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Torices S, Daire L, Simon S, Naranjo O, Mendoza L, Teglas T, Fattakhov N, Adesse D, Toborek M. Occludin: a gatekeeper of brain Infection by HIV-1. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:73. [PMID: 37840143 PMCID: PMC10577960 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromised structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the pathological hallmarks of brain infection by HIV-1. BBB damage during HIV-1 infection has been associated with modified expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, including occludin. Recent evidence indicated occludin as a redox-sensitive, multifunctional protein that can act as both an NADH oxidase and influence cellular metabolism through AMPK kinase. One of the newly identified functions of occludin is its involvement in regulating HIV-1 infection. Studies suggest that occludin expression levels and the rate of HIV-1 infection share a reverse, bidirectional relationship; however, the mechanisms of this relationship are unclear. In this review, we describe the pathways involved in the regulation of HIV-1 infection by occludin. We propose that occludin may serve as a potential therapeutic target to control HIV-1 infection and to improve the lives of people living with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Leah Daire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Sierra Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Oandy Naranjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Luisa Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Timea Teglas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Nikolai Fattakhov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Daniel Adesse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA.
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Sui Z, Wang N, Zhang X, Liu C, Wang X, Zhou H, Mai K, He G. Comprehensive study on the effect of dietary leucine supplementation on intestinal physiology, TOR signaling and microbiota in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109060. [PMID: 37678482 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal damage and inflammation are major health and welfare issues in aquaculture. Considerable efforts have been devoted to enhancing intestinal health, with a specific emphasis on dietary additives. Branch chain amino acids, particularly leucine, have been reported to enhance growth performance in various studies. However, few studies have focused on the effect of leucine on the intestinal function and its underlying molecular mechanism is far from fully illuminated. In the present study, we comprehensively evaluated the effect of dietary leucine supplementation on intestinal physiology, signaling transduction and microbiota in fish. Juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) (10.13 ± 0.01g) were fed with control diet (Con diet) and leucine supplementation diet (Leu diet) for 10 weeks. The findings revealed significant improvements in intestinal morphology and function in the turbot fed with Leu diet. Leucine supplementation also resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of mucosal barrier genes, indicating enhanced intestinal integrity. The transcriptional levels of pro-inflammatory factors il-1β, tnf-α and irf-1 was decreased in response to leucine supplementation. Conversely, the level of anti-inflammatory factors tgf-β, il-10 and nf-κb were up-regulated by leucine supplementation. Dietary leucine supplementation led to an increase in intestinal complement (C3 and C4) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, along with elevated antioxidant activity. Moreover, dietary leucine supplementation significantly enhanced the postprandial phosphorylation level of the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway in the intestine. Finally, intestinal bacterial richness and diversity were modified and intestinal bacterial composition was re-shaped by leucine supplementation. Overall, these results provide new insights into the beneficial role of leucine supplementation in promoting intestinal health in turbot, offering potential implications for the use of leucine as a nutritional supplement in aquaculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Sui
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Dietary Leucine Improves Fish Intestinal Barrier Function by Increasing Humoral Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Tight Junction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054716. [PMID: 36902147 PMCID: PMC10003359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study attempted to evaluate the possible impact and mechanism of leucine (Leu) on fish intestinal barrier function. One hundred and five hybrid Pelteobagrus vachelli ♀ × Leiocassis longirostris ♂ catfish were fed with six diets in graded levels of Leu 10.0 (control group), 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, and 40.0 g/kg diet for 56 days. Results showed that the intestinal activities of LZM, ACP, and AKP and contents of C3, C4, and IgM had positive linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary Leu levels. The mRNA expressions of itnl1, itnl2, c-LZM, g-LZM, and β-defensin increased linearly and/or quadratically (p < 0.05). The ROS, PC, and MDA contents had a negative linear and/or quadratic response, but GSH content and ASA, AHR, T-SOD, and GR activities had positive quadratic responses to dietary Leu levels (p < 0.05). No significant differences on the CAT and GPX activities were detected among treatments (p > 0.05). Increasing dietary Leu level linearly and/or quadratically increased the mRNA expressions of CuZnSOD, CAT, and GPX1α. The GST mRNA expression decreased linearly while the GCLC and Nrf2 mRNA expressions were not significantly affected by different dietary Leu levels. The Nrf2 protein level quadratically increased, whereas the Keap1 mRNA expression and protein level decreased quadratically (p < 0.05). The translational levels of ZO-1 and occludin increased linearly. No significant differences were indicated in Claudin-2 mRNA expression and protein level. The transcriptional levels of Beclin1, ULK1b, ATG5, ATG7, ATG9a, ATG4b, LC3b, and P62 and translational levels of ULK1, LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ, and P62 linearly and quadratically decreased. The Beclin1 protein level was quadratically decreased with increasing dietary Leu levels. These results suggested that dietary Leu could improve fish intestinal barrier function by increasing humoral immunity, antioxidative capacities, and tight junction protein levels.
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Zhang MM, An LY, Hu WX, Li ZY, Qiang YY, Zhao BY, Han TS, Wu CC. Mechanism of endometrial MUC2 in reproductive performance in mice through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway after lipopolysaccharide treatment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113177. [PMID: 35030527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to endotoxin on the reproductive performance of humans and animals in pregnancy and delivery period. Mucin is considered to play a critical role in protecting the tissue epithelium. At pregnancy period, the MUC2 expression of uterus in the High LPS group was significantly higher than that in the Control group. The glycosaminoglycans of gland cells were secreted into the uterine cavity to protect the uterus. Then, the MUC2 layer became thinner, and LPS entered the lamina propria of the uterus. The mRNA expression of tight junction proteins showed a marked drop, and morphological damage of the uterus occurred. Subsequently, the glycosaminoglycans of gland cells in the High LPS and Low LPS groups increased with the increasing LPS dose, and the damage to the endometrial epithelium was repaired in female mice at Day 5 postdelivery. A low dose of LPS activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to increase the glycosaminoglycans particles, while a high dose of LPS inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to decrease the glycosaminoglycans particles. Taken together, our results suggest that gland cells secreted glycosaminoglycans particles into the uterine cavity by exocytosis to increase the thickness of the mucus layer to protect the uterus and that this process was regulated by PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yan An
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiang Hu
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yang Li
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yun Qiang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Yu Zhao
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Suo Han
- Lanzhou Chia Tai Food CO. LTD, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Chen Wu
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Shi G, Jiang H, Feng J, Zheng X, Zhang D, Jiang C, Zhang J. Aloe vera mitigates dextran sulfate sodium-induced rat ulcerative colitis by potentiating colon mucus barrier. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114108. [PMID: 33839199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Aloe vera) is a medicinal herb that used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practice for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as constipation and colitis. Recent studies also reported its beneficial effect in mitigating ulcerative colitis (UC). Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of Aloe vera against UC remain largely unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore a relation between the therapeutical effects of Aloe vera in UC and colonic mucus secretion, and further investigate the underlying pathways through which Aloe vera regulates colon mucus as well as preliminarily studied the main active constitute of Aloe vera to alleviate UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS UPLC-MS/MS were employed to analyze the Aloe vera extract. The rat models of UC were induced by free subjected to fresh 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) solution for 8 days and then accessed to tap water for 2 days. Aloe vera extract (18 mg/kg and 72 mg/kg) or 5-ASA (400 mg/kg) was administered orally from day 1-10. At the end of experiment, rats were sacrificed and the colon tissues were harvested for analysis. UC symptoms was evaluated by disease activity index (DAI), colon length and H&E staining. The Alcian blue stain were determined colon mucus layer. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, mucin and inflammatory cytokines in colon tissues were determined by ELISA. The expression of related proteins on PI3K/AKT and PKC/ERK signaling pathway was analyzed by Western blot. We then evaluated the effects of three main components of Aloe vera (Aloe-emodin, aloin A and B) on mucin secretion and cytokine expression in vitro by ELISA. RESULTS Oral supplement with Aloe vera extract resulted in a significantly decreased DSS-induced UC symptoms, including decreased DAI, prevention of the colon length shortening, and alleviation of the pathological changes occurring in colon. The expression of colonic pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were suppressed, yet the expression of IL-10 was up-regulated by Aloe vera treatment. Moreover, Aloe vera significantly up-regulated the expressions of mucin proteins (e.g., MUC2 and MUC5AC) and increased the thickness of mucus layer in the colon. Further, we revealed that Aloe vera significantly upregulated p-PKC and p-ERK expression and downregulated p-PI3K and p-AKT expression. Finally, we discovered that treat with aloin A markedly decreased IL-6 levels and increased MUC2 expression in LPS-stimulated LS174T cell. CONCLUSION These results support that Aloe vera improved UC by enhancing colon mucus barrier functions in addition to reducing inflammation. Moreover, aloin A might be a main active components of Aloe vera to ameliorate UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Shi
- School of Third Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jianrong Feng
- Department of colorectal surgery, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211200, PR China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Dongjian Zhang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Third Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China.
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Liu Y, Yu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. The role of MUC2 mucin in intestinal homeostasis and the impact of dietary components on MUC2 expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:884-891. [PMID: 32707285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MUC2 mucin is an important secretory protein found in the human gut. Recent studies indicated that MUC2 mucin plays a role in the protection of gut barrier, the regulation of microbiome homeostasis and the prevention of diseases. In this review, the physiological properties of MUC2 mucin and its interactions with the intestinal microbiome are firstly discussed. Its roles in intestinal diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and parasitic infections are concluded. We also reviewed dietary components known to have modulative effects on MUC2 mucin expression, such as polysaccharides, amino acids and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xinjie Yu
- Hwa Chong Institution (College), 661 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 269734, Singapore
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
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Gu C, Mao X, Chen D, Yu B, Yang Q. Isoleucine Plays an Important Role for Maintaining Immune Function. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:644-651. [PMID: 30843485 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190305163135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids are the essential nutrients for humans and many animals. As functional amino acids, they play important roles in physiological functions, including immune functions. Isoleucine, as one of the branched chain amino acids, is also critical in physiological functions of the whole body, such as growth, immunity, protein metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and glucose transportation. Isoleucine can improve the immune system, including immune organs, cells and reactive substances. Recent studies have also shown that isoleucine may induce the expression of host defense peptides (i.e., β-defensins) that can regulate host innate and adaptive immunity. In addition, isoleucine administration can restore the effect of some pathogens on the health of humans and animals via increasing the expression of β-defensins. Therefore, the present review will emphatically discuss the effect of isoleucine on immunity while summarizing the relationship between branched chain amino acids and immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsong Gu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease- Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease- Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease- Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease- Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, KS, United States
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L'Huillier C, Jarbeau M, Achamrah N, Belmonte L, Amamou A, Nobis S, Goichon A, Salameh E, Bahlouli W, do Rego JL, Déchelotte P, Coëffier M. Glutamine, but not Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Restores Intestinal Barrier Function during Activity-Based Anorexia. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061348. [PMID: 31208031 PMCID: PMC6628073 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During activity-based anorexia (ABA) in mice, enhanced paracellular permeability and reduced protein synthesis have been shown in the colon while the gut–brain axis has received increasing attention in the regulation of intestinal and mood disorders that frequently occur during anorexia nervosa, a severe eating disorder for which there is no specific treatment. In the present study, we assessed the effects of oral glutamine (Gln) or branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation during ABA to target intestinal functions, body composition and feeding behavior. Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were randomized in Control (CTRL) and ABA groups. After ABA induction, mice received, or not, either 1% Gln or 2.5% BCAA (Leu, Ile, Val) for one week in drinking water. Results: Neither Gln nor BCAA supplementation affected body weight and body composition, while only Gln supplementation slightly increased food intake. ABA mice exhibited increased paracellular permeability and reduced protein synthesis in the colonic mucosa. Oral Gln restored colonic paracellular permeability and protein synthesis and increased the mucin-2 mRNA level, whereas BCAA did not affect colonic parameters. Conclusion: In conclusion, oral Gln specifically improves colonic response during ABA. These data should be further confirmed in AN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément L'Huillier
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Marine Jarbeau
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Najate Achamrah
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Liliana Belmonte
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Asma Amamou
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Séverine Nobis
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Alexis Goichon
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Emmeline Salameh
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Wafa Bahlouli
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Jean-Luc do Rego
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Animal Behavior Facility, SCAC, UNIROUEN, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
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Kimura I, Dohgu S, Takata F, Matsumoto J, Kawahara Y, Nishihira M, Sakada S, Saisho T, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor upregulates blood-brain barrier function through increased claudin-5 and occludin expression in rat brain endothelial cells. Neurosci Lett 2019; 694:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Qi H, Meng C, Jin X, Li X, Li P, Gao X. Methionine Promotes Milk Protein and Fat Synthesis and Cell Proliferation via the SNAT2-PI3K Signaling Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11027-11033. [PMID: 30274521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) plays a critical regulatory role in milk production, however, the molecular mechanism of action of Met is largely unknown. This study therefore aimed to investigate the influence of Met on milk synthesis in and proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and explore the underlying mechanism. BMECs cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) free Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM)/F-12 medium were treated with Met (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 mM). Results showed that Met (0.6 mM) significantly increased milk protein and fat synthesis and cell proliferation. Met stimulation also increased mTOR phosphorylation and protein expression of SREBP-1c and Cyclin D1. Gene function study approaches further revealed that SNAT2 is a key regulator of these signaling pathways. PI3K inhibition experiments demonstrated that SNAT2 stimulates these pathways through regulating PI3K activity, and SNAT2 inhibition experiments further revealed that SNAT2 is required for Met to activate PI3K. Furthermore, immunofluorescence observation detected that Met stimulates SNAT2 cytoplasmic expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Met positively regulates milk protein and fat synthesis and cell proliferation via the SNAT2-PI3K signaling pathway in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Chunyu Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Xin Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Xueying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Ping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
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Mao X, Ren M, Chen D, Yu B, Che L, He J, Luo J, Luo Y, Wang J, Sun H. Leucine modulates the IPEC-J2 cell proteome associated with cell proliferation, metabolism and phagocytosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:316-321. [PMID: 30175261 PMCID: PMC6116325 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leucine can affect intestinal protein expressions, and improve mucosal immune function. However, little study has been conducted to determine the change of protein component by leucine treatment in intestine epithelial cells. The present study was to cover the key proteins and cell pathways that could be regulated by leucine treatment in porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) cells with the approach of proteome analysis. A total number of 3,211 proteins were identified in our approach by searching the database of Uniprot sus scrofa. Among identified proteins, there were 101 proteins expressed differently between control group and leucine group. Compared with the control group, there were 50 up-regulated proteins and 51 down-regulated proteins in leucine group. In these proteins, leucine treatment decreased the expression of some proteins including pyruvate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, E3 ubiquitin ligase, cathepsin D, caspase 3 and caspase 6, and increased the levels of some proteins, such as some eukaryotic translation initiation factors, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase, DNA-related RNA polymerase II, urokinase plasminogen activator, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2b, MutL homolog 1, 5-methylcytosine binding domain 4, polymerase δ, α-tubulin, syntaxin 18, Ras homolog D, actin related protein 2/3 complex and cofilin. Via the analysis of Gene Ontology and pathways, these proteins in IPEC-J2 cells were related with some physiological functions, such as protein metabolism, glycolysis, cell proliferation, apoptosis and phagocytosis. Thus, these results suggest that leucine affects gut barrier function possibly via regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, metabolism and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Man Ren
- Animal Science Collage, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jun He
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
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