1
|
Scotto Rosato M, Cipriano A, Napolano R, Cella S. Maternal control and eating styles in children: The mediating role of emotion differentiation. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:76-89. [PMID: 37646467 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231199303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Theoretical accounts and empirical research suggest that mother-child interactions significantly influence the child's eating styles (emotional, external, and restrained eating). However, little or no research has explored the association between maternal psychological control and eating styles and whether other mechanisms may be involved in such association. To address this shortcoming, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of difficulties in differentiating emotions between maternal control and eating styles.Methods: Participants were 324 elementary school children (Girls = 172, 53.1%) aged between 8 and 11 years (Mage = 9.13, SD = .89) assessed through self-report measures. Parents provided information about weight and height.Results: Path analysis model showed an acceptable fit to the data (χ2 (3) = 3.966, p = .256; RMSEA = .032; CFI = .990; TLI = .911; SRMR = .018). Difficulties in differentiating emotions significantly mediated the relationship between maternal control and emotional eating (β = -.071, 95%CI [-.094, -.052]; p < .001). The model was invariant across genders.Conclusions: Our findings support the importance of dyadic interaction in enhancing the risk for dysfunctional eating style during infancy, showing that emotion differentiation deficits may be particularly salient in such relationship. Clinical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Scotto Rosato
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Annarosa Cipriano
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosanna Napolano
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Stefania Cella
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Batra A, Cuesta S, Alves MB, Restrepo JM, Giroux M, Laureano DP, Mucellini Lovato AB, Miguel PM, Machado TD, Molle RD, Flores C, Silveira PP. Relationship between insulin and Netrin-1/DCC guidance cue pathway regulation in the prefrontal cortex of rodents exposed to prenatal dietary restriction. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:501-507. [PMID: 37431265 PMCID: PMC10988268 DOI: 10.1017/s204017442300017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Fetal restriction (FR) alters insulin sensitivity, but it is unknown how the metabolic profile associated with restriction affects development of the dopamine (DA) system and DA-related behaviors. The Netrin-1/DCC guidance cue system participates in maturation of the mesocorticolimbic DA circuitry. Therefore, our objective was to identify if FR modifies Netrin-1/DCC receptor protein expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) at birth and mRNA in adulthood in rodent males. We used cultured HEK293 cells to assess if levels of miR-218, microRNA regulator of DCC, are sensitive to insulin. To assess this, pregnant dams were subjected to a 50% FR diet from gestational day 10 until birth. Medial PFC (mPFC) DCC/Netrin-1 protein expression was measured at P0 at baseline and Dcc/Netrin-1 mRNA levels were quantified in adults 15 min after a saline/insulin injection. miR-218 levels in HEK-293 cells were measured in response to insulin exposure. At P0, Netrin-1 levels are downregulated in FR animals in comparison to controls. In adult rodents, insulin administration results in an increase in Dcc mRNA levels in control but not FR rats. In HEK293 cells, there is a positive correlation between insulin concentration and miR-218 levels. Since miR-218 is a Dcc gene expression regulator and our in vitro results show that insulin regulates miR-218 levels, we suggest that FR-induced changes in insulin sensitivity could be affecting Dcc expression via miR-218, impacting DA system maturation and organization. As fetal adversity is linked to nonadaptive behaviors later in life, this may contribute to early identification of vulnerability to chronic diseases associated with fetal adversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aashita Batra
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Santiago Cuesta
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marcio Bonesso Alves
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jose Maria Restrepo
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Giroux
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Pereira Laureano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Brondani Mucellini Lovato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maidana Miguel
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tania Diniz Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberta Dalle Molle
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cecilia Flores
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Papaioannou MA, Power TG, O’Connor TM, Fisher JO, Micheli NE, Hughes SO. Child Weight Status: The Role of Feeding Styles and Highly Motivated Eating in Children. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10030507. [PMID: 36980065 PMCID: PMC10047856 DOI: 10.3390/children10030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Although parental feeding plays an important role in child eating and weight status, high food motivation among children may also be a factor shaping how feeding impacts child weight. This study explored whether individual differences in preschool children’s food motivation interacted with mothers’ feeding styles in predicting subsequent child weight status. Participants included 129 Hispanic Head Start mother/child dyads. Data were collected at ages 4–5 years (Time 1) and 7–9 (Time 3). Staff measured heights/weights and observed children in an eating in the absence of hunger task. Mothers reported on feeding styles/practices and children’s eating behaviors. A principal components analysis derived a measure of highly motivated eating in children. Multiple regressions predicted Time 3 child BMI z-scores. Time 3 BMI z-scores were positively predicted by authoritative and indulgent feeding styles and negatively predicted by monitoring. Since feeding style interacted with highly motivated eating, separate regressions were run for high and low food motivation in children. Unexpectedly, results showed that authoritative feeding positively predicted Time 3 child BMI z-scores only for children showing low levels of food motivation. Characterizing differential parental feeding and child eating phenotypes may assist in tailoring childhood obesity prevention programs for the target populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Papaioannou
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas G. Power
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Teresia M. O’Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer O. Fisher
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Nilda E. Micheli
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sheryl O. Hughes
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-798-7017
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ergang BC, da Silva CH, Goldani MZ, Hagen MEK, Bernardi JR. Is the duration of breastfeeding associated with eating behavior in early childhood? Physiol Behav 2021; 242:113607. [PMID: 34582883 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eating behavior can be defined as the relationship between human and food and involves a multifaceted network of genetic and environmental influences. The eating behavior acquired in childhood, when dysfunctional, can affect children's health and seems to influence adult eating behavior. This study aimed to analyze the breastfeeding influence on eating behavior in early childhood. METHODS In this longitudinal observational study, data about sociodemographic and breastfeeding practices were collected through questionnaire developed by the researchers and eating behavior was assessed with the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire when the children have 3-5 years of age. This instrument was divided into 'food approach' and 'food avoidant' scales, with 'food approach' being linked to overweight/obesity and 'food avoidant' to selectivity. RESULTS Data on 107 mother-child pairs were analyzed, of whom 98.1% (n= 105) were breastfed and 46.7% (n= 50) received infant formula. There was a significant association between lower scores in the 'food approach' scale, eating behavior, and total breastfeeding duration > 6 months (p= 0.033), as well, as with exclusive breastfeeding duration > 3 months (p= 0.001). This relationship was confirmed in a linear regression model, after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and infant nutritional status. It was observed that a one-day increase in total breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a -0.044 decrease in total score on the 'food approach' scale ([95% CI: -0.08; -0.01]; p= 0.027 and [95% CI: -0.08; -0.01]; p= 0.010, respectively). CONCLUSION The total and exclusive breastfeeding duration are related to child feeding behavior, while a longer period of breastfeeding can be an influencing factor against 'food approach' scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cristina Ergang
- Graduate Program of Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2400. Zip Code 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Clécio Homrich da Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate Program of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2400. Zip Code 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zubaran Goldani
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate Program of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2400. Zip Code 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Martine Elisabeth Kienzle Hagen
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2400. Zip Code 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Rombaldi Bernardi
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food, Nutrition and Health, Graduate Program of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2400. Zip Code 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Parent-Infant Attachment Insecurity and Emotional Eating in Adolescence: Mediation through Emotion Suppression and Alexithymia. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051662. [PMID: 34068872 PMCID: PMC8153636 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional eating (EE), the propensity to eat in response to emotions, is thought to have its origins in the early parent–infant relationship. This study tested the hypothesis that infant attachment insecurity results in EE in adolescence through the increased use of the emotion regulation strategy suppression of emotions and subsequent alexithymia. At the age of 15 months, parent–infant attachment security (n = 129) was observed with two abbreviated attachment measures: the shortened strange situation procedure (SSSP), and the shortened attachment Q-set (S-AQS). At the age of 12 years, children completed self-report questionnaires to assess the suppression of emotions, alexithymia, and EE. At the age of 16 years, EE was measured again. The mediation models indicated that lower parent–infant attachment security predicted increased use of suppression of emotions, which was related to increased alexithymia, and in turn more EE at the age of 12 years. These results were similar and significant for both attachment measures, and also (marginal) significant with EE at the age of 16 years as an outcome. Lastly, when parental caregiving quality was included, the models with the SSSP as predictor remained significant, but the models with the S-AQS became insignificant. These results indicated that to a certain extent, infant attachment security could predict adolescent EE above and beyond parental caregiving quality.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kininmonth A, Smith A, Carnell S, Steinsbekk S, Fildes A, Llewellyn C. The association between childhood adiposity and appetite assessed using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire and Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13169. [PMID: 33554425 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify associations between Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) and Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ) appetitive traits (food approach: Food Responsiveness [FR], Enjoyment of Food [EF], Emotional Overeating [EOE], and Desire to Drink [DD]; food avoidant: Satiety Responsiveness [SR], Slowness in Eating [SE], Emotional Undereating [EUE], Food Fussiness [FF]) and measures of child adiposity. Searches of six databases up to February 2019 identified 72 studies (CEBQ, n = 67; BEBQ, n = 5), and 27 met the meta-analysis criteria. For cross-sectional studies reporting unadjusted correlations with body mass index z-scores (BMIz) (n = 19), all traits were associated with BMIz in expected directions (positive: FR, EF, EOE, and DD; negative: SR, SE, EUE, and FF). Pooled estimates ranged from r = 0.22 (FR) to r = -0.21 (SR). For cross-sectional studies reporting regression coefficients (n = 10), three traits (FR, EF, and EOE) associated positively, and three traits (SR, SE, and EUE) negatively, with BMIz (β = -0.31 [SR] to β = 0.22 [FR]). Eleven studies reported prospective relationships from appetite to adiposity measures for six scales (positive: FR, EF, EOE, and DD; negative: SR and SE). Five studies reported relationships from adiposity measures to appetite for five traits (positive: FR, EF, and EOE; negative: SR). All BEBQ traits were consistently cross-sectionally associated with adiposity measures. Overall, CEBQ/BEBQ-assessed appetitive traits show consistent cross-sectional relationships with measures of child adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Kininmonth
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Andrea Smith
- Obesity Group, Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Carnell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Silje Steinsbekk
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alison Fildes
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Clare Llewellyn
- Obesity Group, Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Life-course effects of early life adversity exposure on eating behavior and metabolism. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 97:237-273. [PMID: 34311901 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variations in early life influence brain development, making individuals more vulnerable to psychiatric and metabolic disorders. Early life stress (ELS) has a strong impact on the development of eating behavior. However, eating is a complex behavior, determined by an interaction between signals of energy homeostasis, neuronal circuits involved in its regulation, and circuits related to rewarding properties of the food. Although mechanisms underlying ELS-induced altered feeding behavior are not completely understood, evidence suggest that the effects of ELS on metabolic, mood, and emotional disorders, as well as reward system dysfunctions can contribute directly or indirectly to altered feeding behavior. The focus of this chapter is to discuss the effects of ELS on eating behavior and metabolism, considering different factors that control appetite such as energy homeostasis, hedonic properties of the food, emotional and cognitive status. After highlighting classic studies on the association between ELS and eating behavior alterations, we discuss how exposure to adversity can interact with genetics characteristics to predict variable outcomes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dol A, Bode C, Velthuijsen H, van Strien T, van Gemert-Pijnen L. Application of three different coaching strategies through a virtual coach for people with emotional eating: a vignette study. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:13. [PMID: 33446275 PMCID: PMC7809774 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 13% of the world's population suffers from obesity. More than 40% of people with obesity display emotional eating behaviour (eating in response to negative emotions or distress). It is an alternate to more effective coping strategies for negative emotions. Our study explored the opportunities for helping adults with emotional overeating using a virtual coach, aiming to identify preferences for tailored coaching strategies applicable in a personal virtual coach environment. Three different coaching strategies were tested: a validating, a focus-on-change, and a dialectical one - the latter being a synthesis of the first two strategies. METHODS A qualitative study used vignettes reflecting the two most relevant situations for people with emotional eating: 1. experiencing negative emotions, with ensuing food cravings; and 2. after losing control to emotional eating, with ensuing feelings of low self-esteem. Applied design: 2 situations × 3 coaching strategies. PARTICIPANTS 71 adult women (Mage 44.4/years, range 19-70, SD = 12.86) with high scores on the DEBQ-emotional eating scale (Memo 3.65, range 1.69-4.92, SD = .69) with mean BMI 30.1 (range 18-46, SD = 6.53). They were recruited via dieticians' practices, were randomly assigned to the conditions and asked how they would face and react to the presented coaching strategies. Data were transcribed and a thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Qualitative results showed that participants valued both the validating coaching strategy and the focus-on-change strategy, but indicated that a combination of validation and focus-on-change provides both mental support and practical advice. Data showed that participants differed in their level of awareness of the role that emotions play in their overeating and the need for emotion-regulation skills. CONCLUSION The design of the virtual coach should be based on dialectical coaching strategies as preferred by participants with emotional eating behaviour. It should be tailored to the different stages of awareness of their emotions and individual emotion-regulation skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Dol
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences (BMS), University of Twente, De Zul 10, 7522 NJ Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Bode
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences (BMS), University of Twente, De Zul 10, 7522 NJ Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Velthuijsen
- Institute for Communication, Media & IT, Hanze University, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatjana van Strien
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette van Gemert-Pijnen
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences (BMS), University of Twente, De Zul 10, 7522 NJ Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Braden A, Anderson L, Redondo R, Watford T, Emley E, Ferrell E. Emotion regulation mediates relationships between perceived childhood invalidation, emotional reactivity, and emotional eating. J Health Psychol 2020; 26:2937-2949. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105320942860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is informed by the biosocial model which suggests that emotional sensitivity and childhood invalidation interact to influence emotion dysregulation, leading to behavioral disorders. Although adapted DBT interventions have resulted in improved emotional eating, little research has been conducted to examine whether key aspects of the biosocial model apply to emotional eating. Adults ( N = 258) were enrolled via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Three separate mediation analyses were performed using Hayes’ SPSS macro. Results showed that emotion regulation difficulties mediated the relationships between biosocial variables (i.e. perceived maternal and paternal invalidation and emotional reactivity) and emotional eating.
Collapse
|
10
|
van Strien T, Beijers R, Smeekens S, Winkens LHH, Konttinen H. Parenting quality in infancy and emotional eating in adolescence: Mediation through emotion suppression and alexithymia. Appetite 2019; 141:104339. [PMID: 31265858 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the association between parenting quality at age 15 and 28 months and emotional eating (EE) at age 12 and 16 years through serial mediation by suppression of emotions and alexithymia at 12 years. The sample included 129 children and their parents. Lower parental quality in infancy was related to more suppression of emotions, which in turn was related to more difficulty identifying emotions, and in turn to higher EE in adolescence. This serial mediation model was significant for EE at 12 years, and for EE at 16 years. If future studies reveal converging findings, this knowledge points to the need for programs preventing the development of EE in adolescence through increasing the quality of parenting in infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana van Strien
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Roseriet Beijers
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanny Smeekens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, the Netherlands
| | - Laura H H Winkens
- Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles Chair Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna Konttinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Evidence suggests that both high and low birth weight children have increased the risk for obesity and the metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Previously we have found altered feeding behaviour and food preferences in pre-school children and adults born with low birth weight. In this study, we investigated if birth weight was associated with different intake of fat, carbohydrate and/or protein at 6-12 years of age. This is a cross-sectional study where 255 guardians answered online and telephone questions including anthropometrics and demographic data, parental family food rules (food control, encouragement and restriction) and a complete web-based FFQ for their children (130 boys and 125 girls). Baseline demographic and parental food rules characteristics did not differ accordingly to sex. Linear regression models were conducted separately for each sex, adjusted for income, age and maternal age. There were no differences in total energy intake, but energy density (ED, energy content/g) was negatively associated with birth weight in boys. Macronutrient analysis showed that ED intake was from a greater intake of fat. Birth weight was not a significant predictor of protein and carbohydrate intake in boys. In girls, we saw a positive correlation between fat intake and cholesterol intake v. birth weight, but no association with ED intake (results did not remain after adjustment). The study shows that low birth weight is associated with altered fat intake in childhood in a sex-specific manner. It is likely that biological factors such as fetal programming of homoeostatic and/or hedonic pathways influencing food preferences are involved in this process.
Collapse
|
12
|
Portella AK, Paquet C, Bischoff AR, Molle RD, Faber A, Moore S, Arora N, Levitan R, Silveira PP, Dube L. Multi-behavioral obesogenic phenotypes among school-aged boys and girls along the birth weight continuum. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212290. [PMID: 30789933 PMCID: PMC6383887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that extremes of birth weight (BW) carry a common increased risk for the development of adiposity and related cardiovascular diseases, but little is known about the role of obesogenic behaviors in this process. Moreover, no one has empirically examined whether the relationship between BW, obesogenic behaviors and BMI along the full low-to-high birthweight continuum reflects the U-shape pattern expected from common risk at both BW extremes. Our objective was to characterize physical activity, screen time, and eating behavior and their relationship to BMI as a function of BW among school-aged boys and girls. In this cross-sectional study, 460 children aged 6 to 12 years (50% boys) from Montreal, Canada provided information on sleeping time, screen time, physical activity levels, eating behavior (emotional, external and restrained eating) and anthropometrics (height, weight, BW) through parent reported questionnaires. BMI was normalized using WHO Standards (zBMI), and BW expressed as ratio using Canadian population standards (BW for gestational age and sex). Analyses were conducted using generalized linear models with linear and quadratic terms for BW, stratified by sex and adjusted for age, ethnicity and household income. In boys, physical activity and screen time showed U-shaped associations with BW, while physical activity had an inverted U-shaped in girls. Emotional and restrained eating had positive linear relations with BW in boys and girls. Sleep time and external eating were not associated with BW. A U-shaped relationship between BW and zBMI was found in boys but no association was found in girls. Only sleep (in boys and girls), and emotional eating (girls only) were related to zBMI and mediation of the BW-zBMI relationship was only supported for emotional eating. In conclusion, BW relates to obesogenic behaviors and BMI in both non-linear and linear ways, and these associations differed by sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Krumel Portella
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PostGraduate Program in Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de Ciencias da Saude de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Paquet
- School of Health Sciences, Centre for Population Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adrianne Rahde Bischoff
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roberta Dalle Molle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aida Faber
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Spencer Moore
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | | | - Robert Levitan
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurette Dube
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
van Strien T, Beijers R, Smeekens S, Winkens LHH. Duration of breastfeeding is associated with emotional eating through its effect on alexithymia in boys, but not girls. Appetite 2019; 132:97-105. [PMID: 30315844 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emotional eating (EE), or eating in response to negative emotions, was earlier shown to be associated with difficulty in identifying emotions (alexithymia). To improve our understanding of possible causes of alexithymia and EE, we assessed possible associations with duration of breastfeeding in infancy. The aim of the present study was to examine in a prospective, longitudinal study whether duration of breastfeeding is associated with EE in adolescence, through its effect on alexithymia difficulty identifying emotions, and whether this mediation effect is contingent on gender. Our hypothesis was that longer duration of breastfeeding would be associated with lower EE in adolescence through its effect on lower alexithymia difficulty identifying feelings in boys but not in girls (Moderated mediation). The sample included 129 children and their families (67 boys and 62 girls). Duration of breastfeeding was reported by the mother when the infant was 15 months old. Alexithymia difficulty identifying feelings (Toronto Alexithymia Scale) and EE (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire) were reported by the child at 12 years of age. EE was also reported by the child at 16 years of age. Moderated mediation was significant for EE at 12 years, and borderline significant for EE at 16 years. As hypothesized, for boys but not for girls, longer duration of breastfeeding was related to less difficulties in identifying feelings, resulting in lower degrees of EE in adolescence. It is concluded that breastfeeding in infancy may protect boys against EE through its positive association with better ability to identify feelings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana van Strien
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Roseriet Beijers
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanny Smeekens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, the Netherlands
| | - Laura H H Winkens
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lakes KD, Guo Y, Lucas CT, Cooper D. Measuring Maternal Behaviors in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN 2017; 30:124-132. [PMID: 29720787 PMCID: PMC5927390 DOI: 10.1097/iyc.0000000000000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important considerations in designing clinical infant research studies is the selection of reliable and valid measurement procedures. Few measures of caregiver-child interactions have been studied with newborns, particularly premature infants. The main objective of this study was to examine psychometric properties of the NICHD Mother-Child Interaction Qualitative Ratings in a sample of premature infants and their mothers to evaluate its use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Mother-baby dyads (N=24) were videotaped in a 10-minute interaction in the NICU. Nine raters independently assessed dyadic interactions using the NICHD Mother-Child Interaction Qualitative Ratings in a fully-crossed research design. Rater reliability was strong for mother and infant ratings, (.76 to .94). Scores yielded normal distributions for maternal sensitivity, positive regard, and flatness of affect and skewed distributions for maternal intrusiveness, detachment, negative regard, and all child ratings. Positive maternal behaviors correlated positively with one another and negatively with negative maternal behaviors. Thus, preliminary analyses suggest that scores obtained using the NICHD Mother-Child Interaction Qualitative Ratings with premature babies and their mothers in the NICU demonstrate adequate inter-rater reliability, and distributional properties provide preliminary evidence of face validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuqing Guo
- Program in Nursing Science, University of California, Irvine
| | | | - Dan Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Vice Chancellor for Clinical Translational Science, University of California, Irvine
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lucion MK, Oliveira V, Bizarro L, Bischoff AR, Silveira PP, Kauer-Sant'Anna M. Attentional bias toward infant faces – Review of the adaptive and clinical relevance. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 114:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
16
|
van Deutekom AW, Chinapaw MJM, Jansma EP, Vrijkotte TGM, Gemke RJBJ. The Association of Birth Weight and Infant Growth with Energy Balance-Related Behavior - A Systematic Review and Best-Evidence Synthesis of Human Studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168186. [PMID: 28081150 PMCID: PMC5232347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suboptimal prenatal and early postnatal growths are associated with obesity in later life, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature that reports on the longitudinal association of (i) birth size or (ii) infant growth with later (i) energy intake, (ii) eating behaviors, (iii) physical activity or (iv) sedentary behavior in humans. METHODS A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and The Cochrane Library was conducted to identify relevant publications. We appraised the methodological quality of the studies and synthesized the extracted data through a best-evidence synthesis. RESULTS Data from 41 publications were included. The quality of the studies was high in three papers, moderate in 11 and low in the large majority (n = 27) of papers appraised. Our best-evidence synthesis indicates that there is no evidence for an association of birth weight with later energy intake, eating behavior, physical activity or sedentary behavior. We found moderate evidence for an association of extreme birth weights (at both ends of the spectrum) with lower physical activity levels at a later age. Evidence for the association of infant growth with energy balance-related behavior was generally insufficient. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that current evidence does not support an association of early-life growth with energy balance-related behaviors in later life, except for an association of extreme birth weights with later physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arend W. van Deutekom
- Department of Pediatrics, EMGO Institute for Health & Care Research, Institute for Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Mai J. M. Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO institute for Health & Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elise P. Jansma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO institute for Health & Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinoud J. B. J. Gemke
- Department of Pediatrics, EMGO Institute for Health & Care Research, Institute for Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Laureano DP, Molle RD, Portella AK, Silveira PP. Facial Expressions in Small for Gestational Age Newborns. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:398-9. [PMID: 26129978 DOI: 10.1177/0883073815592225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D P Laureano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - R Dalle Molle
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A K Portella
- Departament of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P P Silveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Y, Fu W, Liu J. Neurodevelopment in children with intrauterine growth restriction: adverse effects and interventions. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:660-8. [PMID: 25758617 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1015417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with higher rates of fetal, perinatal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The consequences of IUGR include short-term metabolic, hematological and thermal disturbances that lead to metabolic syndrome in children and adults. Additionally, IUGR severely affects short- and long-term fetal brain development and brain function (including motor, cognitive and executive function) and neurobehavior, especially neuropsychology. This review details the adverse effects of IUGR on fetal brain development and discusses intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- a Department of Neonatology and NICU , Bayi Children's Hospital, Beijing Military General Hospital , Beijing , China and
- b Department of Neonatology and NICU , Taian City Central Hospital of Shandong Province , Taian City , China
| | - Wei Fu
- a Department of Neonatology and NICU , Bayi Children's Hospital, Beijing Military General Hospital , Beijing , China and
| | - Jing Liu
- a Department of Neonatology and NICU , Bayi Children's Hospital, Beijing Military General Hospital , Beijing , China and
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Braga CL, Farias BL, Reis RS, Agranonik M, Silveira PP. Musical intervention and food preferences in girls born with lower birth weight. Early Hum Dev 2015; 91:731-7. [PMID: 26385448 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), especially girls, show an increased intake of palatable foods in several developmental stages, which likely contributes to their increased risk for obesity later. Recently, neuroimaging studies suggested that musical exposure activates the mesolimbic region, which is also involved in the processing of food rewards. AIMS We evaluated the impact of musical intervention in mother/infant pairs on feeding behavior during childhood with regard to birth weight. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study. SUBJECTS A total of 28 children exposed to a structured musical intervention in early life were invited for an anthropometric and nutritional evaluation, and were compared to a communitarian age-matched sample. OUTCOME MEASURES A series of general linear models adjusted for socioeconomic status and maternal education were constructed to evaluate the interaction between music exposure, birth weight, and sex on the consumption of different types of foods, measured using a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS There was an interaction between birth weight, sex, and musical intervention on the consumption of sugar during childhood (Wald=7.87, df=2, p=0.02); control participants consumed more sugar as birth weight decreased (B=-8.673, p<0.0001). No such effect was found for the girls exposed to musical intervention (B=3.352, p=0.15) or for boys (exposed B=2.870, p=0.44; non-exposed B=3.706, p=0.236). The absence of other effects suggests that this finding is specific for sweet foods. CONCLUSION Early music intervention in mother/infant pairs may moderate the effects of IUGR on palatable food preference in girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Lopes Braga
- PPG Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Luciano Farias
- PPG Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Roberta Sena Reis
- PPG Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Marilyn Agranonik
- Fundação de Economia e Estatística - FEE, Rua Duque de Caxias, 1691, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90010-283, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- PPG Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The fetal programming of food preferences: current clinical and experimental evidence. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2015; 7:222-230. [PMID: 26412563 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174415007187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased energy consumption is one of the major factors implicated in the epidemic of obesity. There is compelling evidence, both clinical and experimental, that fetal paucity of nutrients may have programming effects on feeding preferences and behaviors that can contribute to the development of diseases. Clinical studies in different age groups show that individuals born small for their gestational age (SGA) have preferences towards highly caloric foods such as carbohydrates and fats. Some studies have also shown altered eating behaviors in SGA children. Despite an apparent discrepancy in different age groups, all studies seem to converge to an increased intake of palatable foods in SGA individuals. Small nutrient imbalances across lifespan increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases in adult life. Homeostatic factors such as altered responses to leptin and insulin and alterations in neuropeptides associated with appetite and satiety are likely involved. Imbalances between homeostatic and hedonic signaling are another proposed mechanism, with the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway having differential reward and pleasure responses when facing palatable foods. Early exposure to undernutrition also programs hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, with SGA having higher levels of cortisol in different ages, leading to chronic hyperactivity of this neuroendocrine axis. This review summarizes the clinical and experimental evidence related to fetal programming of feeding preferences by SGA.
Collapse
|