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Cameron JI, Chu LM, Matte A, Tomlinson G, Chan L, Thomas C, Friedrich JO, Mehta S, Lamontagne F, Levasseur M, Ferguson ND, Adhikari NKJ, Rudkowski JC, Meggison H, Skrobik Y, Flannery J, Bayley M, Batt J, dos Santos C, Abbey SE, Tan A, Lo V, Mathur S, Parotto M, Morris D, Flockhart L, Fan E, Lee CM, Wilcox ME, Ayas N, Choong K, Fowler R, Scales DC, Sinuff T, Cuthbertson BH, Rose L, Robles P, Burns S, Cypel M, Singer L, Chaparro C, Chow CW, Keshavjee S, Brochard L, Hébert P, Slutsky AS, Marshall JC, Cook D, Herridge MS. One-Year Outcomes in Caregivers of Critically Ill Patients. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:1831-41. [PMID: 27168433 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1511160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few resources are available to support caregivers of patients who have survived critical illness; consequently, the caregivers' own health may suffer. We studied caregiver and patient characteristics to determine which characteristics were associated with caregivers' health outcomes during the first year after patient discharge from an intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS We prospectively enrolled 280 caregivers of patients who had received 7 or more days of mechanical ventilation in an ICU. Using hospital data and self-administered questionnaires, we collected information on caregiver and patient characteristics, including caregiver depressive symptoms, psychological well-being, health-related quality of life, sense of control over life, and effect of providing care on other activities. Assessments occurred 7 days and 3, 6, and 12 months after ICU discharge. RESULTS The caregivers' mean age was 53 years, 70% were women, and 61% were caring for a spouse. A large percentage of caregivers (67% initially and 43% at 1 year) reported high levels of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms decreased at least partially with time in 84% of the caregivers but did not in 16%. Variables that were significantly associated with worse mental health outcomes in caregivers were younger age, greater effect of patient care on other activities, less social support, less sense of control over life, and less personal growth. No patient variables were consistently associated with caregiver outcomes over time. CONCLUSIONS In this study, most caregivers of critically ill patients reported high levels of depressive symptoms, which commonly persisted up to 1 year and did not decrease in some caregivers. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00896220.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill I Cameron
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Leslie M Chu
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Andrea Matte
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - George Tomlinson
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Linda Chan
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Claire Thomas
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Jan O Friedrich
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Sangeeta Mehta
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Francois Lamontagne
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Melanie Levasseur
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Niall D Ferguson
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Neill K J Adhikari
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Jill C Rudkowski
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Hilary Meggison
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Yoanna Skrobik
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - John Flannery
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Mark Bayley
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Jane Batt
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Claudia dos Santos
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Susan E Abbey
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Adrienne Tan
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Vincent Lo
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Sunita Mathur
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Matteo Parotto
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Denise Morris
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Linda Flockhart
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Eddy Fan
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Christie M Lee
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - M Elizabeth Wilcox
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Najib Ayas
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Karen Choong
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Robert Fowler
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Damon C Scales
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Tasnim Sinuff
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Brian H Cuthbertson
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Louise Rose
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Priscila Robles
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Stacey Burns
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Lianne Singer
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Cecilia Chaparro
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Chung-Wai Chow
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Laurent Brochard
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Paul Hébert
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - John C Marshall
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Deborah Cook
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
| | - Margaret S Herridge
- From the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.I.C., L.C.), Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (J.I.C., S.Mathur, P.R.), Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (J.I.C., J.F., M.B.), Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network (L.M.C., A.M., G.T., C.T., N.D.F., J.F., M.B., V.L., M.P., D.M., L.F., E.F., M.E.W., P.R., S.B., M.C., L.S., C.C., C.-W.C., S.K., M.S.H.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (J.O.F., S. Mehta, N.D.F., N.K.J.A., J.B., C.S., M.P., C.M.L., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., C.C., C.-W.C., L.B., A.S.S., M.S.H.), Departments of Medicine and Critical Care (J.O.F., J.B., C.S., L.R., L.B., J.C.M.) and Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.B., A.S.S., J.C.M.), St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital (S. Mehta, C.M.L., L.R., L.S.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (N.K.J.A., R.F., D.C.S., T.S., B.H.C., L.R.), Interdepartmental Division of Physiatry (J.F., M.B.), Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network (S.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Therapy (S. Mathur), University of Toronto, Toronto, the Departments of General Internal Medicine and Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare (J.C.R.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (K.C.) and Medicine (D.C.), Division of Critical Care and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (F.L., P.H.) and the School of Rehabilitation and Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre (M.L.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, the Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (H.M.), the Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care, Maisonneuve Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal (Y.S.), and the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's H
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