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Acolatse L, Pourshahidi LK, Logue C, McCann MT, Kerr MA. Child food portion sizes in the home environment: how do parents decide? Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:386-393. [PMID: 36866645 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of larger portion sizes (PS) of food has been implicated in the increased prevalence of childhood obesity. The home is usually the first place children learn about food, however, little is known about how parents determine child PS in the home environment. This narrative review aimed to explore parental beliefs, decisions, strategies and barriers to the provision of appropriate food PS for children in the home environment. Results indicate that parental decisions on child food PS are based on the amounts they serve themselves, personal intuition and knowledge of child appetite. Owing to the habitual nature of food provision, parental decisions on child PS may be taken without conscious thought and/or could be part of a complex decision-making process influenced by several interlinked factors, including parental childhood mealtime experiences, other family members and child weight status. Strategies to determine child-appropriate PS include modelling the desired PS behaviour, use of unit-based food packaging and PS estimation aids, and providing the child with a degree of autonomy to rely on their own appetite cues. A lack of knowledge/awareness of PS guidance is a key barrier identified by parents to the provision of age-appropriate PS, warranting the inclusion of salient child-appropriate PS guidance within national dietary recommendations. Further home-based interventions to improve the provision of appropriate child PS are required, leveraged on parental strategies already in use, as outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Acolatse
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Caomhan Logue
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mary T McCann
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Maeve A Kerr
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Fenta ET, Tiruneh MG, Anagaw TF. Exploring Enablers and Barriers of Healthy Dietary Behavior Based on the Socio-Ecological Model, a Qualitative Systematic Review. NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2023. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s395444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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3
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Baghlaf K, Bormah D, Hakami A, Bagher SM. The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Children in Saudi Arabia: A Mixed-Methods Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234972. [PMID: 36501000 PMCID: PMC9737372 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In 2020, there seems to have been a global shift in lifestyle and eating habits with the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the ensuing lockdowns implemented by national governments. This study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on SSBs consumption among healthy 6-11 years old children in Saudi Arabia; (2) Methods: This is a mixed-methods study, incorporating a quantitative component, which was a validated Arabic online questionnaire completed by parents, and a qualitative component, involving structured interviews with 10 selected parents using a criterion sampling method; (3) Results: There was a small decrease in consumption reported during lockdown across all SSBs types (soft drinks, n = 58 (13.9%); juices: n = 115 (27.6%); flavored milk: n = 93 (22.3%)). The results showed that with every increase in the dental pain scale there was a positive odd (AOR:0.64; p = 0.001) of decreased consumption of SSBs. Several themes related to increase and decrease SSBs consumption emerged; (4) Conclusions: There was a small decrease in SSBs consumption during lockdown reported by parents. Several themes emerged that can be used to strategize against problematic eating behavior, enabling such provisions as family dietary interventions, which target both parents and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khlood Baghlaf
- Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-505362648
| | - Dania Bormah
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Hakami
- Saudi Board Residency Program, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara M. Bagher
- Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Nagge KA, Finch S, Rossiter MD. Family Feeding Practices of Parents on Prince Edward Island: A Focus on Responsive Feeding. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2022; 83:198-202. [PMID: 36004725 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2022-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The home environment and parental influence are strong predictors of eating behaviours in young children and can influence healthy development. The objective of this study was to describe the feeding practices of a sample of families on Prince Edward Island. Eleven parent participants were recruited, one-on-one interviews were held, and a thematic analysis was conducted. Conversations with parents revealed that the family feeding environment is influenced by a multitude of factors that change daily and need to be navigated based on the age of the child. Parents saw family meals as time together and an opportunity to model healthy eating behaviours; however, they faced several challenges at mealtimes, including perceived picky eating. Parents recognized their children's hunger and satiety cues, although they respected satiety signals more often if children ate what they perceived as a lot of food. Many parents used food as a reward to encourage their children to eat more but recognized that it could lead to the development of undesirable habits. Despite the complex factors that influence feeding, dietitians can work with families to foster a responsive feeding environment by encouraging family meals, recognizing and respecting hunger and satiety cues, and understanding typical changes in eating behaviours as children age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A Nagge
- Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
| | - Sarah Finch
- Assistant Professor, Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
| | - Melissa D Rossiter
- Associate Professor Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
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Fraser K, Love P, Campbell KJ, Ball K, Opie RS. Meal kits in the family setting: Impacts on family dynamics, nutrition, social and mental health. Appetite 2021; 169:105816. [PMID: 34801628 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Families face many barriers in providing nutritious home-cooked family meals. Meal kit subscription services are increasingly popular among families and may address obstacles to cooking at home and facilitate shared family meals. This study aimed to understand why families use meal kits and what they perceived to be the main impacts on family dynamics, nutrition, social and mental health. Sixteen primary meal providers with at least one child 18 years and under living at home, were recruited via social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter) to participate in a semi-structured interview using Zoom videoconferencing. Interviews were conducted with participants who currently purchased and used commercially available meal kits in Australia (e.g., HelloFresh, Marley Spoon). Thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed that women, as the primary carers responsible for family meals, primarily reported the role that meal kits played in reducing their mental load through reduced food-related decision making, enhanced family participation in meal preparation, and opportunities for food literacy. Additionally, meal kits were reported to reduce food eaten away-from-home with the majority of participants perceiving meal kits to provide nutritionally dense meals and appropriate portion sizes aligned with National dietary guidelines. This study provides important insights into the potential physical, mental and social health benefits of meal kits in supporting families to cook and eat meals together at home. While meal kits have the capacity to positively influence population health and wellbeing, it is necessary that meal kit subscription services address the nutritional quality of their meals and provide evidence-based nutrition messaging to facilitate improvements in food literacy and nutritional intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Fraser
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria, 3125, Australia.
| | - Penny Love
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Karen J Campbell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Kylie Ball
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Rachelle S Opie
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria, 3125, Australia
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Baranowski T, Thompson D, Hughes SO, O’Connor TM. Precision Food Parenting: A Proposed Conceptual Model and Research Agenda. Nutrients 2021; 13:3650. [PMID: 34684651 PMCID: PMC8538596 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine, nutrition and behavioral interventions are attempting to move beyond the specification of therapies applied to groups, since some people benefit, some do not and some are harmed by the same therapy. Instead, precision therapies are attempting to employ diverse sets of data to individualize or tailor interventions to optimize the benefits for the receiving individuals. The benefits to be achieved are mostly in the distant future, but the research needs to start now. While precision pediatric nutrition will combine diverse demographic, behavioral and biological variables to specify the optimal foods a child should eat to optimize health, precision food parenting will combine diverse parent and child psychosocial and related variables to identify the optimal parenting practices to help a specific child accept and consume the precision nutrition specified foods. This paper presents a conceptual overview and hypothetical model of factors we believe are needed to operationalize precision food parenting and a proposed research agenda to better understand the many specified relationships, how they change over the age of the child, and how to operationalize them to encourage food parenting practices most likely to be effective at promoting healthy child food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.T.); (S.O.H.); (T.M.O.)
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Nelson JA, Holub SC. Mothers' and fathers' perceptions of daily mealtime coparenting. Appetite 2021; 168:105757. [PMID: 34655666 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study is the first to examine mothers' and fathers' perceptions of mealtime-specific daily coparenting support from their partner. We investigated relations between parents' reports of mealtime-specific coparenting support, global coparenting support, and discrepancies in parents' controlling feeding practices. One-hundred families (67 participating partners) of 3- to 5-year-old children participated. Parents reported daily on coparenting support and feeding practices for seven consecutive days. Preliminary analyses pooling across the week were conducted using correlations, t-tests, and analyses of variance. Although parents' perceptions of global coparenting and mealtime-specific coparenting support were correlated, both mothers and fathers perceived less coparenting support at mealtime than overall in their parenting role. When partners were present at the dinnertime meal, parents perceived greater mealtime coparenting support and mothers also perceived greater global coparenting support from fathers compared to when partners were not present. Using a subsample of families where both mothers and fathers were present at the dinner meal, we used dyadic multilevel models to analyze daily behaviors. These models showed significant daily variability in mothers' mealtime-specific coparenting support from fathers. Fathers' mealtime coparenting support from mothers did not vary day-to-day. On days when mothers perceived greater global coparenting support from their partners, mothers also perceived greater mealtime support. After accounting for the main effects of mothers' and fathers' pressure and restriction, on days when parents reported greater discrepancies between their pressuring feeding practices, mothers perceived less mealtime coparenting support than usual. Results suggest that mealtimes are a challenging context for interparental teamwork, particularly for mothers who receive inconsistent support day-to-day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie A Nelson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Shayla C Holub
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
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Associations between Child Mental Well-Being or Conflicts during Mealtime and Picky Eating Behaviour. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115621. [PMID: 34070271 PMCID: PMC8197404 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pickiness is an eating behavior that many families with young children face. Having joint family meals may impact the child’s pickiness, for instance by influencing their willingness to try novel foods. Moreover, picky children have been shown to display greater emotionality. The aim of this study was to investigate if children’s mental well-being and parent-reported conflicts during mealtime were associated with pickiness among obesity-prone children. Data was obtained from the baseline examination of the Healthy Start intervention study, the Danish Medical Birth registry and the Danish Health Visitor’s Child Health Database, and included 635 children aged 2–6 years that were all at high risk for becoming overweight later in life. Children’s mental well-being was measured by the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Crude and adjusted ordinal logistic regressions were used to investigate the cross-sectional associations. Children had a higher odds associated with changing from a category of less pickiness to a category of more pickiness for each one point higher SDQ score (ORadj. = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.14; 1.61) and lower odds (ORadj. = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38; 0.86) associated with changing pickiness category towards more pickiness for each one point higher SDQ prosocial score. Moreover, children with conflicts during mealtime had higher odds of being in a worse pickiness category compared to children without conflicts (ORadj. = 3.37, 95% CI = 2.27; 5.01). This study showed that among obesity-prone children, behavioral problems, as well as conflicts during mealtime, were associated with more picky behaviors. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the findings, as are studies including general child population subsets.
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Liao HE, Deng YM. The Role of Caregiver's Feeding Pattern in the Association between Parents' and Children's Healthy Eating Behavior: Study in Taichung, Taiwan. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8050369. [PMID: 34066688 PMCID: PMC8151811 DOI: 10.3390/children8050369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While parenting style has been linked with parent feeding behavior (FB), little is known about the role FB plays in the relationship between parents’ eating behavior (PEB) and children’s eating behavior (CEB). Based on social learning theory, we hypothesized that children learn to develop healthy CEB by obeying and imitating parents’ healthy eating and feeding behaviors, and that FB is the mediator between PEB and CEB. In total, 257 survey responses from parents of children up to 5 years old were included in the study. Results indicated that CEB did not differ by children’s age, gender, or birth order; for parents, older age and lower educational levels were associated with less healthy unhealthier FB and PEB. Healthy PEB and FB explained 46.8% and 21.7% of the variance in healthy CEB, respectively. The model confirmed that FB reduced the coefficient of healthy PEB from 0.563 to 0.468 and increased the variance explained from 35.0% to 38.5%. FB was a mediator for PEB and CEB. Discussion covers the complexity of ideal parenting styles and child feeding and their associated effects on CEB in varied environments, including different cultures. We concluded that PEB was the main predictor of CEB, and healthy feeding acted as a mediator.
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Ferrante MJ, Moding KJ, Bellows LL, Bakke AJ, Hayes JE, Johnson SL. Examining Front-of-Package Product Names and Ingredient Lists of Infant and Toddler Food Containing Vegetables. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:96-102. [PMID: 33573771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the alignment between vegetables and fruits listed in the ingredients of commercially produced infant and toddler food (ITF) and inclusion in front-of-package product names. DESIGN A database of commercial ITF containing vegetables (n = 548) was created. Inclusion of each vegetable or fruit in the product name (yes/no), form (ie, whole/puree, juice/juice concentrate, etc), and ingredient list position (ie, first, second) were recorded. Vegetables were classified per US Department of Agriculture categories; fruits were classified into 2 categories. ANALYSIS Chi-square tests of association tested associations between product name inclusion and (1) vegetable and fruit category, (2) form, and (3) form by category. RESULTS Associations were observed between vegetable and fruit categories and inclusion in product names [χ2 (6, N = 1,462) = 70.3, P < 0.001]. Vegetables in the US Department of Agriculture dark green category were more likely to appear in product names (94%; standardized residual [SR] = 2.1), as were other vegetables (62%; SR = 4.9). Vegetable and fruit forms were associated with inclusion in product name [χ2 (4, N = 1,462) = 206.6, P < 0.001]. Juice/juice concentrates were less likely to be included in names (32.4%; SR = -5.4). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Substantial discrepancies exist between ITF ingredient lists and front-of-package product names. When only front-of-package information informs purchases, caregivers may not be purchasing products that facilitate children's building of vegetable preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J Ferrante
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Kameron J Moding
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Laura L Bellows
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Alyssa J Bakke
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - John E Hayes
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Susan L Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.
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Factors influencing engagement and dietary behaviour change of mothers and their children in a blog-delivered healthy eating intervention: a process evaluation of a randomised controlled trial. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:2689-2703. [PMID: 33256887 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002000484x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A randomised controlled trial found no evidence of an impact of a blog written by a registered dietitian (RD) on vegetables and fruit and milk and alternatives (e.g. soya-based beverages, yogurt and cheese) consumption - two food groups included in the 2007 version of the Canadian Food Guide - in mothers and their children compared with a control condition. To investigate these null findings, the current study explored participants' perceptions of engagement with the blog and its influence on their dietary behaviours. DESIGN Mixed methods process evaluation using a post-intervention satisfaction questionnaire and a content analysis of mothers' comments on the blog (n 213 comments). SETTING French-speaking adult mothers living in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (n 26; response rate = 61·9 % of the total sample randomised to exposure to the blog). RESULTS Most mothers (n 20/26; 76·9 %) perceived the blog useful to improve their dietary habits - with the most appreciated blog features being nutritional information and healthy recipes and interactions with fellow participants and the RD. Mothers reported several facilitators (e.g. meal planning and involving children in household food activities) and few barriers (e.g. lack of time and children's food preferences) to maternal and child consumption of vegetables and fruit and milk and alternatives. Lack of time was the principal reported barrier affecting blog engagement. CONCLUSIONS The findings from the current study suggest that blogs written by an RD may be an acceptable format of intervention delivery among mothers, but may not alleviate all the barriers to healthy eating and engagement in a dietary intervention.
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Jongenelis MI, Morley B, Worrall C, Talati Z. Grandparents' perceptions of the barriers and strategies to providing their grandchildren with a healthy diet: A qualitative study. Appetite 2020; 159:105061. [PMID: 33271201 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Grandparents are playing an increasingly important role in shaping their grandchildren's nutritional environment. Evidence-based interventions tailored to grandparents thus constitute a potential means of promoting healthy eating among children. For such interventions to be effective, they must account for the unique issues encountered by grandparents. However, research examining the potential needs of grandparents is limited. The present study thus explored (i) grandparents' perceptions of the barriers to providing their grandchildren with healthy food and minimizing consumption of unhealthy food and (ii) the strategies grandparents believe help increase their grandchildren's consumption of healthy food and reduce intake of unhealthy food. Seventy-nine grandparents, each of whom provided care to at least one grandchild aged 3-12 years, participated in one of ten focus groups. Transcripts from each of the groups were imported into NVivo for qualitative coding and semantic thematic analysis. The food preferences of their grandchildren, the promotion of unhealthy food consumption by their grandchildren's parents, advertising of unhealthy food, and peer pressure were the most frequently cited barriers to healthy food consumption. Grandparents reported using multiple strategies to increase their grandchildren's fruit and vegetable consumption and minimize unhealthy food intake. The most common were disguising vegetables, making fruit and vegetables appealing, managing child eating (e.g., limiting access to unhealthy food), saying no to requests for unhealthy food, involving grandchildren in meal planning and cooking, and using rewards. Findings suggest that grandparents may need support with managing food preferences and navigating and negotiating complex relations with parents regarding child feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle I Jongenelis
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; School of Psychology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
| | - Belinda Morley
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Caitlin Worrall
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
| | - Zenobia Talati
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
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Johnson BJ, Golley RK, Zarnowiecki D, Hendrie GA, Huynh EK. Understanding the influence of physical resources and social supports on primary food providers' snack food provision: a discrete choice experiment. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:155. [PMID: 33256737 PMCID: PMC7706064 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snack eating occasions contribute approximately a third of children's energy intake, with approximately half of all unhealthy foods consumed during snack times. Therefore, it is critical to understand the drivers of primary food providers' snack provision. The study aims were to determine the relative importance of physical resources and social supports when primary food providers are choosing snacks to provide to their child, and to investigate how these attributes differ in social versus non-social occasions, and between subgroups of primary food providers based on socio-economic position. METHODS Primary food providers of three to seven-year olds completed an online discrete choice experiment, by making trade-offs when completing repeated, hypothetical choice tasks on the choice of snacks to provide to their child in: 1) non-social and 2) social condition. Choice tasks included two alternatives consisting of varying attribute (i.e. factor) levels, and an opt-out option. The order of conditions shown were randomized across participants. Multinomial logit model analyses were used to determine utility weights for each attribute. RESULTS Two-hundred and twenty-five primary food providers completed the study, providing 1125 choice decisions per condition. In the non-social condition, the top three ranked attributes were type of food (utility weight 1.94, p < 0.001), child resistance (- 1.62, p < 0.001) and co-parent support (0.99, p < 0.001). In the social condition, top ranking attributes were child resistance (utility weight - 1.50, p < 0.001), type of food (1.38, p < 0.001) and co-parent support (1.07, p < 0.001). In both conditions, time was not a significant influence and cost was of lowest relative importance. Subgroup analyses revealed cost was not a significant influence for families from higher socio-economic backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS Type of food, child resistance and co-parent support were of greatest relative importance in primary food providers' snack provision decision-making, regardless of social condition or socio-economic position. In designing future interventions to reduce unhealthy snacks, researchers should prioritize these influences, to better support primary food providers in changing their physical and social opportunity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry no. ACTR N12618001173280.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J Johnson
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| | - Rebecca K Golley
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood Centre for Research Excellence, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dorota Zarnowiecki
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood Centre for Research Excellence, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gilly A Hendrie
- Health & Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elisabeth K Huynh
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Wijayaratne S, Westberg K, Reid M, Worsley A. A qualitative study exploring the dietary gatekeeper's food literacy and barriers to healthy eating in the home environment. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32 Suppl 2:292-300. [PMID: 32761932 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Food literacy has been recognised as a collection of interrelated food skills and knowledge to support healthy dietary outcomes. In the home environment, the dietary gatekeeper is the individual most responsible for food preparation, and therefore, has a significant influence on the family diet. This study explored how the dietary gatekeeper's food literacy skills are used to manage dietary barriers to facilitate healthy eating in the home environment. METHODS Qualitative data were collected from a sample of household dietary gatekeepers with children (n = 17). Participants were also instructed to take photographs of family meals prior to the interview and these were used as interview prompts to gain deeper insights into gatekeeper behaviour. RESULTS Participants reported the two most significant barriers to healthy eating in households were time pressure and fussy eating. Four strategies were identified that used gatekeepers' food literacy to manage these barriers: breaking up meal tasks; customising meals for family tastes; camouflaging healthy ingredients; and facilitating food choice autonomy. These strategies incorporated interrelated food literacy skills related to the planning, preparation, selection and eating domains. CONCLUSION The current findings highlight the dietary gatekeeper's food literacy as an interrelated concept and show how it is operationalised to successfully manage barriers to healthy eating experienced in the home environment. SO WHAT?: Future health promotion campaigns must offer tailored communications and interventions that provide resources and support to dietary gatekeepers to foster food literacy and counteract the influence of barriers to healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Westberg
- School of Economics, Finance & Marketing, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mike Reid
- School of Economics, Finance & Marketing, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Worsley
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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Effects of an Evidence-Informed Healthy Eating Blog on Dietary Intakes and Food-Related Behaviors of Mothers of Preschool- and School-Aged Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:53-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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van der Horst K, Mathias KC, Prieto Patron A, Allirot X. Art on a Plate: A Pilot Evaluation of an International Initiative Designed to Promote Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables by Children. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:919-925.e1. [PMID: 31047810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the 2016 International Chefs Day cooking workshops Art on a Plate. DESIGN Nonexperimental pretest-posttest design SETTING: Art on a Plate workshops with children from 14 countries in Asia, America, and Europe. PARTICIPANTS A total of 433 workshop participants aged 4-14 years (mean age, 8.6 years). INTERVENTION Instructed by a chef, children in the workshops created a self-chosen design on their plate with a spinach-fruit salad. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Before and after the workshop, a questionnaire assessing liking and willingness to eat or taste; hunger was assessed using the Teddy the Bear method and emotions were assessed using the Self-assessment Manikin. The event coordinator evaluated salad intake. ANALYSIS Linear and generalized linear (logit) mixed models were used to test statistical differences before and after the workshop. RESULTS The workshop resulted in a small increase in liking (n = 409; P = .02) and person control (n = 375; P < .001) and a decrease in hunger (n = 379; P < .001). A total of 30% of children increased their liking scores, 18% decreased them, and 52% did not change them. Significant associations of liking and change in liking with salad intake were in the expected direction. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study showed the positive effect of a cooking workshop on children's salad liking across a selection of countries worldwide. Further research and novel methods are needed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of cooking activities in real-life settings across countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klazine van der Horst
- Nestec Ltd, Nestlé Research Center, Institute of Nutritional Science, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Kevin C Mathias
- Nestec Ltd, Nestlé Research Center, Institute of Nutritional Science, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Prieto Patron
- Nestec Ltd, Nestlé Research Center, Institute of Nutritional Science, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Karmali S, Ng V, Battram D, Burke S, Morrow D, Pearson ES, Tucker P, Mantler T, Cramp A, Petrella R, Irwin JD. Coaching and/or education intervention for parents with overweight/obesity and their children: study protocol of a single-centre randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:345. [PMID: 30922282 PMCID: PMC6437993 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Canada, a majority of children and adults are insufficiently active for health gains, and about one in seven children and over 20% of adults are overweight or obese. Overweight and obesity are risk factors for many chronic diseases in both adults and children and can result in lower quality and quantity of life. Children whose parents are overweight or obese are more likely to become overweight themselves. Thus, parent/child interventions are important for reducing obesity and promoting long-term healthy weights among members of the family unit. Programs using Co-Active coaching have resulted in positive behaviour changes among adults with overweight/obesity; however, little research has explored the effects of Co-Active coaching on parents, and the consequent impact on the family unit (i.e. all parents and children in the same household). This protocol paper provides a detailed methodological account of a coaching-based program targeting parent and child dyads, in hopes of enhancing health behaviours within the family unit. METHODS Using a randomized controlled trial design, the researchers aim to identify the impact of coaching plus education (intervention) compared to education only (control) on parents with overweight/obesity and their children (ages 2.5-10, of any weight). A total of 50 dyads are being recruited and randomly assigned using a 1:1 ratio into the control or intervention group. The control group receive 6 webinar-based education sessions focused on physical activity and nutrition. The intervention group receive the same education sessions and nine, 20-min telephone-based sessions with a certified coach. Coaching and health education sessions are conducted with the parent/guardian of the dyad. This paper provides a detailed methodological account of this program. DISCUSSION The expected findings from this research will advance coaching literature, research, and practice on this topic by determining whether coaching and education are more effective than education alone at producing behaviour changes among a family unit. If proven effective, this approach may be applied more broadly through public health interventionists to parent and child populations in hopes of affecting change with both individuals and their families. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN ISRCTN69091372 . Retrospectively registered 24 September 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazya Karmali
- Western University, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
- Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
| | - Victor Ng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Scarborough Health Network - Centenary Campus, 2867 Ellesmere Road, Scarborough, ON Canada
| | - Danielle Battram
- Western University, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, 1285 Western Road, London, ON Canada
| | - Shauna Burke
- Western University, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
- Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
- School of Health Studies, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
| | - Don Morrow
- Western University, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
- Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
- School of Kinesiology, London, ON Canada
| | - Erin S. Pearson
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences Sanders Fieldhouse, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- Western University, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
- Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, Elborn College, 1201 Western Road (Elborn College), London, ON Canada
| | - Tara Mantler
- Western University, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
- School of Health Studies, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
| | - Anita Cramp
- Middlesex London Health Unit, Healthy Living Department, 50 King St, London, ON Canada
| | - Robert Petrella
- Western University, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
- School of Kinesiology, London, ON Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON Canada
| | - Jennifer D. Irwin
- Western University, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
- Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
- School of Health Studies, 1151 Richmond St. (Arthur & Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building), London, ON Canada
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Rohit A, Tonkin E, Maple-Brown L, Golley R, McCarthy L, Brimblecombe J. Parent Feeding Practices in the Australian Indigenous Population within the Context of non-Indigenous Australians and Indigenous Populations in Other High-Income Countries-A Scoping Review. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:89-103. [PMID: 30668618 PMCID: PMC6370272 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although extensive literature on parent feeding practices among the general Australian population exists, Australian Indigenous populations are generally overlooked. A systematic scoping review was carried out to map any source of literature showing Indigenous parent feeding practices in Australia in the context of what is known about parent feeding practices among broader Australian populations and Indigenous populations in other high-income countries.A search of 8 electronic health databases was conducted. Inclusion criteria were children aged <12 y and reporting ≥1 child outcome related to childhood overweight and/or obesity, body mass index, dietary intake, or eating behavior in the context of parent feeding practices. Studies were grouped according to Indigenous status of the population for data extraction and synthesis.A total of 79 studies were identified; 80% (n = 65) were conducted among the general Australian population and <20% (n = 14) focused on Indigenous populations. Although a wide range of feeding practices were identified among the general Australian population, Indigenous practices most closely aligned with highly responsive and permissive parenting dimensions. The highly valued child autonomy in Indigenous parenting is sometimes criticized by researchers when viewed through a Western lens because the child has agency in deciding what and when to eat.Evidence-based understanding and knowledge of Indigenous parent feeding practices in Australia are limited. Indigenous worldviews are expressed distinctly differently than the general Western worldview in parent feeding practices. How worldviews are represented in parent-child relationships is important to consider for the way in which research with Indigenous populations is conducted and the evidence it generates to inform policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Rohit
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia,Address correspondence to AR (e-mail: )
| | - Emma Tonkin
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Louise Maple-Brown
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rebecca Golley
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences (Nutrition), Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leisa McCarthy
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Julie Brimblecombe
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Brown CL, Perrin EM, Peterson KE, Brophy Herb HE, Horodynski MA, Contreras D, Miller AL, Appugliese DP, Ball SC, Lumeng JC. Association of Picky Eating With Weight Status and Dietary Quality Among Low-Income Preschoolers. Acad Pediatr 2018; 18:334-341. [PMID: 28887030 PMCID: PMC5837907 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Picky eating is common in children. Few studies have examined predictors of picky eating, and the association of picky eating with weight status and dietary quality is inconsistent in the literature. We aimed to identify predictors of picky eating and to test the association of picky eating with child body mass index z-score (BMIz), dietary quality, and micronutrient intake. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial to prevent obesity among 506 preschoolers attending Head Start. Parents completed questionnaires to assess picky eating and child temperament. Three 24-hour dietary recalls were collected to assess dietary intake. Multivariate regression models assessed child, parent, and family predictors of picky eating; additional models tested adjusted associations of picky eating with child BMIz, dietary quality (measured using the Healthy Eating Index-2010), and micronutrient intake. RESULTS Picky eating was predicted by male sex, older child age, and more difficult temperament but not race/ethnicity, maternal body mass index, maternal depressive symptoms, household food insecurity, or single parent home. Picky eating was not associated with child BMIz or micronutrient deficiencies; it was inversely associated with total Healthy Eating Index-2010 score and servings of whole fruit, total vegetables, greens and beans, and total protein foods. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric providers should support parents in expanding the number of healthy foods the child eats to improve dietary quality, but reassure parents that picky eating is not associated with children's weight status or micronutrient deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie L Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
| | - Eliana M Perrin
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor; Department of Nutrition, Harvard W.T. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Holly E Brophy Herb
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | | | - Dawn Contreras
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing; Health and Nutrition Institute, Michigan State University Extension, East Lansing
| | - Alison L Miller
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan; Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Sarah C Ball
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
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20
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Taylor RW, Williams SM, Fangupo LJ, Wheeler BJ, Taylor BJ, Daniels L, Fleming EA, McArthur J, Morison B, Erickson LW, Davies RS, Bacchus S, Cameron SL, Heath ALM. Effect of a Baby-Led Approach to Complementary Feeding on Infant Growth and Overweight: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2017; 171:838-846. [PMID: 28692728 PMCID: PMC5710413 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Baby-led approaches to complementary feeding, which promote self-feeding of all nonliquid foods are proposed to improve energy self-regulation and lower obesity risk. However, to date, no randomized clinical trials have studied this proposition. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a baby-led approach to complementary feeding results in a lower body mass index (BMI) than traditional spoon-feeding. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The 2-year Baby-Led Introduction to Solids (BLISS) randomized clinical trial recruited 206 women (168 [81.6%] of European ancestry; 85 [41.3%] primiparous) in late pregnancy from December 19, 2012, through March 17, 2014, as part of a community intervention in Dunedin, New Zealand. Women were randomized to a control condition (n = 101) or the BLISS intervention (n = 105) after stratification for parity and education. All outcomes were collected by staff blinded to group randomization, and no participants withdrew because of an adverse event. Data were analyzed based on intention to treat. INTERVENTIONS Mothers in the BLISS group received lactation consultant support (≥5 contacts) to extend exclusive breastfeeding and delay introduction of complementary foods until 6 months of age and 3 personalized face-to-face contacts (at 5.5, 7.0, and 9.0 months). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was BMI z score (at 12 and 24 months). Secondary outcomes included energy self-regulation and eating behaviors assessed with questionnaires at 6, 12, and 24 months and energy intake assessed with 3-day weighed diet records at 7, 12, and 24 months. RESULTS Among the 206 participants (mean [SD] age, 31.3 [5.6] years), 166 were available for analysis at 24 months (retention, 80.5%). The mean (SD) BMI z score was not significantly different at 12 months (control group, 0.20 [0.89]; BLISS group, 0.44 [1.13]; adjusted difference, 0.21; 95% CI, -0.07 to 0.48) or at 24 months (control group, 0.24 [1.01]; BLISS group, 0.39 [1.04]; adjusted difference, 0.16; 95% CI, -0.13 to 0.45). At 24 months, 5 of 78 infants (6.4%) were overweight (BMI≥95th percentile) in the control group compared with 9 of 87 (10.3%) in the BLISS group (relative risk, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.6-5.7). Lower satiety responsiveness was observed in BLISS infants at 24 months (adjusted difference, -0.24; 95% CI, -0.41 to -0.07). Parents also reported less food fussiness (adjusted difference, -0.33; 95% CI, -0.51 to -0.14) and greater enjoyment of food (adjusted difference, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.43) at 12 months in BLISS infants. Estimated differences in energy intake were 55 kJ (95% CI, -284 to 395 kJ) at 12 months and 143 kJ (95% CI, -241 to 526 kJ) at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A baby-led approach to complementary feeding did not result in more appropriate BMI than traditional spoon-feeding, although children were reported to have less food fussiness. Further research should determine whether these findings apply to individuals using unmodified baby-led weaning. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12612001133820.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheila M. Williams
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Louise J. Fangupo
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J. Wheeler
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barry J. Taylor
- Office of the Dean, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Daniels
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Jenny McArthur
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Brittany Morison
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Sabina Bacchus
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sonya L. Cameron
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Nepper MJ, Chai W. Parental Views of Promoting Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Overweight Preschoolers and School-Aged Children. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2017; 4:2333393617692085. [PMID: 28462357 PMCID: PMC5305122 DOI: 10.1177/2333393617692085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of parental influence on children’s eating habits, we explored perceptions of parents of overweight (body mass index–for-age percentile ≥85%) preschoolers (3-5 years) and overweight school-aged children (6-12 years) regarding challenges in promoting fruit and vegetable intake and how they and other family members influence their overweight children’s dietary habits. Focus groups were conducted with 13 parents of overweight preschoolers and 14 parents of overweight school-aged children. Codes and themes were developed by inductive data analysis. Four common themes were identified: short shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables prohibiting parents from purchasing, children’s taste changes in fruits and vegetables, parents having the primary influence on children’s dietary intake, and wanting fruits and vegetables “ready to go.” Parents of school-aged children were more concerned about their children’s weight, and extended family members negatively influenced children’s dietary intake compared with parents of preschoolers. Our findings provide valuable insight for nutrition/health educators when developing family-based interventions for weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiwen Chai
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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22
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Moore DA, Goodwin TL, Brocklehurst PR, Armitage CJ, Glenny AM. When Are Caregivers More Likely to Offer Sugary Drinks and Snacks to Infants? A Qualitative Thematic Synthesis. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:74-88. [PMID: 27956658 DOI: 10.1177/1049732316673341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many children consume more sugar than is recommended, and caregivers often find it difficult to change this habit once established. This thematic synthesis aims to identify the "critical situations" where caregivers may be more likely to offer infants sugary drinks and snacks. This thematic synthesis is reported in accordance with the statement for enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research (ENTREQ). Our confidence in the findings of our synthesis was assessed using the CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence From Reviews of Qualitative Research Approach). We included 16 studies from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Denmark. We identified eight "critical situations" when caregivers may be more likely to offer sugary drinks and snacks to infants. Interventions that seek to reduce sugar intake for caries prevention in infants and young children may be more successful if they provide caregivers with practical parenting strategies to replace the nonnutritive functions of sugary foods and drinks, as opposed to taking an information-giving approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Anne Moore
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Lloyd Goodwin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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da Silva JPC, Sarubbi Junior V, Nascimento VG, Bertoli CJ, Gallo PR, Leone C. Mothers' conceptions about excess weight in infancy and the nutritional status of their children. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2016; 71:500-5. [PMID: 27652830 PMCID: PMC5004579 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2016(09)03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze maternal conceptions about excess weight in infancy and the nutritional status of their preschool-aged children. METHODS A mixed, exploratory study was performed using semi-structured interviews. Two study groups were defined: a group of 16 mothers of children with excess weight and a group of 15 mothers of eutrophic children. The interviews were submitted to content analysis using CHIC software (Classification Hiérarchique Implicative et Cohésitive¯). RESULTS The mothers of children with excess weight tended to conceive thin children as malnourished, while those of normal weight children emphasized the influence of family and genetics as determinants of a child's nutritional status. Although there was a certain consensus among the mothers that an unhealthy diet contributes to the risk of a child developing excess weight, the concept of genetics as a determinant of a child's nutritional status was also present in the dialogue from the mothers of both groups. This result indicates a lack of clarity regarding the influence of eating behavior and family lifestyle on weight gain and the formation of a child's eating habits. Both groups indicated that the mother has a decisive role in the eating habits of her child; however, the mothers of children with excess weight did not seem to take ownership of this concept when addressing the care of their own children. CONCLUSION Differences in conceptions, including taking ownership of care, may contribute to the development of excess weight in preschool-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Paula Costa da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento Saãde Materno-Infantil, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairi da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte/RN, BrazilBrazil
- E-mail:
| | | | | | - Ciro João Bertoli
- Universidade de Taubatã, Departamento de Medicina, Taubaté/SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rogério Gallo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento Saãde Materno-Infantil, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio Leone
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento Saãde Materno-Infantil, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
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Nepper MJ, Chai W. Parents' barriers and strategies to promote healthy eating among school-age children. Appetite 2016; 103:157-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Frerichs L, Intolubbe-Chmil L, Brittin J, Teitelbaum K, Trowbridge M, Huang TTK. Children’s Discourse of Liked, Healthy, and Unhealthy Foods. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016; 116:1323-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pettigrew S, Jongenelis M, Quester P, Chapman K, Miller C. Factors associated with parents' attitudes to unhealthy foods and beverages. J Paediatr Child Health 2016; 52:449-54. [PMID: 27145509 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Previous research has identified convenience, enjoyment, value for money and perceived goodness as primary dimensions of parents' attitudes to foods and beverages. The aim of the present study was to examine the factors associated with parents' scores on each of these attitudinal dimensions to identify key issues for future interventions designed to improve parents' food provision behaviours and children's diets. METHODS A sample of 1302 Australian parents of children aged 8 to 14 years completed an online survey relating to their food-related beliefs. Linear regression analyses were undertaken to examine factors associated with parents' attitudes to soft drinks and energy-dense nutrient-poor foods. RESULTS Consistent factors were identified for both energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and soft drinks, indicating that similar approaches could be adopted in interventions for both product categories. The primary factors were social norms, child pestering, television viewing and exposure to food advertising. CONCLUSIONS Food advertising represents a common link between the primary factors, indicating that it constitutes a critical component of future interventions designed to modify parents' attitudes to unhealthy food products and to reduce the frequency with which these foods are consumed by children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pettigrew
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Michelle Jongenelis
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | | | - Kathy Chapman
- Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Caroline Miller
- The University of Adelaide.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia
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Rylatt L, Cartwright T. Parental feeding behaviour and motivations regarding pre-school age children: A thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. Appetite 2015; 99:285-297. [PMID: 26719102 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Poor childhood diet is a major risk factor for disease and obesity, and parents of pre-school children are in a powerful position to influence diet for life. The technique of thematic synthesis (Thomas & Harden, 2008) was used to synthesise recent qualitative research on parental feeding of pre-school age children (18 months-6 years). The aim was to inform development of nutrition advice by gaining a comprehensive picture of parental feeding behaviours and motivations. Six key parental feeding behaviours were identified: modelling, rewards, pressure and encouragement, repeated exposure, creativity, and limiting intake. Four overarching themes regarding motivations were identified: promoting good health (balance and variety, and weight control); building positive relationships (child involvement, and parental engagement and responsiveness); practicalities and constraints (time, cost, and lack of culinary skill, and pressure and flexibility); and emotional motivations (problem avoidance, and emotional investment). Practicalities and constraints, and emotional motivations impacted more significantly on low income parents. In order to be effective, nutrition advice ought to tap into parents' strong desire to build positive relationships and promote good health while remaining sensitive to the significant constraints and practicalities faced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Rylatt
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK.
| | - Tina Cartwright
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, an overview of literature on picky eating is given, with the focus on recently published studies. RECENT FINDINGS Papers on picky eating published over the past 2 years broadly covered three themes: characterization of picky eating; factors contributing to the development of picky eating in children; and management of picky eating. Findings suggest that picky eating is a reasonably robust concept, comprising food neophobia, eating a limited variety of food, and other specific features related to food and eating (e.g. low enjoyment of food, slowness in eating, and higher satiety responsiveness). Picky eating has a higher prevalence in preschool children and seems to decrease thereafter. Studies investigating factors influencing the development of picky eating in childhood have examined a range of child factors, parent factors, and parent-child interactions. Only very limited guidance has emerged regarding the management of picky eating. SUMMARY Picky eating is a descriptive term with greater emerging clarity about its core characteristics and associations. Research remains limited with ongoing difficulties related to lack of standardized assessment measures, and poor ability to differentiate between normal and clinically significant picky eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cardona Cano
- aParnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague bThe Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands cDepartment of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA dDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands eDepartment of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust fUniversity College London, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Avis JLS, Jackman A, Jetha MM, Ambler KA, Krug C, Sivakumar M, Ball GDC. Lifestyle Behaviors of Parents of Children in Pediatric Weight Management: Are They Meeting Recommendations? Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2015; 54:1068-75. [PMID: 25609098 DOI: 10.1177/0009922814566930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the lifestyle behaviors of parents of children in pediatric weight management. METHODS Parents were recruited upon presentation of their children (body mass index [BMI] ≥85th percentile) to a pediatric weight management clinic. Parents' demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle habit data were collected by self-report. Parents were grouped into weight status categories based on their BMIs; lifestyle data were compared across BMI categories and to national recommendations. RESULTS Parents (n = 266; 84% women; BMI, mean ± SD, 31.8 ± 7.2 kg/m(2)) were predominantly overweight/obese (82%), and most did not meet dietary recommendations (71%). Healthy-weight parents reported more daily steps versus parents who were overweight/obese (all P < .05). Most parents (~60%) met guidelines for physical activity, sedentary activity, and sleep. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of overweight and obesity combined with suboptimal dietary behaviors highlight the need to address both children's and parents' lifestyle habits in pediatric weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L S Avis
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Co-first authors
| | - Alexandra Jackman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Co-first authors
| | - Mary M Jetha
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Pediatric Centre for Weight and Health, Stollery Children's Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn A Ambler
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Pediatric Centre for Weight and Health, Stollery Children's Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cheryl Krug
- Pediatric Centre for Weight and Health, Stollery Children's Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mithra Sivakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Geoff D C Ball
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Pediatric Centre for Weight and Health, Stollery Children's Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Mazarello Paes V, Ong KK, Lakshman R. Factors influencing obesogenic dietary intake in young children (0-6 years): systematic review of qualitative evidence. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007396. [PMID: 26377503 PMCID: PMC4577937 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesogenic dietary intake is prevalent in young children and is associated with obesity and other adverse health outcomes in childhood and later in life. OBJECTIVE To describe the barriers to and facilitators of obesogenic dietary intake in early childhood, in order to inform interventions and public health policies to prevent obesity. DESIGN Systematic review of qualitative literature on factors influencing obesogenic diets in children aged 0-6 years. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, British Nursing Index, ASSIA and Sociological Abstracts. REVIEW METHODS Qualitative studies meeting the inclusion criteria were synthesised. Data were analysed by creating a thematic framework, underpinned by the socioecological model, which included familiarisation of data across the studies, indexing, charting, mapping and interpretation. RESULTS 20 studies from the USA (10), Europe (6) and Australia (4) included the views of 1067 participants (901 parents/caregivers, 37 children, 87 teachers, 15 dieticians and 27 nursery staff). Study designs included focus groups (n=16), individual interviews (n=6) and ethnography (n=1) with some studies using more than one design. Despite wide differences in the study context and focus, several consistent themes emerged. Parental factors increasing young children's obesogenic diets were: negative parent/family/peer modelling, lack of knowledge, time constraints, using food as reward, affordability and concerns about child's health. Child preferences also increased intake. Environmental factors increasing intake include: availability, advertising, societal, cultural and preschool/childcare influences. CONCLUSIONS Future intervention strategies should aim to promote modelling of positive behaviours, create home and preschool environments that promote healthy diets, and simultaneously target factors at the family and preschool/childcare levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This review is one of a series of systematic reviews on the determinants of obesogenic behaviours in young children, registered with the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42012002881.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Mazarello Paes
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rajalakshmi Lakshman
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Alm S, Olsen SO, Honkanen P. The role of family communication and parents' feeding practices in children's food preferences. Appetite 2015; 89:112-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abrams KM, Evans C, Duff BR. Ignorance is bliss. How parents of preschool children make sense of front-of-package visuals and claims on food. Appetite 2015; 87:20-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Norman Å, Berlin A, Sundblom E, Elinder LS, Nyberg G. Stuck in a vicious circle of stress. Parental concerns and barriers to changing children's dietary and physical activity habits. Appetite 2014; 87:137-42. [PMID: 25542774 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary habits and physical activity are often the focus of obesity prevention programmes and involving parents in such programmes has proven to be effective. The aims of this study were to describe parents' concerns about their children's diet and physical activity habits and to describe barriers to change. RESULTS The study used archival data gathered unobtrusively in the form of memos taken after sessions of Motivational Interviewing as part of the parental support programme, A Healthy School Start. The 74 MI-sessions were conducted from October 2010 to April 2011 with either a mother or father or both, all with children in pre-school class. Thematic analysis was applied. Three themes were identified regarding children's dietary habits: amount of food consumed influenced by behaviour in the family, eating situations influenced by stressful everyday life and family interplay, and food choices influenced by stressful everyday life and family interplay. One theme appeared regarding physical activity: physical activity influenced by stressful everyday life and family interplay. CONCLUSION Family interplay appears to be an important link between the work-life stress perceived by parents and less healthy food and physical activity habits in the home. Both lack of parental cooperation and negative parent-child interactions may act as barriers to healthy eating and physical activity and should be addressed in future intervention studies on health-related behaviours of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Norman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anita Berlin
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Box 23100, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Elinor Sundblom
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gisela Nyberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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