1
|
Li RD, Pillado E, DiLosa K, Chia MC, Visenio M, Zhan T, Eng JS, Amortegui D, Johnson JK, Sheahan MG, Bilimoria KY, Hu YY, Coleman DM. Perception of shared learning environment differs between vascular surgery and general surgery residents. J Vasc Surg 2024; 79:1224-1232. [PMID: 38070784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An enriching learning environment is integral to resident wellness and education. Integrated vascular (VS) and general surgery (GS) residents share 18 months of core GS rotations during the postgraduate years 1-3 (PGY1-3); differences in their experiences may help identify practical levers for change. METHODS We used a convergent mixed-methods design. Cross-sectional surveys were administered after the 2020 American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination and Vascular Surgery In-Training Examination, assessing eight domains of the learning environment and resident wellness. Multivariable logistic regression models identified factors associated with thoughts of attrition between categorical PGY1-3 residents at 57 institutions with both GS and VS programs. Resident focus groups were conducted during the 2022 Vascular Annual Meeting to elicit more granular details about the experience of the learning environment. Transcripts were analyzed using inductive and deductive logics until thematic saturation was achieved. RESULTS Surveys were completed by 205 VS and 1198 GS PGY1-3 residents (response rates 76.8% for VS and 82.5% for GS). After adjusting for resident demographics, PGY level, and program type, GS residents were more likely than their VS peers to consider leaving their programs (odds ratio [OR]: 2.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37-4.99). This finding did not persist after adjusting for differences in perceptions of the learning environment, specifically: GS residents had higher odds of mistreatment (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.36-2.90), poorer work-life integration (OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.41-5.87), less resident camaraderie (OR: 3.51, 95% CI: 2.26-5.45), and decreased meaning in work (OR: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.80-4.83). Qualitative data provided insight into how the shared learning environment was perceived differently: (1) vascular trainees expressed that early specialization and a smaller, more invested faculty allow for an apprenticeship model with early operative exposure, hands-on guidance, frequent feedback, and thus early skill acquisition (meaning in work); (2) a smaller program is conducive to closer relationships with co-residents and faculty, increasing familiarity (camaraderie and work-life integration); and (3) due to increased familiarity with program leadership, vascular trainees feel more comfortable reporting mistreatment, allowing for prompt responses (mistreatment). CONCLUSIONS Despite sharing a learning environment, VS and GS residents experience training differently, contributing to differential thoughts of attrition. These differences may be attributable to intrinsic features of the integrated training paradigm that are not easily replicated by GS programs, such as smaller program size and higher faculty investment due to early specialization. Alternative strategies to compensate for these inherent differences should be considered (eg, structured operative entrustment programs and faculty incentivization).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruojia Debbie Li
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, and Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Eric Pillado
- Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, and Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Kathryn DiLosa
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Matthew C Chia
- Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, and Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael Visenio
- Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, and Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, and Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Joshua S Eng
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Daniela Amortegui
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Julie K Johnson
- Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, and Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Malachi G Sheahan
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Karl Y Bilimoria
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yue-Yung Hu
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Dawn M Coleman
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akhavan AR, Zhan T, Lall MD, Barton MA, Reisdorff EJ, Hu Y, Bilimoria KY, Lu DW. Suicidal ideation, perception of personal safety, and career regret among emergency medicine residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. AEM Educ Train 2024; 8:e10955. [PMID: 38516253 PMCID: PMC10951625 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic was disruptive for trainees and may have affected career decisions for some learners. This study examined the impact of the pandemic on emergency medicine (EM) resident perceptions of their mental health, perceptions of personal safety, and career choice regret. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey study administered following the 2021 American Board of Emergency Medicine In-Training Examination (ITE). Survey measures included suicidal ideation (SI), COVID concerns in terms of infection prevention and control (IPC) training, COVID risk to self and/or COVID risk to family, and COVID-related career regret. COVID concerns were compared by gender and race/ethnicity using Pearson's chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the association between SI and COVID concerns, resident characteristics, and program characteristics. Results A total of 6980 out of 8491 EM residents (82.2%) from 244 programs completed the survey. Only 1.1% of participants reported insufficient training in COVID IPC practices. Participants were concerned about COVID risk to themselves (40.3%) and to their families (63.3%) due to their job roles. These concerns were more common among women or nonbinary (vs. men); all other races/ethnicities (vs. non-Hispanic Whites); senior residents (vs. PGY-1, PGY-2 residents); and residents who were married or in relationships (vs. single or divorced). A total of 6.1% of participants reported that COVID made them reconsider choosing EM as their career. Career regret in this cohort was higher than that in the proportion (3.2%) expressing career regret in the 2020 ITE (p < 0.001). Career regret was more common among women or nonbinary (vs. men); all other races/ethnicities (vs. non-Hispanic Whites); and senior residents (vs. PGY-1, PGY-2 residents). The overall SI rate was 2.6%, which did not differ from that of the 2020 sample of EM residents (2.5%, p = 0.88). Conclusions Many EM residents reported concerns about COVID risks to themselves and their families. Although the rate of SI remained unchanged, more EM residents reported career regret during the COVID pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arvin R. Akhavan
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Department of SurgeryNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Michelle D. Lall
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | | | - Yue‐Yung Hu
- Department of SurgeryNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Karl Y. Bilimoria
- Department of SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Dave W. Lu
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cappelli L, Poiset SJ, Khan M, Kayne A, Nelson NG, Gardner C, Uppendahl A, Zhan T, Wang ZX, Judy K, Andrews DW, Alnahhas I, Shi W. Institutional Validation Study Inferring 2% MGMT Methylation Positive Impact on Survival in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (GBM) Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e92-e93. [PMID: 37786215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) MATERIALS/METHODS: is a well-established prognostic factor in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). However, there is no consensus on a standardized method of threshold for MGMT testing. Previous studies have reported levels of as little as 1-3% to confer better prognosis. This study reports a single institutional experience of determining methylation status via methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM). Previous literature suggests 10% cutoff for MGMT methylation using MS-HRM. We hereby report clinical outcomes using a lower threshold of 2%. MATERIALS/METHODS GBM patients treated at our institution retrospectively reviewed between the years 2013 and 2022 were included in the study. Patients who received hypofractionated radiation (<60 Gy) were excluded. All patients had MS-HRM test for MGMT methylation status. A real-time PCR assay was used to amplify a 62 base-pair region of MGMT for both methylated and unmethylated alleles. PCR products underwent HRM analysis and the fraction of methylated DNA was determined by comparison with a standard curve. Clinical data were collected retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were performed to compare survival. RESULTS A total of 181 patients with newly diagnosed GBM were initially included in this study. 42 patients treated with hypofractionated radiation were excluded. All patients received concurrent and maintenance temozolomide. Median age was 61.5 years. A total of 84 patients had MGMT methylation levels <2%, and 55 patients had MGMT methylation level ≥ 2% with a median methylation level of 28.5% (Range 0.8%-100%). Patients with MGMT methylation level ≥ 2% had an improved median overall survival (25.1 vs 16.0 months; p = 0.006) and improved median progression free survival (11.3 vs 7.9 months; p = 0.017). In a multivariable mode that included age, use of tumor-treating fields, KPS, sex, and BMI, only age, KPS, and MGMT remained significant. CONCLUSION Our institutional review confirmed low level of MGMT hypermethylation (≥ 2%) predicts improved outcome in patients with newly diagnosed GBM. Further investigation on optimal cut off level for MGMT methylation is still warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Cappelli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - S J Poiset
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Khan
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A Kayne
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - N G Nelson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College & Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, Philadelphia, PA
| | - C Gardner
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A Uppendahl
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - T Zhan
- Dept of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Z X Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K Judy
- Dept of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - D W Andrews
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - I Alnahhas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - W Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cappelli L, Uppendahl A, Gardner C, Dejarlais A, Reddy A, Khan M, Kayne A, Poiset SJ, Zhan T, Judy K, Andrews DW, Simone NL, Alnahhas I, Shi W. Body Mass Index (BMI) at Time of Diagnosis as a Prognostic Indicator in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (GBM). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e93. [PMID: 37786217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer in adults with very poor prognosis. Metabolic drivers of tumorigenesis are highly relevant within the central nervous system, where glucose is the sole source of energy. The impact of obesity on survival outcomes in patients with GBM has not been well reported and some initial results are inconsistent. This study investigates the factor of body mass index (BMI) in patients diagnosed with GBM. This study evaluated the prognostic association of BMI with survival outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed GBM. MATERIALS/METHODS Patientswith newly diagnosed GBM at our institution from 2015-2022 were included in this study. All patients were >18 years of age and received 60 Gy of radiation therapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide following maximal safe resection. Through retrospective chart review, patient BMI at the time of diagnosis and overall survival (OS) were recorded. Analysis was done between patient groups of underweight/normal weight (BMI <25) and overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25.00). The subgroup of overweight patients was also divided into subgroups of overweight (BMI 25.00-29.99) and obese (BMI≥30.00). A difference in clinical outcomes of overall survival was evaluated between the groups using Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon and log-rank tests. RESULTS Atotal of 393 patients met inclusion criteria. Median age 57.3 years, range 18.8-92.7. 185 female and 208 were male. 120 patients had a BMI <25 and 273 had a BMI ≥ 25.00. Median survival in patients with BMI <25 was 24.90 months and in patients with BMI ≥ 25.00, 18.20 months (p = 0.0001; HR 0.6552, 95% CI 0.5299-0.8101). We further divided patients with BMI ≥ 25.00 to 25-29.99 (n = 152) and BMI≥30.00 (n = 121). Both groups' OS were significantly worse than patients with BMI < 25 (p = 0.006). There was no difference in survival outcomes between patients with a BMI 25.00-29.99 and BMI≥30.00, with median OS 19.0 months and 18.1 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Patient baseline BMI <25 appears to be a prognostic indicator and correlates to improves overall survival for patients with newly diagnosed GBM. This study adds to the existing literature supporting overweight/obesity is associated with worse survival for GBM patients. Additional studies are warranted for further analysis of BMI and survival outcomes in GBM patients across patient demographics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Cappelli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A Uppendahl
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - C Gardner
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A Dejarlais
- Drexel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A Reddy
- The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
| | - M Khan
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A Kayne
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - S J Poiset
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - T Zhan
- Dept of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K Judy
- Dept of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - D W Andrews
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - N L Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - I Alnahhas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - W Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu DW, Zhan T, Bilimoria KY, Reisdorff EJ, Barton MA, Nelson LS, Beeson MS, Lall MD. Workplace Mistreatment, Career Choice Regret, and Burnout in Emergency Medicine Residency Training in the United States. Ann Emerg Med 2023; 81:706-714. [PMID: 36754699 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The influence of workplace mistreatment on the well-being and career satisfaction of emergency medicine residents is unknown. This study examined the relationships between burnout, career choice regret, and workplace mistreatment in a national sample of emergency medicine residents. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of a survey study on the prevalence of workplace mistreatment among emergency residents. Residents who reported emotional exhaustion or depersonalization at least once per week were considered to have burnout. Residents who reported dissatisfaction with their decision to become an emergency physician were considered to have career choice regret. Respondents also reported the type (discrimination, abuse, sexual harassment) and frequency of mistreatment over the academic year. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for program characteristics, was used to examine resident characteristics associated with burnout and career choice regret, with the frequency of mistreatment as a covariate. RESULTS Of the 8,162 eligible residents, 7,680 (94.1 %) participated. About a third of respondents reported burnout (2,188 of 6,902, 31.7%), whereas a minority (224 of 6,923, 3.2%) reported career choice regret. Of the 7,087 responses on mistreatment frequency, 2,117 (29.9%) reported "a few times per year," and 1,296 (18.3%) reported "a few times per month or more." Compared with residents who never experienced mistreatment, residents who reported increasing frequencies of mistreatment were associated with having burnout-from mistreatment a few times per year (OR [odds ratio],1.6; 99% CI [confidence interval], 1.3 to 1.9) to a few times per month or more (OR, 3.3; 99% CI, 2.7 to 4.1). Compared with residents without burnout, residents who reported burnout were associated with having career choice regret (OR, 11.3; 99% CI, 7.0 to 18.1). After adjusting for burnout, there were no significant relationships between the frequency of mistreatment and career choice regret. CONCLUSIONS Workplace mistreatment is associated with burnout, but not career choice regret, among emergency medicine residents. Efforts to address workplace mistreatment may improve emergency medicine residents' professional well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dave W Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | - Lewis S Nelson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - Michelle D Lall
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiao Y, Zhang J, Yang X, Zhan T, Wu Z, Li Y, Zhao S, Li H, Weng J, Huo R, Wang J, Xu H, Sun Y, Wang S, Cao Y. Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Evaluation of the Spatial Relationship between Brain Arteriovenous Malformations and the Corticospinal Tract to Predict Postsurgical Motor Defects. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:17-25. [PMID: 36549849 PMCID: PMC9835926 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Preoperative evaluation of brain AVMs is crucial for the selection of surgical candidates. Our goal was to use artificial intelligence to predict postsurgical motor defects in patients with brain AVMs involving motor-related areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-three patients who underwent microsurgical resection of brain AVMs involving motor-related areas were retrospectively reviewed. Four artificial intelligence-based indicators were calculated with artificial intelligence on TOF-MRA and DTI, including FN5mm/50mm (the proportion of fiber numbers within 5-50mm from the lesion border), FN10mm/50mm (the same but within 10-50mm), FP5mm/50mm (the proportion of fiber voxel points within 5-50mm from the lesion border), and FP10mm/50mm (the same but within 10-50mm). The association between the variables and long-term postsurgical motor defects was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression with the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to select the optimal features to develop the machine learning model to predict postsurgical motor defects. The area under the curve was calculated to evaluate the predictive performance. RESULTS In patients with and without postsurgical motor defects, the mean FN5mm/50mm, FN10mm/50mm, FP5mm/50mm, and FP10mm/50mm were 0.24 (SD, 0.24) and 0.03 (SD, 0.06), 0.37 (SD, 0.27) and 0.06 (SD, 0.08), 0.06 (SD, 0.10) and 0.01 (SD, 0.02), and 0.10 (SD, 0.12) and 0.02 (SD, 0.05), respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses identified FN10mm/50mm as an independent risk factor for long-term postsurgical motor defects (P = .002). FN10mm/50mm achieved a mean area under the curve of 0.86 (SD, 0.08). The mean area under the curve of the machine learning model consisting of FN10mm/50mm, diffuseness, and the Spetzler-Martin score was 0.88 (SD, 0.07). CONCLUSIONS The artificial intelligence-based indicator, FN10mm/50mm, can reflect the lesion-fiber spatial relationship and act as a dominant predictor for postsurgical motor defects in patients with brain AVMs involving motor-related areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Jiao
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - J Zhang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - X Yang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - T Zhan
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - Z Wu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - Y Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - S Zhao
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - H Li
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - J Weng
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - R Huo
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - H Xu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - Y Sun
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - Y Cao
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cardell CF, Yuce TK, Zhan T, Eng JS, Cheung EO, Etkin CD, Amortegui D, Jones A, Buyske J, Bilimoria KY, Hu YY. What They Are Not Telling Us: Analysis of Nonresponders on a National Survey of Resident Well-Being. Ann Surg Open 2022; 3:e228. [PMID: 36590893 PMCID: PMC9782077 DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize nonrespondents to a national survey about trainee well-being, examine response patterns to questions of sensitive nature, and assess how nonresponse biases prevalence estimates of mistreatment and well-being. Background Surgical trainees are at risk for burnout and mistreatment, which are discernible only by self-report. Therefore, prevalence estimates may be biased by nonresponse. Methods A survey was administered with the 2018 and 2019 American Board of Surgery In-Training Examinations assessing demographics, dissatisfaction with education and career, mistreatment, burnout, thoughts of attrition, and suicidality. Responders in 2019 were characterized as survey "Completers," "Discontinuers" (quit before the end), and "Selective Responders" (selectively answered questions throughout). Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations of respondent type with mistreatment and well-being outcomes, adjusting for individual and program characteristics. Longitudinal survey identifiers linked survey responses for eligible trainees between 2018 and 2019 surveys to further inform nonresponse patterns. Results In 2019, 6956 (85.6%) of 8129 eligible trainees initiated the survey, with 66.5% Completers, 17.5% Discontinuers, and 16.0% Selective Responders. Items with the highest response rates included dissatisfaction with education and career (93.2%), burnout (86.3%), thoughts of attrition (90.8%), and suicidality (94.4%). Discontinuers and Selective Responders were more often junior residents and racially/ethnically minoritized than Completers. No differences were seen in burnout and suicidality rates between Discontinuers, Selective Responders, and Completers. Non-White or Hispanic residents were more likely to skip questions about racial/ethnic discrimination than non-Hispanic White residents (21.2% vs 15.8%; odds ratio [OR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.53), particularly when asked to identify the source. Women were not more likely to omit questions regarding gender/gender identity/sexual orientation discrimination (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.79-1.04) or its sources (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.89-1.16). Both Discontinuers and Selective Responders more frequently reported physical abuse (2.5% vs 1.1%; P = 0.001) and racial discrimination (18.3% vs 13.6%; P < 0.001) on the previous survey (2018) than Completers. Conclusions Overall response rates are high for this survey. Prevalence estimates of burnout, suicidality, and gender discrimination are likely minimally impacted by nonresponse. Nonresponse to survey items about racial/ethnic discrimination by racially/ethnically minoritized residents likely results in underestimation of this type of mistreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea F. Cardell
- From the Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
- Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL
| | - Tarik K. Yuce
- From the Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- From the Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Josh S. Eng
- From the Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Elaine O. Cheung
- From the Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Caryn D. Etkin
- From the Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniela Amortegui
- From the Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Jo Buyske
- The American Board of Surgery, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Yue-Yung Hu
- From the Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhan T, Zhou Z, Zhang T, Yan W, Zhai Y, Deng L, Wang W, BI N, Wang J, Wang X, Liu W, Xiao Z, Feng Q, Chen D, Lv J. Simultaneous Integrated Boost vs. Routine IMRT in Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Open-Label, Non-Inferiority, Randomized, Phase 3 Trial—Interim Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
9
|
Adee M, Zhuo Y, Zhong H, Zhan T, Aggarwal R, Shilton S, Chhatwal J. Author Correction: Assessing cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C testing pathways in Georgia using the Hep C Testing Calculator. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3101. [PMID: 35177757 PMCID: PMC8854413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yueran Zhuo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,College of Business, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Huaiyang Zhong
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rakesh Aggarwal
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Jagpreet Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brajcich BC, Yuce TK, Merkow RP, Bilimoria KY, McGee MF, Zhan T, Odell DD. Association of preoperative smoking with complications following major gastrointestinal surgery. Am J Surg 2022; 223:312-317. [PMID: 34119328 PMCID: PMC8648850 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding modifiable surgical risk factors is essential for preoperative optimization. We evaluated the association between smoking and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS Patients who underwent elective colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, or hepatic procedures were identified in the 2017 ACS NSQIP dataset. The primary outcome was 30-day death or serious morbidity (DSM). Secondary outcomes included pulmonary complications, wound complications, and readmission. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between smoking and these outcomes. RESULTS A total of 46,921 patients were identified, of whom 7,671 (16.3%) were smokers. Smoking was associated with DSM (23.2% vs. 20.4%, OR 1.15 [1.08-1.23]), wound complications (13.0% vs. 10.4%, OR 1.24 [1.14-1.34]), pulmonary complications (4.9% vs 2.9%, OR 1.93 [1.70-2.20]), and unplanned readmission (12.6% vs. 11%, OR 1.14 [95% CI 1.06-1.23]). CONCLUSIONS Smoking is associated with complications following major gastrointestinal surgery. Patients who smoke should be counseled prior to surgery regarding risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Brajcich
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Tarik K Yuce
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan P Merkow
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karl Y Bilimoria
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael F McGee
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David D Odell
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chia MC, Hu YY, Li RD, Cheung EO, Eng JS, Zhan T, Sheahan MG, Bilimoria KY, Coleman DM. Prevalence and risk factors for burnout in U.S. vascular surgery trainees. J Vasc Surg 2022; 75:308-315.e4. [PMID: 34298120 PMCID: PMC8712370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.06.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Burnout and suicidality are known risks for vascular surgeons above other surgical subspecialties, with surgical trainees at risk for exposure to factors that increase burnout. This study aimed to inform initiatives to improve wellness by assessing the prevalence of hazards in vascular training (mistreatment, duty-hour violations) and the rates of wellness outcomes (burnout, thoughts of attrition/specialty change/suicide). We hypothesized that mistreatment and duty-hour violations would predispose trainees to increased burnout. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of residents and fellows enrolled in accredited United States vascular surgery training programs using a voluntary, confidential survey administered during the 2020 Vascular Surgery In-Training Examination. The primary outcome assessed was burnout symptoms reported on a weekly basis or more frequently. The rates of wellness outcomes were measured. The association of mistreatment and duty hours with the primary outcome was modeled with multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 475 residents and fellows who were enrolled in one of 120 vascular surgery training programs completed the survey (84.2% response rate). Of 408 trainees completing burnout survey items, 182 (44.6%) reported symptoms of burnout. Fewer trainees reported thoughts of attrition (n = 42 [10.0%], specialty change (n = 35 [8.4%]), or suicide (n = 22 [4.9%]). Mistreatment was reported by 191 vascular trainees (47.3%) and was more common in female trainees (n = 63 [48.5%] reporting monthly or more frequently) compared with male trainees (n = 51 [18.6%]; P < .001). Duty-hour violations were also more commonly reported by female trainees (n = 31 [21.4%] reporting 3+ months in violation) compared with male trainees (n = 50 [16.2%]; P = .002). After controlling for race/ethnicity, postgraduate year, program type, and geography, female trainees were less likely to report burnout (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.86). Trainees experiencing mistreatment monthly or more were three times more likely to report burnout (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.78-5.39). Frequency of duty-hour violations also increased the odds of reporting burnout (1-2 months in violation: OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.17-3.73; 3+ months in violation: OR, 3.95; 95% CI, 2.24-6.97). CONCLUSIONS Nearly one-half of vascular surgery trainees reported symptoms of burnout, which was associated with frequency of mistreatment and duty-hour violations. Interventions to improve well-being in vascular surgery must be tailored to the local training environment to address trainee experiences that contribute to burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Chia
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yue-Yung Hu
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ruojia Debbie Li
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elaine O Cheung
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joshua S Eng
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Malachi G Sheahan
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (Sheahan)
| | - Karl Y Bilimoria
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dawn M Coleman
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Coleman)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang WC, Zhan T, Fan ZH, Xiang KX, Zhu YF, Duan YM, Cao ZG. [Molluscicidal effect of immersion with 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt against Oncomelania hupensis on the soil surface and inside the soil layer in winter]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2021; 34:396-399. [PMID: 36116930 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPNES) against Oncomelania hupensis on the soil surface and inside the soil layer by immersion method in winter. METHODS O. hupensis snails were placed on the soil surface and 2, 5 cm and 10 cm under the soil layer outdoors in winter, and then immersed in 50% WPNES at concentrations of 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L for 1, 3 d and 7 d, while dechlorinated water served as controls. Snail mortality was observed following immersion with 50% WPNES on the soil surface and inside the soil layer. RESULTS Following immersion with 50% WPNES at concentrations of 2 mg/L and 1 mg/L outdoors in winter, the 3-day corrected snail mortality rates were 98.0% and 76.0% on the soil surface, and the 7-day corrected snail mortality rate was both 100.0%. Following immersion with 50% WPNES at concentrations of 2 mg/L and 1 mg/L outdoors in winter, the 7-day corrected snail mortality rates were 95.5% and 85.6% 2 cm below the soil layer, 66.0% and 6.4% 5 cm below the soil layer. However, the 7-day snail mortality rate swere comparable between the 50% WPNES treatment group (at 2 mg/L and 1 mg/L) and controls 10 cm below the soil layer (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Immersion of 50% WPNES at a concentration of 2 mg/L for 7 days presents a high molluscicidal efficacy against O. hupensis on the soil surface and 5 cm within the soil layers in winter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W C Wang
- Maanshan Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Maanshan, Anhui 243000, China
| | - T Zhan
- Maanshan Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Maanshan, Anhui 243000, China
| | - Z H Fan
- Maanshan Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Maanshan, Anhui 243000, China
| | - K X Xiang
- Maanshan Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Maanshan, Anhui 243000, China
| | - Y F Zhu
- Maanshan Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Maanshan, Anhui 243000, China
| | - Y M Duan
- Maanshan Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Maanshan, Anhui 243000, China
| | - Z G Cao
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Adee M, Zhuo Y, Zhong H, Zhan T, Aggarwal R, Shilton S, Chhatwal J. Assessing cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C testing pathways in Georgia using the Hep C Testing Calculator. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21382. [PMID: 34725356 PMCID: PMC8560949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The cost of testing can be a substantial contributor to hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination program costs in many low- and middle-income countries such as Georgia, resulting in the need for innovative and cost-effective strategies for testing. Our objective was to investigate the most cost-effective testing pathways for scaling-up HCV testing in Georgia. We developed a Markov-based model with a lifetime horizon that simulates the natural history of HCV, and the cost of detection and treatment of HCV. We then created an interactive online tool that uses results from the Markov-based model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different HCV testing pathways. We compared the current standard-of-care (SoC) testing pathway and four innovative testing pathways for Georgia. The SoC testing was cost-saving compared to no testing, but all four new HCV testing pathways further increased QALYs and decreased costs. The pathway with the highest patient follow-up, due to on-site testing, resulted in the highest discounted QALYs (124 QALY more than the SoC) and lowest costs ($127,052 less than the SoC) per 10,000 persons screened. The current testing algorithm in Georgia can be replaced with a new pathway that is more effective while being cost-saving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yueran Zhuo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,College of Business, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Huaiyang Zhong
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rakesh Aggarwal
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Jagpreet Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lall MD, Bilimoria KY, Lu DW, Zhan T, Barton MA, Hu YY, Beeson MS, Adams JG, Nelson LS, Baren JM. Prevalence of Discrimination, Abuse, and Harassment in Emergency Medicine Residency Training in the US. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2121706. [PMID: 34410392 PMCID: PMC8377562 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The prevalence of workplace mistreatment and its association with the well-being of emergency medicine (EM) residents is unclear. More information about the sources of mistreatment might encourage residency leadership to develop and implement more effective strategies to improve professional well-being not only during residency but also throughout the physician's career. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence, types, and sources of perceived workplace mistreatment during training among EM residents in the US and the association between mistreatment and suicidal ideation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this survey study conducted from February 25 to 29, 2020, all residents enrolled in EM residencies accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) who participated in the 2020 American Board of Emergency Medicine computer-based In-training Examination were invited to participate. A multiple-choice, 35-item survey was administered after the examination asking residents to self-report the frequency, sources, and types of mistreatment experienced during residency training and whether they had suicidal thoughts. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The types and frequency of workplace mistreatment and the sources of the mistreatment were identified, and rates of self-reported suicidality were obtained. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine resident and program characteristics associated with suicidal thoughts. RESULTS Of 8162 eligible EM residents, 7680 (94.1%) responded to at least 1 question on the survey; 6503 (79.7%) completed the survey in its entirety. A total of 243 ACGME-accredited residency programs participated, and 1 did not. The study cohort included 4768 male residents (62.1%), 2698 female residents (35.1%), 4919 non-Hispanic White residents (64.0%), 2620 residents from other racial/ethnic groups (Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian or Pacific Islander, African American, Mexican American, Native Hawaiian, Puerto Rican, other Hispanic, or mixed or other race) (34.1%), 483 residents who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or other (LGBTQ+) (6.3%), and 5951 residents who were married or in a relationship (77.5%). Of the total participants, 3463 (45.1%) reported exposure to some type of workplace mistreatment (eg, discrimination, abuse, or harassment) during the most recent academic year. A frequent source of mistreatment was identified as patients and/or patients' families; 1234 respondents (58.7%) reported gender discrimination, 867 (67.5%) racial discrimination, 282 (85.2%) physical abuse, and 723 (69.1%) sexual harassment from patients and/or family members. Suicidal thoughts occurring during the past year were reported by 178 residents (2.5%), with similar prevalence by gender (108 men [2.4%]; 59 women [2.4%]) and race/ethnicity (113 non-Hispanic White residents [2.4%]; 65 residents from other racial/ethnic groups [2.7%]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this survey study, EM residents reported that workplace mistreatment occurred frequently. The findings suggest common sources of mistreatment for which educational interventions may be developed to help ensure resident wellness and career satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D. Lall
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Dave W. Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Yue-Yung Hu
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - James G. Adams
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lewis S. Nelson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jill M. Baren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lubitz CC, Kiernan CM, Toumi A, Zhan T, Roth MY, Sosa JA, Tuttle RM, Grubbs EG. Patient Perspectives on the Extent of Surgery and Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Low-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Endocr Pract 2021; 27:383-389. [PMID: 33840638 PMCID: PMC10028733 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand patient perspective regarding recommended changes in the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. Specifically, in regard to active surveillance (AS) of some small differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), performance of less extensive surgery for low-risk DTC, and more selective administration of radioactive iodine (RAI). METHODS An online survey was disseminated to thyroid cancer patient advocacy organizations and members of the ATA to distribute to the patients. Data were collected on demographic and treatment information, and patient experience with DTC. Patients were asked "what if" scenarios on core topics, including AS, extent of surgery, and indications for RAI. RESULTS Survey responses were analyzed from 1546 patients with DTC: 1478 (96%) had a total thyroidectomy, and 1167 (76%) underwent RAI. If there was no change in the overall cancer outcome, 606 (39%) of respondents would have considered lobectomy over total thyroidectomy, 536 (35%) would have opted for AS, and 638 (41%) would have chosen to forego RAI. Moreover, (774/1217) 64% of respondents wanted more time with their clinicians when making decisions about the extent of surgery. A total of 621/1167 of patients experienced significant side effects with RAI, and 351/1167 of patients felt that the risks of treatment were not well explained. 1237/1546 (80%) of patients felt that AS would not be overly burdensome, and quality of life was the main reason cited for choosing AS. CONCLUSION Patient perspective regarding choice in the management of low-risk DTC varies widely, and a large proportion of DTC patients would change aspects of their care if oncologic outcomes were equivalent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie C Lubitz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Technology Assessment, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Colleen M Kiernan
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Asmae Toumi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Technology Assessment, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Technology Assessment, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mara Y Roth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julie A Sosa
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - R Michael Tuttle
- Endocrinology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth G Grubbs
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adee M, Zhuo Y, Zhan T, Chen Q, Toumi A, Ayer T, Nwankwo C, Zhong H, Puenpatom A, Chhatwal J. A Tool to Inform Hepatitis C Elimination: A Case for Hepatitis C Elimination in China. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2021; 17:99-106. [PMID: 33868647 PMCID: PMC8043698 DOI: 10.1002/cld.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Adee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Technology AssessmentBostonMA
| | - Yueran Zhuo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Technology AssessmentBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Technology AssessmentBostonMA
| | - Qiushi Chen
- Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing EngineeringPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA
| | - Asmae Toumi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Technology AssessmentBostonMA
| | - Turgay Ayer
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems EngineeringGeorgia TechAtlantaGA
| | | | - Huaiyang Zhong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Technology AssessmentBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | - Jagpreet Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Technology AssessmentBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bilimoria KY, Zhan T, Durst DA, Merkow RP, Sama PR, Bahaveolos SA, Chrisman HB. Comparison of Patient Experience with Telehealth vs. In-Person Visits Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2021; 47:533-536. [PMID: 33602630 PMCID: PMC7844377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
18
|
Fischer C, Yuce T, Zhan T, Eng J, Cheung EO, Etkin C, Amortegui D, Bilimoria KY, Hu YY. What They Aren't Telling Us: An Analysis of Non-Responders on a National Survey of Resident Well-Being. J Am Coll Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.07.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
19
|
Strober B, Menter A, Leonardi C, Gordon K, Lambert J, Puig L, Photowala H, Longcore M, Zhan T, Foley P. Efficacy of risankizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis by baseline demographics, disease characteristics and prior biologic therapy: an integrated analysis of the phase III UltIMMa-1 and UltIMMa-2 studies. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2830-2838. [PMID: 32320088 PMCID: PMC7818271 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risankizumab is a humanized IgG monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits interleukin-23 through binding the p19 subunit. In Phase 3 trials, risankizumab demonstrated superior efficacy compared with adalimumab and ustekinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Here, we evaluated the impact of baseline characteristics on efficacy of risankizumab compared with ustekinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. METHODS This analysis included all patients initially randomized to risankizumab or ustekinumab from the replicate, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials, UltIMMa-1 (NCT02684370) and UltIMMa-2 (NCT02684357). Patients received either risankizumab (150 mg) or ustekinumab (weight-based; 45 or 90 mg per label) at weeks 0, 4, 16, 28 and 40. Efficacy was assessed as the proportion of patients achieving ≥90% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90) at weeks 16 and 52 by baseline patient demographics, disease characteristics and prior biologic exposure. Mean per cent improvement in PASI was calculated by body weight and body mass index at week 52. Missing efficacy data were imputed as non-responders for categorical variables and last observation carried forward for continuous variables. Logistic regression analyses assessed for interactions between treatment and five independent variables (age, sex, weight, baseline PASI score and presence of psoriatic arthritis) at both weeks 16 and 52. RESULTS Baseline patient demographics, disease characteristics and prior biologic exposure were similar between patients randomized to risankizumab (n = 598) and ustekinumab (n = 199). At weeks 16 and 52, risankizumab demonstrated superior efficacy compared with ustekinumab across these patient characteristics (P < 0.01). Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that risankizumab was superior to ustekinumab at weeks 16 and 52 in all models tested (P < 0.0001 for all). CONCLUSIONS Risankizumab demonstrated consistent and superior efficacy compared with ustekinumab regardless of patient demographics, disease characteristics or prior biologic exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Strober
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, CT, USA
| | - A Menter
- Baylor Scott and White, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C Leonardi
- Central Dermatology, Richmond Heights, MO, USA
| | - K Gordon
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - L Puig
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - T Zhan
- AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P Foley
- St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Probity Medical Research, Skin Health Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Luginbuhl A, Kutler D, Zender C, Wise-Draper T, Patel J, Karivedu V, Zhan T, Chang M, Yao M, Lavertu P, Johnson J, Curry J, Cognetti D, Bar-Ad V. Multi-institutional study utilizing surgery + cesium-131 brachytherapy in recurrent head and neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
21
|
Lee M, Lauren BN, Zhan T, Choi J, Klebanoff M, Abu Dayyeh B, Taveras EM, Corey K, Kaplan L, Hur C. The cost-effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and lifestyle intervention in the treatment of obesity. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6:162-170. [PMID: 32313674 PMCID: PMC7156872 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Food and Drug Administration has approved several pharmacotherapies for the treatment of obesity. This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of six pharmacotherapies and lifestyle intervention for people with mild obesity (body mass indices [BMIs] 30 to 35). METHODS A microsimulation model was constructed to compare seven weight loss strategies plus no treatment: intensive lifestyle intervention, orlistat, phentermine, phentermine/topiramate, lorcaserin, liraglutide, and semaglutide. Weight loss, quality-of-life scores, and costs were estimated using clinical trials and other published literature. Endpoints included costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) with a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $100 000/QALY. Results were analysed at 1-, 3-, and 5-year time horizons. RESULTS At each of the three follow-up periods, phentermine was the cost-effective strategy, with ICERs of $46 258/QALY, $20 157/QALY, and $17 880/QALY after 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Semaglutide was the most effective strategy in the 3- and 5-year time horizons, with total QALYs of 2.224 and 3.711, respectively. However, the ICERs were prohibitively high at $1 437 340/QALY after 3 years and $576 931/QALY after 5 years. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses indicated these results were robust. CONCLUSIONS Phentermine is the cost-effective pharmacologic weight-loss strategy. Although semaglutide is the most effective, it is not cost-effective because of its high price.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyi Lee
- Gastroenterology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
- Institute for Technology AssessmentMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | - Brianna N. Lauren
- Department of General MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
- Healthcare Innovation Research and EvaluationColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Gastroenterology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
- Institute for Technology AssessmentMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | - Jin Choi
- Department of General MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
- Healthcare Innovation Research and EvaluationColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
| | - Matthew Klebanoff
- Gastroenterology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
- Institute for Technology AssessmentMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
- Yale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Barham Abu Dayyeh
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Elsie M. Taveras
- Department of PediatricsMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | - Kathleen Corey
- Gastroenterology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Lee Kaplan
- Gastroenterology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Chin Hur
- Department of General MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
- Healthcare Innovation Research and EvaluationColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly disease. To identify key genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, we followed a strategy utilizing the laiurger microarray dataset (GSE38129) as the training set and another independent microarray dataset (GSE20347) as the validation set. Following quality control, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using R software. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID database and the DEG co-expression network was established with Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and visualized by Cytoscape. The prognosis-related hub genes were then identified by Kaplan-Meier analysis based on the TCGA database. A total of 188 DEGs were obtained; 88 up-regulated genes and 100 down-regulated. The up-regulated DEGs were significantly associated with extracellular matrix organization and disassembly while down-regulated DEGs were significantly related to keratinocyte differentiation. Blue and turquoise co-expression modules were established and 18 hub genes were identified. The blue module was associated with mitotic nuclear division, cell division and mitotic cytokinesis and the turquoise module was associated with collagen catabolic process, extracellular matrix organization and keratinocyte differentiation. We established that the TPX2, CDK1 and CEP55 blue module hub genes were associated with relapse-free survival, and our overall results not only identify key genes but also provide potential novel biomarkers for ESCC diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai , China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai , China
| | - T Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai , China
| | - S Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai , China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hur C, Zhan T, Thrift AP, Vaughan TL, Feuer EJ. Lorenz Curves and Gini Coefficient Analyses Indicate Inefficiencies in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Screening. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:560-562.e2. [PMID: 29753084 PMCID: PMC6546106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) have increased rapidly in the United States and much of western Europe, and 5-year survival continues to be poor.1 Prevention and early detection efforts for EAC have focused on identifying persons with EAC precursor state, Barrett's esophagus, but the survival benefit has been disappointingly low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Hur
- Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron P. Thrift
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas L. Vaughan
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric J. Feuer
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhan T, Daniyal M, Li J, Mao Y. Preventive use of carvedilol for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Herz 2019; 45:1-14. [PMID: 30656389 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-018-4779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical or subclinical cardiotoxicity is a concern for cancer patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Carvedilol is promising for preventing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC). This review appraised the preventive effects of carvedilol against AIC based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS The Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched from inception to March 27, 2018. RCTs using carvedilol for the prevention of AIC were selected. Risk of bias and methodological quality were assessed. Meta-analysis was conducted, when applicable, for the trial endpoints; otherwise the data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS Nine RCTs comprising 717 patients were selected. The risk of bias was unclear and the methodological quality differed substantially. Data pooling of five eligible studies indicated no decreased mortality in patients receiving carvedilol (risk difference = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.07-0.04, p = 0.57, I2 = 44%). The impact on the incidence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) was inconsistently reported but meta-analysis was not applicable due to discordant LVSD definitions. Data pooling of eight studies and a subgroup analysis indicated a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with substantial heterogeneity in the carvedilol group (mean difference [MD] = 5.23, 95% CI: 2.20-8.27, p = 0.0007, I2 = 95%, and MD = 4.65, 95% CI: 0.67-8.64, p = 0.02, I2 = 90%, respectively). Further analysis of echocardiographic parameters and biomarkers showed weak evidence of improvement in diastolic function and troponin I level by carvedilol administration. CONCLUSION Preventive use of carvedilol in patients undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy may be associated with a reduced incidence of LVSD, higher LVEF value, better diastolic function, and lower troponin I level. RCTs with larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed to verify these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Zhan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Rd., Yuelu District, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, 410005, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - M Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - J Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Rd., Yuelu District, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Y Mao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 233 North Cai'e Rd., Kaifu District, 410005, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Choi JG, Nipp RD, Tramontano A, Ali A, Zhan T, Pandharipande P, Dowling EC, Ferrone CR, Hong TS, Schrag D, Fernandez-Del Castillo C, Ryan DP, Kong CY, Hur C. Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX for Patients with Borderline Resectable or Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Results of a Decision Analysis. Oncologist 2018; 24:945-954. [PMID: 30559125 PMCID: PMC6656457 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Decision‐analytic modeling can provide a methodologic platform that integrates the best available data to quantitatively explore clinical decisions by simulating a hypothetical clinical trial between competing strategies. This article analyzes a mathematical decision‐analytic model to estimate the long‐term clinical outcomes and cost‐effectiveness of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX compared with surgery followed by adjuvant gemcitabine monotherapy or gemcitabine/capecitabine for patients with potentially resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Background. The effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of using neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX (nFOLFIRINOX) for patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (BR/LA PDAC) are unknown. Our objective was to determine whether nFOLFIRINOX is more effective or cost‐effective for patients with BR/LA PDAC compared with upfront resection surgery and adjuvant gemcitabine plus capecitabine (GEM/CAPE) or gemcitabine monotherapy (GEM). Materials and Methods. We performed a decision‐analysis to assess the value of nFOLFIRINOX versus GEM/CAPE or GEM using a mathematical simulation model. Model transition probabilities were estimated using published and institutional clinical data. Model outcomes included overall and disease‐free survival, quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), cost in U.S. dollars, and cost‐effectiveness expressed as an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses explored the uncertainty of model assumptions. Results. Model results found median overall survival (34.5/28.0/22.0 months) and disease‐free survival (15.0/14.0/13.0 months) were better for nFOLFIRINOX compared with GEM/CAPE and GEM. nFOLFIRINOX was the optimal strategy on an efficiency frontier, resulting in an additional 0.35 life‐years, or 0.30 QALYs, at a cost of $46,200/QALY gained compared with GEM/CAPE. Sensitivity analysis found that cancer recurrence and complete resection rates most affected model results, but were otherwise robust. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses found that nFOLFIRINOX was cost‐effective 92.4% of the time at a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $100,000/QALY. Conclusion. Our modeling analysis suggests that nFOLFIRINOX is preferable to upfront surgery for patients with BR/LA PDAC from both an effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness standpoint. Additional clinical data that further define the long‐term effectiveness of nFOLFIRINOX are needed to confirm our results. Implications for Practice. Increasingly, neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX has been used for borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer with the goal of rendering them resectable and decreasing risk of recurrence. Despite many efforts to show the benefits of neoadjuvant over adjuvant therapies, clinical evidence to guide this decision is largely lacking. Decision‐analytic modeling can provide a methodologic platform that integrates the best available data to quantitatively explore clinical decisions by simulating a hypothetical clinical trial. This modeling analysis suggests that neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX is preferable to upfront surgery and adjuvant therapies by various outcome metrics including quality‐adjusted life years, overall survival, and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin G Choi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Health Innovations Research and Evaluations Unit, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan D Nipp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela Tramontano
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ayman Ali
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pari Pandharipande
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily C Dowling
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deborah Schrag
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Del Castillo
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David P Ryan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chung Yin Kong
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chin Hur
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhan T, Yao Y. [A preliminary study of Dao gao yao huang shi shu ( Oath of Praying for the King of Medicine), a Chinese version of Hippocratic Oath]. Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi 2018; 48:342-345. [PMID: 30669771 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0255-7053.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dao gao yao huang shi shu (Oath of Praying for the King of Medicine), also called Wang jia zan qi shi (Wang Jiazan's Seven Oaths), published in the Fifty-seventh Year of Qianlong Reign (1792) of the Qing Dynasty in the Wu yi hui jiang (Collected Discourses of Doctors from Wu Region), the earliest medical periodicals in China, was the earliest Doctor's Oath ever seen since doctors inherited the traditional medical ethics, that is, a Chinese version of Hippocratic Oath. Sun Simiao's Da yi jing cheng (Proficiency and Sincerity of Great Doctors) was a superb essay of medical ethics without using the style of oath, while Dao gao yao huang shi shu was a complete model of "Oath Statement" from its title to the contents. It inherited the contents from Da yi jing cheng and enriched its connotation of "forbearance to humiliation and enduring poverty" . What's more, its systematization and stylization of oath mark that China's medical ethics as a norm, a creed and a normative expression starts to sprout and germinate, and becomes one of the signs of the gradual maturity of profession of traditional Chinese medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Zhan
- Ming De College, Northwestern Polytechnical University; School of Journalism & Communication, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069
| | - Y Yao
- Institute of History of Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Song A, Gochoco A, Sahu J, Alpdogan O, Porcu P, Zhan T, Shi W. Condensed Low Dose Total Skin Electron Beam Therapy for Mycosis Fungoides: A Single Institution Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
28
|
Gopal RK, Kübler K, Calvo SE, Polak P, Livitz D, Rosebrock D, Sadow PM, Campbell B, Donovan SE, Amin S, Gigliotti BJ, Grabarek Z, Hess JM, Stewart C, Braunstein LZ, Arndt PF, Mordecai S, Shih AR, Chaves F, Zhan T, Lubitz CC, Kim J, Iafrate AJ, Wirth L, Parangi S, Leshchiner I, Daniels GH, Mootha VK, Dias-Santagata D, Getz G, McFadden DG. Widespread Chromosomal Losses and Mitochondrial DNA Alterations as Genetic Drivers in Hürthle Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:242-255.e5. [PMID: 30107175 PMCID: PMC6121811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid (HCC) is a form of thyroid cancer recalcitrant to radioiodine therapy that exhibits an accumulation of mitochondria. We performed whole-exome sequencing on a cohort of primary, recurrent, and metastatic tumors, and identified recurrent mutations in DAXX, TP53, NRAS, NF1, CDKN1A, ARHGAP35, and the TERT promoter. Parallel analysis of mtDNA revealed recurrent homoplasmic mutations in subunits of complex I of the electron transport chain. Analysis of DNA copy-number alterations uncovered widespread loss of chromosomes culminating in near-haploid chromosomal content in a large fraction of HCC, which was maintained during metastatic spread. This work uncovers a distinct molecular origin of HCC compared with other thyroid malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Gopal
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kirsten Kübler
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah E Calvo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Paz Polak
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dimitri Livitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Peter M Sadow
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Braidie Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Samuel E Donovan
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Salma Amin
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Zenon Grabarek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Julian M Hess
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chip Stewart
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Peter F Arndt
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Scott Mordecai
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Angela R Shih
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frances Chaves
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carrie C Lubitz
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lori Wirth
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Gilbert H Daniels
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Thyroid Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dora Dias-Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - David G McFadden
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Thyroid Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Doghramji K, Tanielian M, Certa K, Zhan T. 0425 Insomnia Severity, Prevalence, Predictors And Rate Of Identification In A Sample Of Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Doghramji
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, PA
| | - M Tanielian
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, PA
| | - K Certa
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, PA
| | - T Zhan
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, PA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lubitz CC, Zhan T, Gunda V, Amin S, Gigliotti BJ, Fingeret AL, Holm TM, Wachtel H, Sadow PM, Wirth LJ, Sullivan RJ, Panka DJ, Parangi S. Circulating BRAF V600E Levels Correlate with Treatment in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid 2018; 28:328-339. [PMID: 29378474 PMCID: PMC5865613 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRAFV600E is the most common mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and can be associated with aggressive disease. Previously, a highly sensitive blood RNA-based BRAFV600E assay was reported. The objective of this study was to assess the correlation of BRAFV600E circulating tumor RNA levels with surgical and medical treatment. METHODS Circulating BRAFV600E levels were assessed in (i) a murine model of undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid carcinoma with known BRAFV600E mutation undergoing BRAFV600E-inhibitor (BRAFi) treatment, and (ii) in 111 patients enrolled prior to thyroidectomy (n = 86) or treatment of advanced recurrent or metastatic PTC (n = 25). Blood samples were drawn for BRAFV600E analysis before and after treatment. Testing characteristics were assessed and positivity criteria optimized. Changes in blood BRAFV600E values were assessed and compared to clinical characteristics and response to therapy. RESULTS In a murine model of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with BRAFV600E mutation, blood BRAFV600E RNA correlated with tumor volume in animals treated with BRAFi. In tissue BRAFV600E-positive (n = 36) patients undergoing initial surgery for PTC, blood BRAFV600E levels declined postoperatively (median 370.0-178.5 fg/ng; p = 0.002). In four patients with metastatic or poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma receiving targeted therapies, blood BRAFV600E declined following therapy and corresponded with radiographic evidence of partial response or stable disease. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the correlation of blood BRAFV600E levels in response to treatment in both an established animal model of thyroid cancer and in patients with BRAFV600E-positive tumors with all stages of disease. This assay represents an alternative biomarker in patients with positive thyroglobulin antibodies, and tumors, which do not express thyroglobulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie C. Lubitz
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Viswanath Gunda
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Salma Amin
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Abbey L. Fingeret
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tammy M. Holm
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Wachtel
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter M. Sadow
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lori J. Wirth
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan J. Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J. Panka
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ranjit A, Jiang W, Zhan T, Kimsey L, Staat B, Witkop CT, Little SE, Haider AH, Robinson JN. Intrapartum obstetric care in the United States military: Comparison of military and civilian care systems within TRICARE. Birth 2017; 44:337-344. [PMID: 28833512 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expectant mothers who are beneficiaries of TRICARE (universal insurance to United States Armed Services members and their dependents) can choose to receive care within direct (salary-based) or purchased (fee-for-service) care systems. We sought to compare frequency of intrapartum obstetric procedures and outcomes such as severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) and common postpartum complications between direct and purchased care systems within TRICARE. METHODS TRICARE (2006-2010) claims data were used to identify deliveries. Patient demographics, frequency of types of delivery (noninstrumental vaginal, cesarean, and instrumental vaginal), comorbid conditions, SAMM, and common postpartum complications were compared between the two systems of care. Multivariable models adjusted for patient clinical/demographic factors determined the odds of common complications and SAMM complications in purchased care compared with direct care. RESULTS A total of 440 138 deliveries were identified. Compared with direct care, purchased care had higher frequency (30.9% vs 25.8%, P<.001) and higher adjusted odds (aOR 1.37 [CI 1.34-1.38]) of cesarean delivery. In stratified analysis by mode of delivery, purchased care had lower odds of common complications for all modes of delivery (aOR[CI]:noninstrumental vaginal: 0.72 [0.71-0.74], cesarean: 0.71 [0.68-0.75], instrumental vaginal: 0.64 [0.60-0.68]) than direct care. However, purchased care had higher odds of SAMM complications for cesarean delivery (aOR 1.31 [CI 1.19-1.44]) compared with direct care. CONCLUSION Direct care has a higher vaginal delivery rate but also a higher rate of common complications compared with purchased care. Study of direct and purchased care systems in TRICARE may have potential use as a surrogate for comparing obstetric care between salary-based systems and fee-for-service systems in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Ranjit
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda Kimsey
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Bart Staat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Health Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine T Witkop
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Health Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah E Little
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adil H Haider
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian N Robinson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Choi J, Nipp RD, Tramontano A, Ali A, Zhan T, Kong CY, Pandharipande P, Dowling E, Ferrone C, Hong TS, Schrag D, Fernandez-del Castillo C, Ryan DP, Hur C. Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX for patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer: Results of a decision analysis. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.4117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4117 Background: With the advent of more effective therapies for metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), efforts to incorporate these agents, such as FOLFIRINOX, into the neoadjuvant setting are increasing. However, the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of using neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX for patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced PDAC are unknown. We performed a decision analysis to assess the value of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX versus upfront surgery and adjuvant therapy. Methods: We developed a mathematical simulation model to evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX compared to upfront surgery and adjuvant therapy. We used published and institutional data as inputs to inform model development. Model outcomes included overall and disease-free survival, net benefits expressed as discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs in US dollars, and cost-effectiveness expressed as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. We used deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to explore the uncertainty of model assumptions. Results: Model estimated median overall survival (29 vs 23 months) and disease-free survival (14 vs 13 months) were better for neoadjuvant strategy compared with upfront surgery. Neoadjuvant strategy resulted in an additional 0.68 life-years gained, or 0.57 QALYs, at a cost of $59,000/QALY gained. Sensitivity analysis found that cancer recurrence rates affected model results the most. Our findings were otherwise robust with respect to changes in other model parameters, including chemotherapy toxicity, surgical complications and cancer mortality. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed that neoadjuvant strategy was cost-effective 80% of the time with a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/QALY. Conclusions: Our model results demonstrate that neoadjuvant strategy is preferable to upfront surgery for patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced PDAC from both an efficacy and cost-effectiveness standpoint. Additional clinical data are needed to further define the long-term effectiveness of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX to confirm our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Choi
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ryan David Nipp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Angela Tramontano
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ayman Ali
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Chung Yin Kong
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Pari Pandharipande
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Dowling
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Theodore S. Hong
- NSABP/NRG Oncology, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - David P. Ryan
- Cancer Center at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Chin Hur
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lubitz C, Ali A, Zhan T, Heberle C, White C, Ito Y, Miyauchi A, Gazelle GS, Kong CY, Hur C. The thyroid cancer policy model: A mathematical simulation model of papillary thyroid carcinoma in The U.S. population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177068. [PMID: 28481909 PMCID: PMC5421766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancer affects over ½ million people in the U.S. and the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased worldwide at a rate higher than any other cancer, while survival has remained largely unchanged. The aim of this research was to develop, calibrate and verify a mathematical disease model to simulate the natural history of papillary thyroid cancer, which will serve as a platform to assess the effectiveness of clinical and cancer control interventions. Methods Herein, we modeled the natural pre-clinical course of both benign and malignant thyroid nodules with biologically relevant health states from normal to detected nodule. Using established calibration techniques, optimal parameter sets for tumor growth characteristics, development rate, and detection rate were used to fit Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) incidence data and other calibration targets. Results Model outputs compared to calibration targets demonstrating sufficient calibration fit and model validation are presented including primary targets of SEER incidence data and size distribution at detection of malignancy. Additionally, we show the predicted underlying benign and malignant prevalence of nodules in the population, the probability of detection based on size of nodule, and estimates of growth over time in both benign and malignant nodules. Conclusions This comprehensive model provides a dynamic platform employable for future comparative effectiveness research. Future model analyses will test and assess various clinical management strategies to improve patient outcomes related to thyroid cancer and optimize resource utilization for patients with thyroid nodules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Lubitz
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ayman Ali
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tiannan Zhan
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Curtis Heberle
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Craig White
- PhD Program in Health Policy, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yasuhiro Ito
- Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - G. Scott Gazelle
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- PhD Program in Health Policy, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chung Yin Kong
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chin Hur
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ranjit A, Chaudhary MA, Jiang W, Zhan T, Schneider EB, Cohen SL, Little SE, Haider AH, Robinson JN, Witkop CT. Disparities in receipt of a laparoscopic operation for ectopic pregnancy among TRICARE beneficiaries. Surgery 2017; 161:1341-1347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
35
|
Abstract
Wnt signaling is one of the key cascades regulating development and stemness, and has also been tightly associated with cancer. The role of Wnt signaling in carcinogenesis has most prominently been described for colorectal cancer, but aberrant Wnt signaling is observed in many more cancer entities. Here, we review current insights into novel components of Wnt pathways and describe their impact on cancer development. Furthermore, we highlight expanding functions of Wnt signaling for both solid and liquid tumors. We also describe current findings how Wnt signaling affects maintenance of cancer stem cells, metastasis and immune control. Finally, we provide an overview of current strategies to antagonize Wnt signaling in cancer and challenges that are associated with such approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Zhan
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, Heidelberg University, Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - N Rindtorff
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, Heidelberg University, Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, Heidelberg University, Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhan T, Cao C, Li L, Gu N, Civin CI, Zhan X. MIM regulates the trafficking of bone marrow cells via modulating surface expression of CXCR4. Leukemia 2016; 30:1327-34. [PMID: 26965284 PMCID: PMC4889520 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Missing in metastasis (MIM) is abundantly expressed in hematopoietic cells. Here we characterized the impact of MIM deficiency on murine bone marrow (BM) cells. Although MIM-/- cells proliferated similarly to wild type (WT), they exhibited stronger response to chemokine SDF-1, increase in surface expression of CXCR4, impaired CXCR4 internalization and constitutive activation of Rac, Cdc42 and p38. Transplantation of MIM-/- BM cells into lethally irradiated mice showed enhanced homing to BM, which was abolished when mice were pretreated with a p38 antagonist. Interestingly, MIM-/- BM cells, including hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), showed 2 to 5-fold increase in mobilization into the peripheral blood upon treatment with AMD3100. In vitro, MIM-/- leukocytes were susceptible to AMD3100 and maintained increased response to AMD3100 for mobilization even after transfer into wild type mice. MIM-/- mice had also a higher level of SDF-1 in the circulation. Our data highlighted an unprecedented role of MIM in the homoeostasis of BM cells, including HSPCs, through modulation of the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis and interactions of BM leukocytes with their microenvironments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Cao
- Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Li
- Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - N Gu
- China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - C I Civin
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - X Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Huang JF, Zhan T, Yu XL, He QA, Huang WJ, Lin LZ, Du YT, Pan YT. Therapeutic effect of Pleurotus eryngii cellulose on experimental fatty liver in rats. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:15017805. [PMID: 26985922 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15017805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect of Pleurotus eryngii cellulose on experimental fatty liver in rats. Rats were fed high-fat fodder to establish a rat fatty liver model, and were then fed different concentrations of Pleurotus eryngii cellulose for six weeks. Lipitor was used as a positive control. Measured levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), and total triglyceride (TG); the activity of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), hepatic lipase (HL), and lipoprotein lipase; and liver histopathological changes. Successfully established rat fatty liver model after feeding high-fat fodder for one week. A diet of P. eryngii cellulose for six weeks significantly reduced ALT, AST, TC, and TG levels in rat serum (P < 0.01); TC and AST levels in P. eryngii cellulose high-dose group and Lipitor group were not significantly different from those of the control (P > 0.05). SOD activity increased significantly, while MDA and HL activity decreased (P < 0.05); fatty degeneration and fat accumulation both decreased in hepatic tissue. Hepatic protection of P. eryngii cellulose showed dose-related effect. P. eryngii cellulose can affect lipid metabolism, having therapeutic effects on fatty liver in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Huang
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - T Zhan
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - X L Yu
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Q A He
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - W J Huang
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - L Z Lin
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Y T Du
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Y T Pan
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Amorphous Ge (a-Ge), crystalline Ge (c-Ge), and amorphous Si (a-Si) thin films were deposited on a Ge substrate at different temperatures by magnetron sputtering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Zhan
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Y. Xu
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - M. Goto
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Y. Tanaka
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - R. Kato
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - M. Sasaki
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhan T, Breinig M, Heigwer F, Leible S, Ebert M, Boutros M. 812: Systematic investigation of drug resistance factors in colorectal cancer cells using pooled CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
40
|
Zhan T, Digel M, Stremmel W, Füllekrug J. Inhibition of glucose uptake by Silybin and Dehydrosilybin. Eur J Integr Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|