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Felicetti T, Sarnari C, Gaito R, Tabarrini O, Manfroni G. Recent Progress toward the Discovery of Small Molecules as Novel Anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Agents. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38970494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) stands as the foremost cause of infant hospitalization globally, ranking second only to malaria in terms of infant mortality. Although three vaccines have recently been approved for the prophylaxis of adults aged 60 and above, and pregnant women, there is currently no effective antiviral drug for treating RSV infections. The only preventive measure for infants at high risk of severe RSV disease is passive immunization through monoclonal antibodies. This Perspective offers an overview of the latest advancements in RSV drug discovery of small molecule antivirals, with particular focus on the promising findings from agents targeting the fusion and polymerase proteins. A comprehensive reflection on the current state of RSV research is also given, drawing inspiration from the lessons gleaned from HCV and HIV, while also considering the impact of the recent approval of the three vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo, 1-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Sarnari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo, 1-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Gaito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo, 1-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo, 1-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo, 1-06123, Perugia, Italy
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2
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Song Y, Fan W, Yao C, Wang H, Lu X, Wang Y, Liu P, Ma Y, Zhang Z, Wang J, Chu B, Shi L, Yang G, Wang M. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of quinazoline and pyrrolo[3,2- d]pyrimidine derivatives as TLR7 agonists for antiviral agents. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2764-2773. [PMID: 38497199 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00048j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a critical role in the innate immune response, and toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is an important member of PRRs. Although several TLR7 agonists are available, most of them are being tested clinically, with only one available on the market. Thus, it is imperative to develop new TLR7 agonists. In this study, we designed and synthesized three kinds of quinazoline derivatives and five kinds of pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives targeting TLR7. The antiviral efficacy of these compounds was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicated that four kinds of compounds showed exceptional antiviral activity. Furthermore, molecular docking studies confirmed that compound 11 successfully positioned itself in the pocket of the TLR7 guanosine loading site with a binding energy of -4.45 kcal mol-1. These results suggested that these compounds might be potential antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Molecule Biology Laboratory of Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450044, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Wenjie Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Chen Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Xiuxiang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Pengxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Yanjie Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Molecule Biology Laboratory of Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450044, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - BeiBei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Guoyu Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
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Peñaranda Figueredo FA, Vicente J, Barquero AA, Bueno CA. Aesculus hippocastanum extract and the main bioactive constituent β-escin as antivirals agents against coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6418. [PMID: 38494515 PMCID: PMC10944838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses can cause life-threatening illnesses. The focus of treatment is on supportive therapies and direct antivirals. However, antivirals may cause resistance by exerting selective pressure. Modulating the host response has emerged as a viable therapeutic approach for treating respiratory infections. Additionally, considering the probable future respiratory virus outbreaks emphasizes the need for broad-spectrum therapies to be prepared for the next pandemics. One of the principal bioactive constituents found in the seed extract of Aesculus hippocastanum L. (AH) is β-escin. The clinical therapeutic role of β-escin and AH has been associated with their anti-inflammatory effects. Regarding their mechanism of action, we and others have shown that β-escin and AH affect NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, we have reported the virucidal and broad-spectrum antiviral properties of β-escin and AH against enveloped viruses such as RSV, in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that β-escin and AH have antiviral and virucidal activities against SARS-CoV-2 and CCoV, revealing broad-spectrum antiviral activity against coronaviruses. Likewise, they exhibited NF-κB and cytokine modulating activities in epithelial and macrophage cell lines infected with coronaviruses in vitro. Hence, β-escin and AH are promising broad-spectrum antiviral, immunomodulatory, and virucidal drugs against coronaviruses and respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Armando Peñaranda Figueredo
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C-1428GBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina Vicente
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C-1428GBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Alejandra Barquero
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C-1428GBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Alberto Bueno
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C-1428GBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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4
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Jin Y, Zhang D, Deng K, Wu P, Yang D, Xie Z, Qiu W, Yu G. Role of the cAMP-PKA-NF-κB pathway in Mucin1 over-expression in A549 cells during Respiratory syncytial virus infection. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:845. [PMID: 38036963 PMCID: PMC10687811 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children worldwide. RSV commonly presents as bronchiolitis in young children; however, it can sometimes progress to pneumonia, respiratory failure, apnoea and even death. Although mucin1 (MUC1), a type of transmembrane glycoprotein present on airway epithelial surfaces, plays a crucial anti-inflammatory role in airway infections; however, its roles in RSV-associated acute lower respiratory tract infections have rarely been explored. In this study, we first revealed very high MUC1 protein levels in the exacerbation phase in sputum samples from children with RSV bronchiolitis. Because MUC1 is the downstream target of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in RSV-infected A549 cells, we observed the inhibition of NF-κB activity, main downstream signalling of TNF-α and remarkably reduced levels of MUC1 in RSV-infected and TNF-α treated A549 cells. Furthermore, the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analogue (dbcAMP) downregulated the protein levels of p-IκBα and MUC1 in TNF-α-treated A549 cells. By contrast, a protein kinase A inhibitor (KT5720) up-regulated the levels of those proteins. dbcAMP and KT5720 had the same effects on MUC1 protein levels in RSV-infected A549 cells. In conclusion, we found that the cAMP-PKA-NF-κB pathway may play a role in the regulation of MUC-1 over-expression during RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkang Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Kuimiao Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiqiong Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Diyuan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyuan Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Li F, Song B, Zhou WF, Chu LJ. Toll-Like Receptors 7/8: A Paradigm for the Manipulation of Immunologic Reactions for Immunotherapy. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:564-578. [PMID: 37751284 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system recognizes conserved features of viral and microbial pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one type of PRR used by the innate immune system to mediate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and promote innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR family members TLR7 and TLR8 (referred to as TLR7/8 from herein) are endosomal transmembrane receptors that recognize purine-rich single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and bacterial DNA, eliciting an immunologic reaction to pathogens. TLR7/8 were discovered to mediate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by activating immune cells. In addition, accumulating evidence has indicated that TLR7/8 may be closely related to numerous immune-mediated disorders, specifically several types of cancer, autoimmune disease, and viral disease. TLR7/8 agonists and antagonists, which are used as drugs or adjuvants, have been identified in preclinical studies and clinical trials as promising immune stimulators for the immunotherapy of these immune-mediated disorders. These results provided reasoning to further explore immunotherapy for the treatment of immune-mediated disorders. Nevertheless, numerous needs remain unmet, and the therapeutic effects of TLR7/8 agonists and antagonists are poor and exert strong immune-related toxicities. The present review aimed to provide an overview of the TLR family members, particularly TLR7/8, and address the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of TLR7/8 in immune-mediated disorders. The aim of the work is to discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of TLR7/8 in immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
| | - Biao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Jin Chu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
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Li Z, Li B, Chen Z, Xu J, El Sabbagh A, Zhao Y, Du R, Rong L, Tian J, Cui Q. Licochalcone A plays dual antiviral roles by inhibiting RSV and protecting against host damage. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29059. [PMID: 37635463 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes lower respiratory tract diseases and bronchiolitis in children and elderly individuals. There are no effective drugs currently available to treat RSV infection. In this study, we report that Licochalcone A (LCA) can inhibit RSV replication and mitigate RSV-induced cell damage in vitro, and that LCA exerts a protective effect by reducing the viral titer and inflammation in the lungs of infected mice in vivo. We suggest that the mechanism of action occurs through pathways of antioxidant stress and inflammation. Further mechanistic results demonstrate that LCA can induce nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation into the nucleus, activate heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and inhibit reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress. LCA also works to reverse the decrease in I-kappa-B-alpha (IкBα) levels caused by RSV, which in turn inhibits inflammation through the associated nuclear factor kappa B and tumor necrosis factor-α signaling pathways. The combined action of the two cross-talking pathways protects hosts from RSV-induced damage. To conclude, our study is the first of its kind to establish evidence of LCA as a viable treatment for RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baohong Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinse Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zinuo Chen
- Innovative Institute of Chinse Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinke Xu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Asma El Sabbagh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yangang Zhao
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruikun Du
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Innovative Institute of Chinse Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jingzhen Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Innovative Institute of Chinse Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
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Sun YL, Zhao PP, Zhu CB, Jiang MC, Li XM, Tao JL, Hu CC, Yuan B. Integrating metabolomics and network pharmacology to assess the effects of quercetin on lung inflammatory injury induced by human respiratory syncytial virus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8051. [PMID: 37198253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (QR) has significant anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) effects. However, its therapeutic mechanism has not been thoroughly explored. In this study, a lung inflammatory injury model caused by RSV was established in mice. Untargeted lung tissue metabolomics was used to identify differential metabolites and metabolic pathways. Network pharmacology was used to predict potential therapeutic targets of QR and analyze biological functions and pathways modulated by QR. By overlapping the results of the metabolomics and the network pharmacology analyses, the common targets of QR that were likely to be involved in the amelioration of RSV-induced lung inflammatory injury by QR were identified. Metabolomics analysis identified 52 differential metabolites and 244 corresponding targets, while network pharmacology analysis identified 126 potential targets of QR. By intersecting these 244 targets with the 126 targets, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1), thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), lactoperoxidase (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and cytochrome P450 19A1 (CYP19A1) were identified as the common targets. The key targets, HPRT1, TYMP, LPO, and MPO, were components of purine metabolic pathways. The present study demonstrated that QR effectively ameliorated RSV-induced lung inflammatory injury in the established mouse model. Combining metabolomics and network pharmacology showed that the anti-RSV effect of QR was closely associated with purine metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lei Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Bi Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xin-Min Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lei Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chan-Chan Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Vicente J, Benedetti M, Martelliti P, Vázquez L, Gentilini MV, Peñaranda Figueredo FA, Nabaes Jodar MS, Viegas M, Barquero AA, Bueno CA. The Flavonoid Cyanidin Shows Immunomodulatory and Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Properties, Including SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040989. [PMID: 37112969 PMCID: PMC10143848 DOI: 10.3390/v15040989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New antiviral treatments are needed to deal with the unpredictable emergence of viruses. Furthermore, vaccines and antivirals are only available for just a few viral infections, and antiviral drug resistance is an increasing concern. Cyanidin (a natural product also called A18), a key flavonoid that is present in red berries and other fruits, attenuates the development of several diseases, through its anti-inflammatory effects. Regarding its mechanism of action, A18 was identified as an IL-17A inhibitor, resulting in the attenuation of IL-17A signaling and associated diseases in mice. Importantly, A18 also inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway in different cell types and conditions in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we report that A18 restricts RSV, HSV-1, canine coronavirus, and SARS-CoV-2 multiplication, indicating a broad-spectrum antiviral activity. We also found that A18 can control cytokine and NF-κB induction in RSV-infected cells independently of its antiviral activity. Furthermore, in mice infected with RSV, A18 not only significantly reduces viral titers in the lungs, but also diminishes lung injury. Thus, these results provide evidence that A18 could be used as a broad-spectrum antiviral and may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic targets to control these viral infections and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Vicente
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Martina Benedetti
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Paula Martelliti
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Luciana Vázquez
- Unidad Operativa Centro de Contención Biológica (UOCCB), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Buenos Aires 1282, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Gentilini
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB)-CONICET, Buenos Aires 1093, Argentina
| | - Freddy Armando Peñaranda Figueredo
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Soledad Nabaes Jodar
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Virología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires 1417, Argentina
| | - Mariana Viegas
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Virología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires 1417, Argentina
| | - Andrea Alejandra Barquero
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Carlos Alberto Bueno
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
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An L, Lu M, Xu W, Chen H, Feng L, Xie T, Shan J, Wang S, Lin L. Qingfei oral liquid alleviates RSV-induced lung inflammation by promoting fatty-acid-dependent M1/M2 macrophage polarization via the Akt signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115637. [PMID: 35970312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that causes lower respiratory tract disease in infants and the elderly, and no vaccination is presently available. Qingfei oral liquid (QF), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been shown in clinic to have anti-inflammatory properties. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study investigated whether QF can suppress RSV-induced lung inflammation in mice models via fatty acid-dependent macrophage polarization. MATERIAL AND METHODS BALB/c mice were given a low, medium, or high dose of QF intragastrically for four consecutive days following RSV infection. The lung inflammatory status was assessed using H&E staining and cytokine assays. The active components of QF and fatty acid metabolism were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A lipid metabolism-related pathway was found through network pharmacology and molecular docking investigations. Western blotting assays were used to determine the levels of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor alpha (PPAR), Akt protein kinase B and its phosphorylated form in Akt signaling. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the number of macrophage subtypes (M1/M2), and immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase-1 (Arg-1). RESULTS In the lung tissues of RSV-infected mice, QF suppressed the transcription of pro-inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), while increasing the level of anti-inflammatory factors such as interleukin-10 (IL-10). The alterations in metabolic enzyme activity mediated by Akt signaling were linked to QF's significant reduction in lung fatty acid accumulation. Lower ACLY expression and higher PPAR expression were found after QF treatment, showing that these two enzymes were downstream targets of Akt signaling, controlling fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO), respectively. The reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism resulted in the polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2, with lower expression of iNOS and higher expression of Arg-1. Additionally, application of an Akt agonist (SC-79) reduced QF's anti-inflammatory effects by increasing FAS and decreasing macrophage polarization. CONCLUSIONS QF inhibited Akt-mediated FAS and polarized M1 to M2 macrophages, resulting in an anti-inflammatory impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Mengjiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Weichen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lu Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Tong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Shouchuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lili Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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10
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Samadizadeh S, Arabi MS, Yasaghi M, Salimi V, Tabarraei A, Moradi A, Tahamtan A. Anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin-loaded niosomes on respiratory syncytial virus infection in a mice model. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35417322 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in paediatrics. While antivirals are apparent candidates to treat RSV-induced diseases, they have not yet met expectations and have remained in infancy. There is growing evidence to suggest that modulating the exacerbated inflammation during RSV infection can improve disease outcome. Curcumin-loaded niosomes have anti-inflammatory effects against RSV-induced respiratory disease by reducing immune cells' infiltration and inflammatory cytokines' production. This study evaluated the effects of curcumin-loaded niosomes on RSV-induced immunopathology in a mice model. Curcumin-loaded niosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and characterized in vitro. Female Balb/c mice were infected by RSV-A2 and treated daily with curcumin-loaded niosomes. The potential anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin-loaded niosomes were evaluated on day 5 after infection. Using curcumin-loaded niosomes decreased immune cell influx and the inflammatory mediators (MIP-1α, TNF-α and IFN-γ) production in the lung, resulting in alleviated lung pathology following RSV infection. These findings indicate that curcumin-loaded niosomes have anti-inflammatory potential and could be a promising candidate to alleviate RSV-associated immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Samadizadeh
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sheikh Arabi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yasaghi
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alijan Tabarraei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolvahab Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Tahamtan
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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11
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Nieto-Fontarigo JJ, Tillgren S, Cerps S, Sverrild A, Hvidtfeldt M, Ramu S, Menzel M, Sander AF, Porsbjerg C, Uller L. Imiquimod Boosts Interferon Response, and Decreases ACE2 and Pro-Inflammatory Response of Human Bronchial Epithelium in Asthma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:743890. [PMID: 34950134 PMCID: PMC8688760 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.743890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both anti-viral and anti-inflammatory bronchial effects are warranted to treat viral infections in asthma. We sought to investigate if imiquimod, a TLR7 agonist, exhibits such dual actions in ex vivo cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), targets for SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. Objective To investigate bronchial epithelial effects of imiquimod of potential importance for anti-viral treatment in asthmatic patients. Methods Effects of imiquimod alone were examined in HBECs from healthy (N=4) and asthmatic (N=18) donors. Mimicking SARS-CoV-2 infection, HBECs were stimulated with poly(I:C), a dsRNA analogue, or SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein 1 (SP1; receptor binding) with and without imiquimod treatment. Expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor (ACE2), pro-inflammatory and anti-viral cytokines were analyzed by RT-qPCR, multiplex ELISA, western blot, and Nanostring and proteomic analyses. Results Imiquimod reduced ACE2 expression at baseline and after poly(I:C) stimulation. Imiquimod also reduced poly(I:C)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-33. Furthermore, imiquimod increased IFN-β expression, an effect potentiated in presence of poly(I:C) or SP1. Multiplex mRNA analysis verified enrichment in type-I IFN signaling concomitant with suppression of cytokine signaling pathways induced by imiquimod in presence of poly(I:C). Exploratory proteomic analyses revealed potentially protective effects of imiquimod on infections. Conclusion Imiquimod triggers viral resistance mechanisms in HBECs by decreasing ACE2 and increasing IFN-β expression. Additionally, imiquimod improves viral infection tolerance by reducing viral stimulus-induced epithelial cytokines involved in severe COVID-19 infection. Our imiquimod data highlight feasibility of producing pluripotent drugs potentially suited for anti-viral treatment in asthmatic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Tillgren
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Samuel Cerps
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Asger Sverrild
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Hvidtfeldt
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sangeetha Ramu
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mandy Menzel
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Adam Frederik Sander
- Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Uller
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Rappe JC, Finsterbusch K, Crotta S, Mack M, Priestnall SL, Wack A. A TLR7 antagonist restricts interferon-dependent and -independent immunopathology in a mouse model of severe influenza. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201631. [PMID: 34473195 PMCID: PMC8421264 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-mediated immune-cell recruitment and inflammation contribute to protection in respiratory virus infection. However, uncontrolled inflammation and the "cytokine storm" are hallmarks of immunopathology in severe infection. Cytokine storm is a broad term for a phenomenon with diverse characteristics and drivers, depending on host genetics, age, and other factors. Taking advantage of the differential use of virus-sensing systems by different cell types, we test the hypothesis that specifically blocking TLR7-dependent, immune cell-produced cytokines reduces influenza-related immunopathology. In a mouse model of severe influenza characterized by a type I interferon (IFN-I)-driven cytokine storm, TLR7 antagonist treatment leaves epithelial antiviral responses unaltered but acts through pDCs and monocytes to reduce IFN-I and other cytokines in the lung, thus ameliorating inflammation and severity. Moreover, even in the absence of IFN-I signaling, TLR7 antagonism reduces inflammation and mortality driven by monocyte-produced chemoattractants and neutrophil recruitment into the infected lung. Hence, TLR7 antagonism reduces diverse types of cytokine storm in severe influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C.F. Rappe
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
- Experimental Histopathology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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13
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Huo X, Hou D, Wang H, He B, Fang J, Meng Y, Liu L, Wei Z, Wang Z, Liu FW. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity of novel oxizine fused benzimidazole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113684. [PMID: 34256126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes serious lower respiratory tract infections. Currently, the only clinical anti-RSV drug is ribavirin, but ribavirin has serious toxic side effect and can only be used by critically ill patients. A series of benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized starting from 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-d-fructose and a variety of o-phenylenediamines. Evaluation of their antiviral activity showed that compound a27 had the highest antiviral activity with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 9.49 μM. Investigation of the antiviral mechanism of compound a27 indicated that it can inhibit the replication of RSV by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I, TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF)-3, TANK binding kinase (TBK)-1, interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3, nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB), interferon (IFN)-β, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3, interleukin (IL)-6 were suppressed at the cellular level. Mouse lung tissue was subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry, which showed that RSV antigen and M gene expression could be reduced by compound a27. Decreased expression of RIG-I, IRF-3, IFN-β, TLR-3, IL-6, interleukin (IL)-8, interleukin (IL)-10, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was also found in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Huo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Duoduo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jieyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Luyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhanyong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Feng-Wu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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14
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Wang Z, Hou D, Fang J, Zhu L, Sun Y, Tan Y, Gu Z, Shan L. Screening and pharmacodynamic evaluation of the antirespiratory syncytial virus activity of steroidal pyridine compounds in vitro and in vivo. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3428-3438. [PMID: 33064304 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes serious lower respiratory tract infections and there are currently no safer or more effective drugs available. It is important to find novel medications for RSV infection. A series of steroidal pyridines were synthesized for screening and evaluation of their antiviral activity and investigation of their antiviral mechanism of action. Compound 3l had the highest antiviral activity, with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) of 3.13 μM. Compound 3l was explored for its effects in vitro on RSV 2 h before infection (pretreatment), at the time of infection (competition), and 2 h after infection (postinfection). Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3, retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I, interleukin (IL)-6, and interferon (IFN)-β were suppressed at the cellular level. Mouse lung tissue was subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry, which showed that RSV antigen and M gene expression could be reduced by compound 3l. Decreased expression of TLR-3, RIG-I, IL-6, IFN-β, and IL-10 was also found in vivo. The results indicated that compound 3l exerted its antiviral effects mainly through inhibition of viral replication and downregulation of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Duoduo Hou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jieyu Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yingying Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yayun Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zichen Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lihong Shan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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TLR7 Expression Aggravates Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis by Suppressing Anti- Aspergillus Immunity of Macrophages. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00019-21. [PMID: 33495270 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00019-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in early immune recognition of Aspergillus, which can regulate host defense during invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA). However, the role of TLR7 in the pathogenesis of IPA remains unknown. In this study, an in vivo model of IPA was established to investigate the contribution of TLR7 to host anti-Aspergillus immunity upon invasive pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infection. The effects of TLR7 on phagocytosis and killing capacities of A. fumigatus by macrophages and neutrophils were investigated in vitro We found that TLR7 knockout mice exhibited lower lung inflammatory response and tissue injury, higher fungal clearance, and greater survival in an in vivo model of IPA compared with wild-type mice. TLR7 activation by R837 ligand led to wild-type mice being more susceptible to invasive pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Macrophages, but not neutrophils, were required for the protection against IPA observed in TLR7 knockout mice. Mechanistically, TLR7 impaired phagocytosis and killing of A. fumigatus by macrophages but not neutrophils. Together, these data identify TLR7 as an important negative regulator of anti-Aspergillus innate immunity in IPA, and we propose that targeting TLR7 will be beneficial in the treatment of IPA.
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