nutritional strategies focused on reducing these gases, presenting the use of bioactive compounds (tannins) as an alternative in the diet. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the addition of different levels of Acacia mearnsii on ruminal degradation, nutrient digestibility, and mitigation of greenhouse gas production. A completely randomized design with four treatments and six repetitions was used. The treatments were: T1, T2, T3, and T4 diets with, respectively, 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% A. mearnsii. The rumen degradation kinetic and in vitro digestibility, and the production of gas, CH4, and CO2 were evaluated. In situ rumen degradation and in vitro digestibility of DM and OM showed differences between treatments, with T1 being higher (p < 0.05) in the degradation of the soluble fraction (A), potential degradation (A + B), and effective degradation for the different passage rates in percent hour (0.02, 0.05, and 0.08), compared to the other treatments. Rumen pH did not show differences (p > 0.05) between treatments. The lowest (p < 0.05) gas, CH4, and CO2 production was observed in treatments T1 and T2 with an approximate mean of 354.5 mL gas/0.500 g fermented DM, 36.5 mL CH4/0.500 g fermented DM, and 151.5 mL CO2/0.500 g fermented DM, respectively, compared to treatments T3 and T4. Under the conditions of this study, it was concluded that it is possible to replace traditional forages with up to 20% of A. mearnsii, without observing changes in the production of greenhouse gases with respect to the control treatment (0% of A. mearnsii); however, A. mearnsii is not usable because it significantly decreases rumen degradability of DM and OM, which would considerably affect the production in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vargas-Ortiz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Superior Tecnológico Benjamín Araujo, Patate 180403, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara 50100, Cuba
| | - Veronica Andrade-Yucailla
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, La Libertad 240204, Ecuador
| | - Marcos Barros-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Sector el Tambo-La Universidad, vía a Quero, Cevallos 1801334, Ecuador
| | - Raciel Lima-Orozco
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara 50100, Cuba
| | - Edis Macías-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130701, Ecuador
| | - Katherine Contreras-Barros
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Campus El Dorado-Itchimbía, Quito 170403, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Guishca-Cunuhay
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Sector el Tambo-La Universidad, vía a Quero, Cevallos 1801334, Ecuador
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Dose–Response Effects of Bamboo Leaves on Rumen Methane Production, Fermentation Characteristics, and Microbial Abundance In Vitro. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172222. [PMID: 36077942 PMCID: PMC9454597 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to economic, environmental, and nutritional considerations, mitigating enteric methane production from ruminants is an important issue. Nutritionists have recently shown that feeding livestock natural feed additives could ameliorate this problem, due to the antimicrobial activities of the biologically active components in the additives. Bamboo is widely distributed in Asia and is currently being used in construction and paper pulp production, which results in a significant amount of bamboo leaves as by-products. The present study investigated whether bamboo leaves feeding can decrease methane production in ruminants. Here we found that bamboo leaves supplementation in vitro caused a 12.7–34.2% reduction in methane production after 12 and 48 h. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the effect of bamboo leaves supplementation in vivo, to determine its potential for mitigating methane production from ruminants. Abstract Ruminants produce large amounts of methane as part of their normal digestive processes. Recently, feed additives were shown to inhibit the microorganisms that produce methane in the rumen, consequently reducing methane emissions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose–response effect of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis (PHN) and Sasa borealis supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane, and carbon dioxide production, and the microbial population. An in vitro batch culture system was used, incubated without bamboo leaves (control) or with bamboo leaves (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 g/L). After 48 h, total gas, methane, and carbon dioxide production decreased linearly with an increasing dose of bamboo leaves supplementation. The total volatile fatty acid, acetate, and acetate-to-propionate ratio were affected quadratically with increasing doses of bamboo leaves supplementation. In addition, propionate decreased linearly. Butyrate was increased linearly with increasing doses of PHN supplementation. The absolute values of total bacteria and methanogenic archaea decreased linearly and quadratically with an increasing dose of PHN treatment after 48 h. These results show that bamboo leaves supplementation can reduce methane production by directly affecting methanogenic archaea, depressing the metabolism of methanogenic microbes, or transforming the composition of the methanogenic community. These results need to be validated using in vivo feeding trials before implementation.
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Blend of secondary metabolites from mesquite to improve nutrient digestibility, microbial protein, efficient use of nitrogen, ruminal parameters, and blood metabolites in sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:248. [PMID: 35941296 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Although chemical additives are able to improve the efficiency of ruminal fermentation, they can leave residues in the meat. However, a blend of secondary metabolites can improve ruminal fermentation without harming the population welfare. Five levels (0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 g/day) of a blend of secondary metabolites from mesquite extract in sheep feed to promote increases in the nutritional value, ruminal parameters, nitrogen (N) use efficiency, microbial protein (MP) synthesis, and blood metabolites. Ten intact male Santa Inês sheep with average body weight of 55 ± 9.81 kg were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design, replicated twice. There was a quadratic response of the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and total digestible nutrients (TDN). Microbial protein concentrations, MP synthesis efficiency, propionic acid levels, and acetic/propionic acid ratio also showed a quadratic response. The blend promoted a quadratic effect on plasma glucose and lactate levels. On the other hand, it decreased the concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen, plasma urea, and plasma cholesterol. It is recommended to supply a blend of secondary metabolites at 3.43 g/day.
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A Background Search on the Potential Role of Scutellaria and Its Essential Oils. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7265445. [PMID: 35968239 PMCID: PMC9365597 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7265445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria (Lamiaceae), which contains over 350 species, usually known as skullcaps, is found throughout Europe, the United States, and East Asia. In traditional Chinese medicine, several species are used to wipe out heat-evil and remove surface ills (TCM). The current study examines the ethnopharmacology, biological activity, and chemical substances associated with Scutellaria species. More than 295 chemicals, including flavonoids and diterpenes, have been identified. Scutellaria and its active principles have been shown in studies to have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifeedant, phytotoxic, acaricidal toxicity, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antianalgesic activities. Currently, effective monomeric compounds or active components from Scutellaria have been evaluated for pharmacological action in vivo and in vitro. More data facilitates applications and exploitation of novel medication development.
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Nowak B, Moniuszko-Szajwaj B, Skorupka M, Puchalska J, Kozłowska M, Bocianowski J, Kołodziejski PA, Szumacher-Strabel M, Patra AK, Stochmal A, Cieslak A. Effect of Paulownia Leaves Extract Levels on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Microbial Population, Methane Production, and Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134288. [PMID: 35807533 PMCID: PMC9268131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paulownia is a fast-growing tree that produces a huge mass of leaves as waste that can be used as a feed source for ruminants. The previous study showed that phenolic compounds were the most active biological substances in Paulownia leaves, which affected the ruminal parameters and methane concentration. However, there are no scientific reports on the Paulownia leaves extract (PLE) containing phenolic compounds for their mode of action in the rumen. Phenolics constituted the main group of bioactive compounds in PLE (84.4 mg/g dry matter). PLE lowered the concentration of ammonia, modulated the VFA profile in the ruminal fluid, and decreased methane production. The PLE caused a significant reduction of in vitro dry matter degradability, reduced the number of methanogens and protozoa, and affected selected bacteria populations. PLE had a promising effect on the fatty acid profile in the ruminal fluid. Paulownia as a new dietary component or its extract as a feed additive may be used to mitigate ruminal methanogenesis, resulting in environmental protection and reducing ruminal biohydrogenation, improving milk and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumiła Nowak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (B.N.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Barbara Moniuszko-Szajwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (B.M.-S.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Skorupka
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (B.N.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Julia Puchalska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (B.N.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Martyna Kozłowska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (B.N.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Paweł Antoni Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (B.N.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K. B. Sarani, Kolkata 700037, India;
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (B.M.-S.); (A.S.)
| | - Adam Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (B.N.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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Feitoza ERF, Alves Júnior RT, da Rocha Costa GR, da Silva CS, Torres TR, de Lima JS, Pereira KP, de Souza EJO. Phytogenic additive from Prosopis juliflora on populations of rumen ciliate protozoa and its correlation with nutrition of sheep. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:425. [PMID: 35751758 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of phytogenic additive Prosopis juliflora on populations of ruminal ciliated protozoa and its correlation with variables related to sheep nutrition. In this experiment, five cannulated adult Santa Ines ewes were submitted to the additive intake. Each animal received 6 mL of the extract daily. The experimental design adopted was the Latin square 5 × 5 (five concentrations of additive 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/mL of water and five periods of 18 days). The additive quadratically reduces the number of large, small and total ciliating protozoa, without promoting changes in the number of medium protozoa in the rumen. Among the genera investigated, Isotricha and Dasytricha were the only ones affected by supplementation. Additionally, the concentration of ruminal protozoa correlates significantly with the variables related to the nutrition of the animal. The effects of the additive on these variables were particularly pronounced at concentrations around 600 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Rosa Fagundes Feitoza
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | - Renato Tonhá Alves Júnior
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rayane da Rocha Costa
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | - Camila Sousa da Silva
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | - Thaysa Rodrigues Torres
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | | | - Kedes Paulo Pereira
- Federal University of Alagoas, BR-104 Highway, Rio Largo, AL, 57100-000, Brazil
| | - Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de Souza
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil.
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Zeru AE, Hassen A, Apostolides Z, Tjelele J. Screening of Candidate Bioactive Secondary Plant Metabolite Ion-Features from Moringa oleifera Accessions Associated with High and Low Enteric Methane Inhibition from Ruminants. Metabolites 2022; 12:501. [PMID: 35736433 PMCID: PMC9229087 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the relationship of secondary bioactive plant metabolite ion-features (MIFs) of Moringa oleifera accessions with antimethanogenesis to identify potential MIFs that were responsible for high and low methane inhibition from ruminants. Plant extracts from 12 Moringa accessions were evaluated at a 50 mg/kg DM feed for gas production and methane inhibition. Subsequently, the accessions were classified into low and high enteric methane inhibition groups. Four of twelve accessions (two the lowest and two the highest methane inhibitors), were used to characterize them in terms of MIFs. A total of 24 samples (12 from lower and 12 from higher methane inhibitors) were selected according to their methane inhibition potential, which ranged from 18% to 29%. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and untargeted metabolomics with univariate and multivariate statistical analysis with MetaboAnalyst were used in the study. Although 86 MIFs showed (p < 0.05) variation between higher and lower methane inhibition groups and lay within the detection ranges of the UPLC-MS column, only 14 were significant with the volcano plot. However, Bonferroni correction reduced the candidate MIFs to 10, and their R2-value with methane production ranged from 0.39 to 0.64. Eventually, MIFs 4.44_609.1462 and MIF 4.53_433.1112 were identified as bioactive MIFs associated with higher methane inhibition, whereas MIF 9.06_443.2317 and 15.00_487.2319 were associated with lower methane inhibition with no significant effect on in vitro organic matter digestibility of the feed. These MIFs could be used by plant breeders as potential markers to develop new M. oleifera varieties with high methane inhibition characteristics. However, further investigation on identifying the name, structure, and detailed biological activities of these bioactive metabolites needs to be carried out for future standardization, commercialization, and application as dietary methane mitigation additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu Endalew Zeru
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Abubeker Hassen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Zeno Apostolides
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Julius Tjelele
- Range and Forage Sciences, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
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Effects of Yucca schidigera Based Feed Additive on In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility, Efficiency of Microbial Production, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Four Dairy Diets. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of a feed additive (synthesized from Yucca schidigera) on some fermentation variables. In the first of two experiments, seven concentrations of the feed additive were evaluated using the in vitro batch culture technique to determine the optimum dose to use in the second experiment. The substrates used were a total mixed ration (TMR) and alfalfa hay. The levels of inclusion were 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/head/d. After this initial evaluation, 2 g/head/d was selected for the second experiment. For the second study, four dietary substrates (two corn silages and two TMR; collected from different dairy farms in the Piedmont, North Carolina, area) were used. Incubation times were 3, 6, and 24 h and treatments were 0 (control) and 2 g/head/d of the feed additive. Inclusion of the feed additive did not affect (p > 0.05) in vitro dry matter disappearance. Additionally, the feed additive had no effect (p > 0.05) on short-chain fatty acid concentrations, microbial mass, and efficiency of microbial production. Methane production was reduced by 22.7% with feed additive inclusion. Similarly, lower (p = 0.013; 18%) carbon dioxide concentration was observed in the feed additive treatment. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfite concentrations were similar (p > 0.05) for both treatments. Inclusion of the feed additive at 2 g/head/d decreased methane and carbon dioxide concentrations in most of the diets. The energy saved by reducing the amount of methane produced was not partitioned into valuable products such as short-chain fatty acids and microbial mass.
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Ampapon T, Viennasay B, Matra M, Totakul P, Wanapat M. Phytonutrients in Red Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus, L.) and Feed Ratios Enhanced Rumen Fermentation Dynamics, Suppress Protozoal Population, and Methane Production. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.741543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for alternative modifiers of rumen fermentation to improve the production efficiency of livestock production is highly essential. This in vitro fermentation experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement of two ratios of roughage to concentrate and seven levels of red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) leaf powder (RALP) as a percentage of total substrate in a completely randomized design (CRD). There were two factors: factor A was two ratios of roughage (R) to concentrate (C) at 60:40 and 40:60 and factor B was levels of RALP supplementation at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12% dry matter (DM) of total dietary substrate. The results revealed that a R:C ratio at 40:60 increased rumen fermentation and reduced methane production (p < 0.05). The RALP incorporation as a feed additive was highly promising in enhancing propionate (C3) concentration, reducing acetate (C2) to (C3) ratio, and the protozoal population, while mitigating methane (CH4) production. Furthermore, DM degradation percentages were remarkably enhanced by increasing the RALP levels and R:C ratio at 40:60. In conclusion, plants rich in phytonutrients and minerals such as RALP and the lower R:C ratio showed a promising role in modulating rumen fermentation, mitigating methane production, as well as increasing substrate DM degradability.
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Zhang X, Liu X, Chang S, Zhang C, Du W, Hou F. Effect of Cistanche deserticola on Rumen Microbiota and Rumen Function in Grazing Sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:840725. [PMID: 35432287 PMCID: PMC9009397 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, veterinary drugs and chemical additives have been widely used in livestock and poultry breeding to improve production performance. However, problems such as drug residues in food are causing serious concerns. The use of functional plants and their extracts to improve production performance is becoming increasingly popular. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Cistanche deserticola in sheep feed on rumen flora and to analyze the causes to provide a theoretical basis for the future use of Cistanche deserticola as a functional substance to improve sheep production performance. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted using 24 six-month-old sheep males divided into four groups (six animals in each group) which were fed a basic diet composed of alfalfa and tall fescue grass. The C. deserticola feed was provided to sheep at different levels (0, 2, 4, and 6%) as experimental treatments. On the last day (Day 75), ruminal fluid was collected through a rumen tube for evaluating changes in rumen flora. The test results showed that Prevotella_1, Lactobacillus, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were the dominant species at the genus level in all samples. Lactobacillus, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Butyrivibrio_2, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group differed significantly in relative abundance among the treatment groups. The polysaccharides in C. deserticola was the major factor influencing the alteration in rumen flora abundance, and had the functions of improving rumen fermentation environment and regulating rumen flora structure, etc. Hence, C. deserticola can be used to regulate rumen fermentation in grazing sheep to improve production efficiency.
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Tánori-Lozano A, Quintana-Romandía AI, Montalvo-Corral M, Pinelli-Saavedra A, Valenzuela-Melendres M, Dávila-Ramírez JL, Islava-Lagarda TY, González-Ríos H. Influence of ferulic acid and clinoptilolite supplementation on
growth performance, carcass, meat quality, and fatty acid profile of finished
lambs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:274-290. [PMID: 35530412 PMCID: PMC9039957 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ferulic acid (FA) and
clinoptilolite (CTL) supplementation on the growth performance, carcass
characteristics, and meat quality of hair-breed lambs. Twenty-eight Kathadin
male lambs (33.72 ± 3.4 kg) were randomly allocated to one of the four
diets (n=7) under a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate the effect of
FA (0 or 300 ppm) and CTL (0% or 1%) during the last 40 days of the finishing
phase. No interaction between additives was shown for growth performance,
carcass characteristics and meat quality, with exception of the fatty acid
profile (p < 0.05). FA reduced feed intake and carcass
conformation (p < 0.05). Wholesale cuts were not
affected by FA or CTL (p > 0.05). The L*, a*, and C*
color parameters and some intramuscular fatty acids of the longissimus
thoracis muscle were positively modified by CTL supplementation
(p < 0.05). While there was no FA × CTL
interaction, each additive could be used individually in animal nutrition to
improve the feedlot performance and meat quality of the lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tánori-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en
Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD, A.C.),
Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | | | - Maricela Montalvo-Corral
- Centro de Investigación en
Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD, A.C.),
Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Araceli Pinelli-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigación en
Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD, A.C.),
Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | | | - José Luis Dávila-Ramírez
- Ciencia Aplicada para el Desarrollo
Tecnológico, A.C. (CIADETEC, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora
83260, Mexico
| | | | - Humberto González-Ríos
- Centro de Investigación en
Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD, A.C.),
Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
- Corresponding author: Humberto
González-Ríos, Centro de Investigación en
Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora 83304,
Mexico. Tel: +52-662-289-2400, E-mail:
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Jo SU, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Eom JS, Choi Y, Oh DS, Bae D, Lee SS. Effects of oriental medicinal plants on the reduction of methane production mediated by microbial population. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2046192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
- University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
| | - Youyoung Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
| | | | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
- University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
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Ewy MW, Patel A, Abdelmagid MG, Mohamed Elfadil O, Bonnes SL, Salonen BR, Hurt RT, Mundi MS. Plant-Based Diet: Is It as Good as an Animal-Based Diet When It Comes to Protein? Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:337-346. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ramdani D, Jayanegara A, Chaudhry AS. Biochemical Properties of Black and Green Teas and Their Insoluble Residues as Natural Dietary Additives to Optimize In Vitro Rumen Degradability and Fermentation but Reduce Methane in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030305. [PMID: 35158629 PMCID: PMC8833588 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Black (BTL) or green (GTL) tea and their spent tea (STL) leaves can be used as natural dietary additives for ruminants. Experiment 1 used a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replicates (n = 4) to test the effects of three different inclusions of tea leaves at 0 (control), 50, and 100 g/kg DM of two different tea types (BTL and GTL) in two different total mixed diets containing either ryegrass hay (RH) or rice straw (RS) on in vitro rumen organic matter degradability (IVOMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA), pH, ammonia (NH3), and methane (CH4) outputs over a 24 h incubation time. Experiment 2 followed a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with eight replicates (n = 8) to study the impacts of three different STL inclusions at 0, 100, and 200 g/kg DM of two different STL types (black and green) into two different total mixed diets containing either RH or RS on the same in vitro measurements. Both types of tea leaves decreased NH3 (p < 0.001) and CH4 (p < 0.01) without affecting (p > 0.05) rumen degradability, but the effect of their STL was less remarkable. Tea leaves and their STL inclusions improved (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) the acetate to propionate (A:P) ratio. Compared with BTL, GTL containing diets had higher IVOMD (p < 0.05) and A:P ratio (p < 0.05) but lower NH3 (p < 0.001). Reduced rumen NH3 and CH4 outputs can be useful for protein and energy use efficiency while an increased A:P ratio might lead to increased milk fat synthesis and reduced low-fat milk syndrome. The surplus or wasted tea leaf products could be used as sustainable sources of nutrients to optimize rumen function and minimize environmental impacts of feeding ruminant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diky Ramdani
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-85624050413
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Animal Feed Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
| | - Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
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