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Barrick L, Bechtel K, Cooper G, Hall JE, Levine DA, Reichard KG, Reed J, White ML, Langhan ML. Building the Foundation: A Call to Action for Baseline Data. Pediatr Emerg Care 2023; 39:294-295. [PMID: 36625447 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Sixto-Costoya A, Alonso-Arroyo A, Castelló-Cogollo L, Aleixandre-Benavent R, Valderrama-Zurián JC. Gender presence on the editorial boards of journals in the Women's Studies subject category. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2022.102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Keyes LE, Schlein SM, Brown AB, Polukoff NE, Byrne A, Pollock NW. Gender Distribution Associated With the Journal Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. Wilderness Environ Med 2022; 33:267-274. [PMID: 35753901 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Publication and peer review are fundamental to career advancement in science and academic medicine. Studies demonstrate that women are underrepresented in science publishing. We evaluated the gender distribution of contributors to Wilderness & Environmental Medicine (WEM) from 2010 through 2019. METHODS We extracted author data from ScienceDirect, reviewer data from the WEM Editorial Manager database, and editorial board data from journal records. Gender (female and male) was classified using automated probability-based assessment with Genderize.io software. RESULTS A total of 2297 unique authors were published over the 10-y span, generating 3613 authorships, of which gender was classified for 96% (n=3480). Women represented 26% (n=572) of all authors, which breaks down to 22% of all, 19% of first, 28% of second, and 18% of last authorships. Women represented 20% of peer reviewers (508/2517), 20% of reviewers-in-training (19/72), and 16% of editorial board members (7/45). The proportion of female authors, first authors, and reviewers increased over time. Women received fewer invitations per reviewer than men (mean 2.1 [95% CI 2.0-2.3] vs 2.4 [95% CI 2.3-2.5]; P=0.004), accepted reviews at similar rates (mean 73 vs 71%; P=0.214), and returned reviews 1.4 d later (mean 10.4 [CI 9.5-11.3] vs 9.0 d [95% CI 8.5-9.6]; P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS While female representation increased over the study period, women comprise a minority of WEM authors, peer reviewers, and editorial board members. Gender equity could be improved by identifying and eliminating barriers to participation, addressing any potential bias in review processes, implementing strategies to increase female-authored submissions, and increasing mentorship and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda E Keyes
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO.
| | - Sarah M Schlein
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Alainna B Brown
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | - Neal W Pollock
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Mannix A, Gore K, Parsons M, Rehmam M, Monteiro S, Gottlieb M. Gender Distribution of Emergency Medicine Podcast Speakers. Ann Emerg Med 2022; 80:60-64. [PMID: 35396130 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Over the past 2 decades, podcasting has become an easy and inexpensive way to disseminate information. Given the increasing importance of podcasts in medicine and medical education, it is important to understand the current status of diverse voices on podcasts. The primary objective of this study was to describe the distribution of women and men as hosts and guest speakers among 3 popular emergency medicine podcasts across a 10-year period. The secondary objective was to evaluate the association between host gender and speaker gender. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of the gender distribution of hosts and guest speakers among 3 popular emergency medicine podcasts from July 2011 to June 2021. Data were extracted and their gender determined using pronouns listed in their faculty profiles or using Genderize. The data were presented descriptively using subanalyses by year and the type of speaker. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the likelihood of a single host predicting a speaker's gender. RESULTS We identified 2,834 podcasts (n=5,962 speakers), with 964 (16.2%) women and 4,996 (83.8%) men speakers. Among hosts, 10.2% were women and 89.8% were men, whereas among guest speakers, 23.4% were women and 76.5% were men. The distribution of women speakers increased from 9.1% in 2011 to 23.1% in 2021. Having a woman host had an OR of 2.40 (95% CI 1.72 to 3.34) for having a woman guest speaker, whereas having a man host had an OR of 0.42 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.58) for having a woman guest speaker. CONCLUSION Among the 3 popular emergency medicine podcasts, there are few women speakers, hosts, and guest speakers; however, the proportion has risen over the past 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mannix
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL.
| | - Katarzyna Gore
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center. Chicago, IL
| | - Melissa Parsons
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Maham Rehmam
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Sandra Monteiro
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Michael Gottlieb
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center. Chicago, IL
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5
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Gibney R, Cantwell C, Wray A, Boysen-Osborn M, Wiechmann W, Saadat S, Smart J, Toohey S. Influence of Factors Relating to Sex and Gender on Rank List Decisions and Perceptions of Residency Training: Survey Study. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 8:e33592. [PMID: 35380547 PMCID: PMC9019614 DOI: 10.2196/33592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Females make up more than half of medical school matriculants but only one-third of emergency medicine (EM) residents. Various factors may contribute to why fewer females choose the field of EM, such as the existing presence of females in the specialty. OBJECTIVE This study is a follow-up to previous work, and a survey is used to assess current residents' attitudes and perceptions on various factors, including those relating to sex and gender on creating rank lists as medical students and in perceived effects on residency education. METHODS A web-based survey consisting of Likert scale questions regarding a variety of factors influencing a student's decision to create a rank list and in perceived effects on residency education was sent to current EM residents in 2020. RESULTS Residents from 17 programs participated in the survey with an 18.2% (138/758) response rate. The most important factors in creating a rank list were the personality of residents in the program, location, and facility type. For factors specifically related to gender, respondents who answered affirmatively to whether the gender composition of residents affected the selection of a program in making a rank list were more likely to also answer affirmatively to subsequent questions related to the gender of program leadership (P<.001) and gender composition of attending physicians (P<.001). The personality of residents was also the most important factor perceived to affect residency education. For factors influencing rank list and residency education, female respondents placed higher importance on subcategories related to gender (ie, gender composition of the residents, of the program leadership, and of the attending physicians) to a significant degree compared with their male counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Although factors such as location and resident personality show the most importance in influencing residency selection, when stratifying based on respondent sex, females tend to indicate that factors relating to gender have more influence on rank list and residency education compared with males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Gibney
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Christina Cantwell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Alisa Wray
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Megan Boysen-Osborn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Warren Wiechmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Soheil Saadat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Smart
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Shannon Toohey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, United States
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Mannix A, Parsons M, Davenport D, Chan T, Monteiro S, Gottlieb M. Author gender diversity within emergency medicine publications. Acad Emerg Med 2022; 29:497-499. [PMID: 35064713 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mannix
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine–Jacksonville Jacksonville Florida USA
| | - Melissa Parsons
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine–Jacksonville Jacksonville Florida USA
| | - Dayle Davenport
- Department of Emergency Medicine Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Teresa Chan
- Department of Emergency Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Sandra Monteiro
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Michael Gottlieb
- Department of Emergency Medicine Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA
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Oh L, Linden JA, Zeidan A, Salhi B, Lema PC, Pierce AE, Greene AL, Werner SL, Heron SL, Lall, MD, Finnell JT, Franks N, Battaglioli NJ, Haber J, Sampson C, Fisher J, Pillow MT, Doshi AA, Lo B. Overcoming barriers to promotion for women and underrepresented in medicine faculty in academic emergency medicine. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2021; 2:e12552. [PMID: 34984414 PMCID: PMC8692182 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Equity in the promotion of women and underrepresented minorities (URiM) is essential for the advancement of academic emergency medicine and the specialty as a whole. Forward-thinking healthcare organizations can best position themselves to optimally care for an increasingly diverse patient population and mentor trainees by championing increased diversity in senior faculty ranks, leadership, and governance roles. This article explores several potential solutions to addressing inequities that hinder the advancement of women and URiM faculty. It is intended to complement the recently approved American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) policy statement aimed at overcoming barriers to promotion of women and URiM faculty in academic emergency medicine. This policy statement was jointly released and supported by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM), American Academy of Emergency Medicine (AAEM), and the Association of Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine (AACEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Oh
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Judith A. Linden
- Department of Emergency MedicineBoston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amy Zeidan
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Bisan Salhi
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Penelope C. Lema
- Department of Emergency MedicineColumbia University Valegos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Ava E. Pierce
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Andrea L. Greene
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity Medical CenterEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Sandra L. Werner
- Department of Emergency MedicineMetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Sheryl L. Heron
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - John T. Finnell
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Nicole Franks
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Jordana Haber
- Department of Emergency MedicineUNLV School of MedicineLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Christopher Sampson
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Jonathan Fisher
- Department of Emergency MedicineUNTHSC‐TCU School of MedicineFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - M. Tyson Pillow
- Department of Emergency MedicineBaylor College of MedicineDallasTexasUSA
| | - Ankur A. Doshi
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Bruce Lo
- Department of Emergency MedicineSentara Norfolk General Hospital/Eastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
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8
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Ravioli S, Rupp A, Exadaktylos AK, Lindner G. Gender distribution in emergency medicine journals: editorial board memberships in top-ranked academic journals. Eur J Emerg Med 2021; 28:380-385. [PMID: 34115712 DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite an established gender gap in academic medicine, evidence on gender diversity in emergency medicine is scarce. In the present study, gender distribution of editorial boards and among editors-in-chief of 31 emergency medicine journals was investigated in 2020/2021 and compared to 2015 and 2010. Additionally, gender distribution in editorial boards of emergency medicine journals was compared to editorial boards in five different medical specialties. METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, gender of editorial board members and editors-in-chief of journals ranked in the Clarivate Analytics 'Journal Citation Report' (JCR) of 2019 in the sections 'Emergency Medicine', 'Medicine General and Internal', 'Surgery', 'Obstetrics and Gynecology', 'Pediatrics' and 'Orthopedics' were analyzed. RESULTS In the investigated 31 emergency medicine journals, three out of 35 editors-in-chief (9%) and 299 out of 1810 editorial board members (17%) were women in 2020/2021. In 2015 and 2010, two editors-in-chief were women (13% vs. 15%). In 2015, 19% of editorial board members were women and in 2010 it was 18%, respectively. There was no significant difference in gender distribution among editors-in-chief and editorial board members comparing 2020/2021 with 2015 and 2010 (P = 0.76 vs. P = 0.40, respectively). There was a lower percentage of women in editorial boards of emergency medicine journals compared to the top five JCR-ranked journals in the categories 'Medicine General and Internal', 'Surgery', 'Gynecology and Obstetrics' and 'Pediatrics'. CONCLUSION The gender gap in editorial boards and among editors-in-chief of emergency medicine journals seems to be consistent for the last 10 years. Gender disparity appears to be substantial in academic emergency medicine: The percentage of women in emergency medicine editorial boards was lower compared to editorial boards of four other medical specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Ravioli
- Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Buergerspital Solothurn, Solothurn
| | - Adrienne Rupp
- Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Buergerspital Solothurn, Solothurn
| | | | - Gregor Lindner
- Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Buergerspital Solothurn, Solothurn
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Vural S, Sayılan G, Şentürk B, Yılmaz MB, Çoşkun F. Women's representation in emergency medicine journals across two decades: 2000-2019. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 50:501-506. [PMID: 34536722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim was to determine women's representation as authors in emergency medicine journals in various authorship positions over the last 20 years. The secondary aim was to compare the two decades to analyze the development over time. METHOD We conducted a retrospective bibliometric analysis of three emergency medicine journals from the online archives of 2000-2019. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 7939 original research and review articles. Female authorships at the first (25,8%), last (18,7%), and corresponding (21,6%) positions were limited, despite the relatively high presence rate (72,5%). Women authored 13,1% of all single-authored publications. When the number of authors increased, the odds for women as co-authors increased. However, the odds for last and corresponding authorship decreased, while the odds for the first authorship remained unchanged. When two decades were compared, we found that proportions of women as first and corresponding authorship increased ([23,8% vs. 27,0%] p = 0.001 and [20,0% vs. 22,6%] p = 0.228, respectively) while the representation as the last author remained unchanged ([19,4% vs 18,3%] p = 0.006). The presence of women in any authorship position also increased significantly ([66,1% vs. 76,5%] p = 0.000) across two decades, with similar trends for the different journals studied. However, the yearly analysis shows that women's representation follows a fluctuating pattern with a minimal increase. When analyzing specific journals, we found that the increase in female authors as first and corresponding authors was limited to Academic Emergency Medicine ([24,7% vs 34,5%] p = 0.000 and [21,4% vs 32,1%] p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Results of this study are promising in showing that the representation of women in emergency medicine publications is rising during the recent decade. Although the academic gender gap has not been closed, steps taken for gender equality in academic emergency medicine are clearly notable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevilay Vural
- Yozgat Bozok University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Gülden Sayılan
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bihter Şentürk
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Birhan Yılmaz
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Çoşkun
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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Sethuraman KN, Lin M, Rounds K, Fang A, Lall MD, Parsons M, Linden JA, Gursahani K, Raukar N, Perman SM, Dobiesz VA. Here to chair: Gender differences in the path to leadership. Acad Emerg Med 2021; 28:993-1000. [PMID: 33511736 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Career paths leading to department chair positions are elusive. Women represent only 11% of academic emergency department (ED) chairs. It is unclear whether the pathway to chair is different for men and women; the characteristics, achievements, and qualifications among those who become ED chairs is unknown. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional analysis of curriculum vitae (CV) of current ED chairs in departments with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited residency programs. Former women chairs were included due to paucity of current women chairs. Statistics were calculated using bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Of 163 eligible chairs, 88 CV (54%) were obtained, including six former women chairs. A majority (86.4%) self-identified as White/Caucasian, 21.5% were women, 46% were chief residents, 28.4% completed additional postgraduate degrees, and 21.8% were fellowship trained. At time of chair appointment, 58% were professor rank, 53.5% held ED operations roles, and 32% served as vice chair. Women were more likely to be in educational (53% vs. 22%) versus operational (26% vs. 61%, p = 0.02) roles. Women obtained more advanced degrees (47% vs. 25%, p = 0.02), were awarded more nonfederal grants (median = 7 vs. 3, p = 0.04), and achieved more national committee leadership (median = 4 vs. 1, p = 0.02). There were no gender differences in fellowship training, awards, leadership training programs, publications, federal grants, or national/international lectures after adjusting for years in practice. CONCLUSION While the majority of chairs held prior leadership roles in ED operations, only one in five women chairs did, suggesting gender differences in the path to chair attainment. These differences in paths may contribute to persistent gender disparities in ED chairs and may be influenced by career path choices, implicit bias, and structural barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Lin
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Population Health Science & Policy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Kirsten Rounds
- Formerly of Brown Emergency Medicine Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - Andrea Fang
- Department of Emergency Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto California USA
| | - Michelle D. Lall
- Department of Emergency Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Melissa Parsons
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville Florida USA
| | - Judith A. Linden
- Department of Emergency Medicine Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Kamal Gursahani
- Division of Emergency Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Neha Raukar
- Department of Emergency Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Sarah M. Perman
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado Denver Colorado USA
| | - Valerie A. Dobiesz
- Department of Emergency Medicine Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
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Lall MD, Bilimoria KY, Lu DW, Zhan T, Barton MA, Hu YY, Beeson MS, Adams JG, Nelson LS, Baren JM. Prevalence of Discrimination, Abuse, and Harassment in Emergency Medicine Residency Training in the US. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2121706. [PMID: 34410392 PMCID: PMC8377562 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The prevalence of workplace mistreatment and its association with the well-being of emergency medicine (EM) residents is unclear. More information about the sources of mistreatment might encourage residency leadership to develop and implement more effective strategies to improve professional well-being not only during residency but also throughout the physician's career. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence, types, and sources of perceived workplace mistreatment during training among EM residents in the US and the association between mistreatment and suicidal ideation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this survey study conducted from February 25 to 29, 2020, all residents enrolled in EM residencies accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) who participated in the 2020 American Board of Emergency Medicine computer-based In-training Examination were invited to participate. A multiple-choice, 35-item survey was administered after the examination asking residents to self-report the frequency, sources, and types of mistreatment experienced during residency training and whether they had suicidal thoughts. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The types and frequency of workplace mistreatment and the sources of the mistreatment were identified, and rates of self-reported suicidality were obtained. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine resident and program characteristics associated with suicidal thoughts. RESULTS Of 8162 eligible EM residents, 7680 (94.1%) responded to at least 1 question on the survey; 6503 (79.7%) completed the survey in its entirety. A total of 243 ACGME-accredited residency programs participated, and 1 did not. The study cohort included 4768 male residents (62.1%), 2698 female residents (35.1%), 4919 non-Hispanic White residents (64.0%), 2620 residents from other racial/ethnic groups (Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian or Pacific Islander, African American, Mexican American, Native Hawaiian, Puerto Rican, other Hispanic, or mixed or other race) (34.1%), 483 residents who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or other (LGBTQ+) (6.3%), and 5951 residents who were married or in a relationship (77.5%). Of the total participants, 3463 (45.1%) reported exposure to some type of workplace mistreatment (eg, discrimination, abuse, or harassment) during the most recent academic year. A frequent source of mistreatment was identified as patients and/or patients' families; 1234 respondents (58.7%) reported gender discrimination, 867 (67.5%) racial discrimination, 282 (85.2%) physical abuse, and 723 (69.1%) sexual harassment from patients and/or family members. Suicidal thoughts occurring during the past year were reported by 178 residents (2.5%), with similar prevalence by gender (108 men [2.4%]; 59 women [2.4%]) and race/ethnicity (113 non-Hispanic White residents [2.4%]; 65 residents from other racial/ethnic groups [2.7%]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this survey study, EM residents reported that workplace mistreatment occurred frequently. The findings suggest common sources of mistreatment for which educational interventions may be developed to help ensure resident wellness and career satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D. Lall
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Dave W. Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Yue-Yung Hu
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - James G. Adams
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lewis S. Nelson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jill M. Baren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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12
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Gender inequalities on editorial boards of indexed pediatrics journals. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:300-314. [PMID: 33239709 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of women in decision-making positions, such as on editorial committees of biomedical journals, is not the same as that of men. This paper analyzes the gender composition of editorial committees (EBMs) and editors-in-chief (ECs) positions of pediatric journals. METHODS The gender of EBMs and ECs of 125 journals classified in the pediatrics area of the Journal Citation Report (JCR) was analyzed. The following indicators were calculated: gender distribution of ECs and EBMs by journal, publisher, subject speciality, country, quartile of the journal in JCR and country of affiliation of the members. RESULTS The total number of EBMs was 4242. The distribution by sex of the ECs was 19.44% women and 80.56% men, while that of the EBMs were 33.05% women and 66.95% men. Twenty journals exhibited a greater representation of women than of men, and in four there was parity. Journals with greater participation of women specialized in nursing and physical therapy and were related to nutrition (lactation and breastfeeding). CONCLUSIONS Only one-fifth of ECs and one-third of EBMs are females. Women's participation is higher in journals related to nursing, physical and occupational therapy, and nutrition. The United States has the highest number of EBMs, followed by the European Union. IMPACT Only one-fifth of Editors-in-chief in pediatrics journals are female. Only one-third of Editorial Board Members in pediatrics journals are female. Women's participation is higher in editorials committees in pediatrics journals related to nursing, physical and occupational therapy, and nutrition. Medical and pediatric associations and societies must work together to eliminate the disparities that exist between women and men. Achieving gender equity and empowering all women is one of the World Health Organization's Sustainable Development Goals.
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13
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Mannix A, Parsons M, Davenport D, Monteiro S, Gottlieb M. The impact of COVID-19 on the gender distribution of emergency medicine journal authors. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 55:214-216. [PMID: 34315624 PMCID: PMC9010818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mannix
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine- Jacksonville, 655 w 8(th) Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA.
| | - Melissa Parsons
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine- Jacksonville, 655 w 8(th) Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA.
| | - Dayle Davenport
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1620 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sandra Monteiro
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, USA..
| | - Michael Gottlieb
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1620 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Disparity in Gender Representation of Speakers at National Emergency Medical Services Conferences: A Current Assessment and Proposed Path Forward. Prehosp Disaster Med 2021; 36:445-449. [PMID: 34190038 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x21000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gender disparities between Emergency Medicine physicians with regards to salary, promotion, and scholarly recognition as national conference speakers have been well-documented. However, little is known if similar gender disparities impact their out-of-hospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) colleagues. Although there have been improvements in the ratio of women entering the EMS workforce, gender representation has improved at a slower rate for paramedics compared to emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Since recruitment, retention, and advancement of females within a specialty have been associated with the visibility of prominent, respected female leaders, gender disparity of these leaders as national conference speakers may contribute to the "leaky pipeline effect" seen within the EMS profession. Gender representation of these speakers has yet to be described objectively. STUDY OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to determine if disparity exists in gender representation of speakers at well-known national EMS conferences and trade shows in the United States (US) from 2016-2020. The secondary objective was to determine if males were more likely than females to return to a conference as a speaker in subsequent years. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of programs from well-known national conferences, specifically for EMS providers, which were held in the US from 2016-2020 was performed. Programs were abstracted for type of conference session (pre-conference, keynote, main conference) and speakers' names. Speaker gender (male, female) was confirmed via internet search. RESULTS Seventeen conference programs were obtained with 1,709 conference sessions that had a total of 2,731 listed speaker names, of whom 537 (20%) were female. A total of 30 keynote addresses had 39 listed speaker names of whom six (15%) were female. No significant difference was observed in the number of years males returned to present at the same conference as compared to females. CONCLUSION Gender representation of speakers at national EMS conferences in the US is not reflective of the current best estimate of the US EMS workforce. This disparity exists not only in the overall percent of female names listed as speakers, but also in the percent of individual female speakers, and is most pronounced within keynote speakers. Online lecture platforms, as an unintentional consequent of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with intentional speaker development and mentorship initiatives, may reduce barriers to facilitating a new pipeline for more females to become speakers at national EMS conferences.
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Purdy ME, Zmuda BN, Owens AM, Choudhary V, Olsen RC, Bader JO, Donaldson CM. Gender differences in publication in emergency medicine journals. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 49:338-342. [PMID: 34229241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have suggested gender disparities in both pay and academic promotion which may adversely affect salary and career progression for female physicians. The areas of research output, funding, and authorship have not been fully and systematically examined in the emergency medicine literature. We hypothesize that gender differences may exist in research output, impact, authorship, and funding. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study examining all published articles in the top three emergency medicine journals as determined by Impact Factor between February 2015 and February 2018. We compared the authorship, number of citations of each article, funding, and h-index of each author by gender. RESULTS Of the 10,118 authors representing 4166 original articles in our sample, 7562 (74.7%) were male and 2556 (25.3%) were female, with females underrepresented relative to the known proportion of female emergency medicine faculty. Males were proportionally more likely to be last authors (OR 1.65, 95% CI, 1.47-1.86) and less likely to be first authors than females (OR 0.85, 95% CI, 0.77-0.94). No difference in proportions of males and females in terms of being named as having funding was found (OR 1.02, 95% CI, 0.78-1.35). Males had higher h-indexes than females (5 vs. 3, p < .001) as well as a higher average number of citations (OR 1.068, 95% CI, 1.018-1.119). CONCLUSIONS Males outnumber females in terms of numbers of publications, but also in number of citations, h-index, and last authorship. Future studies on physician gender disparities in emergency medicine need to account for these population differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Purdy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA
| | - Brittnee N Zmuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX 79920, USA.
| | - Allyson M Owens
- Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX 79920, USA.
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX 79920, USA
| | - Ryder C Olsen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040A Jackson Ave, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98431, USA
| | - Julia O Bader
- Department of Clinical Investigations, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX 79920, USA.
| | - Chase M Donaldson
- Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Anesthesia Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Feral-Pierssens AL, Avondo AA, De Stefano C, Deltour S, Lapostolle F. Gender disparity in emergency medicine authorship. Eur J Emerg Med 2021; 28:156-157. [PMID: 33674518 DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Feral-Pierssens
- IMPEC Federation
- Emergency Department, Georges Pompidou european Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- CR-CSIS, Sherbrooke University, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aurélie A Avondo
- Emergency Department, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris
| | - Carla De Stefano
- SAMU 93 - UF Recherche-Enseignement-Qualité, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris
- Inserm U942, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny
| | - Sandrine Deltour
- Stroke center, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Lapostolle
- IMPEC Federation
- SAMU 93 - UF Recherche-Enseignement-Qualité, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris
- Inserm U942, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny
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Hutchinson D, Das P, Lall MD, Hill J, Fares S, Khosa F. Emergency Medicine Journal Editorial Boards: Analysis of Gender, H-Index, Publications, Academic Rank, and Leadership Roles. West J Emerg Med 2021; 22:353-359. [PMID: 33856323 PMCID: PMC7972362 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.11.49122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our goal in this study was to determine female representation on editorial boards of high-ranking emergency medicine (EM) journals. In addition, we examined factors associated with gender disparity, including board members' academic rank, departmental leadership position, h-index, total publications, total citations, and total publishing years. METHODS In this retrospective study, we examined EM editorial boards with an impact factor of 1 or greater according to the Clarivate Journal Citations Report for a total of 16 journals. All board members with a doctor of medicine or doctor of osteopathic medicine degree, or international equivalent were included, resulting in 781 included board members. We analyzed board members' gender, academic rank, departmental leadership position, h-index, total publications, total citations, and total publishing years. RESULTS Gender disparity was clearly notable, with men holding 87.3% (682/781) of physician editorial board positions and women holding 12.7% (99/781) of positions. Only 6.6% (1/15) of included editorial board chiefs were women. Male editorial board members possessed higher h-indices, total citations, and more publishing years than their female counterparts. Male board members held a greater number of departmental leadership positions, as well as higher academic ranks. CONCLUSION Significant gender disparity exists on EM editorial boards. Substantial inequalities between men and women board members exist in both the academic and departmental realms. Addressing these inequalities will likely be an integral part of achieving gender parity on editorial boards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Hutchinson
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Priya Das
- Universirty of Kerala, Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Kerala, India
| | - Michelle D Lall
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jesse Hill
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saleh Fares
- Zayed Military Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Vancouver General Hospital/University of British Columbia, Department of Radiology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Coverdale J, Aggarwal R, Morreale M, Balon R, Beresin EV, Guerrero APS, Louie A, Brenner A. Promoting Women to Editorial Leadership Positions at Academic Psychiatry. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2021; 45:4-6. [PMID: 33544377 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-021-01409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam Brenner
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Gottlieb M, Krzyzaniak SM, Mannix A, Parsons M, Mody S, Kalantari A, Ashraf H, Chan TM. Sex Distribution of Editorial Board Members Among Emergency Medicine Journals. Ann Emerg Med 2020; 77:117-123. [PMID: 32376090 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated that a sex disparity exists in the editorial boards of select specialties. However, there are limited data with respect to emergency medicine. We seek to determine the sex distribution of editors in chief and editorial board members among emergency medicine journals. METHODS In this cross-sectional survey, we compiled a list of all emergency medicine journals, using the Scimago Journal & Country Rank on August 13, 2019. We excluded journals that were no longer published, were not emergency medicine journals, had rotating editorial boards for each issue, or had no first names listed. We obtained the sex and editorial board role by using publicly available data on the journal Web sites. We assigned sex according to knowledge of the member or his or her online faculty profile and used the Genderize program (Genderize.io, Roskilde, Denmark) when sex could not be determined with the above-mentioned approach. We report descriptive statistics for the categoric data, stratified by position (editor in chief, editorial board member, social media editor, resident/fellow member) and country. RESULTS We identified 73 journals in Scimago; 37 met inclusion criteria, with data available to determine the sex in 99.5% of cases. There were 46 total editors in chief, with only 4 (8.7%) being women. Of 1,477 total editorial board members, only 241 were women (16.3%), with a range of 0% to 33.3% per journal. We found that 28.6% of social media editors (2/7) at 4 journals and 70% of resident or fellow editors (7/10) at 5 journals were women. CONCLUSION There is a notable sex disparity among emergency medicine journals' editors in chief and editorial board members. Efforts should be made to improve sex distribution among editorial boards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gottlieb
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
| | - Sara M Krzyzaniak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL
| | - Alexandra Mannix
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Melissa Parsons
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Shivany Mody
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Annahieta Kalantari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Hala Ashraf
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL
| | - Teresa M Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Agrawal P, Madsen TE, Lall M, Zeidan A. Gender Disparities in Academic Emergency Medicine: Strategies for the Recruitment, Retention, and Promotion of Women. AEM EDUCATION AND TRAINING 2020; 4:S67-S74. [PMID: 32072109 PMCID: PMC7011407 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although women comprise half of all medical students, the number of female academic emergency medicine (EM) physicians remains at approximately 27%. In addition, despite having equivalent credentials, female EM faculty remain underrecognized and undercompensated when compared to their male counterparts. Recent studies have shown superior outcomes among patients treated by EM physicians who are women; however, disparities in advancement persist. This white paper, prepared on behalf of the Academy for Women in Academic Emergency Medicine, describes recent evidence demonstrating gender disparities in the EM workforce including content presented at the 2019 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting. The authors describe strategies to address the identified problems. Specific recommendations include individual as well as institutional/systems-level approaches to creating directed programming and initiatives to recruit, support, and promote women at all aspects of the career continuum.
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