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Ghosh AK, Lee D, Sharma A, Johnson ME, Ghosh AK, Wang YF, Agniswamy J, Amano M, Hattori SI, Weber IT, Mitsuya H. Design of substituted tetrahydrofuran derivatives for HIV-1 protease inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation, and X-ray structural studies. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7354-7372. [PMID: 38973505 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00506f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Substituted tetrahydrofuran derivatives were designed and synthesized to serve as the P2 ligand for a series of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Both enantiomers of the tetrahydrofuran derivatives were synthesized stereoselectivity in optically active forms using lipase-PS catalyzed enzymatic resolution as the key step. These tetrahydrofuran derivatives are designed to promote hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions with the backbone atoms in the S2 subsite of the HIV-1 protease active site. Several inhibitors displayed very potent HIV-1 protease inhibitory activity. A high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of an inhibitor-bound HIV-1 protease provided important insight into the ligand binding site interactions in the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Megan E Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Ajay K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Yuan-Fang Wang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Johnson Agniswamy
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Masayuki Amano
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Irene T Weber
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Chheda D, Shete S, Tanisha T, Devrao Bahadure S, Sampathi S, Junnuthula V, Dyawanapelly S. Multifaceted therapeutic applications of biomimetic nanovaccines. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103991. [PMID: 38663578 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The development of vaccines has had a crucial role in preventing and controlling infectious diseases on a global scale. Innovative formulations of biomimetic vaccines inspired by natural defense mechanisms combine long-term antigen stability, immunogenicity, and targeted delivery with sustained release. Types of biomimetic nanoparticle (NP) include bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), cell membrane-decorated NPs, liposomes, and exosomes. These approaches have shown potential for cancer immunotherapy, and in antibacterial and antiviral applications. Despite current challenges, nanovaccines have immense potential to transform disease prevention and treatment, promising therapeutic approaches for the future. In this review, we highlight recent advances in biomimetic vaccine design, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications, emphasizing their role in personalized medicine, targeted drug delivery, and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Chheda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Sukhen Shete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Tanisha Tanisha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Sumedh Devrao Bahadure
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Sunitha Sampathi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | | | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.
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Ghosh AK, Sharma A, Ghazi S. An Enzymatic Route to the Synthesis of Tricyclic Fused Hexahydrofuranofuran P2-Ligand for a Series of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors. Tetrahedron Lett 2024; 140:155013. [PMID: 38586565 PMCID: PMC10994151 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
We describe a stereoselective synthesis of an optically active (1R, 3aS, 5R, 6S, 7aR)-octahydro-1,6-epoxy-isobenzo-furan-5-ol derivative. This stereochemically defined heterocycle serves as a high-affinity ligand for a variety of HIV-1 protease inhibitors. The key synthetic steps involve a highly enantioselective enzymatic desymmetrization of meso-1,2(dihydroxymethyl)cyclohex-4-ene and conversion of the resulting optically active alcohol to a methoxy hexahydroisobenzofuran derivative. A substrate controlled stereoselective dihydroxylation afforded syn-1,2-diols. Oxidation of diol provided the substituted 1,2-diketone and L-Selectride reduction provided the corresponding inverted syn-1,2-diols. Acid catalyzed cyclization furnished the ligand alcohol in optically active form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Somayeh Ghazi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Sever B, Otsuka M, Fujita M, Ciftci H. A Review of FDA-Approved Anti-HIV-1 Drugs, Anti-Gag Compounds, and Potential Strategies for HIV-1 Eradication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3659. [PMID: 38612471 PMCID: PMC11012182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an enormous global health threat stemming from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Up to now, the tremendous advances in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have shifted HIV-1 infection from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic disorder. However, the presence of latent reservoirs, the multifaceted nature of HIV-1, drug resistance, severe off-target effects, poor adherence, and high cost restrict the efficacy of current cART targeting the distinct stages of the virus life cycle. Therefore, there is an unmet need for the discovery of new therapeutics that not only bypass the limitations of the current therapy but also protect the body's health at the same time. The main goal for complete HIV-1 eradication is purging latently infected cells from patients' bodies. A potential strategy called "lock-in and apoptosis" targets the budding phase of the life cycle of the virus and leads to susceptibility to apoptosis of HIV-1 infected cells for the elimination of HIV-1 reservoirs and, ultimately, for complete eradication. The current work intends to present the main advantages and disadvantages of United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-HIV-1 drugs as well as plausible strategies for the design and development of more anti-HIV-1 compounds with better potency, favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, and improved safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Sever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Türkiye;
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Halilibrahim Ciftci
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Türkiye
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Kwizera E, Wampande EM, Kato CD, Mujinya P, Wandera A, Bwambale F, Mpumbya JR, Siida R, Ssekatawa K. Hepatoprotective effect of methanol fruit extract of Punica granatum L in highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:243-251. [PMID: 38303124 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2298891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has been linked to toxicity, particularly hepatotoxicity. There are few effective drugs for HAART patients that promote hepatic cell regeneration and prevent liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the hepato-protective activity of Methanol fruit extract of Punica granatum (MFEPG) in HAART-administered rats. Thirty rats weighing between 150-200 g were randomly divided into six groups and each group comprised of five rats. Distilled water was given to the rats in group one. Only HAART was given to the rats in group two. MFEPG at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg was given to the rats in groups three and four. MFEPG dosages of 100 and 400 mg/kg along with HAART were given to the rats in groups five and six, respectively. All treatments were via oral gavage daily for 40 days. Under halothane anesthesia, all rats were sacrificed on day 41. Liver tissues were utilized for lipid peroxidation marker; Malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes; Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) and histological evaluation, while blood samples were examined for biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, Total cholesterol, Total protein, and Albumin). The HAART-treated group exhibited a significantly higher amount of the lipid peroxidation end product; MDA, and significantly lower levels of antioxidant enzymes; SOD, and CAT. Liver enzymes and total cholesterol were significantly increased with a significant reduction in Total protein and Albumin levels in the HAART-treated group. Conversely, the liver function biomarkers were returned to normal levels in the HAART and MFEPG-treated groups. Histopathological studies revealed that when HAART-exposed rats were treated with MFEPG, both the biochemical and histological results significantly improved. Thus, the antioxidant activity of MFEPG provides protection against HAART-induced liver oxidative damage. More research is needed to determine the safety of using MFEPG in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliah Kwizera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Eddie M Wampande
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles D Kato
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Pastori Mujinya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Allan Wandera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Fred Bwambale
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Jackie Rachael Mpumbya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Robert Siida
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kenneth Ssekatawa
- Department of Science Technical and Vocational Education, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Africa Center Excellence in Materials Product Development and Nanotechnology (MAPRONANO ACE), College of Engineering Design Art and Technology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Kwizera E, Ssekatawa K, Aja PM, Miruka CO, Wandera A, Mpumbya JR, Siida R, Shehu D, Salihu TS. Methanol Crude Peel Extract of P. granatum Prevents Oxidative Damage in Kidneys of Rats Exposed to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. J Exp Pharmacol 2024; 16:1-11. [PMID: 38213945 PMCID: PMC10778224 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s438368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has been linked to oxidative damage to kidney cells leading to renal disease in people living with HIV/AIDS on HAART treatment. The toxic effects of HAART affect the patients' quality of life leading to poor adherence to their regimen. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the nephron-protective activity of methanol crude peel extract of Punica granatum (MPEPG) in HAART-administered Wistar rats. Methods Thirty male albino Wistar rats weighing between 180-200g were randomly divided into six groups of five rats each. Group one served as normal control and was given distilled water only. Group two serves as a negative control and was given HAART at a dosage of 64 mg/kg. Groups 3 and 4 were given 100 and 400 mg/kg of MPEPG, respectively, while groups 5 and 6 were given MPEPG dosages of 100 and 400 mg/kg along with HAART, respectively, for 40 days. The rats were sacrificed under halothane anaesthesia, and the kidneys were removed for histological evaluation, while blood samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters. Results In the HAART (TLD) treated group, there was a significantly high amount of MDA and a lower level of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT. Biochemical analysis revealed that animals treated with HAART (TLD) had significantly higher levels of urea and creatinine, which are biomarkers of kidney damage than the normal control animals. In contrast, all the kidney function markers were returned to normal levels in the HAART-treated group after administration of methanol crude peel extract of P. granatum. The kidney tissues of animals given HAART had considerable structural damage as revealed by histopathological studies. When HAART-exposed rats were treated with MPEPG, both the biochemical and histological results significantly improved. Conclusion Methanol crude peel extract of P. granatum provided effective protection against kidney oxidative injury brought on by HAART because of its anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliah Kwizera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kenneth Ssekatawa
- Department of Science, Technical and Vocational Education, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Africa Center Excellence in Materials Product Development and Nanotechnology (MAPRONANO ACE), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Maduabuchi Aja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Conrad Ondieki Miruka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Allan Wandera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Jackie Rachael Mpumbya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Robert Siida
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Dayyabu Shehu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Tijjani Shinkafi Salihu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
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Dwivedi AK, Gornalusse GG, Siegel DA, Barbehenn A, Thanh C, Hoh R, Hobbs KS, Pan T, Gibson EA, Martin J, Hecht F, Pilcher C, Milush J, Busch MP, Stone M, Huang ML, Reppetti J, Vo PM, Levy CN, Roychoudhury P, Jerome KR, Hladik F, Henrich TJ, Deeks SG, Lee SA. A cohort-based study of host gene expression: tumor suppressor and innate immune/inflammatory pathways associated with the HIV reservoir size. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011114. [PMID: 38019897 PMCID: PMC10712869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The major barrier to an HIV cure is the HIV reservoir: latently-infected cells that persist despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). There have been few cohort-based studies evaluating host genomic or transcriptomic predictors of the HIV reservoir. We performed host RNA sequencing and HIV reservoir quantification (total DNA [tDNA], unspliced RNA [usRNA], intact DNA) from peripheral CD4+ T cells from 191 ART-suppressed people with HIV (PWH). After adjusting for nadir CD4+ count, timing of ART initiation, and genetic ancestry, we identified two host genes for which higher expression was significantly associated with smaller total DNA viral reservoir size, P3H3 and NBL1, both known tumor suppressor genes. We then identified 17 host genes for which lower expression was associated with higher residual transcription (HIV usRNA). These included novel associations with membrane channel (KCNJ2, GJB2), inflammasome (IL1A, CSF3, TNFAIP5, TNFAIP6, TNFAIP9, CXCL3, CXCL10), and innate immunity (TLR7) genes (FDR-adjusted q<0.05). Gene set enrichment analyses further identified significant associations of HIV usRNA with TLR4/microbial translocation (q = 0.006), IL-1/NRLP3 inflammasome (q = 0.008), and IL-10 (q = 0.037) signaling. Protein validation assays using ELISA and multiplex cytokine assays supported these observed inverse host gene correlations, with P3H3, IL-10, and TNF-α protein associations achieving statistical significance (p<0.05). Plasma IL-10 was also significantly inversely associated with HIV DNA (p = 0.016). HIV intact DNA was not associated with differential host gene expression, although this may have been due to a large number of undetectable values in our study. To our knowledge, this is the largest host transcriptomic study of the HIV reservoir. Our findings suggest that host gene expression may vary in response to the transcriptionally active reservoir and that changes in cellular proliferation genes may influence the size of the HIV reservoir. These findings add important data to the limited host genetic HIV reservoir studies to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K. Dwivedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Germán G. Gornalusse
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David A. Siegel
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alton Barbehenn
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cassandra Thanh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kristen S. Hobbs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tony Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Erica A. Gibson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Martin
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Frederick Hecht
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher Pilcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Milush
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalant Blood Bank, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Blood Bank, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Meei-Li Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Julieta Reppetti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO- Houssay), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Phuong M. Vo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Claire N. Levy
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pavitra Roychoudhury
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Keith R. Jerome
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Florian Hladik
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Henrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sulggi A. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Suleiman M, Almalki FA, Ben Hadda T, Kawsar SMA, Chander S, Murugesan S, Bhat AR, Bogoyavlenskiy A, Jamalis J. Recent Progress in Synthesis, POM Analyses and SAR of Coumarin-Hybrids as Potential Anti-HIV Agents-A Mini Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1538. [PMID: 38004404 PMCID: PMC10675815 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the primary cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), one of the deadliest pandemic diseases. Various mechanisms and procedures have been pursued to synthesise several anti-HIV agents, but due to the severe side effects and multidrug resistance spawning from the treatment of HIV/AIDS using highly active retroviral therapy (HAART), it has become imperative to design and synthesise novel anti-HIV agents. Literature has shown that natural sources, particularly the plant kingdom, can release important metabolites that have several biological, mechanistic and structural representations similar to chemically synthesised compounds. Certainly, compounds from natural and ethnomedicinal sources have proven to be effective in the management of HIV/AIDS with low toxicity, fewer side effects and affordability. From plants, fungi and bacteria, coumarin can be obtained, which is a secondary metabolite and is well known for its actions in different stages of the HIV replication cycle: protease, integrase and reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibition, cell membrane fusion and viral host attachment. These, among other reasons, are why coumarin moieties will be the basis of a good building block for the development of potent anti-HIV agents. This review aims to outline the synthetic pathways, structure-activity relationship (SAR) and POM analyses of coumarin hybrids with anti-HIV activity, detailing articles published between 2000 and 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Suleiman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
- Department of Chemistry, Sokoto State University, Birnin Kebbi Road, Sokoto 852101, Nigeria
| | - Faisal A. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (T.B.H.)
| | - Taibi Ben Hadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (T.B.H.)
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry & Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, MB 524, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Sarkar M. A. Kawsar
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh;
| | - Subhash Chander
- Amity Institute of Phytochemistry & Phytomedicine, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India;
| | - Ajmal R. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India;
| | - Andrey Bogoyavlenskiy
- Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Joazaizulfazli Jamalis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
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9
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Ghosh AK, Mishevich JL, Kovela S, Shaktah R, Ghosh AK, Johnson M, Wang YF, Wong-Sam A, Agniswamy J, Amano M, Takamatsu Y, Hattori SI, Weber IT, Mitsuya H. Exploration of imatinib and nilotinib-derived templates as the P2-Ligand for HIV-1 protease inhibitors: Design, synthesis, protein X-ray structural studies, and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115385. [PMID: 37150084 PMCID: PMC10759558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Structure-based design, synthesis, X-ray structural studies, and biological evaluation of a new series of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors are described. These inhibitors contain various pyridyl-pyrimidine, aryl thiazole or alkylthiazole derivatives as the P2 ligands in combination with darunavir-like hydroxyethylamine sulfonamide isosteres. These heterocyclic ligands are inherent to kinase inhibitor drugs, such as nilotinib and imatinib. These ligands are designed to make hydrogen bonding interactions with the backbone atoms in the S2 subsite of HIV-1 protease. Various benzoic acid derivatives have been synthesized and incorporation of these ligands provided potent inhibitors that exhibited subnanomolar level protease inhibitory activity and low nanomolar level antiviral activity. Two high resolution X-ray structures of inhibitor-bound HIV-1 protease were determined. These structures provided important ligand-binding site interactions for further optimization of this class of protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
| | - Jennifer L Mishevich
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Satish Kovela
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Ryan Shaktah
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Ajay K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Megan Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Yuan-Fang Wang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, United States
| | - Andres Wong-Sam
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, United States
| | - Johnson Agniswamy
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, United States
| | - Masayuki Amano
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Irene T Weber
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, United States
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan; Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
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10
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Li S, Wang X, Yang Y, Wu X, Zhang L. Discovering the Mechanisms of Oleodaphnone as a Potential HIV Latency-Reversing Agent by Transcriptome Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087357. [PMID: 37108519 PMCID: PMC10138910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent HIV is a key factor that makes AIDS difficult to cure. Highly effective and specific latent HIV activators can effectively activate latent HIV, and then combined with antiretroviral therapy to achieve a functional cure of AIDS. Here, four sesquiterpenes (1-4) including a new one (1), five flavonoids (5-9) including three biflavonoid structures, and two lignans (10 and 11) were obtained from the roots of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by experimental electronic circular dichroism. NH2 cell model was used to test the activity of these 11 compounds in activating latent HIV. Oleodaphnone (2) showed the latent HIV activation effect as well as the positive drug prostratin, and the activation effect was time- and concentration-dependent. Based on transcriptome analysis, the underlying mechanism was that oleodaphnone regulated the TNF, C-type lectin receptor, NF-κB, IL-17, MAPK, NOD-like receptor, JAK-Stat, FoxO, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. This study provides the basis for the potential development of oleodaphnone as an effective HIV latency-reversing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiuyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xingkang Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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11
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Ghosh AK, Shahabi D, Kipfmiller M, Ghosh AK, Johnson M, Wang YF, Agniswamy J, Amano M, Weber IT, Mitsuya H. Evaluation of darunavir-derived HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating P2' amide-derivatives: Synthesis, biological evaluation and structural studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 83:129168. [PMID: 36738797 PMCID: PMC10061991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis and biological evaluation of darunavir derived HIV-1 protease inhibitors and their functional effect on enzyme inhibition and antiviral activity in MT-2 cell lines. The P2' 4-amino functionality was modified to make a number of amide derivatives to interact with residues in the S2' subsite of the HIV-1 protease active site. Several compounds exhibited picomolar enzyme inhibitory and low nanomolar antiviral activity. The X-ray crystal structure of the chloroacetate derivative bound to HIV-1 protease was determined. Interestingly, the active chloroacetate group converted to the acetate functionality during X-ray exposure. The structure revealed that the P2' carboxamide functionality makes enhanced hydrogen bonding interactions with the backbone atoms in the S2'-subsite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Dana Shahabi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Maya Kipfmiller
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ajay K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Megan Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yuan-Fang Wang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Johnson Agniswamy
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Masayuki Amano
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Irene T Weber
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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12
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Dwivedi AK, Siegel DA, Thanh C, Hoh R, Hobbs KS, Pan T, Gibson EA, Martin J, Hecht F, Pilcher C, Milush J, Busch MP, Stone M, Huang ML, Levy CN, Roychoudhury P, Hladik F, Jerome KR, Henrich TJ, Deeks SG, Lee SA. Differences in expression of tumor suppressor, innate immune, inflammasome, and potassium/gap junction channel host genes significantly predict viral reservoir size during treated HIV infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.10.523535. [PMID: 36712077 PMCID: PMC9882059 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.10.523535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The major barrier to an HIV cure is the persistence of infected cells that evade host immune surveillance despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Most prior host genetic HIV studies have focused on identifying DNA polymorphisms (e.g., CCR5Δ32 , MHC class I alleles) associated with viral load among untreated "elite controllers" (~1% of HIV+ individuals who are able to control virus without ART). However, there have been few studies evaluating host genetic predictors of viral control for the majority of people living with HIV (PLWH) on ART. We performed host RNA sequencing and HIV reservoir quantification (total DNA, unspliced RNA, intact DNA) from peripheral CD4+ T cells from 191 HIV+ ART-suppressed non-controllers. Multivariate models included covariates for timing of ART initiation, nadir CD4+ count, age, sex, and ancestry. Lower HIV total DNA (an estimate of the total reservoir) was associated with upregulation of tumor suppressor genes NBL1 (q=0.012) and P3H3 (q=0.012). Higher HIV unspliced RNA (an estimate of residual HIV transcription) was associated with downregulation of several host genes involving inflammasome ( IL1A, CSF3, TNFAIP5, TNFAIP6, TNFAIP9 , CXCL3, CXCL10 ) and innate immune ( TLR7 ) signaling, as well as novel associations with potassium ( KCNJ2 ) and gap junction ( GJB2 ) channels, all q<0.05. Gene set enrichment analyses identified significant associations with TLR4/microbial translocation (q=0.006), IL-1β/NRLP3 inflammasome (q=0.008), and IL-10 (q=0.037) signaling. HIV intact DNA (an estimate of the "replication-competent" reservoir) demonstrated trends with thrombin degradation ( PLGLB1 ) and glucose metabolism ( AGL ) genes, but data were (HIV intact DNA detected in only 42% of participants). Our findings demonstrate that among treated PLWH, that inflammation, innate immune responses, bacterial translocation, and tumor suppression/cell proliferation host signaling play a key role in the maintenance of the HIV reservoir during ART. Further data are needed to validate these findings, including functional genomic studies, and expanded epidemiologic studies in female, non-European cohorts. Author Summary Although lifelong HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses virus, the major barrier to an HIV cure is the persistence of infected cells that evade host immune surveillance despite effective ART, "the HIV reservoir." HIV eradication strategies have focused on eliminating residual virus to allow for HIV remission, but HIV cure trials to date have thus far failed to show a clinically meaningful reduction in the HIV reservoir. There is an urgent need for a better understanding of the host-viral dynamics during ART suppression to identify potential novel therapeutic targets for HIV cure. This is the first epidemiologic host gene expression study to demonstrate a significant link between HIV reservoir size and several well-known immunologic pathways (e.g., IL-1β, TLR7, TNF-α signaling pathways), as well as novel associations with potassium and gap junction channels (Kir2.1, connexin 26). Further data are needed to validate these findings, including functional genomic studies and expanded epidemiologic studies in female, non-European cohorts.
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13
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Strong anti-viral nano biocide based on Ag/ZnO modified by amodiaquine as an antibacterial and antiviral composite. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19934. [PMID: 36402913 PMCID: PMC9675852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we synthesized Ag/ZnO composite colloidal nanoparticles and the surface of nanoparticles was improved by amodiaquine ligand. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using the XRD diffraction pattern, FT-IR Spectroscopy, TEM image, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of the synthesized colloid were examined on E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus hirae bacteria, and Candida Albicans and form spore aspergillus fungi, also influenza, herpes simplex, and covid 19 viruses. The results indicate more than 7 log removal of the bacteria, fungi, and viruses by synthesized colloid with a concentration of 15 μg/L (Ag)/50 µg/ml (ZnO). This removal for covid 19 virus is from 3.2 × 108 numbers to 21 viruses within 30 s. Also, irritation and toxicity tests of the synthesized colloid show harmless effects on human cells and tissues. These colloidal nanoparticles were used as mouthwash solution and their clinical tests were done on 500 people infected by the coronavirus. The results indicate that by washing their mouth and nose three times on day all patients got healthy at different times depending on the depth of the disease. Almost all people with no signs of infection and using this solution as a mouthwash didn't infect by the virus during the study.
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14
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Design and Evaluation of Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Phenols or Polyphenols as P2 Ligands with High Activity against DRV-Resistant HIV-1 Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214178. [PMID: 36430656 PMCID: PMC9697080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant variants, novel potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant causative viruses are urgently needed. Herein, we designed and synthesized a new series of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with phenols or polyphenols as the P2 ligands and a variety of sulfonamide analogs as the P2' ligands. A number of these new inhibitors showed superb enzymatic inhibitory activity and antiviral activity. In particular, inhibitors 15d and 15f exhibited potent enzymatic inhibitory activity in the low picomolar range, and the latter showed excellent activity against the Darunavir-resistant HIV-1 variant. Furthermore, the molecular modeling studies provided insight into the ligand-binding site interactions between inhibitors and the enzyme cavity, and they sparked inspiration for the further optimization of potent inhibitors.
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15
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Xie M, Wang A, Wang K, Yu Y, Lin Z. Association between HIV duration and symptom distress among middle-aged and elderly people with HIV-infected in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:728. [PMID: 36058926 PMCID: PMC9442943 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Debate has persisted regarding whether PLWH with longer HIV durations have lower levels of prevalence and severity of symptoms compared with their newly diagnosed counterparts. Whether and how the HIV duration impact the symptom distress among middle-aged and older PLWH has not been explored clearly. Methods The patients with HIV-infected aged more than 40 years old were included from seven designated medical institutions of seven regions in China. Outcome was the score of symptom distress. We used the multiple regression model to calculate adjusted Coefficient of Regression (β) with 95% CI in this study. Results Among 210 participants (mean age 50.8 years; 71.0% male; 68.1% at asymptomatic stage) in the study, the median number of symptoms was 5. Of all symptoms reported, the most distressed symptoms were sleep disturbance (33.33%), followed by memory loss (31.90%), fatigue (26.67%), slow reactions (22.86%), and vision blur (21.90%). All participants were divided into four groups according to HIV duration, and the median of total score of symptom ditress among all participants was 0.1(0.0,0.9). Difference of total scores and clusters’ scores of symptom distress among four HIV duration groups were statistically significant. 51 participants with 6–10 years HIV duration were more likely to be higher level of education, at asymptomatic stage and have higher CD4 + T cell count. After adjustment for gender, age, race, education, marital status, employment, family income, region, stage of disease and CD4 + T cell count, the score of symptom distress among participants with 6–10 years HIV duration had was higher with the extension of HIV duration. Specially in physical symptoms and psychological symptoms,participants with 6–10 years HIV duration reported the persisting worse burdensome. Conclusions HIV duration with 6–10 yearsmay be a key period that the medical team needs to pay special attention to among middle-aged and elderly PLWH. There is a need to provide medical and psychosocial services targeting middle-aged and elderly PLWH according to their changing symptom distress. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: ChiCTR2100046225. Registered 11 May 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Xie
- Department of Public Service, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Nursing, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Department of Public Service, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Kerong Wang
- Beijing Home of Red Ribbon, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Yu
- Beijing Home of Red Ribbon, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Lin
- Department of Quality Control, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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A convenient synthesis of (3S,3aR,5R,7aS,8S)-Hexahydro-4H-3,5-methanofuro[2,3-b]pyran-8-ol, a high-affinity nonpeptidyl ligand for highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Butnariu M, Quispe C, Koirala N, Khadka S, Salgado-Castillo CM, Akram M, Anum R, Yeskaliyeva B, Cruz-Martins N, Martorell M, Kumar M, Vasile Bagiu R, Abdull Razis AF, Sunusi U, Muhammad Kamal R, Sharifi-Rad J. Bioactive Effects of Curcumin in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Along with the Most Effective Isolation Techniques and Type of Nanoformulations. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3619-3632. [PMID: 35996526 PMCID: PMC9391931 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s364501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with African countries being the worst affected by this deadly virus. Curcumin (CUR) is a Curcuma longa-derived polyphenol that has attracted the attention of researchers due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiviral effects. CUR also demonstrates anti-HIV effects by acting as a possible inhibitor of gp120 binding, integrase, protease, and topoisomerase II activities, besides also exerting a protective action against HIV-associated diseases. However, its effectiveness is limited due to its poor water solubility, rapid metabolism, and systemic elimination. Nanoformulations have been shown to be useful to enhance curcumin’s bioavailability and its effectiveness as an anti-HIV agent. In this sense, bioactive effects of CUR in HIV infection are carefully reviewed, along with the most effective isolation techniques and type of nanoformulations available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Butnariu
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Discipline, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, 300645, Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, 1110939, Chile
| | - Niranjan Koirala
- Department of Natural Products Research, Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujan Khadka
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry" with "State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Anum
- SINA Health, Education and Welfare Trust, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Balakyz Yeskaliyeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Gandra PRD, 4585-116, Portugal.,TOXRUN-Oxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, 4070386, Chile.,Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, 4070386, Chile
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and BioChemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Radu Vasile Bagiu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara Department of Microbiology, Timisoara, Romania.,Preventive Medicine Study Center, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Usman Sunusi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ramla Muhammad Kamal
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
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18
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Fotooh Abadi L, Damiri F, Zehravi M, Joshi R, Pai R, Berrada M, Massoud EES, Rahman MH, Rojekar S, Cavalu S. Novel Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Targeting HIV Reservoirs. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:3090. [PMID: 35956604 PMCID: PMC9370744 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is prescribed for HIV infection and, to a certain extent, limits the infection's spread. However, it cannot completely eradicate the latent virus in remote and cellular reservoir areas, and due to the complex nature of the infection, the total eradication of HIV is difficult to achieve. Furthermore, monotherapy and multiple therapies are not of much help. Hence, there is a dire need for novel drug delivery strategies that may improve efficacy, decrease side effects, reduce dosing frequency, and improve patient adherence to therapy. Such a novel strategy could help to target the reservoir sites and eradicate HIV from different biological sanctuaries. In the current review, we have described HIV pathogenesis, the mechanism of HIV replication, and different biological reservoir sites to better understand the underlying mechanisms of HIV spread. Further, the review deliberates on the challenges faced by the current conventional drug delivery systems and introduces some novel drug delivery strategies that have been explored to overcome conventional drug delivery limitations. In addition, the review also summarizes several nanotechnology-based approaches that are being explored to resolve the challenges of HIV treatment by the virtue of delivering a variety of anti-HIV agents, either as combination therapies or by actively targeting HIV reservoir sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Fotooh Abadi
- Department of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Fouad Damiri
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Precision NanoSystem Inc., Vancouver, BC V6P 6T7, Canada;
| | - Rohan Pai
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Mohammed Berrada
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
| | - Ehab El Sayed Massoud
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Dahran Aljnoub, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Agriculture Research Centre, Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Giza 3725004, Egypt
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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19
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Mokgethi NO, Christofides N, Machisa M, Akpomiemie G, Lalla-Edward S. Quality of life and associated factors among people receiving second-line anti-retroviral therapy in Johannesburg, South Africa. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:456. [PMID: 35550020 PMCID: PMC9103409 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies which examine quality of life (QOL) provide important insights that are needed to understand the impacts of HIV/AIDS anti-retroviral treatment (ART), comorbid conditions and other factors on the daily activities of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLH). This study aimed to determine the inter-relationships between clinical factors, behavioural, socio-demographic variables and QOL among PLH. Methods The secondary analysis used data collected from 293 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLH) receiving second-line ART in Johannesburg in a clinical trial which evaluated the non-inferiority of ritonavir-boosted darunavir (DRV/r 400/100 mg) compared to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) over a 48 week-period. Physical functioning, cognitive and mental QOL were measured using the Aids Clinical Trial Group questionnaire. Exploratory factor analyses were used to examine the structure, the relationships between and the construct validity of QOL items. Structural equation models which tested the a priori-hypothesised inter-relationships between QOL and other variables were estimated and goodness of fit of the models to the data was assessed. Results Patients on darunavir presented with lower pill burden. Older patients and women were more likely to report lower QOL scores. Pill burden mediated the effects of age, sex and treatment regimen on physical functioning QOL and adverse effects; the effects of age, sex, treatment regimen and adverse effects on cognitive QOL; and the effects of sex on mental QOL. Conclusion QOL among PLH is associated with socio-demographic and clinical factors. Therefore, QOL could be enhanced by considering PLH characteristics, clinical factors such as regimen side-effects profile, management of comorbid conditions and mitigating risks such as potential adverse drug-to-drug interactions among patients on ART. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07429-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomcebo Oratile Mokgethi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, WHO, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa. .,School of Public Health, Wits University, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | | | - Mercilene Machisa
- School of Public Health, Wits University, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Godspower Akpomiemie
- School of Public Health, Wits University, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Samantha Lalla-Edward
- School of Public Health, Wits University, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Pasha MA, Mondal S, Panigrahi N, Shetye G, Ma R, Franzblau SG, Zheng YT, Murugesan S. One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Hydrazono 1,3-Thiazolidin-4-One Derivatives: Molecular Modelling, ADMET And Biological Evaluation of Anti-HIV And Anti-Tubercular Agents. Curr HIV Res 2022; 20:255-271. [PMID: 35549861 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x20666220512163049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The necessity for newer anti-HIV and anti-tubercular medications has arisen as a result of the prevalence of opportunistic infections caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). OBJECTIVE A series of ten new hydrazono 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized in one-pot and evaluated for anti-HIV and anti-tubercular activities. Molecular Docking was perormed with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase protein (PDB ID: 1REV) and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) H37Rv protein (PDB ID: 2YES) receptors along with drug-likeness and ADMET properties. METHODS One-pot synthesis of hydrazono 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives was carried out by ketones, thiosemicarbazide and ethylchloroacetate with the catalyst of anhydrous sodium acetate. All the synthesized compounds were characterized, and evaluated for their in-vitro anti-HIV and also evaluated for their in-vitro anti-tubercular activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. In-silico predicted physicochemical parameters were done by MedChem DesignerTM software version 5.5 and ADMET parameters by pkCSM online tool. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed with pyrx 0.8 by autodock vina software. RESULTS All the synthesized compounds were characterized and evaluated for their in-vitro anti-HIV activity for inhibition of syncytia formation, which shows KTE1 with EC5¬0 47.95 µM and Selectivity Index (SI) of >4.17 and for inhibition of p24 antigen production EC5¬0 was found to be 80.02 µM and SI of >2.49. The compounds were also evaluated for their in-vitro anti-tubercular activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, in which KTE1 MIC values of 12.5µg/ml with SI of >4.0 and cytotoxicity against Vero cell lines. In-silico predicted physicochemical parameters for synthesized compounds which were found to be drug-like. Furthermore, docking has shown a good dock score and binding energy with anti-HIV and anti-tubercular receptors. CONCLUSION From the novel synthesized molecules none of the molecule is as effective as standards for anti-HIV and anti-tubercular drugs and hence can be further explored for its potential activities. Furthermore, derivatization was made to achieve more potent compounds for anti-HIV and anti-tubercular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif Pasha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, Rushikonda, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045. Andhra Pradesh. India
| | - Sumanta Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, Rushikonda, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045. Andhra Pradesh. India
| | - Naresh Panigrahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, Rushikonda, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045. Andhra Pradesh. India
| | - Gauri Shetye
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois-60612. USA
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois-60612. USA
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois-60612. USA
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province /Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan-650223. China
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani-333031. Rajasthan. India
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Hamre JR, Jafri MS. Optimizing peptide inhibitors of SARS-Cov-2 nsp10/nsp16 methyltransferase predicted through molecular simulation and machine learning. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022; 29:100886. [PMID: 35252541 PMCID: PMC8883729 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses, including the recent pandemic strain SARS-Cov-2, use a multifunctional 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) to restrict the host defense mechanism and to methylate RNA. The nonstructural protein 16 2'-O-MTase (nsp16) becomes active when nonstructural protein 10 (nsp10) and nsp16 interact. Novel peptide drugs have shown promise in the treatment of numerous diseases and new research has established that nsp10 derived peptides can disrupt viral methyltransferase activity via interaction of nsp16. This study had the goal of optimizing new analogous nsp10 peptides that have the ability to bind nsp16 with equal to or higher affinity than those naturally occurring. The following research demonstrates that in silico molecular simulations can shed light on peptide structures and predict the potential of new peptides to interrupt methyltransferase activity via the nsp10/nsp16 interface. The simulations suggest that misalignments at residues F68, H80, I81, D94, and Y96 or rotation at H80 abrogate MTase function. We develop a new set of peptides based on conserved regions of the nsp10 protein in the Coronaviridae species and test these to known MTase variant values. This results in the prediction that the H80R variant is a solid new candidate for potential new testing. We envision that this new lead is the beginning of a reputable foundation of a new computational method that combats coronaviruses and that is beneficial for new peptide drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Hamre
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - M Saleet Jafri
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Xu S, Song S, Sun L, Gao P, Gao S, Ma Y, Kang D, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Cherukupalli S, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Liu X, Zhan P. Indolylarylsulfones bearing phenylboronic acid and phenylboronate ester functionalities as potent HIV‑1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 53:116531. [PMID: 34890994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To explore the chemical space around the entrance channel of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) binding pocket, we innovatively designed and synthesized a series of novel indolylarylsulfones (IASs) bearing phenylboronic acid and phenylboronate ester functionalities at the indole-2-carboxamide as new HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) through structure-based drug design. All the newly synthesized compounds exhibited excellent to moderate potency against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 with EC50 values ranging from 6.7 to 42.6 nM. Among all, (3-ethylphenyl)boronic acid substituted indole-2-carboxamide and (4-ethylphenyl) boronate ester substituted indole-2-carboxamide were found to be the most potent inhibitors (EC50 = 8.5 nM, SI = 3310; EC50 = 6.7 nM, SI = 3549, respectively). Notably, (3-ethylphenyl)boronic acid substituted indole-2-carboxamide maintained excellent activities against the single HIV-1 mutants L100I (EC50 = 7.3 nM), K103N (EC50 = 9.2 nM), as well as the double mutant V106A/F227L (EC50 = 21.1 nM). Preliminary SARs and molecular modelling studies are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shu Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shenghua Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yusen Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xujie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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Sengupta S, Das P. Application of diazonium chemistry in purine modifications: A focused review. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saumitra Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad India
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Ultra-long acting prodrug of dolutegravir and delivery system - Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and formulation characterizations. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120889. [PMID: 34271151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The focus of present work was to characterize ultra-long acting prodrug of dolutegravir (DTG) and develop biodegradable microparticle formulation. Palmitic acid (PA) conjugated prodrug of DTG was prepared by esterification of hydroxyl group of DTG with the carboxyl group of PA. Physicochemical properties of the prodrug was characterize by MS, NMR, FTIR, SEM, DSC, NIR-CI, pH-solubility, and solid and liquid pH-stability. Comparative solid and liquid stability was performed by storing powder DTG and DTG-Palmitate at 40 °C/75% RH for three months and liquid solution pH 2-8 at room temperature for 24 h, respectively. Pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed in white albino New Zealand rabbits by subcutaneous injection (30 mg/Kg). Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticle formulation was prepared by emulsification-evaporation method and characterized for particle size distribution, shape, drug loading and in-vitro release. MS, NMR, FTIR, SEM, DSC, NIR-CI indicated formation of prodrug. Melting point of the prodrug was lower than DTG but higher than PA. Shape of DTG crystals was irregular while DTG-Palmitate crystals was fine-needle. Solid and liquid stability profiles of the prodrug were similar to DTG. Plasma half-life, area under the curve, and mean-residence time of DTG-Palmitate were 8.8, 2.3 and 14.7 folds of DTG. D90 of DTG and DTG-Palmitate microparticles was 107.1 ± 2.7 and 94.3 ± 3.4 µm, respectively. The in-vitro drug release was almost complete in three weeks from DTG microparticles while it was <85% in six months from DTG-Palmitate microparticles. In conclusion, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties and biodegradable microparticles of the prodrug suggested that the prodrug has potential of sustaining DTG release for ultra-long period compared to DTG.
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Ajingi YS, Rukying N, Aroonsri A, Jongruja N. Recombinant active Peptides and their Therapeutic functions. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:645-663. [PMID: 34225618 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210702123934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant active peptides are utilized as diagnostic and biotherapeutics in various maladies and as bacterial growth inhibitors in the food industry. This consequently stimulated the need for recombinant peptides' production, which resulted in about 19 approved biotech peptides of 1-100 amino acids commercially available. While most peptides have been produced by chemical synthesis, the production of lengthy and complicated peptides comprising natural amino acids has been problematic with low quantity. Recombinant peptide production has become very vital, cost-effective, simple, environmentally friendly with satisfactory yields. Several reviews have focused on discussing expression systems, advantages, disadvantages, and alternatives strategies. Additionally, the information on the antimicrobial activities and other functions of multiple recombinant peptides is challenging to access and is scattered in literature apart from the food and drug administration (FDA) approved ones. From the reports that come to our knowledge, there is no existing review that offers substantial information on recombinant active peptides developed by researchers and their functions. This review provides an overview of some successfully produced recombinant active peptides of ≤100 amino acids by focusing on their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, antimalarial, and immune-modulatory functions. It also elucidates their modes of expression that could be adopted and applied in future investigations. We expect that the knowledge available in this review would help researchers involved in recombinant active peptide development for therapeutic uses and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'u Sabo Ajingi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok. Thailand
| | - Neeranuch Rukying
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kano University of Science and Technology (KUST), Wudil. Nigeria
| | - Aiyada Aroonsri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani. Thailand
| | - Nujarin Jongruja
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kano University of Science and Technology (KUST), Wudil. Nigeria
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Recent Advancements in Polythiophene-Based Materials and their Biomedical, Geno Sensor and DNA Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136850. [PMID: 34202199 PMCID: PMC8268102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the unique properties of intrinsically conducting polymer (ICP) in biomedical engineering fields are summarized. Polythiophene and its valuable derivatives are known as potent materials that can broadly be applied in biosensors, DNA, and gene delivery applications. Moreover, this material plays a basic role in curing and promoting anti-HIV drugs. Some of the thiophene’s derivatives were chosen for different experiments and investigations to study their behavior and effects while binding with different materials and establishing new compounds. Many methods were considered for electrode coating and the conversion of thiophene to different monomers to improve their functions and to use them for a new generation of novel medical usages. It is believed that polythiophenes and their derivatives can be used in the future as a substitute for many old-fashioned ways of creating chemical biosensors polymeric materials and also drugs with lower side effects yet having a more effective response. It can be noted that syncing biochemistry with biomedical engineering will lead to a new generation of science, especially one that involves high-efficiency polymers. Therefore, since polythiophene can be customized with many derivatives, some of the novel combinations are covered in this review.
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Rojekar S, Fotooh Abadi L, Pai R, Mahajan K, Kulkarni S, Vavia PR. Multi-organ targeting of HIV-1 viral reservoirs with etravirine loaded nanostructured lipid carrier: An in-vivo proof of concept. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 164:105916. [PMID: 34166780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inadequate bioavailability and toxicity potential of antiretroviral therapy limit their effectiveness in the complete eradication of HIV from viral reservoirs. The penetration of these drugs into the brain is challenging because of the unfavorable physicochemical properties required to cross the membranes, limiting the transport of the drugs. Thus, in the current study, the authors report a nanocarrier-based drug delivery of a highly hydrophobic drug to overcome the existing limitations of the conventional therapies. An explicitly simple approach was used to overcome the limitations of existing anti-HIV therapies. The monophasic hot homogenized solution of lipid, drug, and solubilizer was diluted with the predetermined hot surfactant solution followed by the ultrasonication to generate the polydisperse nanoparticles with the size range of 50-1000 nm. The anti-HIV1 potential of nanostructured lipid carriers of Etravirine on HIV-infected cell lines showed efficacy with an appreciable increase in the therapeutic index as compared with the plain drug. Further, the results obtained from confocal microscopy along with flow cytometry exhibited efficient uptake of the nanocarrier loaded with coumarin-6 in cells. The pharmacokinetics of Etravirine nanostructured carriers was significantly better in all aspects compared to the plain drug solution, which could be attributed to molecular dispersion in the lipid matrix of the nanocarrier. A significant enhancement of Etravirine concentration of several-fold was also observed in the liver, ovary, lymph node, and brain, respectively, as compared to plain drug solution when assessed by biodistribution studies in rats. In conclusion, ETR-NLC systems could serve as a promising approach for simultaneous multi-site targeting and could provide therapeutic benefits for the efficient eradication of HIV/AIDS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Center for Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Leila Fotooh Abadi
- Department of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India
| | - Rohan Pai
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Ketan Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Center for Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Smita Kulkarni
- Department of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India
| | - Pradeep R Vavia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Center for Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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Sok P, Mgbere O, Pompeii L, Essien EJ. Evaluation of the Sociodemographic, Behavioral and Clinical Influences on Complete Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among HIV-Infected Adults Receiving Medical Care in Houston, Texas. HIV AIDS-RESEARCH AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2021; 13:539-555. [PMID: 34040451 PMCID: PMC8140896 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s303791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Few studies have estimated complete antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence following HIV infection since the advent of the new ART guidelines in 2012. This study determined the prevalence and influence of sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors on complete ART adherence among people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving medical care in Houston/Harris County, Texas. Methods Data from the Houston Medical Monitoring Project survey collected from 2009 to 2014 among 1073 participants were used in this study. The primary outcome evaluated was combined adherence, defined as complete, partial, and incomplete combined adherence based on three ART adherence types—dose, schedule, and instruction adherence. The duration living since initial HIV diagnosis was classified as <5, 5–10 and >10 years. Rao–Scott Chi-square test and multivariable proportional-odds cumulative logit regression models were employed to identify the sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of complete combined adherence among the three groups of PLWH living with HIV infection. Results More than one-half (54.4%) of PLWH had complete, 37.4% had partial, and 8.3% had incomplete combined adherence. Among these PLWH, 52.2% had been infected with HIV for >10 years, and 26.5% and 21.4% were infected for <5 years and 5–10 years, respectively. PLWH who were diagnosed <5 and 5–10 years were two times (aOR=1.71, 95% CI=1.13–2.57; aOR=1.69, 95% CI=1.10–2.59; respectively) more likely to experience complete combined adherence than those with >10 years of infection. Multiple sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics were significantly associated with complete adherence and varied by the duration of HIV infection. Conclusion Measures of adherence should include all adherence types (dose, schedule, instruction), as utilizing a single adherence type will overestimate adherence level in PLWH receiving medical care. Intervention efforts to maintain adherence should target recently infected PLWH, while those aimed at improving adherence should focus on longer infected PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pagna Sok
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Osaro Mgbere
- Disease Prevention and Control Division, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute of Community Health, University of Houston, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Pompeii
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ekere James Essien
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute of Community Health, University of Houston, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
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Active Components from Cassia abbreviata Prevent HIV-1 Entry by Distinct Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095052. [PMID: 34068829 PMCID: PMC8126241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cassia abbreviata is widely used in Sub-Saharan Africa for treating many diseases, including HIV-1 infection. We have recently described the chemical structures of 28 compounds isolated from an alcoholic crude extract of barks and roots of C. abbreviata, and showed that six bioactive compounds inhibit HIV-1 infection. In the present study, we demonstrate that the six compounds block HIV-1 entry into cells: oleanolic acid, palmitic acid, taxifolin, piceatannol, guibourtinidol-(4α→8)-epiafzelechin, and a novel compound named as cassiabrevone. We report, for the first time, that guibourtinidol-(4α→8)-epiafzelechin and cassiabrevone inhibit HIV-1 entry (IC50 of 42.47 µM and 30.96 µM, respectively), as well as that piceatannol interacts with cellular membranes. Piceatannol inhibits HIV-1 infection in a dual-chamber assay mimicking the female genital tract, as well as HSV infection, emphasizing its potential as a microbicide. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) showed that pharmacophoric groups of piceatannol are strictly required to inhibit HIV-1 entry. By a ligand-based in silico study, we speculated that piceatannol and norartocarpetin may have a very similar mechanism of action and efficacy because of the highly comparable pharmacophoric and 3D space, while guibourtinidol-(4α→8)-epiafzelechin and cassiabrevone may display a different mechanism. We finally show that cassiabrevone plays a major role of the crude extract of CA by blocking the binding activity of HIV-1 gp120 and CD4.
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Nanotechnology-based approaches for emerging and re-emerging viruses: Special emphasis on COVID-19. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104908. [PMID: 33932543 PMCID: PMC8079947 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the major concern of emerging and re-emerging viral diseases has become an increasingly important area of public health concern, and it is of significance to anticipate future pandemic that would inevitably threaten human lives. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly emerged virus that causes mild to severe pneumonia. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) became a very much concerned issue worldwide after its super-spread across the globe and emerging viral diseases have not got specific and reliable diagnostic and treatments. As the COVID-19 pandemic brings about a massive life-loss across the globe, there is an unmet need to discover a promising and typically effective diagnosis and treatment to prevent super-spreading and mortality from being decreased or even eliminated. This study was carried out to overview nanotechnology-based diagnostic and treatment approaches for emerging and re-emerging viruses with the current treatment of the disease and shed light on nanotechnology's remarkable potential to provide more effective treatment and prevention to a special focus on recently emerged coronavirus.
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Zhu M, Shan Q, Ma L, Wen J, Dong B, Zhang G, Wang M, Wang J, Zhou J, Cen S, Wang Y. Design and biological evaluation of cinnamic and phenylpropionic amide derivatives as novel dual inhibitors of HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113498. [PMID: 33933756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Upon the basis of both possible ligand-binding site interactions and the uniformity of key residues in active sites, a novel class of HIV-1 PR/RT dual inhibitors was designed and evaluated. Cinnamic acids or phenylpropionic acids with more flexible chain and smaller steric hindrance were introduced into the inhibitors, giving rise to significant improvement in HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity by one or two orders of magnitude, with comparable or even improved potency against PR at the same time, compared with coumarin anologues in our previous studies. Among these inhibitors, 38d displayed a 19-fold improvement in anti-PR activity with IC50 value of 0.081 nM compared to the control DRV. In addition, inhibitor 38c exhibited an excellent anti-RT IC50 value of 0.43 μM, only a 4.7-fold less potent activity than the control EFV. More significantly, the disparate ratio between HIV-1 PR and RT inhibition became more reasonable with ratio of 1: 10.4, just as 37b. Furthermore, the assays on HIV-1 late stage and early stage supported the rationality of designing dual inhibitors. The SAR data as well as molecular modeling studies provided new insight for further optimization of more potent HIV-1 PR/RT dual inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qi Shan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiajia Wen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Biao Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guoning Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Juxian Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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33
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Sang Y, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Zhuang C, Chen F. Chemical space exploration of novel naphthyl-carboxamide-diarylpyrimidine derivatives with potent anti-HIV-1 activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 111:104905. [PMID: 33895602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen naphthyl-carboxamide-DAPYs were generated to explore chemical space in reverse transcriptase (RT) binding site via lead optimization strategy. They displayed up to single-digit nanomolar activity against wild-type (WT) and rilpivirine-associated resistant mutant E138K viruses, as well as potent inhibitory ability toward the RT enzyme. Compound a1 showed exceptionally inhibitory effects with an EC50 value of 3.7 nM against HIV-1 wt strain, and an EC50 of 11 nM targeting mutant E138K. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the newly obtained DAPYs were also investigated. Molecular docking analysis elucidated the biological activity and offered a structural insight for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Sang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Zhao L, He HH, Ou-Yang T, Liu DF, Jiang CH, Yang HP, Wang P, Xie N, Yan SS. Pre-clinical pharmacological profile of QF-036, a potent HIV-1 maturation inhibitor. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 128:275-285. [PMID: 33012100 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
QF-036 is an HIV-1 maturation inhibitor in pre-clinical development, and its antiviral activity against a laboratory HIV-1 strain and two drug-resistant strains was determined in the C8166 line. QF-036 was also subjected to absorption, distribution and metabolism (ADM) assessment in vitro, and pharmacokinetic profiles were evaluated in rats and monkeys. The 50% effective concentrations (EC50 ) of QF-036 against the three strains were 20.36 nM, 0.39 μM and 2.11 nM, respectively, demonstrating better antiviral potential than the first-generation antiviral maturation inhibitor bevirimat. QF-036 demonstrated moderate cell permeability, high plasma protein binding ability and good metabolic stability in vitro. After oral QF-036 administration to rats and monkeys, both species exhibited moderate bioavailability, and the plasma drug exposure increased in an approximately dose-proportional manner. When administered orally (30 mg/kg) to monkeys, the QF-036 plasma concentration (Cmax ) peaked at 3671 ng/mL (4.82 μM), 12 to 2410 times higher than the EC50 of laboratory or resistant HIV-1 strains. Moreover, the plasma concentration of QF-036 at 12 hours after administration was 263 ng/mL (0.35 μM), which approximately matched the highest EC50 value of the three test strains. The favourable viral inhibitory activity and pharmacokinetic properties provide critical support for QF-036 as a promising anti-HIV therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, China
- Shanghai Qingrun Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Hong He
- Shanghai Qingrun Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Ou-Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, China
| | - Di-Fa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chun-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, China
| | - He-Ping Yang
- Shanghai De Novo Pharmatech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Shanghai De Novo Pharmatech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shou-Sheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, China
- Shanghai Qingrun Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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35
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Nalli M, Armijos Rivera JI, Masci D, Coluccia A, Badia R, Riveira-Muñoz E, Brambilla A, Cinquina E, Turriziani O, Falasca F, Catalano M, Limatola C, Esté JA, Maga G, Silvestri R, Crespan E, La Regina G. New indolylarylsulfone non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors show low nanomolar inhibition of single and double HIV-1 mutant strains. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Ghosh AK, Grillo A, Raghavaiah J, Kovela S, Johnson ME, Kneller DW, Wang YF, Hattori SI, Higashi-Kuwata N, Weber IT, Mitsuya H. Design, Synthesis, and X-ray Studies of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with P2-Carboxamide Functionalities. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1965-1972. [PMID: 33062180 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and X-ray structural studies are reported for a series of highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors. The inhibitors incorporated stereochemically defined amide-based bicyclic and tricyclic ether derivatives as the P2 ligands with (R)-hydroxyethylaminesulfonamide transition-state isosteres. A number of inhibitors showed excellent HIV-1 protease inhibitory and antiviral activity; however, ligand combination is critical for potency. Inhibitor 4h with a difluorophenylmethyl as the P1 ligand, crown-THF-derived acetamide as the P2 ligand, and a cyclopropylaminobenzothiazole P2'-ligand displayed very potent antiviral activity and maintained excellent antiviral activity against selected multidrug-resistant HIV-1 variants. A high resolution X-ray structure of inhibitor 4h-bound HIV-1 protease provided molecular insight into the binding properties of the new inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and ⊥Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alessandro Grillo
- Department of Chemistry and ⊥Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jakka Raghavaiah
- Department of Chemistry and ⊥Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Satish Kovela
- Department of Chemistry and ⊥Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Megan E. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and ⊥Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Daniel W. Kneller
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Yuan-Fang Wang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Shin-ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Irene T. Weber
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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37
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Li YM, Luo RH, Yang LM, Huang SM, Li SY, Zheng YG, Ni DX, Cui YM, Zhang XJ, Li XL, Zhang RH, Tang E, Zhang HB, Zheng YT, He YP, Xiao WL. Design, synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of 5-alkyl- 6-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-alkyl)-2-mercaptopyrimidin-4(3H)-ones as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104041. [PMID: 32683184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to discover and develop the new HIV-1 NNRTIs, a series of 5-alkyl-6-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylalkyl)-2-mercaptopyrimidin-4(3H)-ones was synthesized and screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against HIV-1. Most of the compounds we synthetized showed high activity against wild-type HIV-1 strain (IIIB) while IC50 values are in the range of 0.06-12.95 μM. Among them, the most active HIV-1 inhibitor was compound 6-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-5-ethyl-2-((2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)thio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (5b), which exhibited similar HIV-1 inhibitory potency (IC50 = 0.06 μM, CC50 = 96.23 μM) compared with nevirapine (IC50 = 0.04 μM, CC50 >200 μM) and most of compounds exhibited submicromolar IC50 values indicating they were specific RT inhibitors. The compounds 5b, 6-(benzo[d] [1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-5-ethyl-2-((2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)thio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (5c) and 4-(2-((4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-5-ethyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl)thio)acetyl)phenylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxylate (5r) were selected for further study. It was found that all of them had little toxicity to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), and had a good inhibitory effect on the replication of HIV-1 protease inhibitor resistant strains, fusion inhibitor resistant strains and nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistant strains, as well as on clinical isolates. Besides, compound 5b and 5c showed inhibition of HIV-1 RT RNA-dependent DNA polymerization activity and DNA-dependent DNA polymerization activity, while compound 5r only showed inhibition of HIV DNA-dependent DNA polymerization activity, which was different from classical reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Our study which offered the preliminary structure-activity relationships and modeling studies of these new compounds has provided the valuable avenues for future molecular optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Rong-Hua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Liu-Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Si-Ming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Sui-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yu-Gui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Dong-Xuan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yi-Man Cui
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xing-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Rui-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - E Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
| | - Yan-Ping He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
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38
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Design and biological evaluation of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors with isopropanol as P1' ligand to enhance binding with S1' subsite. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115623. [PMID: 32690263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Newly designed HIV-1 protease inhibitors that maximize interactions with the protein backbone, especially in the form of hydrogen bonds, may enhance the antiviral potency of these compounds and minimize acquisition of drug-resistant mutations. Herein, we described a series of new HIV-1 PIs containing phenols as the P2 ligands and chiral isopropanol as the P1' ligands, in combination with 4-trifluoromethylphenylsulfonamide or 4-nitrophenylsulfonamide as the P2' ligands. And most of these compounds exhibited nanomolar inhibitory potency. In particular, inhibitors 13c and 13e with 4-trifluoromethylphenylsulfonamide as the P2' ligand and (R) - isopropanol as the P1' ligand, exhibited antiviral IC50 values of 1.64 nM and 2.33 nM, respectively. Furthermore, they also showed remarkable activity against wild-type and DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants that raised the prospect of designing more effective PIs further.
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39
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Ghosh AK, Kovela S, Osswald HL, Amano M, Aoki M, Agniswamy J, Wang YF, Weber IT, Mitsuya H. Structure-Based Design of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing New Tricyclic Ring P2-Ligands: Design, Synthesis, Biological, and X-ray Structural Studies. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4867-4879. [PMID: 32348139 PMCID: PMC7425579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe here design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing stereochemically defined and unprecedented tricyclic furanofuran derivatives as P2 ligands in combination with a variety of sulfonamide derivatives as P2' ligands. These inhibitors were designed to enhance the ligand-backbone binding and van der Waals interactions in the protease active site. A number of inhibitors containing the new P2 ligand, an aminobenzothiazole as the P2' ligand and a difluorophenylmethyl as the P1 ligand, displayed very potent enzyme inhibitory potency and also showed excellent antiviral activity against a panel of highly multidrug-resistant HIV-1 variants. The tricyclic P2 ligand has been synthesized efficiently in an optically active form using enzymatic desymmetrization of meso-1,2-(dihydroxymethyl)cyclohex-4-ene as the key step. We determined high-resolution X-ray structures of inhibitor-bound HIV-1 protease. These structures revealed extensive interactions with the backbone atoms of HIV-1 protease and provided molecular insights into the binding properties of these new inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Satish Kovela
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Heather L. Osswald
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Masayuki Amano
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Manabu Aoki
- Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Johnson Agniswamy
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Yuan-Fang Wang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Irene T. Weber
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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40
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Han S, Sang Y, Wu Y, Tao Y, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Zhuang C, Chen FE. Molecular Hybridization-Inspired Optimization of Diarylbenzopyrimidines as HIV-1 Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors with Improved Activity against K103N and E138K Mutants and Pharmacokinetic Profiles. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:787-801. [PMID: 31599568 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular hybridization is a powerful strategy in drug discovery. A series of novel diarylbenzopyrimidine (DABP) analogues were developed by the hybridization of FDA-approved drugs etravirine (ETR) and efavirenz (EFV) as potential HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Substituent modifications resulted in the identification of new DABPs with the combination of the strengths of the two drugs, especially compound 12d, which showed promising activity toward the EFV-resistant K103N mutant. 12d also had a favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profile with liver microsome clearances of 14.4 μL/min/mg (human) and 33.2 μL/min/mg (rat) and an oral bioavailability of 15.5% in rat. However, its activity against the E138K mutant was still unsatisfactory; E138K is the most prevalent NNRTI resistance-associated mutant in ETR treatment. Further optimizations resulted in a highly potent compound (12z) with no substituents on the phenyl ring and a 2-methyl-6-nitro substitution pattern on the 4-cyanovinyl-2,6-disubstitued phenyl motif. The antiviral activity of this compound was much higher than those of ETR and EFV against the WT, E138K, and K103N variants (EC50 = 3.4, 4.3, and 3.6 nM, respectively), and the cytotoxicity was decreased while the selectivity index (SI) was increased. In particular, this compound exhibited acceptable intrinsic liver microsome stability (human, 34.5 μL/min/mg; rat, 33.2 μL/min/mg) and maintained the good PK profile of its parent compound EFV and showed an oral bioavailability of 16.5% in rat. Molecular docking and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis provided further insights into the binding of the DABPs with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and provided a deeper understanding of the key structural features responsible for their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Han
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Sang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Tao
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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41
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Singh A, Kutscher HL, Bulmahn JC, Mahajan SD, He GS, Prasad PN. Laser ablation for pharmaceutical nanoformulations: Multi-drug nanoencapsulation and theranostics for HIV. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2020; 25:102172. [PMID: 32061722 PMCID: PMC7176552 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the use of laser ablation to develop a multi-drug encapsulating theranostic nanoformulation for HIV-1 antiretroviral therapy. Laser ablated nanoformulations of ritonavir, atazanavir, and curcumin, a natural product that has both optical imaging and pharmacologic properties, were produced in an aqueous media containing Pluronic® F127. Cellular uptake was confirmed with the curcumin fluorescence signal localized in the cytoplasm. Formulations produced with F127 had improved water dispersibility, are ultrasmall in size (20-25 nm), exhibit enhanced cellular uptake in microglia, improve blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing in an in vitro BBB model, and reduce viral p24 by 36 fold compared to formulations made without F127. This work demonstrates that these ultrasmall femtosecond laser-ablated nanoparticles are effective in delivering drugs across the BBB for brain therapy and show promise as an effective method to formulate nanoparticles for brain theranostics, reducing the need for organic solvents during preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Singh
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics,
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York,
Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Hilliard L. Kutscher
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics,
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York,
Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, The
State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology,
and Rheumatology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Clinical Translational
Research Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Julia C. Bulmahn
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics,
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York,
Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Supriya D. Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology,
and Rheumatology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Clinical Translational
Research Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Guang S. He
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics,
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York,
Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics,
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York,
Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.,Corresponding Author Paras N. Prasad, 427 Natural
Sciences Complex., Buffalo New York 14260-3000, Phone: 716-645-4148, Fax:
716-645-6945,
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HIV-1 Drug Resistance, Distribution of Subtypes, and Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in Virologic Failure Individuals in Chengdu, Southwest China, 2014-2016. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5894124. [PMID: 32280691 PMCID: PMC7128060 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5894124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The National Free Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Program in China has initiated to provide ART to HIV-1 patients, which has acted as an efficient method to suppress viral replication and helps prevent onward transmissions. But the problems of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) may also come along. There is little data on the prevalence of HIVDR in Chengdu, where the number of HIV/AIDS patients ranks first among provincial capitals. Therefore, epidemiological surveillance was conducted in this area. From 2014 to 2016, HIV/AIDS patients (15 years and older) who had received first-line ART for at least six months were enrolled. Demographic, behavioral information and medical history were recorded, and blood samples were collected for viral loads and immune cell count analyses. HIV-1 pol was obtained for HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance-associated mutations (DRMs) among virologic failure patients. A total of 13,782 individuals were enrolled, and 481 samples were sequenced for subtypes and drug resistance analysis. Six subtypes were identified, among which CRF01_AE (54.3%) and CRF07_BC (41.6%) were the dominant subtypes, and CRF55_01B (0.4%) was detected in Chengdu for the first time. The prevalence of HIVDR in treatment-experienced patients was 1.8%, with 1.2% to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 1.7% to non-NRTIs (NNRTIs), and 0.14% to protease inhibitors (PIs). The leading DRMs observed in the study were M184I/V (59.59%) against NRTIs and K103N (37.55%) against NNRTIs. This study focused on the HIVDR surveillance among patients receiving treatment in Chengdu. The overall prevalence of HIVDR was relatively low among treated patients. These findings were believed to be contributed to an understanding of HIV-1 subtypes, HIVDR prevalence, and DRMs in Chengdu and thereby optimizing clinical management, prevention, and control of HIV.
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Melaku T, Mamo G, Chelkeba L, Chanie T. Health-Related Quality of Life Among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia: PROQOL-HIV Based Survey. PATIENT-RELATED OUTCOME MEASURES 2020; 11:73-86. [PMID: 32184689 PMCID: PMC7063799 DOI: 10.2147/prom.s239429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background As infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has evolved into a chronic disease, perceived health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is becoming a prominent and important patient-reported outcome measure in HIV care. This study aimed to assess HRQoL among people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy and factors associated with HRQoL in Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 HIV–infected patients who were initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy at Jimma University Medical Center in 2016. HRQoL was assessed using the patient-reported outcome quality of life-HIV (PROQOL-HIV) measuring scale. Linear regressions were used to identify factors associated with outcome. Statistical significance was considered at p-value <0.05. Results Out of a total of 160 participants, 63.13% were females. The mean (±SD) age of study participants was 41.47±9.45 years. The median baseline CD4+ cell count was 182.00 cells/µL (IQR: 104.53–262.40 cells/µL). The mean (±SD) score of PROQOL-HIV scale domains was 77.58 ±15.11, 58.32 ±7.79, 61.75± 17.95, 85.07 ±15.67, 76.92 ± 20.52, 80.00 ±16.83, 74.37 ± 1.47, 81.45 ± 8.17 for physical health and symptoms, emotional distress, health concerns, body change, intimate relationships, social relationships, stigma, and treatment impact domains, respectively. Second line antiretroviral therapy showed a negative effect on the quality of life, especially on the treatment impact domain (β=−6.301). Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy had a significant positive effect on the physical health and symptoms of HIV patients (β= +8.381, p<0.05). Advanced disease (β=−2.709, p<0.05), and non-communicable disease comorbidity (β=−14.340, p<0.001) showed a significant negative effect on physical health and symptoms. Conclusion Several behavioral, clinical & immunological factors were negatively associated with health-related quality of life. The double burden of chronic non-communicable disease(s) and the impact of treatment were highly significant in all dimensions of HRQoL measures. Therefore, with HRQoL emerging as a key issue for HIV–infected patients, its routine assessment and appropriate interventions at each clinic visit would be very crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegaye Melaku
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Mamo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Legese Chelkeba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfahun Chanie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Wu Y, Tang C, Rui R, Yang L, Ding W, Wang J, Li Y, Lai CC, Wang Y, Luo R, Xiao W, Zhang H, Zheng Y, He Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 2-(((5-akly/aryl-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-5-alkyl-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones as potential HIV-1 inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:512-528. [PMID: 32140396 PMCID: PMC7049619 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-(((5-akly/aryl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-5-alkyl-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized and their anti-HIV-1 activities were evaluated. Most of these compounds were highly active against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 strain (IIIB) with EC50 values in the range of 0.0038–0.4759 μmol/L. Among those compounds, I-11 had an EC50 value of 3.8 nmol/L and SI (selectivity index) of up to 25,468 indicating excellent activity against WT HIV-1. In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity and resistance profile studies suggested that compounds I-11 and I-12 displayed potential anti-HIV-1 activity against laboratory adapted strains and primary isolated strains including different subtypes and tropism strains (EC50s range from 4.3 to 63.6 nmol/L and 18.9–219.3 nmol/L, respectively). On the other hand, it was observed that those two compounds were less effective with EC50 values of 2.77 and 4.87 μmol/L for HIV-1A17 (K103N + Y181C). The activity against reverse transcriptase (RT) was also evaluated for those compounds. Both I-11 and I-12 obtained sub-micromolar IC50 values showing their potential in RT inhibition. The pharmacokinetics examination in rats indicated that compound I-11 has acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability. Preliminary structure–activity relationships and molecular modeling studies were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chengrun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Nonhuman Primate, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ruomei Rui
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Liumeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Nonhuman Primate, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jiangyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Christopher C. Lai
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yueping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ronghua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Nonhuman Primate, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Weilie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./ fax: +86 871 65035538.
| | - Yongtang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Nonhuman Primate, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./ fax: +86 871 65035538.
| | - Yanping He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./ fax: +86 871 65035538.
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Ghosh AK, Grillo A, Kovela S, Brindisi M. Asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of 3-(acyloxy) acryloyl oxazolidinones: optically active synthesis of a high-affinity ligand for potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41755-41763. [PMID: 32655859 PMCID: PMC7351138 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10178k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here our investigation of the asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of chiral 3-(acyloxy)acryloyl oxazolidinones as dienophiles in various Lewis-acid promoted reactions with cyclopentadiene. The resulting highly functionalized cycloadducts are useful intermediates for the synthesis, particularly for the optically active synthesis of 6-5-5 tricyclic hexahydro-4H-3,5-methanofuro[2,3-b]pyranol (3) with five contiguous chiral centers. This stereochemically defined crown-like heterocyclic derivative is an important high affinity ligand for a variety of highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Among the various dienophiles and Lewis acid-mediated reactions surveyed, 3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)acryloyl oxazolidinone as the dienophile and diethylaluminum chloride as the Lewis-acid provided the desired endo product with excellent diastereoselectivity. The cycloaddition was carried out in multi-gram scale and the cycloadduct was efficiently converted to alcohol 3 with high enantiomeric purity. The optically active ligand was then transformed into potent HIV-1 protease inhibitor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University560 Oval DriveWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University560 Oval DriveWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA
| | - Alessandro Grillo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University560 Oval DriveWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA
| | - Satish Kovela
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University560 Oval DriveWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University560 Oval DriveWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA
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Chu H, He QX, Wang JW, Deng YT, Wang J, Hu Y, Wang YQ, Lin ZH. 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation of a novel thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine inhibitor targeting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:4567-4578. [PMID: 31760877 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1697366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) is one of the most attractive drug targets for the treatment of AIDS. In this study, 67 thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were selected as novel HIV-1 RT inhibitors to combat viral resistance, and were subjected to 3 D-QSAR studies using CoMFA, CoMSIA, and T-CoMFA. In the 3 D-QSAR study, two methods of ligand-based alignment and pharmacophore-based alignment were used. The results showed that CoMFA (n = 8; q2 = 0.594; r2 = 0.974) and CoMSIA (n = 7; q2 = 0.528; r2 = 0.965) have good stability and predictability. The molecular docking study showed that the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions of key residues such as Leu100, Lys101, Val106, Phe227 and Pro236 play an important role in ligand-receptor binding. Based on these results, 12 new thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidines were designed and their activities were predicted; the results indicated that these compounds have good predictive activity and reasonably good ADME/T profiles. MD simulation analysis of 50 ns showed that compound 23j formed four hydrogen bonds with the residues (Lys101, Lys104, Val106 and Thr318), and binds more closely to HIV-1 RT than compound 23j. Furthermore, the group at the R1 position and the horseshoe-like conformation of these compounds are critical for the inhibitory activity and stability. These results provide useful insights for the discovery and design of a new generation of HIV-1 RT inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chu
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Activity Evaluation of Targeted Drugs, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Xiu He
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Activity Evaluation of Targeted Drugs, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Activity Evaluation of Targeted Drugs, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ting Deng
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Activity Evaluation of Targeted Drugs, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Activity Evaluation of Targeted Drugs, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Activity Evaluation of Targeted Drugs, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Activity Evaluation of Targeted Drugs, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hua Lin
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Activity Evaluation of Targeted Drugs, Chongqing, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Banoub MG, Bade AN, Lin Z, Cobb D, Gautam N, Dyavar Shetty BL, Wojtkiewicz M, Alnouti Y, McMillan J, Gendelman HE, Edagwa B. Synthesis and Characterization of Long-Acting Darunavir Prodrugs. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:155-166. [PMID: 31742407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the quality of life in patients infected with HIV-1. However, complete viral suppression within anatomical compartments remains unattainable. This is complicated by adverse side effects and poor adherence to lifelong therapy leading to the emergence of viral drug resistance. Thus, there is an immediate need for cellular and tissue-targeted long-acting (LA) ART formulations. Herein, we describe two LA prodrug formulations of darunavir (DRV), a potent antiretroviral protease inhibitor. Two classes of DRV prodrugs, M1DRV and M2DRV, were synthesized as lipophilic and hydrophobic prodrugs and stabilized into aqueous suspensions designated NM1DRV and NM2DRV. The formulations demonstrated enhanced intracellular prodrug levels with sustained drug retention and antiretroviral activities for 15 and 30 days compared to native DRV formulation in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Pharmacokinetics tests of NM1DRV and NM2DRV administered to mice demonstrated sustained drug levels in blood and tissues for 30 days. These data, taken together, support the idea that LA DRV with sustained antiretroviral responses through prodrug nanoformulations is achievable.
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Zhu M, Ma L, Zhou H, Dong B, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhou J, Zhang G, Wang J, Liang C, Cen S, Wang Y. Preliminary SAR and biological evaluation of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrimidine bases as novel P2 ligands to enhance activity against DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 185:111866. [PMID: 31734023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introducing pyrimidine bases, the basic components of nucleic acid, to P2 ligands might enhance the potency of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors because of the carbonyl and amino groups promoting the formation of extensive hydrogen bonding interactions. In this work, we provide evidence that inhibitor 10e, with N-2-(2,4-Dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl) acetamide as the P2 ligand and a 4-methoxylphenylsulfonamide as the P2' ligand, displayed remarkable enzyme inhibitory and antiviral activity, with the IC50 2.53 nM in vitro and a promising inhibition ratio with 68% against wild-type HIV-1 in vivo, with low cytotoxicity. This inhibitor also exhibited appreciable antiviral activity against DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants, which was of great value for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Biao Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guoning Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Juxian Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Biological Features Implies Potential Use of Autologous Adipose-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells in Wound Repair and Regenerations for the Patients with Lipodystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215505. [PMID: 31694186 PMCID: PMC6862495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A paradigm shift in plastic and reconstructive surgery is brought about the usage of cell-based therapies for wound healing and regeneration. Considering the imitations in the reconstructive surgeries in restoring tissue loss and deficiency, stem cell-based therapy, in particular, has been expected to pave the way for a new solution to the regenerative approaches. Limitations in the reconstructive surgeries in restoring tissue loss and deficiency have paved the way for new regenerative approaches. Among them, adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells (ADSCs)-based therapy could be the most promising clue, since ADSCs have pluripotent differentiation capabilities not only in adipocytes but also in a variety of cell types. Accumulating evidences have indicated that the unfavorable development of adipose-tissue damage, namely, lipodystrophy, is a systemic complication, which is closely related to metabolic abnormality. Considering ADSC-based regenerative medicine should be applied for the treatment of lipodystrophy, it is inevitable to ascertain whether the ADSCs obtained from the patients with lipodystrophy are capable of being used. It will be very promising and realistic if this concept is applied to lipoatrophy; one form of lipodystrophies that deteriorates the patients’ quality of life because of excessive loss of soft tissue in the exposed areas such as face and extremities. Since lipodystrophy is frequently observed in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the present study aims to examine the biological potentials of ADSCs isolated from the HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy associated with the HAART treatment. Growth properties, adipogenic differentiation, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were examined in ADSCs from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients. Our results clearly demonstrated that ADSCs from both patients showed indistinguishable growth properties and potentials for adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Thus, although the number of cases were limited, ADSCs isolated from the patients with lipodystrophy retain sufficient physiological and biological activity for the reconstitution of adipose-tissue, suggesting that ADSCs from the patients with lipodystrophy could be used for autologous ADSC-based regenerative therapy.
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50
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Motati DR, Uredi D, Watkins EB. The Discovery and Development of Oxalamide and Pyrrole Small Molecule Inhibitors of gp120 and HIV Entry - A Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1650-1675. [PMID: 31424369 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190717163959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic. More than 60 million infections and 25 million deaths have occurred since AIDS was first identified in the early 1980s. Advances in available therapeutics, in particular combination antiretroviral therapy, have significantly improved the treatment of HIV infection and have facilitated the shift from high mortality and morbidity to that of a manageable chronic disease. Unfortunately, none of the currently available drugs are curative of HIV. To deal with the rapid emergence of drug resistance, off-target effects, and the overall difficulty of eradicating the virus, an urgent need exists to develop new drugs, especially against targets critically important for the HIV-1 life cycle. Viral entry, which involves the interaction of the surface envelope glycoprotein, gp120, with the cellular receptor, CD4, is the first step of HIV-1 infection. Gp120 has been validated as an attractive target for anti-HIV-1 drug design or novel HIV detection tools. Several small molecule gp120 antagonists are currently under investigation as potential entry inhibitors. Pyrrole, piperazine, triazole, pyrazolinone, oxalamide, and piperidine derivatives, among others, have been investigated as gp120 antagonist candidates. Herein, we discuss the current state of research with respect to the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oxalamide derivatives and five-membered heterocycles, namely, the pyrrole-containing small molecule as inhibitors of gp120 and HIV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damoder Reddy Motati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacometrics and Molecular Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Union University, Jackson, Tennessee 38305, United States
| | - Dilipkumar Uredi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacometrics and Molecular Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Union University, Jackson, Tennessee 38305, United States
| | - E Blake Watkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacometrics and Molecular Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Union University, Jackson, Tennessee 38305, United States
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