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Zahedipour F, Zahedipour F, Zamani P, Jaafari MR, Sahebkar A. Harnessing CRISPR technology for viral therapeutics and vaccines: from preclinical studies to clinical applications. Virus Res 2024; 341:199314. [PMID: 38211734 PMCID: PMC10825633 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas system, identified as a type of bacterial adaptive immune system, have attracted significant attention due to its remarkable ability to precisely detect and eliminate foreign genetic material and nucleic acids. Expanding upon these inherent capabilities, recent investigations have unveiled the potential of reprogrammed CRISPR/Cas 9, 12, and 13 systems for treating viral infections associated with human diseases, specifically targeting DNA and RNA viruses, respectively. Of particular interest is the RNA virus responsible for the recent global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which presents a substantial public health risk, coupled with limited efficacy of current prophylactic and therapeutic techniques. In this regard, the utilization of CRISPR/Cas technology offers a promising gene editing approach to overcome the limitations of conventional methods in managing viral infections. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the latest CRISPR/Cas-based therapeutic and vaccine strategies employed to combat human viral infections. Additionally, we discuss significant challenges and offer insights into the future prospects of this cutting-edge gene editing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Zahedipour
- Microbiology Department, Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Luo J, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Gao R. A Comparison of Etiology, Pathogenesis, Vaccinal and Antiviral Drug Development between Influenza and COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076369. [PMID: 37047339 PMCID: PMC10094131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus and coronavirus, two kinds of pathogens that exist widely in nature, are common emerging pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections in humans. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged, causing a severe respiratory infection named COVID-19 in humans, and raising a global pandemic which has persisted in the world for almost three years. Influenza virus, a seasonally circulating respiratory pathogen, has caused four global pandemics in humans since 1918 by the emergence of novel variants. Studies have shown that there are certain similarities in transmission mode and pathogenesis between influenza and COVID-19, and vaccination and antiviral drugs are considered to have positive roles as well as several limitations in the prevention and control of both diseases. Comparative understandings would be helpful to the prevention and control of these diseases. Here, we review the study progress in the etiology, pathogenesis, vaccine and antiviral drug development for the two diseases.
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Pal A, Pal A, Baviskar P. RIGI, TLR7, and TLR3 Genes Were Predicted to Have Immune Response Against Avian Influenza in Indigenous Ducks. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:633283. [PMID: 34970593 PMCID: PMC8712727 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.633283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza is a disease with every possibility to evolve as a human-to-human pandemic arising out of frequent mutations and genetic reassortment or recombination of avian influenza (AI) virus. The greatest concern is that till date, no satisfactory medicine or vaccines are available, leading to massive culling of poultry birds, causing huge economic loss and ban on export of chicken products, which emphasizes the need to develop an alternative strategy for control of AI. In the current study, we attempt to explore the molecular mechanism of innate immune potential of ducks against avian influenza. In the present study, we have characterized immune response molecules such as duck TLR3, TLR7, and RIGI that are predicted to have potent antiviral activities against the identified strain of avian influenza through in silico studies (molecular docking) followed by experimental validation with differential mRNA expression analysis. Future exploitation may include immunomodulation with the recombinant protein, and transgenic or gene-edited chicken resistant to bird flu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Pal
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Abantika Pal
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Song Y, Huang H, Hu Y, Zhang J, Li F, Yin X, Shi J, Li Y, Li C, Zhao D, Chen H. A genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout screen identifies immunoglobulin superfamily DCC subclass member 4 as a key host factor that promotes influenza virus endocytosis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010141. [PMID: 34871331 PMCID: PMC8675923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is dependent on host cellular factors, and identification of these factors and their underlying mechanisms can provide important information for the development of strategies to inhibit viral infection. Here, we used a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus to perform a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout screen in human lung epithelial cells (A549 cells), and found that knockout of transmembrane protein immunoglobulin superfamily DCC subclass member 4 (IGDCC4) significantly reduced the replication of the virus in A549 cells. Further studies showed that IGDCC4 interacted with the viral hemagglutinin protein and facilitated virus internalization into host cells. Animal infection studies showed that replication of H5N1 virus in the nasal turbinates, lungs, and kidneys of IGDCC4-knockout mice was significantly lower than that in the corresponding organs of wild-type mice. Half of the IGDCC4-knockout mice survived a lethal H5N1 virus challenge, whereas all of the wild-type mice died within 11 days of infection. Our study identifies a novel host factor that promotes influenza virus infection by facilitating internalization and provides insights that will support the development of antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangming Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (HC)
| | - Hualan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (HC)
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Structure and Activities of the NS1 Influenza Protein and Progress in the Development of Small-Molecule Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084242. [PMID: 33921888 PMCID: PMC8074201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus causes human disease on a global scale and significant morbidity and mortality. The existing vaccination regime remains vulnerable to antigenic drift, and more seriously, a small number of viral mutations could lead to drug resistance. Therefore, the development of a new additional therapeutic small molecule-based anti-influenza virus is urgently required. The NS1 influenza gene plays a pivotal role in the suppression of host antiviral responses, especially by inhibiting interferon (IFN) production and the activities of antiviral proteins, such as dsRNA-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase R (PKR) and 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)/RNase L. NS1 also modulates important aspects of viral RNA replication, viral protein synthesis, and virus replication cycle. Taken together, small molecules that target NS1 are believed to offer a means of developing new anti-influenza drugs.
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Nilsson K, Abdurahman S, Schwartz S. Influenza virus natural sequence heterogeneity in segment 8 affects interactions with cellular RNA-binding proteins and splicing efficiency. Virology 2020; 549:39-50. [PMID: 32829114 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Segment 8 mRNAs of influenza virus A/Brevig Misson/1918/1 (H1N1) are poorly spliced compared to segment 8 mRNAs of influenza virus A/Netherlands/178/95 (H3N2). Using oligonucleotide-mediated protein pull down with oligos spanning the entire length of segment 8 of either influenza virus H1N1 or influenza virus H3N2 we identified cellular RNA binding proteins that interacted with oligonucleotides derived from either H1N1 or H3N2 sequences. When the identified hot spots for RNA binding proteins in H1N1 segment 8 mRNAs were replaced by H3N2 sequences, splicing efficiency increased significantly. Replacing as few as three nucleotides of the H1N1 mRNA with sequences from H3N2 mRNA, enhanced splicing of the H1N1 mRNAs. Cellular proteins U2AF65 and HuR interacted preferentially with the 3'-splice site of H3N2 and overexpression of HuR reduced the levels of unspliced H1N1 mRNAs, suggesting that U2AF65 and HuR contribute to control of influenza virus mRNA splicing.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Alternative Splicing
- ELAV-Like Protein 1/genetics
- ELAV-Like Protein 1/metabolism
- Genetic Variation
- HeLa Cells
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/metabolism
- Oligonucleotides/chemistry
- Oligonucleotides/metabolism
- Plasmids/chemistry
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/chemistry
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Splicing Factor U2AF/genetics
- Splicing Factor U2AF/metabolism
- Transfection
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kersti Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC-B13, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Samir Abdurahman
- Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Stefan Schwartz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC-B13, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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Li X, Guo L, Liu C, Cheng Y, Kong M, Yang L, Zhuang Z, Liu J, Zou M, Dong X, Su X, Gu Q. Human infection with a novel reassortant Eurasian-avian lineage swine H1N1 virus in northern China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 8:1535-1545. [PMID: 31661383 PMCID: PMC6830285 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1679611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus infections occur in different species, causing mild to severe respiratory symptoms that lead to a heavy disease burden. Eurasian avian-like swine influenza A(H1N1) viruses (EAS-H1N1) are predominant in pigs and occasionally infect humans. An influenza A(H1N1) virus was isolated from a boy who was suffering from fever and headache and designated as A/Tianjin-baodi/1606/2018(H1N1). Full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that A/Tianjin-baodi/1606/2018(H1N1) is a novel reassortant EAS-H1N1 containing gene segments from EAS-H1N1 (HA and NA), classical swine H1N1(NS) and A(H1N1)pdm09(PB2, PB2, PA, NP and M) viruses. The isolation and analysis of A/Tianjin-baodi/1606/2018(H1) provide further evidence that EAS-H1N1 poses a threat to human health and greater attention should be paid to surveillance of influenza virus infection in pigs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liru Guo
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Jizhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Cheng
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Kong
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Zhuang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zou
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Su
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Li G, Zhou L, Zhang C, Shi Y, Dong D, Bai M, Wang R, Zhang C. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Regulates Acute Inflammatory Lung Injury Mediated by Influenza Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2541. [PMID: 31849847 PMCID: PMC6887893 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute inflammatory lung injury is an important cause of death due to influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) played an important role in the regulation of inflammation in the immune system. To investigate the role of IGF1 in IAV-mediated acute inflammatory lung injury, the expression of IGF1 and inflammatory cytokines was tested after IAV A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1; abbreviated as PR8) infection in A549 cells. Then, a BALB/c mouse model of PR8 infection was established. On days 3, 5, 7, and 9 post-infection, the mice lung tissue was collected to detect the expression changes in IGF1 mRNA and protein. The mice were divided into four groups: (1) PBS (abbreviation of phosphate buffered saline); (2) PR8 + PBS; (3) PR8 + IGF1; and (4) PR8 + PPP (abbreviation of picropodophyllin, the IGF1 receptor inhibitor). The body weight and survival rate of the mice were monitored daily, and the clinical symptoms of the mice were recorded. On day 5 post-infection, the mice were sacrificed to obtain the serum and lung tissues. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in the serum was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; lung injury was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining; the viral proliferation in the lung was detected by real-time quantitative PCR; and the protein expression of the main molecules in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways was detected by Western blot. It was found that IGF1 expression is upregulated in A549 cells and BALB/c mice infected with PR8, whereas IGF1 regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by PR8 infection. Overexpression of IGF1 aggravated the IAV-mediated inflammatory response, whereas the inhibition of IGF1 receptor reduced such inflammatory response. The phosphorylation of IGF1 receptor triggered the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways to induce an inflammatory response after IAV infection. Therefore, IGF1 plays an important immune function in IAV-mediated acute inflammatory lung injury. IGF1 may provide a therapeutic target for humans in response to an influenza outbreak, and inhibition of IGF1 or IGF1 receptor may represent a novel approach to influenza treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Li
- Center for Hygienic Assessment and Research, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Center for Hygienic Assessment and Research, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Center for Hygienic Assessment and Research, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Center for Hygienic Assessment and Research, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Derong Dong
- Center for Hygienic Assessment and Research, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Bai
- Center for Hygienic Assessment and Research, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanfu Zhang
- Center for Hygienic Assessment and Research, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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A Mechanism Underlying Attenuation of Recombinant Influenza A Viruses Carrying Reporter Genes. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120679. [PMID: 30513620 PMCID: PMC6316390 DOI: 10.3390/v10120679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) carrying reporter genes provide a powerful tool to study viral infection and pathogenesis in vivo, however, incorporating a non-essential gene into the IAV genome often results in virus attenuation and genetic instability. Very few studies have systematically compared different reporter IAVs, and most optimization attempts seem to lack authentic directions. In this study, we evaluated the ratio of genome copies to the number of infectious unit of two reporter IAVs, PR8-NS1-Gluc and PR8-PB2-Gluc. As a result, PR8-NS1-Gluc and PR8-PB2-Gluc produced 41.4 and 3.8 genomes containing noninfectious particles respectively for every such particle produced by parental PR8 virus. RdRp assay demonstrated that modification of segment NS by inserting reporter genes can interfere with the replication competitive property of the corresponding vRNAs, and the balance of the 8 segments of the reporter IAVs were drastically impaired in infected cells. As a consequence, large amounts of NS-null noninfectious particles were produced during the PR8-NS1-Gluc packaging. In summary, we unravel a mechanism underlying attenuation of reporter IAVs, which suggests a new approach to restore infectivity and virulence by introducing extra mutations compensating for the impaired replication property of corresponding segments.
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10
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Belser JA, Maines TR, Tumpey TM. Importance of 1918 virus reconstruction to current assessments of pandemic risk. Virology 2018; 524:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Ferraris O, Casalegno JS, Frobert E, Bouscambert Duchamp M, Valette M, Jacquot F, Raoul H, Lina B, Ottmann M. The NS Segment of H1N1pdm09 Enhances H5N1 Pathogenicity in a Mouse Model of Influenza Virus Infections. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090504. [PMID: 30227598 PMCID: PMC6164720 DOI: 10.3390/v10090504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009, the co-circulation of H5N1 and H1N1pdm09 raised concerns that a reassortment event may lead to highly pathogenic influenza strains. H1N1pdm09 and H5N1 are able to infect the same target cells of the lower respiratory tract. To investigate the capacity of the emergence of reassortant viruses, we characterized viruses obtained from the co-infection of cells with H5N1 (A/Turkey/13/2006) and H1N1pdm09 (A/Lyon/969/2009 H1N1). In our analysis, all the screened reassortants possessed the PB2, HA, and NP segments from H5N1 and acquired one or two of the H1N1pdm09 segments. Moreover, the in vivo infections showed that the acquisition of the NS segment from H1N1pdm09 increased the virulence of H5N1 in mice. We conclude, therefore, that reassortment can occur between these two viruses, even if this process has never been detected in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Ferraris
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologies Humaines Virpath, CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69372 CEDEX 08 Lyon, France.
| | - Jean-Sébastien Casalegno
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologies Humaines Virpath, CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69372 CEDEX 08 Lyon, France.
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69317 CEDEX 04 Lyon, France.
| | - Emilie Frobert
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologies Humaines Virpath, CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69372 CEDEX 08 Lyon, France.
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69317 CEDEX 04 Lyon, France.
| | - Maude Bouscambert Duchamp
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69317 CEDEX 04 Lyon, France.
| | - Martine Valette
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69317 CEDEX 04 Lyon, France.
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Groupement Hospitalier Nord des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69317 CEDEX 04 Lyon, France.
| | - Frédéric Jacquot
- Laboratoire P4 Jean Mérieux Inserm US003, 69365 CEDEX 07 Lyon, France.
| | - Hervé Raoul
- Laboratoire P4 Jean Mérieux Inserm US003, 69365 CEDEX 07 Lyon, France.
| | - Bruno Lina
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologies Humaines Virpath, CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69372 CEDEX 08 Lyon, France.
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69317 CEDEX 04 Lyon, France.
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Groupement Hospitalier Nord des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69317 CEDEX 04 Lyon, France.
| | - Michèle Ottmann
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologies Humaines Virpath, CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69372 CEDEX 08 Lyon, France.
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12
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Pathogenesis and Transmission of Genetically Diverse Swine-Origin H3N2 Variant Influenza A Viruses from Multiple Lineages Isolated in the United States, 2011-2016. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00665-18. [PMID: 29848587 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00665-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While several swine-origin influenza A H3N2 variant (H3N2v) viruses isolated from humans prior to 2011 have been previously characterized for their virulence and transmissibility in ferrets, the recent genetic and antigenic divergence of H3N2v viruses warrants an updated assessment of their pandemic potential. Here, four contemporary H3N2v viruses isolated during 2011 to 2016 were evaluated for their replicative ability in both in vitro and in vivo in mammalian models as well as their transmissibility among ferrets. We found that all four H3N2v viruses possessed similar or enhanced replication capacities in a human bronchial epithelium cell line (Calu-3) compared to a human seasonal influenza virus, suggestive of strong fitness in human respiratory tract cells. The majority of H3N2v viruses examined in our study were mildly virulent in mice and capable of replicating in mouse lungs with different degrees of efficiency. In ferrets, all four H3N2v viruses caused moderate morbidity and exhibited comparable titers in the upper respiratory tract, but only 2 of the 4 viruses replicated in the lower respiratory tract in this model. Furthermore, despite efficient transmission among cohoused ferrets, recently isolated H3N2v viruses displayed considerable variance in their ability to transmit by respiratory droplets. The lack of a full understanding of the molecular correlates of virulence and transmission underscores the need for close genotypic and phenotypic monitoring of H3N2v viruses and the importance of continued surveillance to improve pandemic preparedness.IMPORTANCE Swine-origin influenza viruses of the H3N2 subtype, with the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) derived from historic human seasonal influenza viruses, continue to cross species barriers and cause human infections, posing an indelible threat to public health. To help us better understand the potential risk associated with swine-origin H3N2v viruses that emerged in the United States during the 2011-2016 influenza seasons, we use both in vitro and in vivo models to characterize the abilities of these viruses to replicate, cause disease, and transmit in mammalian hosts. The efficient respiratory droplet transmission exhibited by some of the H3N2v viruses in the ferret model combined with the existing evidence of low immunity against such viruses in young children and older adults highlight their pandemic potential. Extensive surveillance and risk assessment of H3N2v viruses should continue to be an essential component of our pandemic preparedness strategy.
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Wang Y, Yang J, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang J. Composition-dependent membrane disruption by the proapoptotic protein PB1F2 from HK97 influenza A virus. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2572-2581. [PMID: 29933499 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PB1F2 is a proapoptotic protein encoded by an alternative reading frame in the influenza A virus. Its accumulation accelerates mitochondrial fragmentation by decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential following translocation into the mitochondrial inner membrane space, but the mechanistic underpinnings remain unclear. Herein, the PB1F2 from HK97 was expressed and purified in soluble form. The interaction between PB1F2 and the mitochondrial membrane were investigated using three membrane mimics, liposomes, bicelles, and nanodiscs. We show that the interactions between PB1F2 and membrane mimics depend on lipid type and are time- and dose-dependent. The primary membrane target of PB1F2 is phosphatidylcholine, the lipid that forms the major component of mitochondrial inner membranes. PB1F2 disrupts the integrity of lipid membranes by forming micelle-like PB1F2-lipid assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Yang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Jiarong Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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14
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Takahashi T, Suzuki T. Low-pH Stability of Influenza A Virus Sialidase Contributing to Virus Replication and Pandemic. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:817-26. [PMID: 26027822 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The spike glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A virus (IAV) has sialidase activity that cleaves the terminal sialic acids (viral receptors) from oligosaccharide chains of glycoconjugates. A new antigenicity of viral surface glycoproteins for humans has pandemic potential. We found "low-pH stability of sialidase activity" in NA. The low-pH stability can maintain sialidase activity under acidic conditions of pH 4-5. For human IAVs, NAs of all pandemic viruses were low-pH-stable, whereas those of almost all human seasonal viruses were not. The low-pH stability was dependent on amino acid residues near the active site, the calcium ion-binding site, and the subunit interfaces of the NA homotetramer, suggesting effects of the active site and the homotetramer on structural stability. IAVs with the low-pH-stable NA showed much higher virus replication rates than those of IAVs with low-pH-unstable NA, which was correlated with maintenance of sialidase activity under an endocytic pathway of the viral cell entry mechanism, indicating contribution of low-pH stability to high replication rates of pandemic viruses. The low-pH-stable NA of the 1968 H3N2 pandemic virus was derived from the low-pH-stable NA of H2N2 human seasonal virus, one of two types classified by both low-pH stability in N2 NA and a phylogenetic tree of N2 NA genes. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus acquired low-pH-stable NA by two amino acid substitutions at the early stage of the 2009 pandemic. It is thought that low-pH stability contributes to infection spread in a pandemic through enhancement of virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanobu Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Shizuoka
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15
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Deng YM, Spirason N, Iannello P, Jelley L, Lau H, Barr IG. A simplified Sanger sequencing method for full genome sequencing of multiple subtypes of human influenza A viruses. J Clin Virol 2015; 68:43-8. [PMID: 26071334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Full genome sequencing of influenza A viruses (IAV), including those that arise from annual influenza epidemics, is undertaken to determine if reassorting has occurred or if other pathogenic traits are present. Traditionally IAV sequencing has been biased toward the major surface glycoproteins haemagglutinin and neuraminidase, while the internal genes are often ignored. Despite the development of next generation sequencing (NGS), many laboratories are still reliant on conventional Sanger sequencing to sequence IAV. OBJECTIVES To develop a minimal and robust set of primers for Sanger sequencing of the full genome of IAV currently circulating in humans. STUDY DESIGN A set of 13 primer pairs was designed that enabled amplification of the six internal genes of multiple human IAV subtypes including the recent avian influenza A(H7N9) virus from China. Specific primers were designed to amplify the HA and NA genes of each IAV subtype of interest. Each of the primers also incorporated a binding site at its 5'-end for either a forward or reverse M13 primer, such that only two M13 primers were required for all subsequent sequencing reactions. RESULTS This minimal set of primers was suitable for sequencing the six internal genes of all currently circulating human seasonal influenza A subtypes as well as the avian A(H7N9) viruses that have infected humans in China. CONCLUSIONS This streamlined Sanger sequencing protocol could be used to generate full genome sequence data more rapidly and easily than existing influenza genome sequencing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Mo Deng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Natalie Spirason
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Pina Iannello
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Lauren Jelley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Hilda Lau
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ian G Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Victoria 3842, Australia
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16
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Kamal RP, Katz JM, York IA. Molecular determinants of influenza virus pathogenesis in mice. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015; 385:243-74. [PMID: 25038937 DOI: 10.1007/82_2014_388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mice are widely used for studying influenza virus pathogenesis and immunology because of their low cost, the wide availability of mouse-specific reagents, and the large number of mouse strains available, including knockout and transgenic strains. However, mice do not fully recapitulate the signs of influenza infection of humans: transmission of influenza between mice is much less efficient than in humans, and influenza viruses often require adaptation before they are able to efficiently replicate in mice. In the process of mouse adaptation, influenza viruses acquire mutations that enhance their ability to attach to mouse cells, replicate within the cells, and suppress immunity, among other functions. Many such mouse-adaptive mutations have been identified, covering all 8 genomic segments of the virus. Identification and analysis of these mutations have provided insight into the molecular determinants of influenza virulence and pathogenesis, not only in mice but also in humans and other species. In particular, several mouse-adaptive mutations of avian influenza viruses have proved to be general mammalian-adaptive changes that are potential markers of pre-pandemic viruses. As well as evaluating influenza pathogenesis, mice have also been used as models for evaluation of novel vaccines and anti-viral therapies. Mice can be a useful animal model for studying influenza biology as long as differences between human and mice infections are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram P Kamal
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA,
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17
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Hu W, Zhang H, Han Q, Li L, Chen Y, Xia N, Chen Z, Shu Y, Xu K, Sun B. A Vero-cell-adapted vaccine donor strain of influenza A virus generated by serial passages. Vaccine 2015; 33:374-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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18
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SERS molecular sentinel for the RNA genetic marker of PB1-F2 protein in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:460-5. [PMID: 24934747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a simple and sensitive assay for the detection of the RNA genetic marker associated with high pathogenicity influenza (HPAI) virus. The assay constituted of an array of Raman label tagged hairpin-DNA immobilized on a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrate as the molecular sentinel (MS) reporter. Upon incubation of the assay with the target RNA, the structure of the hairpin-DNA probe changed from stem-loop configuration (closed state) to DNA/RNA hybridization configuration (open state) so that the Raman label tag will be physically separated from the SERS substrate and induce a decrease of Raman scattering intensity. A metal film over nanosphere (MFON) substrate was developed with a SERS enhancement of about 1.7 × 10(5). Based on this MS-modified substrate, the SERS signal showed a linear relationship to the target RNA in the range of 0-60 attomoles and the limit of detect is 2.67 attomoles. The non-complementary RNA sequences control was also detected and no spectral response was observed. The sensing process only required a single hybridization step and post-hybridization washing could also be omitted. Given that this ultrasensitive biosensor assay is free of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, it would be a potential diagnostic tool for point-of-care HPAI virus detection.
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19
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The zoonotic potential of avian influenza viruses isolated from wild waterfowl in Zambia. Arch Virol 2014; 159:2633-40. [PMID: 24862188 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whilst remarkable progress in elucidating the mechanisms governing interspecies transmission and pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIVs) has been made, similar studies focusing on low-pathogenic AIVs isolated from the wild waterfowl reservoir are limited. We previously reported that two AIV strains (subtypes H6N2 and H3N8) isolated from wild waterfowl in Zambia harbored some amino acid residues preferentially associated with human influenza virus proteins (so-called human signatures) and replicated better in the lungs of infected mice and caused more morbidity than a strain lacking such residues. To further substantiate these observations, we infected chickens and mice intranasally with AIV strains of various subtypes (H3N6, H3N8, H4N6, H6N2, H9N1 and H11N9) isolated from wild waterfowl in Zambia. Although some strains induced seroconversion, all of the tested strains replicated poorly and were nonpathogenic for chickens. In contrast, most of the strains having human signatures replicated well in the lungs of mice, and one of these strains caused severe illness in mice and induced lung injury that was characterized by a severe accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These results suggest that some strains tested in this study may have the potential to infect mammalian hosts directly without adaptation, which might possibly be associated with the possession of human signature residues. Close monitoring and evaluation of host-associated signatures may help to elucidate the prevalence and emergence of AIVs with potential for causing zoonotic infections.
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20
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Abstract
Influenza has been recognized as a respiratory disease in swine since its first appearance concurrent with the 1918 "Spanish flu" human pandemic. All influenza viruses of significance in swine are type A, subtype H1N1, H1N2, or H3N2 viruses. Influenza viruses infect epithelial cells lining the surface of the respiratory tract, inducing prominent necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis and variable interstitial pneumonia. Cell death is due to direct virus infection and to insult directed by leukocytes and cytokines of the innate immune system. The most virulent viruses consistently express the following characteristics of infection: (1) higher or more prolonged virus replication, (2) excessive cytokine induction, and (3) replication in the lower respiratory tract. Nearly all the viral proteins contribute to virulence. Pigs are susceptible to infection with both human and avian viruses, which often results in gene reassortment between these viruses and endemic swine viruses. The receptors on the epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract are major determinants of infection by influenza viruses from other hosts. The polymerases, especially PB2, also influence cross-species infection. Methods of diagnosis and characterization of influenza viruses that infect swine have improved over the years, driven both by the availability of new technologies and by the necessity of keeping up with changes in the virus. Testing of oral fluids from pigs for virus and antibody is a recent development that allows efficient sampling of large numbers of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Janke
- DVM, PhD, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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21
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Short KR, Kroeze EJBV, Fouchier RAM, Kuiken T. Pathogenesis of influenza-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2013; 14:57-69. [PMID: 24239327 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a fatal complication of influenza infection. In this Review we provide an integrated model for its pathogenesis. ARDS involves damage to the epithelial-endothelial barrier, fluid leakage into the alveolar lumen, and respiratory insufficiency. The most important part of the epithelial-endothelial barrier is the alveolar epithelium, strengthened by tight junctions. Influenza virus targets these epithelial cells, reducing sodium pump activity, damaging tight junctions, and killing infected cells. Infected epithelial cells produce cytokines that attract leucocytes--neutrophils and macrophages--and activate adjacent endothelial cells. Activated endothelial cells and infiltrated leucocytes stimulate further infiltration, and leucocytes induce production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide that damage the barrier. Activated macrophages also cause direct apoptosis of epithelial cells. This model for influenza-induced ARDS differs from the classic model, which is centred on endothelial damage, and provides a rationale for therapeutic intervention to moderate host response in influenza-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty R Short
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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22
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Abdelwhab EM, Veits J, Mettenleiter TC. Avian influenza virus NS1: A small protein with diverse and versatile functions. Virulence 2013; 4:583-8. [PMID: 24051601 PMCID: PMC3906290 DOI: 10.4161/viru.26360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E M Abdelwhab
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut; Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Institute of Molecular Biology; Insel Riems, Germany
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23
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Yiu Lai K, Wing Yiu Ng G, Fai Wong K, Fan Ngai Hung I, Kam Fai Hong J, Fan Cheng F, Kwok Cheung Chan J. Human H7N9 avian influenza virus infection: a review and pandemic risk assessment. Emerg Microbes Infect 2013; 2:e48. [PMID: 26038484 PMCID: PMC3824111 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2013.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
China is undergoing a recent outbreak of a novel H7N9 avian influenza virus (nH7N9) infection that has thus far involved 132 human patients, including 37 deaths. The nH7N9 virus is a reassortant virus originating from the H7N3, H7N9 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses. nH7N9 isolated from humans contains features related to adaptation to humans, including a Q226L mutation in the hemagglutinin cleavage site and E627K and D701N mutations in the PB2 protein. Live poultry markets provide an environment for the emergence, spread and maintenance of nH7N9 as well as for the selection of mutants that facilitate nH7N9 binding to and replication in the human upper respiratory tract. Innate immune suppression conferred by the internal genes of H9N2 may contribute to the virulence of nH7N9. The quail may serve as the intermediate host during the adaptation of avian influenza viruses from domestic waterfowl to gallinaceous poultry, such as chickens and related terrestrial-based species, due to the selection of viral mutants with a short neuraminidase stalk. Infections in chickens, common quails, red-legged partridges and turkeys may select for mutants with human receptor specificity. Infection in Ratitae species may lead to the selection of PB2-E627K and PB2-D701N mutants and the conversion of nH7N9 to a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yiu Lai
- Department of Intensive Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Hong Kong, China
| | - George Wing Yiu Ng
- Department of Intensive Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Hong Kong, China
| | - Kit Fai Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Fanny Fan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Hong Kong, China
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24
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Perez JT, García-Sastre A, Manicassamy B. Insertion of a GFP reporter gene in influenza virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 15:15G.4.1-15G.4.16. [PMID: 23686828 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc15g04s29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of a fluorescent reporter gene into a replication-competent influenza A virus (IAV) has made it possible to trace IAV infection in vivo. This protocol describes the process of inserting a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter into the IAV genome using the established reverse genetics system. The strategy begins with the reorganization of segment eight of the IAV genome, during which the open reading frames of nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and the nuclear export protein (NEP) are separated to allow for GFP fusion to the NS1 protein. The NS1, GFP, and NEP open reading frames (ORF) are then cloned into the IAV rescue system backbone. Upon construction of the GFP-encoding segment eight rescue plasmid, recombinant NS1-GFP influenza virus can be rescued via co-transfection with the remaining seven rescue plasmids. The generated NS1-GFP IAV can subsequently be used to visualize infected cells, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine T Perez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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25
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Zhang H, Hale BG, Xu K, Sun B. Viral and host factors required for avian H5N1 influenza A virus replication in mammalian cells. Viruses 2013; 5:1431-46. [PMID: 23752648 PMCID: PMC3717715 DOI: 10.3390/v5061431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the initial and sporadic emergence into humans of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A viruses in Hong Kong in 1997, we have come to realize the potential for avian influenza A viruses to be transmitted directly from birds to humans. Understanding the basic viral and cellular mechanisms that contribute to infection of mammalian species with avian influenza viruses is essential for developing prevention and control measures against possible future human pandemics. Multiple physical and functional cellular barriers can restrict influenza A virus infection in a new host species, including the cell membrane, the nuclear envelope, the nuclear environment, and innate antiviral responses. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on viral and host factors required for avian H5N1 influenza A viruses to successfully establish infections in mammalian cells. We focus on the molecular mechanisms underpinning mammalian host restrictions, as well as the adaptive mutations that are necessary for an avian influenza virus to overcome them. It is likely that many more viral and host determinants remain to be discovered, and future research in this area should provide novel and translational insights into the biology of influenza virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Molecular Virus Unit, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mail:
| | - Benjamin G. Hale
- Medical Research Council (MRC), University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 8 Church Street, Glasgow, G11 5JR, Scotland, UK; E-Mail:
| | - Ke Xu
- Molecular Virus Unit, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (K.X.); (B.S.); Tel.: +86-21-6385-1929 (K.X.); +86-21-6385-1927 (B.S.); Fax: +86-21-6384-3571 (K.X. and B.S.)
| | - Bing Sun
- Molecular Virus Unit, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mail:
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (K.X.); (B.S.); Tel.: +86-21-6385-1929 (K.X.); +86-21-6385-1927 (B.S.); Fax: +86-21-6384-3571 (K.X. and B.S.)
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26
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Pena L, Sutton T, Chockalingam A, Kumar S, Angel M, Shao H, Chen H, Li W, Perez DR. Influenza viruses with rearranged genomes as live-attenuated vaccines. J Virol 2013; 87:5118-27. [PMID: 23449800 PMCID: PMC3624320 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02490-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza virus subtypes top the World Health Organization's list for the greatest pandemic potential. Inactivated H5N1 vaccines induce limited immune responses and, in the case of live-attenuated influenza virus vaccines (LAIV), there are safety concerns regarding the possibility of reassortment between the H5 gene segment and circulating influenza viruses. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we rearranged the genome of an avian H9N2 influenza virus and expressed the entire H5 hemagglutinin open reading frame (ORF) from the segment 8 viral RNA. These vectors had reduced polymerase activities as well as viral replication in vitro and excellent safety profiles in vivo. Immunization with the dual H9-H5 influenza virus resulted in protection against lethal H5N1 challenge in mice and ferrets, and also against a potentially pandemic H9 virus. Our studies demonstrate that rearranging the influenza virus genome has great potential for the development of improved vaccines against influenza virus as well as other pathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Chickens
- Female
- Ferrets
- Genetic Engineering
- Genome, Viral
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Recombination, Genetic
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindomar Pena
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Influenza a virus entry: implications in virulence and future therapeutics. Adv Virol 2013; 2013:121924. [PMID: 23365574 PMCID: PMC3556402 DOI: 10.1155/2013/121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses have broad host tropism, being able to infect a range of hosts from wild fowl to swine to humans. This broad tropism makes highly pathogenic influenza A strains, such as H5N1, potentially dangerous to humans if they gain the ability to jump from an animal reservoir to humans. How influenza A viruses are able to jump the species barrier is incompletely understood due to the complex genetic nature of the viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin, which mediates entry, combined with the virus's ability to use various receptor linkages. Current therapeutics against influenza A include those that target the uncoating process after entry as well as those that prevent viral budding. While there are therapeutics in development that target entry, currently there are none clinically available. We review here the genetics of influenza A viruses that contribute to entry tropism, how these genetic alterations may contribute to receptor usage and species tropism, as well as how novel therapeutics can be developed that target the major surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin.
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Wei X, Zheng L, Luo F, Lin Z, Guo L, Qiu B, Chen G. Fluorescence biosensor for the H5N1 antibody based on a metal–organic framework platform. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1812-1817. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Rajsbaum R, Albrecht RA, Wang MK, Maharaj NP, Versteeg GA, Nistal-Villán E, García-Sastre A, Gack MU. Species-specific inhibition of RIG-I ubiquitination and IFN induction by the influenza A virus NS1 protein. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1003059. [PMID: 23209422 PMCID: PMC3510253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses can adapt to new host species, leading to the emergence of novel pathogenic strains. There is evidence that highly pathogenic viruses encode for non-structural 1 (NS1) proteins that are more efficient in suppressing the host immune response. The NS1 protein inhibits type-I interferon (IFN) production partly by blocking the TRIM25 ubiquitin E3 ligase-mediated Lys63-linked ubiquitination of the viral RNA sensor RIG-I, required for its optimal downstream signaling. In order to understand possible mechanisms of viral adaptation and host tropism, we examined the ability of NS1 encoded by human (Cal04), avian (HK156), swine (SwTx98) and mouse-adapted (PR8) influenza viruses to interact with TRIM25 orthologues from mammalian and avian species. Using co-immunoprecipitation assays we show that human TRIM25 binds to all tested NS1 proteins, whereas the chicken TRIM25 ortholog binds preferentially to the NS1 from the avian virus. Strikingly, none of the NS1 proteins were able to bind mouse TRIM25. Since NS1 can inhibit IFN production in mouse, we tested the impact of TRIM25 and NS1 on RIG-I ubiquitination in mouse cells. While NS1 efficiently suppressed human TRIM25-dependent ubiquitination of RIG-I 2CARD, NS1 inhibited the ubiquitination of full-length mouse RIG-I in a mouse TRIM25-independent manner. Therefore, we tested if the ubiquitin E3 ligase Riplet, which has also been shown to ubiquitinate RIG-I, interacts with NS1. We found that NS1 binds mouse Riplet and inhibits its activity to induce IFN-β in murine cells. Furthermore, NS1 proteins of human but not swine or avian viruses were able to interact with human Riplet, thereby suppressing RIG-I ubiquitination. In conclusion, our results indicate that influenza NS1 protein targets TRIM25 and Riplet ubiquitin E3 ligases in a species-specific manner for the inhibition of RIG-I ubiquitination and antiviral IFN production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rajsbaum
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Randy A. Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - May K. Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Natalya P. Maharaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gijs A. Versteeg
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Estanislao Nistal-Villán
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michaela U. Gack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Qi X, Pan Y, Qin Y, Zu R, Tang F, Zhou M, Wang H, Song Y. Molecular characterization of avian-like H1N1 swine influenza a viruses isolated in Eastern China, 2011. Virol Sin 2012; 27:292-8. [PMID: 23055004 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-012-3262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, three predominant subtypes of influenza virus are prevalent in pig populations worldwide: H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2. European avian-like H1N1 viruses, which were initially detected in European pig populations in 1979, have been circulating in pigs in eastern China since 2007. In this study, six influenza A viruses were isolated from 60 swine lung samples collected from January to April 2011 in eastern China. Based on whole genome sequencing, molecular characteristics of two isolates were determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed the eight genes of the two isolates were closely related to those of the avian-like H1N1 viruses circulating in pig populations, especially similar to those found in China. Four potential glycosylation sites were observed at positions 13, 26, 198, 277 in the HA1 proteins of the two isolates. Due to the presence of a stop codon at codon 12, the isolates contained truncated PB1-F2 proteins. In this study, the isolates contained 591Q, 627E and 701N in the polymerase subunit PB2, which had been shown to be determinants of virulence and host adaptation. The isolates also had a D rather than E at position 92 of the NS1, a marker of mammalian adaptation. Both isolates contained the GPKV motif at the PDZ ligand domain of the 3' end of the NS1, a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1999, which is distinct from those of avian, human and classical swine viruses. The M2 proteins of the isolates have the mutation (S31N), a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1987, which may confer resistance to amantadine and rimantadine antivirals. Our findings further emphasize the importance of surveillance on the genetic diversity of influenza A viruses in pigs, and raise more concerns about the occurrence of cross-species transmission events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Qi
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China
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32
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Amino acid determinants conferring stable sialidase activity at low pH for H5N1 influenza A virus neuraminidase. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 2:261-6. [PMID: 23650608 PMCID: PMC3642167 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) and human 1918, 1957, and 1968 pandemic IAVs all have neuraminidases (NAs) that are stable at low pH sialidase activity, yet most human epidemic IAVs do not. We examined the pH stability of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian IAV (HPAI) NAs and identified amino acids responsible for conferring stability at low pH. We found that, unlike other avian viruses, most H5N1 IAVs isolated since 2003 had NAs that were unstable at low pH, similar to human epidemic IAVs. These H5N1 viruses are thus already human virus-like and, therefore, have the frequent infections of humans.
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33
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Qi X, Cui L, Jiao Y, Pan Y, Li X, Zu R, Huo X, Wu B, Tang F, Song Y, Zhou M, Wang H, Cardona CJ, Xing Z. Antigenic and genetic characterization of a European avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus from a boy in China in 2011. Arch Virol 2012; 158:39-53. [PMID: 22935945 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cross-species transmission of influenza A viruses from swine to human occurs occasionally. In 2011, an influenza A H1N1 virus, A/Jiangsu/ALS1/2011 (JS/ALS1/2011), was isolated from a boy who suffered from severe pneumonia in China. The virus is closely related antigenically and genetically to avian-like swine H1N1 viruses that have recently been circulating in pigs in China and that were initially detected in European pig populations in 1979. The isolation of JS/ALS1/2011 provides additional evidence that swine influenza viruses can occasionally infect humans and emphasizes the importance of reinforcing influenza virus surveillance in both pigs and humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Child, Preschool
- China
- Genetic Variation
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Phylogeny
- Swine
- Swine Diseases/immunology
- Swine Diseases/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Qi
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
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34
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Effect of age on the pathogenesis and innate immune responses in Pekin ducks infected with different H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Virus Res 2012; 167:196-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Burton DR, Poignard P, Stanfield RL, Wilson IA. Broadly neutralizing antibodies present new prospects to counter highly antigenically diverse viruses. Science 2012; 337:183-6. [PMID: 22798606 DOI: 10.1126/science.1225416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Certain human pathogens avoid elimination by our immune system by rapidly mutating the surface protein sites targeted by antibody responses, and consequently they tend to be problematic for vaccine development. The behavior described is prominent for a subset of viruses--the highly antigenically diverse viruses--which include HIV, influenza, and hepatitis C viruses. However, these viruses do harbor highly conserved exposed sites, usually associated with function, which can be targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies. Until recently, not many such antibodies were known, but advances in the field have enabled increasing numbers to be identified. Molecular characterizations of the antibodies and, most importantly, of the sites of vulnerability that they recognize give hope for the discovery of new vaccines and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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36
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Negri P, Chen G, Kage A, Nitsche A, Naumann D, Xu B, Dluhy RA. Direct optical detection of viral nucleoprotein binding to an anti-influenza aptamer. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5501-8. [PMID: 22687054 DOI: 10.1021/ac202427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated label-free optical detection of viral nucleoprotein binding to a polyvalent anti-influenza aptamer by monitoring the surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) spectra of the aptamer-nucleoprotein complex. The SERS spectra demonstrated that selective binding of the aptamer-nucleoprotein complex could be differentiated from that of the aptamer alone based solely on the direct spectral signature for the aptamer-nucleoprotein complex. Multivariate statistical methods, including principal components analysis, hierarchical clustering, and partial least squares, were used to confirm statistically significant differences between the spectra of the aptamer-nucleoprotein complex and the spectra of the unbound aptamer. Two separate negative controls were used to evaluate the specificity of binding of the viral nucleoproteins to this aptamer. In both cases, no spectral changes were observed that showed protein binding to the control surfaces, indicating a high degree of specificity for the binding of influenza viral nucleoproteins only to the influenza-specific aptamer. Statistical analysis of the spectra supports this interpretation. AFM images demonstrate morphological changes consistent with formation of the influenza aptamer-nucleoprotein complex. These results provide the first evidence for the use of aptamer-modified SERS substrates as diagnostic tools for influenza virus detection in a complex biological matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Negri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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37
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Ping J, Selman M, Tyler S, Forbes N, Keleta L, Brown EG. Low-pathogenic avian influenza virus A/turkey/Ontario/6213/1966 (H5N1) is the progenitor of highly pathogenic A/turkey/Ontario/7732/1966 (H5N9). J Gen Virol 2012; 93:1649-1657. [PMID: 22592261 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.042895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The first confirmed outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus infections in North America was caused by A/turkey/Ontario/7732/1966 (H5N9); however, the phylogeny of this virus is largely unknown. This study performed genomic sequence analysis of 11 avian influenza isolates from 1956 to 1979 for comparison with A/turkey/Ontario/7732/1966 (H5N9). Phylogenetic and genetic analyses included these viruses in combination with all known full-genome sequences of avian viruses isolated before 1981. It was shown that a low-pathogenic avian influenza virus, A/turkey/Ontario/6213/1966 (H5N1), that had been isolated 3 months previously, was the closest known genetic relative with six genome segments of common lineage encoding the polymerase subunits PB2, PB1 and PA, nucleoprotein (NP), haemagglutinin (HA) and non-structural (NS) proteins. The lineages of these genome segments included reassortment with other North American turkey viruses that were all rooted in North American wild waterfowl with the HA gene originating from the H5N2 serotype. The phylogenies demonstrated adaptation from North American wild birds to turkeys with the possible involvement of domestic waterfowl. The turkey isolate, A/turkey/Wisconsin/1968 (H5N9), was the second most closely related poultry isolate to A/turkey/Ontario/7732/1966 (H5N9), possessing five common lineage genome segments (PB2, PB1, PA, HA and neuraminidase). The A/turkey/Ontario/6213/1966 (H5N1) virus was more virulent than A/turkey/Wisconsin/68 (H5N9) for chicken embryos and mice, indicating a greater biological similarity to A/turkey/Ontario/7732/1966 (H5N9). Thus, A/turkey/Ontario/6213/1966 (H5N1) was identified as the closest known ancestral relative of HPAI A/turkey/Ontario/7732/1966 (H5N9), which will serve as a useful reference virus for characterizing the early genetic and biological properties associated with the emergence of pathogenic avian influenza strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Ping
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Influenza Pathogenesis Team, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Emerging Pathogens Research Centre, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mohammed Selman
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Influenza Pathogenesis Team, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Emerging Pathogens Research Centre, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Shaun Tyler
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nicole Forbes
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Influenza Pathogenesis Team, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Emerging Pathogens Research Centre, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Liya Keleta
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Influenza Pathogenesis Team, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Emerging Pathogens Research Centre, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Earl G Brown
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Influenza Pathogenesis Team, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Emerging Pathogens Research Centre, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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38
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Denizot M, Neal JW, Gasque P. Encephalitis due to emerging viruses: CNS innate immunity and potential therapeutic targets. J Infect 2012; 65:1-16. [PMID: 22484271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The emerging viruses represent a group of pathogens that are intimately connected to a diverse range of animal vectors. The recent escalation of air travel climate change and urbanization has meant humans will have increased risk of contacting these pathogens resulting in serious CNS infections. Many RNA viruses enter the CNS by evading the BBB due to axonal transport from the periphery. The systemic adaptive and CNS innate immune systems express pattern recognition receptors PRR (TLRs, RiG-1 and MDA-5) that detect viral nucleic acids and initiate host antiviral response. However, several emerging viruses (West Nile Fever, Influenza A, Enterovirus 71 Ebola) are recognized and internalized by host cell receptors (TLR, MMR, DC-SIGN, CD162 and Scavenger receptor B) and escape immuno surveillance by the host systemic and innate immune systems. Many RNA viruses express viral proteins WNF (E protein), Influenza A (NS1), EV71 (protein 3C), Rabies (Glycoprotein), Ebola proteins (VP24 and VP 35) that inhibit the host cell anti-virus Interferon type I response promoting virus replication and encephalitis. The therapeutic use of RNA interference methodologies to silence gene expression of viral peptides and treat emerging virus infection of the CNS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Denizot
- GRI, Immunopathology and Infectious Disease Research Grouping (IRG, GRI), University of La Reunion, Reunion
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39
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Pandemic Influenza A H1N1 (2009) Virus: Lessons from the Past and Implications for the Future. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2012; 23:12-7. [PMID: 23729996 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-012-0066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The recent pandemic by novel influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (pH1N1) virus is an emerging viral infection, being of significant international concern and requires intensive research. The virus spread in pandemic proportions, and continues to be in the post-pandemic phase. Since, the pH1N1 is still circulating in the community, monitoring is required during the post-pandemic period. The pH1N1 defied influenza seasonality and rapidly became dominant over the seasonal influenza viruses. This new strain was antigenically different from the seasonal H1N1 influenza strains due to the genetic re-assortment. Surprisingly, this new reassortant virus emerged at the end of influenza season, caused a sudden toll of mild illness and is now co-circulating with the seasonal strains. The recent outbreak of pH1N1 consolidates the fact that a new reassortant virus may have originated in animal reservoirs and got transferred to human who were in close contact with these animals. There is a continued need for multisite surveillance to detect potentially dangerous influenza strains, which may emerge and establish themselves in human population. This review is an attempt to address the lessons learnt from the recent influenza pandemic and the future implications for prevention and control of influenza.
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40
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Restored PB1-F2 in the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus has minimal effects in swine. J Virol 2012; 86:5523-32. [PMID: 22379102 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00134-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PB1-F2 is an 87- to 90-amino-acid-long protein expressed by certain influenza A viruses. Previous studies have shown that PB1-F2 contributes to virulence in the mouse model; however, its role in natural hosts-pigs, humans, or birds-remains largely unknown. Outbreaks of domestic pigs infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (pH1N1) have been detected worldwide. Unlike previous pandemic strains, pH1N1 viruses do not encode a functional PB1-F2 due to the presence of three stop codons resulting in premature truncation after codon 11. However, pH1N1s have the potential to acquire the full-length form of PB1-F2 through mutation or reassortment. In this study, we assessed whether restoring the full-length PB1-F2 open reading frame (ORF) in the pH1N1 background would have an effect on virus replication and virulence in pigs. Restoring the PB1-F2 ORF resulted in upregulation of viral polymerase activity at early time points in vitro and enhanced virus yields in porcine respiratory explants and in the lungs of infected pigs. There was an increase in the severity of pneumonia in pigs infected with isogenic virus expressing PB1-F2 compared to the wild-type (WT) pH1N1. The extent of microscopic pneumonia correlated with increased pulmonary levels of alpha interferon and interleukin-1β in pigs infected with pH1N1 encoding a functional PB1-F2 but only early in the infection. Together, our results indicate that PB1-F2 in the context of pH1N1 moderately modulates viral replication, lung histopathology, and local cytokine response in pigs.
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41
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Williamson CD, DeBiasi RL, Colberg-Poley AM. Viral product trafficking to mitochondria, mechanisms and roles in pathogenesis. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2012; 12:18-37. [PMID: 22034933 PMCID: PMC4435936 DOI: 10.2174/187152612798994948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans. However, targeted antiviral therapies have been developed for only a subset of these viruses, with the majority of currently licensed antiviral drugs targeting viral entry, replication or exit steps during the viral life cycle. Due to increasing emergence of antiviral drug resistant viruses, the isolation of multiple viral subtypes, and toxicities of existing therapies, there remains an urgent need for the timely development of novel antiviral agents, including those targeting host factors essential for viral replication. This review summarizes viral products that target mitochondria and their effects on common mitochondria regulated pathways. These viral products and the mitochondrial pathways affected by them provide potential novel targets for the rational design of antiviral drugs. Viral products alter oxidative balance, mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mitochondrial membrane potential, electron transport and energy production. Moreover, viruses may cause the Warburg Effect, in which metabolism is reprogrammed to aerobic glycolysis as the main source of energy. Finally, viral products affect proapoptotic and antiapoptotic signaling, as well as mitochondrial innate immune signaling. Because of their importance for the generation of metabolic intermediates and energy as well as cell survival, mitochondrial pathways are targeted by multiple independent viral products. Structural modifications of existing drugs targeted to mitochondrial pathways may lead to the development of novel antiviral drugs with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D. Williamson
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Roberta L. DeBiasi
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC 20037 Tel. 202-476-3984 FAX 202-476-3929
| | - Anamaris M. Colberg-Poley
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC 20037 Tel. 202-476-3984 FAX 202-476-3929
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC 20037 Tel. 202-476-3984 FAX 202-476-3929
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42
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Darwish I, Mubareka S, Liles WC. Immunomodulatory therapy for severe influenza. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012; 9:807-22. [PMID: 21810053 DOI: 10.1586/eri.11.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Severe influenza is recognized as a clinical syndrome, characterized by hyperinduction of proinflammatory cytokine production, otherwise known as hypercytokinemia or a 'cytokine storm'. Research focused on therapeutics to modulate influenza virus-induced inflammation is currently underway. In this review, we discuss the limitations of current antiviral drug treatment strategies, describe the influenza viral and host pathogenicity determinants, and present the evidence supporting the use of immunomodulatory therapy to target the host inflammatory response as a means to improve clinical outcome in severe influenza. We then review the experimental data on investigational immunomodulatory agents targeting the host inflammatory response in severe influenza, including anti-TNF therapy, statins, glucocorticoids, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, macrolides, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, AMP-activated protein kinase agonists and high mobility group box 1 antagonists. We then conclude with a rationale for the use of mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells and angiopoietin-1 therapy against deleterious influenza-induced host responses that mediate end-organ injury and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyse Darwish
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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43
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Backström Winquist E, Abdurahman S, Tranell A, Lindström S, Tingsborg S, Schwartz S. Inefficient splicing of segment 7 and 8 mRNAs is an inherent property of influenza virus A/Brevig Mission/1918/1 (H1N1) that causes elevated expression of NS1 protein. Virology 2012; 422:46-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Kaminski DA, Lee FEH. Antibodies against conserved antigens provide opportunities for reform in influenza vaccine design. Front Immunol 2011; 2:76. [PMID: 22566865 PMCID: PMC3342000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-performance neutralizing antibody against influenza virus typically recognizes the globular head region of its hemagglutinin (HA) envelope glycoprotein. To-date, approved human vaccination strategies have been designed to induce such antibodies as a sole means of preventing the consequences of this infection. However, frequent amino-acid changes in the HA globular head allow for efficient immune evasion. Consequently, vaccines inducing such neutralizing antibodies need to be annually re-designed and re-administered at a great expense. These vaccines furthermore provide little-to-no immunity against antigenic-shift strains, which arise from complete replacement of HA or of neuraminidase genes, and pose pandemic risks. To address these issues, laboratory research has focused on inducing immunity effective against all strains, regardless of changes in the HA globular head. Despite prior dogma that such cross-protection needs to be induced by cellular immunity alone, several advances in recent years demonstrate that antibodies of other specificities are capable of cross-strain protection in mice. This review discusses the reactivity, induction, efficacy, and mechanisms of antibodies that react with poorly accessible epitopes in the HA stalk, with the matrix 2 membrane ion channel, and even with the internal nucleoprotein. These advances warrant further investigation of the inducibility and efficacy of such revolutionary antibody strategies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Kaminski
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Rochester, NY, USA.
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45
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Gíria MT, Rebelo de Andrade H, Santos LA, Correia VM, Pedro SV, Santos MA. Genomic signatures and antiviral drug susceptibility profile of A(H1N1)pdm09. J Clin Virol 2011; 53:140-4. [PMID: 22177272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic changes in influenza surface and internal genes can alter viral fitness and virulence. Mutation trend analysis and antiviral drug susceptibility profiling of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses is essential for risk assessment of emergent strains and disease management. OBJECTIVE To profile genomic signatures and antiviral drug resistance of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses and to discuss the potential role of mutated residues in human host adaptation and virulence. STUDY DESIGN A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses circulating in Portugal during pandemic and post-pandemic periods and 2009/2010 season. Viruses were isolated in MDCK-SIAT1 cell culture and subjected to mutation analysis of surface and internal proteins, and to antiviral drug susceptibility profiling. RESULTS The A(H1N1)pdm09 strains circulating during the epidemic period in Portugal were resistant to amantadine. The majority of the strains were found to be susceptible to oseltamivir and zanamivir, with five outliers to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) identified. Specific mutation patterns were detected within the functional domains of internal proteins PB2, PB1, PA, NP, NS1, M1 and NS2/NEP, which were common to all isolates and also some cluster-specific. DISCUSSION Modification of viral genome transcription, replication and apoptosis kinetics, changes in antigenicity and antiviral drug susceptibility are known determinants of virulence. We report several point mutations with putative roles in viral fitness and virulence, and discuss their potential to result in more virulent phenotypes. Monitoring of specific mutations and genetic patterns in influenza viral genes is essential for risk assessing emergent strains, disease epidemiology and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tiago Gíria
- CPM-URIA, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Elicitation of anti-1918 influenza virus immunity early in life prevents morbidity and lower levels of lung infection by 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in aged mice. J Virol 2011; 86:1500-13. [PMID: 22130546 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06034-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Spanish influenza virus pandemic of 1918 was responsible for 40 million to 50 million deaths and is antigenically similar to the swine lineage 2009 pandemic influenza virus. Emergence of the 2009 pandemic from swine into humans has raised the possibility that low levels of cross-protective immunity to past shared epitopes could confer protection. In this study, influenza viruslike particles (VLPs) were engineered to express the hemagglutinin (HA) and genes from the 1918 influenza virus to evaluate the duration of cross-protection to the H1N1 pandemic strain by vaccinating young mice (8 to 12 weeks) and then allowing the animals to age to 20 months. This immunity was long lasting, with homologous receptor-blocking antibodies detected throughout the lifespan of vaccinated mice. Furthermore, the 1918 VLPs fully protected aged mice from 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus challenge 16 months after vaccination. Histopathological assessment showed that aged vaccinated mice had significant protection from alveolar infection but less protection of the bronchial tissue than adult vaccinated mice. Additionally, passive transfer of immune serum from aged vaccinated mice resulted in protection from death but not morbidity. This is the first report describing the lifelong duration of cross-reactive immune responses elicited by a 1918 VLP vaccine in a murine model. Importantly, these lifelong immune responses did not result in decreased total viral replication but did prevent infection of the lower respiratory tract. These findings show that immunity acquired early in life can restrict the anatomical location of influenza viral replication, rather than preventing infection, in the aged.
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47
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Xu C, Hu WB, Xu K, He YX, Wang TY, Chen Z, Li TX, Liu JH, Buchy P, Sun B. Amino acids 473V and 598P of PB1 from an avian-origin influenza A virus contribute to polymerase activity, especially in mammalian cells. J Gen Virol 2011; 93:531-540. [PMID: 22090209 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.036434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the avian-origin influenza A virus PB1 protein (avian PB1) enhances influenza A virus polymerase activity in mammalian cells when it replaces the human-origin PB1 protein (human PB1). Characterization of the amino acid residues that contribute to this enhancement is needed. In this study, it was found that PB1 from an avian-origin influenza A virus [A/Cambodia/P0322095/2005, H5N1 (Cam)] could enhance the polymerase activity of an attenuated human isolated virus, A/WSN/33, carrying the PB2 K627E mutation (WSN627E) in vitro. Furthermore, 473V and 598P in the Cam PB1 were identified as the residues responsible for this enhanced activity. The results from recombinant virus experiments demonstrated the contribution of PB1 amino acids 473V and 598P to polymerase activity in mammalian cells and in mice. Interestingly, 473V is conserved in pH1N1 viruses from the 2009 pandemic. Substitution of 473V by leucine in pH1N1 PB1 led to a decreased viral polymerase activity and a lower growth rate in mammalian cells, suggesting that the PB1 473V also plays a role in maintaining efficient virus replication of the pH1N1 virus. Thus, it was concluded that two amino acids in avian-origin PB1, 473V and 598P, contribute to the polymerase activity of the H5N1 virus, especially in mammalian cells, and that 473V in PB1 also contributes to efficient replication of the pH1N1 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Wei-Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Yun-Xia He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Tong-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Ze Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai 200052, PR China
| | - Tian-Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jin-Hua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Bing Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, PR China
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Meijer A, Jonges M, Abbink F, Ang W, van Beek J, Beersma M, Bloembergen P, Boucher C, Claas E, Donker G, van Gageldonk-Lafeber R, Isken L, de Jong A, Kroes A, Leenders S, van der Lubben M, Mascini E, Niesters B, Oosterheert JJ, Osterhaus A, Riesmeijer R, Riezebos-Brilman A, Schutten M, Sebens F, Stelma F, Swaan C, Timen A, van 't Veen A, van der Vries E, te Wierik M, Koopmans M. Oseltamivir-resistant pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses detected through enhanced surveillance in the Netherlands, 2009-2010. Antiviral Res 2011; 92:81-9. [PMID: 21767571 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced surveillance of infections due to the pandemic A(H1N1) influenza virus, which included monitoring for antiviral resistance, was carried out in the Netherlands from late April 2009 through late May 2010. More than 1100 instances of infection with the pandemic A(H1N1) influenza virus from 2009 and 2010 [A(H1N1) 2009] distributed across this period were analyzed. Of these, 19 cases of oseltamivir-resistant virus harboring the H275Y mutation in the neuraminidase (NA) were detected. The mean 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) levels for oseltamivir- and zanamivir-susceptible A(H1N1) 2009 viruses were 1.4-fold and 2-fold, respectively, lower than for the seasonal A(H1N1) influenza viruses from 2007/2008; for oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) 2009 virus the IC50 was 2.9-fold lower. Eighteen of the 19 patients with oseltamivir-resistant virus showed prolonged shedding of the virus and developed resistance while on oseltamivir therapy. Sixteen of these 18 patients had an immunodeficiency, of whom 11 had a hematologic disorder. The two other patients had another underlying disease. Six of the patients who had an underlying disease died; of these, five had received cytostatic or immunosuppressive therapy. No indications for onward transmission of resistant viruses were found. This study showed that the main association for the emergence of cases of oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) 2009 virus was receiving antiviral therapy and having drug-induced immunosuppression or an hematologic disorder. Except for a single case of a resistant virus not linked to oseltamivir therapy, the absence of detection of resistant variants in community specimens and in specimens from contacts of cases with resistant virus suggested that the spread of resistant A(H1N1) 2009 virus was limited. Containment may have been the cumulative result of impaired NA function, successful isolation of the patients, and prophylactic measures to limit exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Meijer
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Ping J, Keleta L, Forbes NE, Dankar S, Stecho W, Tyler S, Zhou Y, Babiuk L, Weingartl H, Halpin RA, Boyne A, Bera J, Hostetler J, Fedorova NB, Proudfoot K, Katzel DA, Stockwell TB, Ghedin E, Spiro DJ, Brown EG. Genomic and protein structural maps of adaptive evolution of human influenza A virus to increased virulence in the mouse. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21740. [PMID: 21738783 PMCID: PMC3128085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive evolution is characterized by positive and parallel, or repeated selection of mutations. Mouse adaptation of influenza A virus (IAV) produces virulent mutants that demonstrate positive and parallel evolution of mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) receptor and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) interferon antagonist genes. We now present a genomic analysis of all 11 genes of 39 mouse adapted IAV variants from 10 replicate adaptation experiments. Mutations were mapped on the primary and structural maps of each protein and specific mutations were validated with respect to virulence, replication, and RNA polymerase activity. Mouse adapted (MA) variants obtained after 12 or 20–21 serial infections acquired on average 5.8 and 7.9 nonsynonymous mutations per genome of 11 genes, respectively. Among a total of 115 nonsynonymous mutations, 51 demonstrated properties of natural selection including 27 parallel mutations. The greatest degree of parallel evolution occurred in the HA receptor and ribonucleocapsid components, polymerase subunits (PB1, PB2, PA) and NP. Mutations occurred in host nuclear trafficking factor binding sites as well as sites of virus-virus protein subunit interaction for NP, NS1, HA and NA proteins. Adaptive regions included cap binding and endonuclease domains in the PB2 and PA polymerase subunits. Four mutations in NS1 resulted in loss of binding to the host cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF30) suggesting that a reduction in inhibition of host gene expression was being selected. The most prevalent mutations in PB2 and NP were shown to increase virulence but differed in their ability to enhance replication and demonstrated epistatic effects. Several positively selected RNA polymerase mutations demonstrated increased virulence associated with >300% enhanced polymerase activity. Adaptive mutations that control host range and virulence were identified by their repeated selection to comprise a defined model for studying IAV evolution to increased virulence in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Ping
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Emerging Pathogens Research Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Influenza Pathogenesis Team, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liya Keleta
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Emerging Pathogens Research Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Influenza Pathogenesis Team, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole E. Forbes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Emerging Pathogens Research Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Influenza Pathogenesis Team, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samar Dankar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Emerging Pathogens Research Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Influenza Pathogenesis Team, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Stecho
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Emerging Pathogens Research Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaun Tyler
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yan Zhou
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Influenza Pathogenesis Team, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorne Babiuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Influenza Pathogenesis Team, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hana Weingartl
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Influenza Pathogenesis Team, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca A. Halpin
- Viral Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alex Boyne
- Viral Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jayati Bera
- Viral Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jessicah Hostetler
- Viral Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nadia B. Fedorova
- Viral Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katie Proudfoot
- Viral Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dan A. Katzel
- Viral Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tim B. Stockwell
- Viral Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Viral Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David J. Spiro
- Viral Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Viral Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Earl G. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Emerging Pathogens Research Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Influenza Pathogenesis Team, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Influenza Pathogenesis Team, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Negri P, Kage A, Nitsche A, Naumann D, Dluhy RA. Detection of viral nucleoprotein binding to anti-influenza aptamers via SERS. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8635-7. [PMID: 21706113 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05433j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman (SERS)-based method for detection of influenza viral nucleoproteins is described. The intrinsic SERS spectrum of the aptamer-nucleoprotein complex provides direct evidence of binding between a polyvalent anti-influenza aptamer and the nucleoproteins of three influenza strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Negri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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