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van Steenbergen H, Wilderjans TF, Band GPH, Nieuwenhuis ST. Boosting arousal and cognitive performance through alternating posture: Insights from a multi-method laboratory study. Psychophysiology 2024:e14634. [PMID: 38943231 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of arousal and effort costs in the cognitive benefits of alternating between sitting and standing postures using a sit-stand desk, while measuring executive functions, self-reports, physiology, and neural activity in a 2-h laboratory session aimed to induce mental fatigue. Two sessions were conducted with a one-week gap, during which participants alternated between sitting and standing postures each 20-min block in one session and remained seated in the other. In each block, inhibition, switching, and updating were assessed. We examined effects of time-on-task, acute (local) effects of standing versus sitting posture, and cumulative (global) effects of a standing posture that generalize to the subsequent block in which participants sit. Results (N = 43) confirmed that time-on-task increased mental fatigue and decreased arousal. Standing (versus sitting) led to acute increases in arousal levels, including self-reports, alpha oscillations, and cardiac responses. Standing also decreased physiological and perceived effort costs. Standing enhanced processing speed in the flanker task, attributable to shortened nondecision time and speeded evidence accumulation processes. No significant effects were observed on higher-level executive functions. Alternating postures also increased heart rate variability cumulatively over time. Exploratory mediation analyses indicated that the positive impact of acute posture on enhanced drift rate was mediated by self-reported arousal, whereas decreased nondecision time was mediated by reductions in alpha power. In conclusion, alternating between sitting and standing postures can enhance arousal, decrease effort costs, and improve specific cognitive and physiological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk van Steenbergen
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom F Wilderjans
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Methodology and Statistics Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guido P H Band
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander T Nieuwenhuis
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Makki F, Hasheminejad N, Tahernejad S, Mirzaee M. Evaluation of the effect of corrective exercise intervention on musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue and working memory of office workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2024; 30:532-542. [PMID: 38654525 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2323332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of corrective exercise intervention (corrective exercise reminding and training software) on musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), fatigue, posture and working memory among office workers. Methods: A total of 66 office workers participated in the present study. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires (including the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, multidimensional fatigue inventory and Borg rating scale), direct observations of work postures using rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) and rapid office strain assessment, and the n-back test. Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups (intervention and control) in terms of the severity of musculoskeletal discomfort after the intervention. There was a significant decrease in the mean score of trunk posture and the total RULA score in the intervention group after the intervention. The severity of perceived discomfort in all areas except the knee declined during the intervention. There was also a significant difference in physical and mental fatigue scores before and after the intervention. There was a significant difference in the accuracy score of office workers after the intervention compared to before the intervention. Conclusions: Overall, the results confirm the effectiveness of this low-cost, simple and easy-to-use ergonomic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Makki
- School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | | | - Moghaddameh Mirzaee
- Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Parés-Salomón I, Señé-Mir AM, Martín-Bozas F, Loef B, Coffey A, Dowd KP, Jabardo-Camprubí G, Proper KI, Puig-Ribera A, Bort-Roig J. Effectiveness of workplace interventions with digital elements to reduce sedentary behaviours in office employees: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:41. [PMID: 38641816 PMCID: PMC11031993 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital interventions are potential tools for reducing and limiting occupational sedentary behaviour (SB) in sedentary desk-based jobs. Given the harmful effects of sitting too much and sitting for too long while working, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of workplace interventions, that incorporated digital elements, to reduce the time spent in SB in office workers. METHODS Randomised control trials that evaluated the implementation of workplace interventions that incorporated digital elements for breaking and limiting SB among desk-based jobs were identified by literature searches in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PEDro) published up to 2023. Studies were included if total and/or occupational SB were assessed. Only studies that reported pre- and postintervention mean differences and standard deviations or standard errors for both intervention arms were used for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5; Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). Risk of bias was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields QUALSYST tool. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review. The most employed digital elements were information delivery and mediated organisational support and social influences. Multicomponent, information, and counselling interventions measuring total and/or occupational/nonoccupational SB time by self-report or via device-based measures were reported. Multicomponent interventions were the most represented. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis, which presented a reduction of 29.9 (95% CI: -45.2, -14.5) min/8 h workday in SB (overall effect: Z = 3.81). CONCLUSIONS Multicomponent interventions, using a wide range of digital features, have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing time spent in SB at the workplace among desk-based employees. However, due to hybrid work (i.e., work in the office and home) being a customary mode of work for many employees, it is important for future studies to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of these interventions in the evolving work landscape. TRIAL REGISTRATION The review protocol was registered in the Prospero database (CRD42022377366).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Parés-Salomón
- Sports and Physical Activity Research Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (Iris-CC) and University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Anna M Señé-Mir
- Sports and Physical Activity Research Group, Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.
| | | | - Bette Loef
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Coffey
- SHE Research Group, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Kieran P Dowd
- SHE Research Group, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Guillem Jabardo-Camprubí
- Sports and Physical Activity Research Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (Iris-CC) and Faculty of Health Science at Manresa, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Manresa, Spain
| | - Karin I Proper
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Puig-Ribera
- Sports and Physical Activity Research Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (Iris-CC) and University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Judit Bort-Roig
- Sports and Physical Activity Research Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (Iris-CC) and University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
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Medina-Inojosa JR, Gomez Ibarra MA, Medina-Inojosa BJ, Supervia M, Jenkins S, Johnson L, Suarez NP, Bonikowske A, Somers VK, Lopez-Jimenez F. Effect of Active Workstations on Neurocognitive Performance and Typing Skills: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031228. [PMID: 38572691 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended sedentary behavior is a risk factor for chronic disease and mortality, even among those who exercise regularly. Given the time constraints of incorporating physical activity into daily schedules, and the high likelihood of sitting during office work, this environment may serve as a potentially feasible setting for interventions to reduce sedentary behavior. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized cross-over clinical trial was conducted at an employee wellness center. Four office settings were evaluated on 4 consecutive days: stationary or sitting station on day 1 (referent), and 3 subsequent active workstations (standing, walking, or stepper) in randomized order. Neurocognitive function (Selective Attention, Grammatical Reasoning, Odd One Out, Object Reasoning, Visuospatial Intelligence, Limited-Hold Memory, Paired Associates Learning, and Digit Span) and fine motor skills (typing speed and accuracy) were tested using validated tools. Average scores were compared among stations using linear regression with generalized estimating equations to adjust standard errors. Bonferroni method adjusted for multiple comparisons. Healthy subjects were enrolled (n=44), 28 (64%) women, mean±SD age 35±11 years, weight 75.5±17.1 kg, height 168.5±10.0 cm, and body mass index 26.5±5.2 kg/m2. When comparing active stations to sitting, neurocognitive test either improved or remained unchanged, while typing speed decreased without affecting typing errors. Overall results improved after day 1, suggesting habituation. We observed no major differences across active stations, except decrease in average typing speed 42.5 versus 39.7 words per minute with standing versus stepping (P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Active workstations improved cognitive performance, suggesting that these workstations can help decrease sedentary time without work performance impairment. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT06240286.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Medina-Inojosa
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Miguel A Gomez Ibarra
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Betsy J Medina-Inojosa
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Marta Supervia
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Dr. Esquerdo Madrid Spain
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Lynne Johnson
- Dan Abraham Healthy Living Center Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Nathalie P Suarez
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Amanda Bonikowske
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Virend K Somers
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Francisco Lopez-Jimenez
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
- Dan Abraham Healthy Living Center Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
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Pearse S, Léger M, Albert WJ, Cardoso M. Active workstations: A literature review on workplace sitting. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 38:406-416. [PMID: 38763586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to further understand current literature on prolonged sitting, sitting posture and active sitting solutions. This paper is divided into three sections: The first section (Part I) is a comprehensive overview of the literature on how a static prolonged seated posture can affect: spinal health, trunk posture, contact pressure/discomfort development and vascular issues. The second section (Part II) reviews and qualitatively compares the four working postures recognized in ANSI/HFES 100-2007: reclined sitting, upright sitting, declined sitting and standing. The final section (Part III) is a summary of research on active chairs that revolves around the two types of movement patterns: 1- sustaining continual movement over a range of postures, occasionally reaching neutral lordosis, and 2- maintaining high frequency and duration of daily light contractile activity in the legs (or lower limbs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Léger
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, NB, Canada
| | - Wayne J Albert
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, NB, Canada
| | - Michelle Cardoso
- École de kinésiologie et de loisir, Université de Moncton, NB, Canada.
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Mohammadian M, Choobineh A, Razeghi M, Daneshmandi H, Ghaem H, Kazemi R, Jahani Y, Hashemi Nejad N. Knee Extension Exercise Effects on Physiological and Psychophysical Performance: Normal Weight Versus Obese Office Workers. Workplace Health Saf 2023; 71:589-596. [PMID: 37530211 DOI: 10.1177/21650799231188133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee extension exercise is useful and practical for obese and overweight people as this form of exercise is effective in minimizing body weight loading on joints and improving the body's physiological function. This study aimed to compare the physiological and psychophysical parameters of office workers while computer-based working in an active workstation equipped with an active footrest (AFR) prototype with a mechanism for performing knee extension exercises in a sitting position, and also to compare the physiological and psychophysical parameters among normal-weight and obese office workers. METHODS In this quasi-experimental study, the physiological parameters of heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) (measured with the Fitbit Charge HR smartwatch) were measured in two cross-over random sessions for 32 office workers (16 normal-weight and 16 obese) aged 28 to 50 years (M = 42.72, standard deviation [SD] = 4.37) while performing office tasks in sitting and active workstations (equipped with AFR). Perceived physical exertion, comfort, fatigue, and liking were also measured by rating the participants. FINDINGS Short-term activity of the participants with AFR performing computer tasks significantly improved physiological and psychophysical parameters compared with the participants in sitting workstations. However, there was no significant difference in the effect of AFR on physiological and psychophysical parameters between normal-weight and obese participants. CONCLUSIONS/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE Given the significant increase in EE and HR resulting from exercise with AFR compared with the conventional workstation, the use of AFR can help office workers achieve the minimum standard of physical activity at their workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Mohammadian
- Health Foresight and Innovation Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences
| | - Alireza Choobineh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mohsen Razeghi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Hadi Daneshmandi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Haleh Ghaem
- Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Reza Kazemi
- Ergonomics Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Yunes Jahani
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences
| | - Naser Hashemi Nejad
- Occupational Health and Safety at Work Department, Kerman University of Medical Sciences
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Yoon S, Lefrançois-Daignault T, Côté JN. The Effect of Cycling While Typing on Patterns of Upper Body Muscle Activation. HUMAN FACTORS 2023; 65:435-449. [PMID: 34078166 PMCID: PMC10152562 DOI: 10.1177/00187208211022147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of one's sex and pedaling intensity on upper body muscle activation patterns during typing while cycling. BACKGROUND Females are at a higher risk for computer work-related musculoskeletal disorders, and mobile workstations have been suggested to induce healthier muscular patterns compared with sitting. However, the neuromuscular characteristics of performing computer work in a cycling workstation have not been investigated. METHOD Twenty-two participants (10 females) completed a 60-min computer typing task while pedaling on a cycle ergometer at two different intensities (25%, 4% heart rate reserve). Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from seven muscles of the upper body. Effects of time, sex, and intensity were assessed for muscle activation (RMS), activation variability (CV), and normalized mutual information (NMI) via generalized estimating equations. RESULTS With time, neck/shoulder CV increased in males during higher pedaling intensity, whereas in females it decreased during lower intensity. In females, RMS of neck/shoulder and NMI of neck/shoulder muscle pairs were lower, whereas forearm RMS was 34.2% higher with higher intensity cycling compared with lower intensity. Lower back RMS decreased 28.3% in the initial half of the task in females, but in males it increased 14.4% in the later half. CONCLUSION AND APPLICATION Cycling workstation showed a sex- and intensity-specific EMG response. These differing responses should be considered when implementing the use of cycling workstation and may be important for preventing/managing sex-specific muscle fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangHoon Yoon
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thierry Lefrançois-Daignault
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie N Côté
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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De Carvalho D, Callaghan JP. Does a break from sitting change biomechanical outcome measures or transient pain? A laboratory-based experimental study. Work 2023:WOR211266. [PMID: 36641712 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sitting can induce transient low back pain (LBP) in healthy individuals. A rest from sitting should provide relief, however, the parameters of breaks (activity type, intensity, duration, and timing) are not currently known. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2-minute walking breaks at 40-minute intervals on sitting-induced LBP. METHODS Thirty-two healthy participants were recruited for a within-control study: two randomly presented sessions of sitting for 2 hours with and without breaks. Outcome measures were compared between condition and pain group using a three-way ANOVA with significance atp > 0.05. RESULTS Walking breaks at 40-minute intervals result in significantly lower pain ratings than those taken immediately before the break for sitting-induced back pain developers. However, this relief is short lived (<10 minutes), with ratings increasing to pre-break levels once the sitting exposure resumes. There were no differences in biomechanical factors between sessions. Regardless of session type, pain developers displayed higher spine fidget frequency than non-pain developers, females sat with less spine flexion, with greater gluteal activation levels, and with their center of pressure approximately half a centimeter to the left and forward compared to males, and males had significantly greater peak pressures over a smaller area compared to females. CONCLUSION Walking breaks at 40-minute intervals provide significant, but temporary, relief of sitting-induced back pain for pain developers. Future work should optimize break parameters and examine the longer-term benefit of breaks, especially for individuals that are not able to tolerate sitting for extended durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine,Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - J P Callaghan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences,University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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9
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Benefits associated with the standing position during visual search tasks. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:187-199. [PMID: 36416923 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The literature on postural control highlights that task performance should be worse in challenging dual tasks than in a single task, because the brain has limited attentional resources. Instead, in the context of visual tasks, we assumed that (i) performance in a visual search task should be better when standing than when sitting and (ii) when standing, postural control should be better when searching than performing the control task. 32 and 16 young adults participated in studies 1 and 2, respectively. They performed three visual tasks (searching to locate targets, free-viewing and fixating a stationary cross) displayed in small images (visual angle: 22°) either when standing or when sitting. Task performance, eye, head, upper back, lower back and center of pressure displacements were recorded. In both studies, task performance in searching was as good (and clearly not worse) when standing as when sitting. Sway magnitude was smaller during the search task (vs. other tasks) when standing but not when sitting. Hence, only when standing, postural control was adapted to perform the challenging search task. When exploring images, and especially so in the search task, participants rotated their head instead of their eyes as if they used an eye-centered strategy. Remarkably in Study 2, head rotation was greater when sitting than when standing. Overall, we consider that variability in postural control was not detrimental but instead useful to facilitate visual task performance. When sitting, this variability may be lacking, thus requiring compensatory movements.
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Jansen P, Buuck S, Voll S. The effect of physical activity breaks, including motor-cognitive coordination exercises, on employees’ cognitive functions in the workplace. Work 2022; 74:1447-1460. [PMID: 36530118 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The findings of the effectiveness of physical activity on adults’ cognitive abilities have not yet been transferred into corresponding fields of application. OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluates a motor-cognitive coordination programme in a company to improve employees’ cognitive performance in the short and medium term. METHODS: A total of 67 employees — 32 men and 35 women aged between 19 and 61 years — participated in this study, and 55 completed the study. The sample was randomly divided into an experimental group, which received a motor-cognitive coordination training, and a control group, which received a relaxation and mobility training. Both groups met for 15-minute sessions three times a week for eight weeks. Before and after the intervention, working memory, attention, information-processing capacity, divergent thinking, and mood were measured. In addition, acute effects regarding attention and mood were tested. RESULTS: The results showed that the motor-cognitive coordination break improves working memory and divergent thinking after eight weeks of intervention, whereas neither the mood nor the information processing speed improved more for the experimental group compared to the control group. The results on the acute increase in attention performance failed to reach significance. CONCLUSION: The new approach of this study was not only the derivation and development of targeted exercises, but also their testing and evaluation in the field of application. Motor-cognitive coordination exercise in the workplace might play an important role in both occupational health management and personnel development, especially for companies that are under highly competitive and innovative pressure.
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Léger MC, Cardoso MR, Dion C, Albert WJ. Does active sitting provide more physiological changes than traditional sitting and standing workstations? APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 102:103741. [PMID: 35287085 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined the physiological effects of two active chairs (AC1: had the feature to pedal and slide forward; AC2: was a multiaxial chair) compared to a traditional office chair and standing workstation. Twenty-four healthy participants computed at each of the workstations for 60 min. The active protocol was to alternate between a pedalling/side-to-side motion and sliding forward/front-to-back motion to the sound of a metronome operating at 40 bpm. The participants' physiological effects were recorded using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); electrodermal activity (EDA) and a heart rate (HR) monitor for each collection period. Statistical analysis was conducted using a repeated measures analysis of variance for within-task and between-workstation comparisons. A Tukey's post hoc analysis was calculated for significant findings. Both active chairs significantly increased oxygenated blood in the gastrocnemius and participants' heart rate and EDA (stress) levels were affected slightly by task and time. However, participants felt more "productive" sitting in the control chair than in either of the active chairs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cynthia Dion
- École de kinésiologie et de loisir, Université de Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Wayne J Albert
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, NB, Canada
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12
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Moon M, Sumsuzzman DM, Choi J, Kazema AS, Khan ZA, Hong Y. Changes in Keyboard Typing Accuracy and Spatial Perception after Cardiovascular Fitness Exercise. J Lifestyle Med 2022; 12:89-97. [PMID: 36157890 PMCID: PMC9490013 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2022.12.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to identify the association between cardiopulmonary exercise and neurological activation by measuring dictation accuracy and the extent of spatial perception. Methods First of all, the body composition of subjects was analyzed to verify their physical abnormality. The subjects were given treadmill exercise using modified Bruce protocol. Before and after the treadmill exercise, a spatial perception test and dictation task with auditory and visual stimulation were carried out to identify the changes in neurological activation. Results The scores of spatial perception after treadmill exercise were higher than those before treadmill exercise (p < 0.05). In addition, the speed of the post-treadmill dictation task with visual stimulation was significantly increased compared to that of the pre-treadmill dictation task (p < 0.05). However, the accuracy of the post-treadmill dictation task with visual stimulation was significantly decreased compared to that of the pre-treadmill dictation task (p < 0.05). Conclusion In this study, it was shown that spatial perception and speed of visual dictation were increased after treadmill exercise. These results suggest that cardiovascular fitness exercise increases spatial perception and typing speed by facilitating neurological activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeonggon Moon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Dewan Md Sumsuzzman
- Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Choi
- Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Ashura Suleiman Kazema
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Khan
- Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Institute of Digital Anti-aging Healthcare, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
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13
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Bhat M, Dehury K, Chandrasekaran B, Palanisamy HP, Arumugam A. Does standing alter reaction times and event related potentials compared to sitting in young adults? A counterbalanced, crossover trial. THEORETICAL ISSUES IN ERGONOMICS SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1463922x.2022.2033877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Bhat
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Keshab Dehury
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Baskaran Chandrasekaran
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Hari Prakash Palanisamy
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashokan Arumugam
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS – Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sustainable Engineering Asset Management Research Group, RISE – Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Adjunct Faculty, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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14
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Clapp SR, McCauley PR, Karwowski W, Hancock PA. The seat of happiness? The effect of seat comfort on the achievement of psychological flow during transactional work. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 96:103508. [PMID: 34157479 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Psychological flow is highly pleasurable, time-limited form of engagement in a task which has been shown to produce benefits in the workplace. Flow has historically been studied in the context of the interaction between the task and the performer. However, in work settings such as an office, many other factors may contribute to or hinder the achievement of flow. This present study broadens the research on flow to test the extent to which seating comfort while executing a challenging task influences an individual's ability to achieve flow. Fifty-four participants in this study were randomly assigned to one of two seat types and given a set of tasks to perform via a computer simulation. Seat comfort, coupled with participants' perceptions of their ability to concentrate on the simulation's set of tasks, was found to predict participants' flow experiences. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Clapp
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Florida, USA.
| | | | - Waldemar Karwowski
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Florida, USA
| | - P A Hancock
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Florida, USA
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15
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Schellewald V, Kleinert J, Ellegast R. Effects of two types of dynamic office workstations (DOWs) used at two intensities on cognitive performance and office work in tasks with various complexity. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:806-818. [PMID: 33289621 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1862308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the possible effects on objective work performance while using two types of dynamic office workstations (DOWs). 20 participants each used one type with three intensities (seated, light, moderate) and completed a task battery assessing cognitive performance and office work with two levels of complexity. Repeated measures MANOVA showed a significant interaction effect for work performance between the type of workstation and intensity for the simple level and a significant main effect for intensity for the complex level. Comparing the types of DOWs to each other, accuracy of text processing differed when working sedentary. Using both devices with light and moderate intensity had a significant detrimental effect on mouse tasks compared to working sedentary, but none comparing the intensities. No further results indicated neither a detrimental nor an enhancing effect of using DOWs on cognitive performance and office-work related tasks, regardless of the intensity of use or the task complexity. Practitioner Summary: By using DOWs, light physical activity can be integrated while working at a desk. Results showed that using different types of DOWs with different intensities does have a detrimental effect on tasks requiring a high motor control, but not on cognitive or further office work-related tasks of various complexity. Abbreviations: DOW: dynamic office workstation; aLT: activeLife Trainer; DB: deskbike; RPE: rated perceived exertion; MANOVA: multivariate analysis of variance; ANOVA: analysis of variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Schellewald
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (IFA), German Social Accident Insurance, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Jens Kleinert
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Rolf Ellegast
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (IFA), German Social Accident Insurance, Sankt Augustin, Germany
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16
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Kang SH, Lee J, Jin S. Effect of standing desk use on cognitive performance and physical workload while engaged with high cognitive demand tasks. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 92:103306. [PMID: 33221499 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is clear that the cognitive resources invested in standing are greater than in sitting, but six of eight previous studies suggested that there is no difference in cognitive performance. This study investigated the effects of sitting and standing workstations on the physical workload and cognitive performance under variable cognitive demand conditions. Fifteen participants visited two times for testing sitting and standing workstations, and were asked to play two difficulty levels of Tetris game for 40 min while kinematic variables, CoP regularity, CoP SD, and cognitive performances were captured every 5 min. Results revealed a more neural posture in standing than in sitting, but using the standing workstation degraded attention and executive function. The CoP SD was 7 times greater in standing, but the CoP regularity was 1/4 in sitting, denoting greater attentional investment while engaged at the standing workstation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyeon Kang
- The Human and Safety Engineering Laboratory Department of Industrial Engineering Pusan National University Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyeong Lee
- The Human and Safety Engineering Laboratory Department of Industrial Engineering Pusan National University Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangeun Jin
- The Human and Safety Engineering Laboratory Department of Industrial Engineering Pusan National University Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Hervieux V, Tremblay A, Biron C. Active meetings on stationary bicycle: An intervention to promote health at work without impairing performance. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 90:103269. [PMID: 32956981 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Workers who experienced prolonged sitting have higher risk of mortality from all causes compared to non-sedentary workers. However, work can also be a health enhancement opportunity and it also can be designed to improve health and well-being. This research presents a novel intervention designed to reduce sedentary behavior in the workplace. Seven teams of employees (N = 30) conducted two meetings: one in a sitting position and one on a stationary bike. Repeated measures for heart rate, perceptions of stress, well-being, focus, attention and fatigue were collected before, during and after both meetings. Heart rate was significantly higher during active meeting. Results also indicated a significant effect of active meeting on stress. Well-being, focus and attention were similar during both meetings. Fatigue was perceived to be reduced in the hours following the active meeting. This suggests that active meetings can promote health without impairing performance which offers new perspectives for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Hervieux
- Department of Management, Laval University, Quebec city, Canada; Centre d'expertise en gestion de la santé et sécurité du travail (CGSST), Laval University, Quebec city, Canada; VITAM - Centre de Recherche en santé durable de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Canada.
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec city, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec city, Canada
| | - Caroline Biron
- Department of Management, Laval University, Quebec city, Canada; Centre d'expertise en gestion de la santé et sécurité du travail (CGSST), Laval University, Quebec city, Canada; VITAM - Centre de Recherche en santé durable de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Canada
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18
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Sahu M, Gnanaraj Solomon D, Vijay SJ, Sudhahar JC. Ergonomic evaluation of the risk factors causing pain in the upper part of the body among IT professionals in India. Work 2020; 67:993-1005. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-203349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In developing countries, the recent increase in computer-related work has considerably increased the occupational complaint of pain. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of workstation design, posture and ergonomic awareness on the prevalence of pain for a year in the upper part of the body (eyes, hands, arms, shoulders, lower back, and upper back) among IT professionals in India. METHOD: To investigate the association of risk factors with the prevalence of pain in different body parts, a newly designed online questionnaire titled “A Questionnaire based on ergonomics for IT Professionals” was developed. The psychometric properties of this questionnaire were tested. 110 computer office workers were recruited from IT companies from major cities in India. RESULTS: The confirmation of reliability and lack of redundancy of items was provided by the calculation of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.804) and cross-validation. 60% of participants was male. Mean age was 29.73±6.09 years. The prevalence of pain for a year in the upper part of the body was 38.2%. The frequently reported pains were in the neck (22.7%), lower back area (22.7%), and eye strain (21.8%). CONCLUSION: It was identified that long working hours, excessive usage of smartphones, lack of exercise, incorrect workstation adjustments, and incorrect posture were the risk factors for the prevalence of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sahu
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Rostami M, Razeghi M, Daneshmandi H, Hassanzadeh J, Choobineh A. Cognitive and skill performance of individuals at sitting versus standing workstations: a quasi-experimental study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2020; 28:544-554. [PMID: 32757725 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1806565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aimed to assess cognitive and skill performance at sitting and standing workstations among students from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods. Forty students (20 females and 20 males) participated in this quasi-experimental study. Tests were performed among randomly selected participants over two consecutive days: day 1, the Beck depression inventory and Beck anxiety inventory were used to assess the severity of depression and anxiety in the study participants, respectively, and Raven's general intelligence test was used to measure intelligence quotient; day 2, five performance assessment tests (cognitive performance assessment tests 'n-back', 'Stroop' and 'advanced reaction time'; skill performance assessment tests 'two-arm coordination' and 'Purdue pegboard') were randomly selected and presented to individuals at each workstation (sitting and standing workstations). At the end of each sitting and standing position, the comfort of the workstation was measured using a visual analog scale. Results. No statistically significant difference was shown between sitting and standing positions in terms of 'n-back', 'Stroop', 'advanced reaction time', 'two-arm coordination' and 'Purdue pegboard'. Participants were more comfortable in sitting positions and more easily distracted in standing positions. Conclusions. Sitting and standing positions had no significant effects on participants' cognitive and skill performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Rostami
- School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohsen Razeghi
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hadi Daneshmandi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Choobineh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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20
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Does type of active workstation matter? A randomized comparison of cognitive and typing performance between rest, cycling, and treadmill active workstations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237348. [PMID: 32764818 PMCID: PMC7413476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Active workstations are associated with improved health outcomes, but differences in cognitive and typing outcomes between the types of active workstations are unclear. We addressed two main questions: (1) Are there differences in cognitive and typing performance between seated and active workstations? (2) Are there differences in cognitive and typing performance between cycling and treadmill workstations, specifically? Participants included 137 healthy young adults (74 female, mean age = 20.8 years) who completed two sessions. At session one (baseline), all participants completed cognitive and typing tests including the Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, a typing test, and a flanker task while sitting at rest. At session two, participants were randomized to an active workstation group (treadmill or cycling desk) during which they performed the tests listed above in a randomized fashion, using alternate versions when available. Participants showed significantly better attention and cognitive control scores during the active session as compared to the seated session, but worse verbal memory scores during the active session. Participants were faster and more accurate at typing during the active session relative to the seated session. There were no significant differences between cycling or treadmill workstations on any cognitive or typing outcomes. Improvements during active sessions may be influenced by practice effects, although alternate forms were used when possible. We conclude that active workstations do not seem to largely impact cognitive abilities, with the exception of a slight decrease in verbal memory performance. Findings suggest active workstations, whether walking or cycling, are useful to improve physical activity, particularly when completing tasks that do not require verbal memory recall.
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21
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Labonté-LeMoyne E, Jutras MA, Léger PM, Sénécal S, Fredette M, Begon M, Mathieu MÈ. Does Reducing Sedentarity With Standing Desks Hinder Cognitive Performance? HUMAN FACTORS 2020; 62:603-612. [PMID: 31593493 DOI: 10.1177/0018720819879310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine if using a standing desk would affect the productivity of workers, based on the type of work they perform. BACKGROUND Standing desks are a promising new health intervention in the workplace, but users and employers often require more specific recommendations related to productivity, such as the type of work that is more suited for the standing desk. METHOD Thirty-seven young and healthy adults performed eight cognitive tasks in a 2 × 2 × 2 within-subject design of the following independent variables: posture (sitting/standing), task difficulty (easy/hard), and input device (computer mouse/tactile screen) in a counterbalanced order. RESULTS Our results revealed that using a standing desk had no negative effect on performance or perception, but it did lead to increased brain activity in the alpha band for the parietal region (β = 0.186, p = .001). CONCLUSION We conclude that users of standing desks can freely stand for any level of task difficulty for work that involves working memory. However, more research is needed to generalize these results to other types of cognitive abilities and prolonged use of standing desks. APPLICATION Our results simplify recommendations for workers as they do not need to worry about the type of work they are performing when using a standing desk.
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22
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Podrekar N, Kozinc Ž, Šarabon N. The effects of cycle and treadmill desks on work performance and cognitive function in sedentary workers: A review and meta-analysis. Work 2020; 65:537-545. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-203108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nastja Podrekar
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
- InnoRennew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Kozinc
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
- University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
- InnoRennew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
- S2P, Science to Practice Ltd., Ljubljana, Slovenia
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23
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Rovniak LS, Adams MA, Sciamanna CN, Kong L, Sullivan N, Costalas S, Bopp M, Kuzmik A. Effects of Bluetooth-Enabled Desk Ellipticals on Office Work Performance: Rationale, Design, and Protocol for a Randomized Trial With Overweight and Obese Adults. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e16275. [PMID: 31934871 PMCID: PMC6996735 DOI: 10.2196/16275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Workplaces that provide opportunities for physical activity without requiring extra time for activity could help counteract the obesity epidemic. Desk ellipticals can contribute to activity-supportive workplace environments; however, the feasibility of engaging employees in pedaling ellipticals during simultaneous office work has not been well evaluated. Objective We aim to present the rationale and methods from an ongoing randomized trial with overweight and obese employees that will evaluate (1) the effects of pedaling a compact desk elliptical on work performance and (2) the influence of different incentive types and schedules on desk pedaling quantity. Methods Overweight and obese medical center employees are being recruited in dyads for a 2 (gift card type: healthier food vs Amazon) by 3 (gift card schedule: immediate incentive contingent on individual pedaling quantity; immediate incentive partially contingent on dyads’ joint pedaling quantity; and delayed noncontingent pedaling incentive) cluster randomized within-subjects factorial trial. All participants receive a Bluetooth-enabled desk elliptical for 4 weeks and access to a mobile app that provides real-time pedaling feedback. The primary aims are to assess (1) change in employee work performance from pre- to postelliptical installation via employee and supervisor ratings and (2) effects of gift card type and schedule on quantity of objectively measured desk pedaling completed. Results Data collection is ongoing. We expect to complete main outcome analyses in 2020. Conclusions This trial represents one of the earliest attempts to assess the effects of desk pedaling and pedaling-incentive types in real-world offices. It could help bridge the research-to-practice gap by providing evidence on whether desk pedaling can be sustained without compromising work performance. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/16275
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza S Rovniak
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Marc A Adams
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Christopher N Sciamanna
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Lan Kong
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nicole Sullivan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Sara Costalas
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Melissa Bopp
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Ashley Kuzmik
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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24
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Lusa S, Punakallio A, Mänttäri S, Korkiakangas E, Oksa J, Oksanen T, Laitinen J. Interventions to promote work ability by increasing sedentary workers' physical activity at workplaces - A scoping review. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 82:102962. [PMID: 31568961 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although worksite interventions increase physical activity, little is known about their effects on work ability. The objective of this scoping review was to examine the extent, range and nature of interventions to promote work ability by increasing the physical activity or decreasing the sedentary time of sedentary workers in order to identify implications for health promotion at workplaces. We searched Medline, Cochrane Central, and Scopus and identified 29 intervention studies. Using an iterative method, we provided an overview of the study elements and extracted details on study sample, design, intervention content, outcomes, and beneficial effects. Most of the studies (N = 25) were RCTs. Thirteen studies reported beneficial effects on work ability. Tailored and group-based interventions and interventions including environmental actions were often beneficial (9/13). We identified features of feasible and effective interventions for promoting work ability by increasing the physical activity or decreasing the sedentary time of sedentary workers. However, more studies are needed on the sustainability of these effects, and versatile interventions tailored to workers and work demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirpa Lusa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Tampere, Finland.
| | - Anne Punakallio
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Satu Mänttäri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Oulu, Finland.
| | | | - Juha Oksa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Turku, Finland.
| | - Jaana Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Oulu, Finland.
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25
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Eggleston JD, Chavez EA, Harry JR, Dufek JS. Computer interactions during walking workstation use moderately affects spatial-temporal gait characteristics. Gait Posture 2019; 74:200-204. [PMID: 31557663 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to increased sedentary workstyles, active workstations have shown the ability to increase activity while only moderately affecting work ability. However, previous examinations have not examine fine motor mousing tasks on tripping descriptors. RESEARCH QUESTION What affect do mousing tasks of varying target size have on tripping descriptors during walking workstation use? METHODS Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected while participants used a walking workstation completing one baseline and three mousing conditions of varying target sizes. RESULTS Target size main effects (p < 0.001) detected decreased stride length in all experimental conditions, which were supported by moderate effect sizes, and decreased stance width and time in double limb support (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Stance width differences resulted in large effect sizes between baseline and all conditions, while only moderate effect sizes were observed between time in double limb support in baseline compared to all conditions. No changes in knee flexion range of motion were observed in response to target size (p = 0.278). SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that walking workstation users shorten their stride length and decrease their base of support while completing mousing tasks. The placement of the upper extremities on the workstation desk likely acted as the primary mechanism to increase stability. It is concluded that performing mousing tasks of varying target size using a walking workstation does not pose greater risk for adverse gait events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Eggleston
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
| | - Emily A Chavez
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - John R Harry
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Janet S Dufek
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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26
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Yoon S, Lefrançois-Daignault T, Côté JN. Effects of cycling while typing on upper limb and performance characteristics. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2019; 80:161-167. [PMID: 31280800 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Active computer workstations may help reduce workplace sedentarism. However, their impact on the upper limb musculoskeletal system is unknown. Subjects participated in two 60-min computer laptop-based Bike-and-Type sessions at different cycling intensities (LOW, HIGH). Upper trapezius and wrist extensor muscle blood flow, sensitivity and pain thresholds, and typing performance were measured intermittently. Neck/shoulder discomfort increased over time (p < 0.001), and was higher in the HIGH intensity (p = 0.036). Blood flow to the trapezius (p = 0.041) and wrist (p = 0.021) muscles were higher during HIGH, and wrist blood flow increased over time (p = 0.01). Trapezius sensitivity threshold significantly decreased over time (p = 0.003). There were no effects on pressure pain thresholds (interaction p = 0.091). Average typing speed was greater during HIGH (p = 0.046) and increased over time (p < 0.001). Time spent biking while typing effectively improved performance, which may facilitate muscle regeneration, although effects depend on biking intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangHoon Yoon
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S4, Canada
; Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, 3205 Alton, Goldbloom Place, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1R2, Canada
| | - Thierry Lefrançois-Daignault
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S4, Canada
; Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, 3205 Alton, Goldbloom Place, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1R2, Canada
| | - Julie N Côté
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S4, Canada
; Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, 3205 Alton, Goldbloom Place, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1R2, Canada.
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Moreno-Blanco D, Solana-Sánchez J, Sánchez-González P, Oropesa I, Cáceres C, Cattaneo G, Tormos-Muñoz JM, Bartrés-Faz D, Pascual-Leone Á, Gómez EJ. Technologies for Monitoring Lifestyle Habits Related to Brain Health: A Systematic Review. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194183. [PMID: 31561599 PMCID: PMC6806336 DOI: 10.3390/s19194183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Brain health refers to the preservation of brain integrity and function optimized for an individual’s biological age. Several studies have demonstrated that our lifestyles habits impact our brain health and our cognitive and mental wellbeing. Monitoring such lifestyles is thus critical and mobile technologies are essential to enable such a goal. Three databases were selected to carry out the search. Then, a PRISMA and PICOTS based criteria for a more detailed review on the basis of monitoring lifestyle aspects were used to filter the publications. We identified 133 publications after removing duplicates. Fifteen were finally selected from our criteria. Many studies still use questionnaires as the only tool for monitoring and do not apply advanced analytic or AI approaches to fine-tune results. We anticipate a transformative boom in the near future developing and implementing solutions that are able to integrate, in a flexible and adaptable way, data from technologies and devices that users might already use. This will enable continuous monitoring of objective data to guide the personalized definition of lifestyle goals and data-driven coaching to offer the necessary support to ensure adherence and satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Moreno-Blanco
- Biomedical Engineering and Telemedicine Centre, ETSI Telecomunicación, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (I.O.); (C.C.); (E.J.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Javier Solana-Sánchez
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (G.C.); (J.M.T.-M.); (D.B.-F.); (Á.P.-L.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain, and with Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Patricia Sánchez-González
- Biomedical Engineering and Telemedicine Centre, ETSI Telecomunicación, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (I.O.); (C.C.); (E.J.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Oropesa
- Biomedical Engineering and Telemedicine Centre, ETSI Telecomunicación, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (I.O.); (C.C.); (E.J.G.)
| | - César Cáceres
- Biomedical Engineering and Telemedicine Centre, ETSI Telecomunicación, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (I.O.); (C.C.); (E.J.G.)
- ETSI Informática, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriele Cattaneo
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (G.C.); (J.M.T.-M.); (D.B.-F.); (Á.P.-L.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Tormos-Muñoz
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (G.C.); (J.M.T.-M.); (D.B.-F.); (Á.P.-L.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain, and with Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (G.C.); (J.M.T.-M.); (D.B.-F.); (Á.P.-L.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pascual-Leone
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (G.C.); (J.M.T.-M.); (D.B.-F.); (Á.P.-L.)
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and the Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA
| | - Enrique J. Gómez
- Biomedical Engineering and Telemedicine Centre, ETSI Telecomunicación, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (I.O.); (C.C.); (E.J.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Garrett G, Zhao H, Pickens A, Mehta R, Preston L, Powell A, Benden M. Computer-based Prompt's impact on postural variability and sit-stand desk usage behavior; a cluster randomized control trial. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2019; 79:17-24. [PMID: 31109458 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sit-to-stand workstations have been deployed in office environments to reduce sedentary behavior and improve worker's health. However, efforts to initiate and sustain long-term usage of sit-stand workstations has been a challenge, with primarily anecdotal evidence suggesting many employees cease using their sit-stand workstations once the newness diminishes. To objectively determine sit-stand workstation usage and what impact computer-based prompts would have on sit-stand desk use and sustainability, 200 office workers (118 control and 82 treatment) in two different geographic locations were continuously monitored over a 4 ½ month period, which consisted of a 6-week baseline and a 3-month experimental period. During the 3-month experimental period, computer-based prompts elicited a 229% increase in daily standing transitions which was sustained over the entire 3 months with 40% of the participants adhering to a pre-determined sit to stand schedule. These findings indicate that the use of computer-based prompts can be used to motivate employees to change their behavior regarding the use of sit-to-stand workstations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Garrett
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Adam Pickens
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Ranjana Mehta
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Leigh Preston
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Amy Powell
- OE/HES Center, Chevron USA INC, San Ramon, CA, 94583, USA.
| | - Mark Benden
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Baker R, Coenen P, Howie E, Williamson A, Straker L. The musculoskeletal and cognitive effects of under-desk cycling compared to sitting for office workers. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2019; 79:76-85. [PMID: 31109464 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alternate work positions are being considered as a way to address sedentary behaviour for office workers. This study evaluated the effect of two hours of just-sitting versus sitting while under-desk cycling on musculoskeletal discomfort and cognitive function (sustained attention and creative problem solving). To consider mechanisms, muscle fatigue, kinematics and mental state were also measured. Discomfort increased significantly across all body areas with knee and ankle discomfort greater (in a clinically meaningful manner) in under-desk cycling. Sustained attention reaction time was the only cognitive measure to show a difference between conditions (slower for under-desk cycling [β-34.82 CI (-62.12 to -7.53)]). There was no evidence of muscle fatigue, while kinematic differences between conditions were identified. Mental state deteriorated over time in both conditions. This study found no clear benefit of under-desk cycling compared to just-sitting for musculoskeletal health and cognitive function measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richelle Baker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Pieter Coenen
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erin Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ann Williamson
- School of Aviation, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
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Anderson A, Thornton O, Coats R, Capozio A, Astill S. The effect of using a cycling workstation on mouse dexterity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220896. [PMID: 31461444 PMCID: PMC6713392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of using a cycling workstation on mouse dexterity, including if and how this changed with practice. Thirty-four healthy adults were allocated to a sitting group (n = 17) or cycling group (n = 17). All participants completed standardised computer tasks on 6 occasions: baseline and final—all participants were seated; practice 1 to 4—sitting group participants were seated, cycling group participants pedalled on an under desk cycle. Three computer tasks were employed: (1) Tracking (continuous task)—participants used the mouse pointer to track a dot in a figure of 8 pattern at 3 different speeds without a guide then with a guide (2) Aiming (discrete task)—participants moved the mouse pointer to a dot which repeatedly disappeared then reappeared again in different locations, creating the outline of a pentagram (3) Steering (continuous task)—participants steered the mouse pointer around two different pathways. Accuracy was measured during the Tracking and Steering tasks as the root mean square error and penalised path accuracy respectively. Speed was measured during the Aiming task as the movement time. Data was analysed using frequentist and Bayes Factor analyses. During the continuous tasks (Tracking and Steering), accuracy was impaired among participants using the cycling workstation, both compared to their accuracy when seated and to the accuracy of participants in the sitting group. In contrast, no deficits in speed were noted among participants using the cycling work station during the discrete task (Aiming). No learning effects were observed among either group for any tasks. These findings suggest using a cycling workstation may impair the accuracy but not speed of mouse use, regardless of task practice. Overall this supports the implementation of cycling workstations in typical office settings, but suggests cycling workstations may impair productivity among workers performing high precision mouse tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Anderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
- Physiotherapy Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Thornton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Coats
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Capozio
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Astill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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31
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Chambers AJ, Robertson MM, Baker NA. The effect of sit-stand desks on office worker behavioral and health outcomes: A scoping review. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2019; 78:37-53. [PMID: 31046958 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review examines the effects of sit-stand desks (SSDs) on six domains: behavior (e.g. time sitting and standing), physiological, work performance, psychological, discomfort, and posture. Fifty-three articles met criteria. We determined the percentage of significant results for each domain. Forty-seven studies were experimental trials. Sample sizes ranged from six to 231 participants. Follow-up time-frames ranged from one day to one year. Sixty-one percent of behavioral (24 studies), 37% of physiological (28 studies), 7% of work performance (23 studies), 31% of psychological (11 studies), 43% of discomfort (22 studies), and 18% of posture domain results (4 studies) were significant. We conclude that SSDs effectively change behaviors, but these changes only mildly effect health outcomes. SSDs seem most effective for discomfort and least for productivity. Further study is needed to examine long-term effects, and to determine clinically appropriate dosage and workstation setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- April J Chambers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Michelle M Robertson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Center for the Promotion of Health in the New England Workplace, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06103, USA; Office Ergonomics Research Committee, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Nancy A Baker
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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Schwartz B, Kapellusch JM, Baca A, Wessner B. Medium-term effects of a two-desk sit/stand workstation on cognitive performance and workload for healthy people performing sedentary work: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. ERGONOMICS 2019; 62:794-810. [PMID: 30762479 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1577497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Implementing sit/stand workstations in sedentary work environments is a common way to reduce sedentary time, but their medium-term effect on cognitive performance is unclear. To address this circumstance, eighteen office workers participated in a two-arm, randomised controlled cross-over trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02825303), either working at a traditional (sit) or an interventional (sit/stand) workplace for 23 weeks. Cognitive performance (working speed, reaction time, concentration performance, accuracy), workload and relevant covariates (salivary cortisol level, heart rate, physical activity, sitting time) were measured pre- and post-intervention under laboratory conditions. MANOVA and RMANOVA results did not show differences in performance parameters and workload, respectively, between sit/stand and traditional workplace users. Differences in text editing accuracy and cortisol levels for sit/stand workstation users indicate potential connectivity to cognitive parameters which should be further examined with large-scale studies. Practitioner summary: Medium-term effects of working at sit/stand workstations on cognitive performance and workload are unexplored. This randomised controlled trial suggests that cognitive performance and workload are unaffected for sit/stand workstation users after 23 weeks of use. However, accuracy appeared to improve and physiological stress appeared to be altered. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; IPAQ: International physical activity questionnaire; MET: metabolic equivalent of task; MANOVA: multivariate ANOVA; NASA TLX: NASA task load index; RMANOVA: repeated measures ANOVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Schwartz
- a Institute of Sport Science , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
- b Department of Research and Development , University of Applied Sciences for Health Professions Upper Austria , Linz , Austria
| | - Jay M Kapellusch
- c Department of Occupational Science and Technology , University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Arnold Baca
- a Institute of Sport Science , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Barbara Wessner
- a Institute of Sport Science , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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Johnson CR, Besachio DA, Delonga D, Kuzniewski C, Mudge CS. Effect of Dynamic Workstation Use on Radiologist Detection of Pulmonary Nodules on CT. J Am Coll Radiol 2019; 16:451-457. [PMID: 30826237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of using a treadmill workstation during CT interpretation on radiologists' sensitivity for lung nodule detection, accuracy and adherence to accepted management recommendations, and examination interpretation time. METHODS This HIPAA-compliant study was approved by the institutional review board. Three radiologists performed a retrospective review of 55 CT examinations of the chest originally performed for lung cancer screening. These studies were reviewed both while sitting at a conventional workstation and while walking at a treadmill workstation. A separate thoracic radiologist reviewed the examinations at a conventional workstation only to serve as a control. The number of pulmonary nodules detected, accuracy of or adherence to follow-up recommendations, and time required for examination interpretation were recorded and compared between each condition. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the total number of nodules detected while walking versus seated. Intraobserver follow-up recommendations were consistent to highly consistent between sitting and walking. There was moderate interobserver agreement between the radiologists' recommendation for seated versus walking conditions. There was a statistically significant difference in time taken to complete each examination, with interpretation during walking taking less time than during sitting. CONCLUSIONS Use of a treadmill workstation does not significantly affect the detection of lung nodules on CT or lead to changes in management recommendations but does decrease examination interpretation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody R Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia.
| | - David A Besachio
- Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia
| | - David Delonga
- Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia
| | | | - Christopher S Mudge
- Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia
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Energy Expenditure While Using Workstation Alternatives at Self-Selected Intensities. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:141-148. [PMID: 30636499 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2017-0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active workstations offer the potential for augmenting energy expenditure (EE) in sedentary occupations. However, comparisons of EE during pedal and treadmill desk usage at self-selected intensities are lacking. METHODS A sample of 16 adult participants (8 men and 8 women; 33.9 [7.1] y, 22.5 [2.7] kg/m2) employed in sedentary occupations had their EE measured using indirect calorimetry during 4 conditions: (1) seated rest, (2) seated typing in a traditional office chair, (3) self-paced pedaling on a pedal desk while typing, and (4) self-paced walking on a treadmill desk while typing. RESULTS For men and women, self-paced pedal and treadmill desk typing significantly increased EE above seated typing (pedal desk: +1.20 to 1.28 kcal/min and treadmill desk: +1.43 to 1.93 kcal/min, P < .001). In men, treadmill desk typing (3.46 [0.19] kcal/min) elicited a significantly higher mean EE than pedal desk typing (2.73 [0.21] kcal/min, P < .001). No significant difference in EE was observed between treadmill desk typing (2.68 [0.19] kcal/min) and pedal desk typing among women (2.52 [0.21] kcal/min). CONCLUSIONS Self-paced treadmill desk usage elicited significantly higher EE than self-paced pedal desk usage in men but not in women. Both pedal and treadmill desk usage at self-selected intensities elicited approximate 2-fold increases in EE above what would typically be expected during traditional seated office work.
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Sui W, Smith ST, Fagan MJ, Rollo S, Prapavessis H. The effects of sedentary behaviour interventions on work-related productivity and performance outcomes in real and simulated office work: A systematic review. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2019; 75:27-73. [PMID: 30509536 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This review examined the impact of environmental, behavioral, and combined interventions to reduce occupational sedentary behaviour on work performance and productivity outcomes. Productivity outcomes were defined as variables assessing work-related tasks (e.g., typing, mouse), whereas performance outcomes were categorized as any variables assessing cognition that did not mimic work-related tasks. Nine databases were searched for articles published up to January 2018. Sixty-three studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria: 45 examined a productivity outcome (i.e., typing, mouse, work-related tasks, and absenteeism), 38 examined a performance outcome (i.e., memory, reading comprehension, mathematics, executive function, creativity, psychomotor function, and psychobiological factors), and 30 examined a self-reported productivity/performance outcome (i.e., presenteeism or other self-reported outcome). Overall, standing interventions do not appear to impact productivity/performance outcomes, whereas walking and cycling interventions demonstrate mixed null/negative associations for productivity outcomes. Hence, standing interventions to reduce occupational sedentary behaviour could be implemented without negatively impacting productivity/performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyou Sui
- Exercise Health and Psychology Lab, Room 408, Arthur Sonia Labatt Health Science Building, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Siobhan T Smith
- Exercise Health and Psychology Lab, Room 408, Arthur Sonia Labatt Health Science Building, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Matthew J Fagan
- Exercise Health and Psychology Lab, Room 408, Arthur Sonia Labatt Health Science Building, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Scott Rollo
- Exercise Health and Psychology Lab, Room 408, Arthur Sonia Labatt Health Science Building, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Harry Prapavessis
- Exercise Health and Psychology Lab, Room 408, Arthur Sonia Labatt Health Science Building, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.
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Dupont F, Léger PM, Begon M, Lecot F, Sénécal S, Labonté-Lemoyne E, Mathieu ME. Health and productivity at work: which active workstation for which benefits: a systematic review. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:281-294. [PMID: 30692162 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce sedentary behaviour at work, research has examined the effectiveness of active workstations. However, despite their relevance in replacing conventional desks, the comparison between types of active workstations and their respective benefits remains unclear. The purpose of this review article is thus to compare the benefits between standing, treadmill and cycling workstations. Search criteria explored Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases. The review included studies concerning adults using at least two types of active workstations, evaluating biomechanical, physiological work performance and/or psychobiological outcomes. Twelve original articles were included. Treadmill workstations induced greater movement/activity and greater muscular activity in the upper limbs compared with standing workstations. Treadmill and cycling workstations resulted in elevated heart rate, decreased ambulatory blood pressure and increased energy expenditure during the workday compared with standing workstations. Treadmill workstations reduced fine motor skill function (ie, typing, mouse pointing and combined keyboard/mouse tasks) compared with cycling and standing workstations. Cycling workstations resulted in improved simple processing task speeds compared with standing and treadmill workstations. Treadmill and cycling workstations increased arousal and decreased boredom compared with standing workstations. The benefits associated with each type of active workstation (eg, standing, treadmill, cycling) may not be equivalent. Overall, cycling and treadmill workstations appear to provide greater short-term physiological changes than standing workstations that could potentially lead to better health. Cycling, treadmill and standing workstations appear to show short-term productivity benefits; however, treadmill workstations can reduce the performance of computer tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Dupont
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Mickael Begon
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Lecot
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Dynamic Office Workstations: Initial Insights into User Usability Evaluations and Motivation. J UOEH 2018; 40:277-286. [PMID: 30568079 DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.40.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic office workstations present a promising way to address the problem of inactivity at work, as they combine light physical activity with office tasks. In order to overcome the lack of structured implementation of such devices in office environments and the difficulty of stimulating employees to engage in healthy behaviors, the aim of this study was to investigate employees' motivation and perceived usability (e.g. operability) regarding the use of dynamic office workstations. Two different types of devices were made available to 30 employees (13 females, 17 males, mean ± SD = 43 ± 11.51 years) for 6 weeks. Motivation to the use of the workstations was assessed pre- and post-intervention, and usability was assessed post-intervention. Descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon tests were conducted. Employees reported the usability of the workstations to be acceptable, as they did not impede their work activities, whilst they were autonomously motivated towards using either workstation. Dynamic office workstations are suitable for daily use, although a flexible use of such devices should be guaranteed, depending on the task at hand.
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Shrestha N, Kukkonen‐Harjula KT, Verbeek JH, Ijaz S, Hermans V, Pedisic Z. Workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 12:CD010912. [PMID: 30556590 PMCID: PMC6517221 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010912.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of people are employed in sedentary occupations. Physical inactivity and excessive sitting at workplaces have been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and all-cause mortality. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of workplace interventions to reduce sitting at work compared to no intervention or alternative interventions. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, OSH UPDATE, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) search portal up to 9 August 2017. We also screened reference lists of articles and contacted authors to find more studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cross-over RCTs, cluster-randomised controlled trials (cluster-RCTs), and quasi-RCTs of interventions to reduce sitting at work. For changes of workplace arrangements, we also included controlled before-and-after studies. The primary outcome was time spent sitting at work per day, either self-reported or measured using devices such as an accelerometer-inclinometer and duration and number of sitting bouts lasting 30 minutes or more. We considered energy expenditure, total time spent sitting (including sitting at and outside work), time spent standing at work, work productivity and adverse events as secondary outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full-text articles for study eligibility. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We contacted authors for additional data where required. MAIN RESULTS We found 34 studies - including two cross-over RCTs, 17 RCTs, seven cluster-RCTs, and eight controlled before-and-after studies - with a total of 3,397 participants, all from high-income countries. The studies evaluated physical workplace changes (16 studies), workplace policy changes (four studies), information and counselling (11 studies), and multi-component interventions (four studies). One study included both physical workplace changes and information and counselling components. We did not find any studies that specifically investigated the effects of standing meetings or walking meetings on sitting time.Physical workplace changesInterventions using sit-stand desks, either alone or in combination with information and counselling, reduced sitting time at work on average by 100 minutes per workday at short-term follow-up (up to three months) compared to sit-desks (95% confidence interval (CI) -116 to -84, 10 studies, low-quality evidence). The pooled effect of two studies showed sit-stand desks reduced sitting time at medium-term follow-up (3 to 12 months) by an average of 57 minutes per day (95% CI -99 to -15) compared to sit-desks. Total sitting time (including sitting at and outside work) also decreased with sit-stand desks compared to sit-desks (mean difference (MD) -82 minutes/day, 95% CI -124 to -39, two studies) as did the duration of sitting bouts lasting 30 minutes or more (MD -53 minutes/day, 95% CI -79 to -26, two studies, very low-quality evidence).We found no significant difference between the effects of standing desks and sit-stand desks on reducing sitting at work. Active workstations, such as treadmill desks or cycling desks, had unclear or inconsistent effects on sitting time.Workplace policy changesWe found no significant effects for implementing walking strategies on workplace sitting time at short-term (MD -15 minutes per day, 95% CI -50 to 19, low-quality evidence, one study) and medium-term (MD -17 minutes/day, 95% CI -61 to 28, one study) follow-up. Short breaks (one to two minutes every half hour) reduced time spent sitting at work on average by 40 minutes per day (95% CI -66 to -15, one study, low-quality evidence) compared to long breaks (two 15-minute breaks per workday) at short-term follow-up.Information and counsellingProviding information, feedback, counselling, or all of these resulted in no significant change in time spent sitting at work at short-term follow-up (MD -19 minutes per day, 95% CI -57 to 19, two studies, low-quality evidence). However, the reduction was significant at medium-term follow-up (MD -28 minutes per day, 95% CI -51 to -5, two studies, low-quality evidence).Computer prompts combined with information resulted in no significant change in sitting time at work at short-term follow-up (MD -14 minutes per day, 95% CI -39 to 10, three studies, low-quality evidence), but at medium-term follow-up they produced a significant reduction (MD -55 minutes per day, 95% CI -96 to -14, one study). Furthermore, computer prompting resulted in a significant decrease in the average number (MD -1.1, 95% CI -1.9 to -0.3, one study) and duration (MD -74 minutes per day, 95% CI -124 to -24, one study) of sitting bouts lasting 30 minutes or more.Computer prompts with instruction to stand reduced sitting at work on average by 14 minutes per day (95% CI 10 to 19, one study) more than computer prompts with instruction to walk at least 100 steps at short-term follow-up.We found no significant reduction in workplace sitting time at medium-term follow-up following mindfulness training (MD -23 minutes per day, 95% CI -63 to 17, one study, low-quality evidence). Similarly a single study reported no change in sitting time at work following provision of highly personalised or contextualised information and less personalised or contextualised information. One study found no significant effects of activity trackers on sitting time at work.Multi-component interventions Combining multiple interventions had significant but heterogeneous effects on sitting time at work (573 participants, three studies, very low-quality evidence) and on time spent in prolonged sitting bouts (two studies, very low-quality evidence) at short-term follow-up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS At present there is low-quality evidence that the use of sit-stand desks reduce workplace sitting at short-term and medium-term follow-ups. However, there is no evidence on their effects on sitting over longer follow-up periods. Effects of other types of interventions, including workplace policy changes, provision of information and counselling, and multi-component interventions, are mostly inconsistent. The quality of evidence is low to very low for most interventions, mainly because of limitations in study protocols and small sample sizes. There is a need for larger cluster-RCTs with longer-term follow-ups to determine the effectiveness of different types of interventions to reduce sitting time at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Shrestha
- Victoria UniversityInstitute for Health and Sport (IHES)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Katriina T Kukkonen‐Harjula
- South Karelia Social and Health Care District EksoteRehabilitationValto Käkelän katu 3 BLappeenrantaFinland53130
| | - Jos H Verbeek
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthCochrane Work Review GroupTYÖTERVEYSLAITOSFinlandFI‐70032
| | - Sharea Ijaz
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolNIHR CLAHRC West at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation TrustLewins Mead, Whitefriars BuildingBristolUKBS1 2NT
| | - Veerle Hermans
- Vrije Universiteit BrusselFaculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & PharmacyPleinlaan 2BrusselsBelgium1050
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Victoria UniversityInstitute for Health and Sport (IHES)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Baker R, Coenen P, Howie E, Lee J, Williamson A, Straker L. Musculoskeletal and Cognitive Effects of a Movement Intervention During Prolonged Standing for Office Work. HUMAN FACTORS 2018; 60:947-961. [PMID: 29995441 DOI: 10.1177/0018720818783945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether use of a movement intervention when undertaking prolonged standing affected discomfort and cognitive function. BACKGROUND Alternate work positions to break up prolonged sitting for office workers are being trialed, such as standing. Prolonged standing has potential negative health implications, including low back and lower limb discomfort, and may influence cognitive function. Introducing movement during standing may provide a healthy and productive alternative work posture. METHOD Twenty adult participants undertook a laboratory study of 2 hr of standing and standing with movement (using a footrest) while performing computer work. Changes in discomfort and cognitive function, with muscle fatigue, low back angle, pelvis movement, lower limb swelling, and mental state, were investigated. RESULTS Discomfort increased significantly over time across all body regions. Ankle/foot differed between conditions (incident rate ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.89 [1.10-3.23]), with higher discomfort during standing with movement. Creative problem-solving errors increased during standing with movement and decreased during standing (Time × Condition: β = 0.64 [0.10-1.18]), with no other cognitive function measure differences. Mental state deteriorated over time for both conditions, greater during standing with movement (Time × Condition: β = 2.44 [0.23-4.66]). No significant interaction effects were found for the other outcome variables. CONCLUSION Standing with movement provided no advantage in discomfort or cognitive function. There were some negative effects for ankle/foot discomfort and creative problem solving. An alternate footrest design and protocol for use may yield more favorable results. APPLICATION Based on the results from this study, footrest use to raise alternative foot for forced 5-min intervals would not be recommended to assist with managing discomfort while prolonged standing in workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pieter Coenen
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erin Howie
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
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Bouwens JMA, Fasulo L, Hiemstra-van Mastrigt S, Schultheis UW, Naddeo A, Vink P. Effect of in-seat exercising on comfort perception of airplane passengers. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2018; 73:7-12. [PMID: 30098644 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sitting still for extended periods of time can lead to physical discomfort and even serious health risks. Due to safety regulations, reducing passenger' sitting time in aircrafts is not feasible. This paper presents the results of a laboratory study, in where an interactive airplane seat was compared with a current economy class seat. Participants used both seats for 3.5 h, and performed significantly more in-seat movements when using the interactive seating system. Furthermore, this interactive seat predominantly lead to significantly better comfort experiences and reduced discomfort experiences, however no significant differences have been found in self-reported localized musculoskeletal discomfort. Passengers indicated that they would prefer this interactive seat over a standard aircraft seat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce M A Bouwens
- Zodiac Seats US, Department of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 2000 Weber Dr, Gainesville, TX 76240, USA; Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Landbergstraat 15, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Luisa Fasulo
- Università Degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Suzanne Hiemstra-van Mastrigt
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Landbergstraat 15, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alessandro Naddeo
- Università Degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Peter Vink
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Landbergstraat 15, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands
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Magnon V, Vallet GT, Auxiette C. Sedentary Behavior at Work and Cognitive Functioning: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2018; 6:239. [PMID: 30234085 PMCID: PMC6127206 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is now well-established that sedentarity has a negative impact on the physiological functioning and health of humans, whereas very little is known about the psychological repercussions, especially in cognitive functioning. Yet, studying the cognitive effects of the sedentary lifestyle is particularly relevant in the short term for productivity and in the long term for cognitive health (accelerated aging). This systematic review therefore aims to make an inventory of the potential cognitive effects of sedentarity at the workplace. Methods: Pubmed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for English-language peer-reviewed articles published between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2017 to identify studies including sedentary behavior and objective measures from cognitive domains (cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, etc.). To carry out this systematic review, the 3 keywords "Sedentary" and "Cognition" and "Work" (and their derivatives) had to appear in the title or in the summary of the paper. Results: Of the 13 papers that met the inclusion criteria, 9 were short-term interventions, 3 medium-term interventions, and 1 long-term intervention. Nine of them reported non-significant results. Two studies study reported deterioration in cognitive performance. Two reported an improvement in performance in cognitive tasks with one study with overweight adults and the only one study with a long-term intervention. However, these studies intend to reduce sedentary behavior, but do not allow answering the question of the potential cognitive effects of the sedentary lifestyle. Conclusion: These data suggest that sedentary behavior is not associated with changes in cognitive performance in interventions that intend to reduce sedentary behavior. Then, and given the trend toward increased time in sedentary behavior, long-term prospective studies of high methodological quality are recommended to clarify the relationships between sedentary behavior and the cognitive functioning. Our systematic review identifies also the need for retrospective, longitudinal, or epidemiologic studies. It also recognizes the need to standardize methodology for collecting, defining, and reporting sedentary behavior and the need to standardize the cognitive tests used. The relationship between sedentary behavior and cognitive functioning remaining uncertain, further studies are warranted for which 8 recommendations are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Magnon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UFR de Psychologie, Sciences Sociales, Sciences de l'Éducation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Hauke A, Flaspöler E, Reinert D. Proactive prevention in occupational safety and health: how to identify tomorrow's prevention priorities and preventive measures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2018; 26:181-193. [PMID: 29663865 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2018.1465677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Global trends such as digitalization, globalization and demographic change are changing workplaces, and accordingly occupational safety and health (OSH) needs. To better prepare for the future and to foster proactive prevention, the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV) established an OSH risk observatory (RO OSH). Methods. The RO OSH relies on an online survey and calls upon the expertise of labour inspectors. In total, 398 labour inspectors participated in the first RO OSH enquiry. They rated developments with regard to their sector-specific relevance for OSH in the near future. The RO OSH also provides ideas for preventive measures that can be implemented by the German Social Accident Insurance Institutions. Results. Work intensity, demographic aspects and digitalization play a major role for most or all sectors. However, familiar OSH issues such as musculoskeletal strain and noise also continue to be of major importance and require further consideration and specific solutions in prevention. Outlook. For the DGUV, training and consulting have great potential for proactive prevention in these priority areas, e.g., by fostering a prevention culture and supporting companies in (psychosocial) risk assessment (also for mobile work). For instance, concepts for increasing physical activity at sedentary workplaces and data security require continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Hauke
- Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA), Germany
| | - Eva Flaspöler
- Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA), Germany
| | - Dietmar Reinert
- Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA), Germany
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Baker R, Coenen P, Howie E, Lee J, Williamson A, Straker L. A detailed description of the short-term musculoskeletal and cognitive effects of prolonged standing for office computer work. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:877-890. [PMID: 29388500 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1420825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to concerns about excessive sedentary exposure for office workers, alternate work positions such as standing are being trialled. However, prolonged standing may have health and productivity impacts, which this study assessed. Twenty adult participants undertook two hours of laboratory-based standing computer work to investigate changes in discomfort and cognitive function, along with muscle fatigue, movement, lower limb swelling and mental state. Over time, discomfort increased in all body areas (total body IRR [95% confidence interval]: 1.47[1.36-1.59]). Sustained attention reaction time (β = 18.25[8.00-28.51]) deteriorated, while creative problem solving improved (β = 0.89[0.29-1.49]). There was no change in erector spinae, rectus femoris, biceps femoris or tibialis anterior muscle fatigue; low back angle changed towards less lordosis, pelvis movement increased, lower limb swelling increased and mental state decreased. Body discomfort was positively correlated with mental state. The observed changes suggest replacing office work sitting with standing should be done with caution. Practitioner Summary: Standing is being used to replace sitting by office workers; however, there are health risks associated with prolonged standing. In a laboratory study involving 2 h prolonged standing discomfort increased (all body areas), reaction time and mental state deteriorated while creative problem-solving improved. Prolonged standing should be undertaken with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richelle Baker
- a Faculty of Health Science, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Pieter Coenen
- a Faculty of Health Science, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
- b Department of Public and Occupational Health , Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Erin Howie
- a Faculty of Health Science, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
- c Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , USA
| | - Jeremy Lee
- a Faculty of Health Science, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Ann Williamson
- d Faculty of Science, School of Aviation , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Leon Straker
- a Faculty of Health Science, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
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Shrestha N, Kukkonen‐Harjula KT, Verbeek JH, Ijaz S, Hermans V, Pedisic Z. Workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 6:CD010912. [PMID: 29926475 PMCID: PMC6513236 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010912.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of people are employed in sedentary occupations. Physical inactivity and excessive sitting at workplaces have been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and all-cause mortality. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of workplace interventions to reduce sitting at work compared to no intervention or alternative interventions. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, OSH UPDATE, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) search portal up to 9 August 2017. We also screened reference lists of articles and contacted authors to find more studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cross-over RCTs, cluster-randomised controlled trials (cluster-RCTs), and quasi-RCTs of interventions to reduce sitting at work. For changes of workplace arrangements, we also included controlled before-and-after studies. The primary outcome was time spent sitting at work per day, either self-reported or measured using devices such as an accelerometer-inclinometer and duration and number of sitting bouts lasting 30 minutes or more. We considered energy expenditure, total time spent sitting (including sitting at and outside work), time spent standing at work, work productivity and adverse events as secondary outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full-text articles for study eligibility. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We contacted authors for additional data where required. MAIN RESULTS We found 34 studies - including two cross-over RCTs, 17 RCTs, seven cluster-RCTs, and eight controlled before-and-after studies - with a total of 3,397 participants, all from high-income countries. The studies evaluated physical workplace changes (16 studies), workplace policy changes (four studies), information and counselling (11 studies), and multi-component interventions (four studies). One study included both physical workplace changes and information and counselling components. We did not find any studies that specifically investigated the effects of standing meetings or walking meetings on sitting time.Physical workplace changesInterventions using sit-stand desks, either alone or in combination with information and counselling, reduced sitting time at work on average by 100 minutes per workday at short-term follow-up (up to three months) compared to sit-desks (95% confidence interval (CI) -116 to -84, 10 studies, low-quality evidence). The pooled effect of two studies showed sit-stand desks reduced sitting time at medium-term follow-up (3 to 12 months) by an average of 57 minutes per day (95% CI -99 to -15) compared to sit-desks. Total sitting time (including sitting at and outside work) also decreased with sit-stand desks compared to sit-desks (mean difference (MD) -82 minutes/day, 95% CI -124 to -39, two studies) as did the duration of sitting bouts lasting 30 minutes or more (MD -53 minutes/day, 95% CI -79 to -26, two studies, very low-quality evidence).We found no significant difference between the effects of standing desks and sit-stand desks on reducing sitting at work. Active workstations, such as treadmill desks or cycling desks, had unclear or inconsistent effects on sitting time.Workplace policy changesWe found no significant effects for implementing walking strategies on workplace sitting time at short-term (MD -15 minutes per day, 95% CI -50 to 19, low-quality evidence, one study) and medium-term (MD -17 minutes/day, 95% CI -61 to 28, one study) follow-up. Short breaks (one to two minutes every half hour) reduced time spent sitting at work on average by 40 minutes per day (95% CI -66 to -15, one study, low-quality evidence) compared to long breaks (two 15-minute breaks per workday) at short-term follow-up.Information and counsellingProviding information, feedback, counselling, or all of these resulted in no significant change in time spent sitting at work at short-term follow-up (MD -19 minutes per day, 95% CI -57 to 19, two studies, low-quality evidence). However, the reduction was significant at medium-term follow-up (MD -28 minutes per day, 95% CI -51 to -5, two studies, low-quality evidence).Computer prompts combined with information resulted in no significant change in sitting time at work at short-term follow-up (MD -10 minutes per day, 95% CI -45 to 24, two studies, low-quality evidence), but at medium-term follow-up they produced a significant reduction (MD -55 minutes per day, 95% CI -96 to -14, one study). Furthermore, computer prompting resulted in a significant decrease in the average number (MD -1.1, 95% CI -1.9 to -0.3, one study) and duration (MD -74 minutes per day, 95% CI -124 to -24, one study) of sitting bouts lasting 30 minutes or more.Computer prompts with instruction to stand reduced sitting at work on average by 14 minutes per day (95% CI 10 to 19, one study) more than computer prompts with instruction to walk at least 100 steps at short-term follow-up.We found no significant reduction in workplace sitting time at medium-term follow-up following mindfulness training (MD -23 minutes per day, 95% CI -63 to 17, one study, low-quality evidence). Similarly a single study reported no change in sitting time at work following provision of highly personalised or contextualised information and less personalised or contextualised information. One study found no significant effects of activity trackers on sitting time at work.Multi-component interventions Combining multiple interventions had significant but heterogeneous effects on sitting time at work (573 participants, three studies, very low-quality evidence) and on time spent in prolonged sitting bouts (two studies, very low-quality evidence) at short-term follow-up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS At present there is low-quality evidence that the use of sit-stand desks reduce workplace sitting at short-term and medium-term follow-ups. However, there is no evidence on their effects on sitting over longer follow-up periods. Effects of other types of interventions, including workplace policy changes, provision of information and counselling, and multi-component interventions, are mostly inconsistent. The quality of evidence is low to very low for most interventions, mainly because of limitations in study protocols and small sample sizes. There is a need for larger cluster-RCTs with longer-term follow-ups to determine the effectiveness of different types of interventions to reduce sitting time at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Shrestha
- Victoria UniversityInstitute for Health and Sport (IHES)MelbourneAustralia
| | - Katriina T Kukkonen‐Harjula
- South Karelia Social and Health Care District EksoteRehabilitationValto Käkelän katu 3 BLappeenrantaFinland53130
| | - Jos H Verbeek
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthCochrane Work Review GroupTYÖTERVEYSLAITOSFinlandFI‐70032
| | - Sharea Ijaz
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolNIHR CLAHRC West at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation TrustLewins Mead, Whitefriars BuildingBristolUKBS1 2NT
| | - Veerle Hermans
- Vrije Universiteit BrusselFaculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & PharmacyPleinlaan 2BrusselsBelgium1050
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Victoria UniversityInstitute for Health and Sport (IHES)MelbourneAustralia
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Implementation of Active Workstations in University Libraries-A Comparison of Portable Pedal Exercise Machines and Standing Desks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061242. [PMID: 29895760 PMCID: PMC6024930 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary behaviors are an important issue worldwide, as prolonged sitting time has been associated with health problems. Recently, active workstations have been developed as a strategy to counteract sedentary behaviors. The present study examined the rationale and perceptions of university students’ and staff following their first use of an active workstation in library settings. Ninety-nine volunteers completed a self-administered questionnaire after using a portable pedal exercise machine (PPEM) or a standing desk (SD). Computer tasks were performed on the SD (p = 0.001) and paperwork tasks on a PPEM (p = 0.037) to a larger extent. Men preferred the SD and women chose the PPEM (p = 0.037). The appreciation of the PPEM was revealed to be higher than for the SD, due to its higher scores for effective, useful, functional, convenient, and comfortable dimensions. Younger participants (<25 years of age) found the active workstation more pleasant to use than older participants, and participants who spent between 4 to 8 h per day in a seated position found active workstations were more effective and convenient than participants sitting fewer than 4 h per day. The results of this study are a preliminary step to better understanding the feasibility and acceptability of active workstations on university campuses.
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Schwartz B, Kapellusch JM, Schrempf A, Probst K, Haller M, Baca A. Effect of alternating postures on cognitive performance for healthy people performing sedentary work. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:778-795. [PMID: 29235967 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1417642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged sitting is a risk factor for several diseases and the prevalence of worksite-based interventions such as sit-to-stand workstations is increasing. Although their impact on sedentary behaviour has been regularly investigated, the effect of working in alternating body postures on cognitive performance is unclear. To address this uncertainty, 45 students participated in a two-arm, randomised controlled cross-over trial under laboratory conditions. Subjects executed validated cognitive tests (working speed, reaction time, concentration performance) either in sitting or alternating working postures on two separate days (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02863731). MANOVA results showed no significant difference in cognitive performance between trials executed in alternating, standing or sitting postures. Perceived workload did not differ between sitting and alternating days. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant learning effects regarding concentration performance and working speed for both days. These results suggest that working posture did not affect cognitive performance in the short term. Practitioner Summary: Prior reports indicated health-related benefits based on alternated (sit/stand) body postures. Nevertheless, their effect on cognitive performance is unknown. This randomised controlled trial showed that working in alternating body postures did not influence reaction time, concentration performance, working speed or workload perception in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Schwartz
- a Department of Sport Science , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Jay M Kapellusch
- b Department of Occupational Science & Technology , University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Andreas Schrempf
- c Department of Medical Engineering , University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria , Linz , Austria
| | - Kathrin Probst
- d Media Interactive Lab , University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria , Hagenberg , Austria
| | - Michael Haller
- d Media Interactive Lab , University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria , Hagenberg , Austria
| | - Arnold Baca
- a Department of Sport Science , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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Metabolic Rate during a Cognitive Vigilance Challenge at Alternative Workstations. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:e307-e311. [PMID: 29465515 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare energy expenditure (EE, kcal/min) at three workstations during an attention-demanding cognitive function task (Test of Variables of Attention or TOVA). Workstations included the seated desk (SIT), standing desk (STAND), and seated workstation designed to promote spontaneous movement (SWING). METHODS Adult males (n = 11) and females (n = 13) were assessed for EE using VO2 and VCO2 per quarter of the 22-min TOVA. RESULTS Average EE were 1.39 ± 0.06 (SIT), 1.55 ± 0.08 (SWING), and 1.44 ± 0.08 (STAND). Main effects (P < 0.05) were seen for workstation (SWING, STAND > SIT), and quarter of TOVA (Q2 < Q1,Q3,Q4). TOVA errors and response times were not different for workstations but increased for Q3 and Q4. CONCLUSION Spontaneous movement at an alternative workstation elevated EE 10% to 11% compared with sitting and could increase daily nonexercise activity thermogenesis without diminishing mental attention to desk work.
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Office-Cycling: A Promising Way to Raise Pain Thresholds and Increase Metabolism with Minimal Compromising of Work Performance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5427201. [PMID: 29607323 PMCID: PMC5828532 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5427201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim Establishing the effects of low intensity cycling (LC), moderate intensity cycling (MC), and standing at a simulated office workstation on pain modulation, work performance, and metabolic expenditure. Methods 36 healthy adults (21 females), mean age 26.8 (SD 7.6) years, partook in this randomized 3 × 3 crossover trial with 75 minutes of LC on 20% of maximum aerobic power (MAP) output, 30 minutes of MC on 50% of MAP, and standing 30 minutes with 48-hour wash-out periods. Outcome measures were pain modulation (pressure pain threshold (PPT) and thermal pain threshold)), work performance (transcription, mouse pointing, and cognitive performance), and metabolic expenditure. Results PPTs increased in all conditions. PPT trapezius showed the highest increase after LC, 39.3 kilopascals (kPa) (15.6; 78.6), compared to MC, 17.0 kPa (2.8; 49.9), and standing, 16.8 kPa (-5.6; 39.4), p = 0.015. Transcription was reduced during LC and MC. Mouse pointing precision was best during standing and worst and slowest during MC. Cognitive performance did not differ between conditions. Metabolic expenditure rates were 1.4 (1.3; 1.7), 3.3 (2.3; 3.7), and 7.5 (5.8; 8.7) kcal/minute during standing, LC, and MC, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions LC seems to be the preferred option; it raised PPTs, more than doubled metabolic expenditure, whilst minimally influencing work performance.
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Smith NJG, Butawan M, Caldwell J, Bloomer RJ. Use of a Standing Desk Increases Energy Expenditure in Obese but Not Normal Weight Subjects. Health (London) 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2018.107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mohammadi S, Mokhtarinia HR, Jafarpisheh AS, Kasaeian A, Osqueizadeh R. Investigating the Effects of Different Working Postures on Cognitive Performance. JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.21859/jrehab.18.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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