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Thomas TA, Tilk K, Klassen K, Pommnitz M, Wunder R, Mall JW, Köhler H, de Zwaan M, Meyer G, Hüttl TP, Müller A. Self-Harm Before and Six Months After Obesity Surgery. Obes Surg 2024; 34:3579-3591. [PMID: 39134834 PMCID: PMC11481644 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research on obesity surgery (OS) showed that patients do not only experience weight loss but also improvements in certain mental health outcomes (e.g., depression) after OS. However, self-harm behaviors might increase after OS. Regarding self-harm, the literature is mostly limited to studies using data from hospital or emergency room charts. This longitudinal study examined self-reported self-harm behaviors and potential psychopathological correlates before and after OS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pre-surgery patients (N = 220) filled out a set of questionnaires before and approximately six months after OS. Self-harm behaviors were captured with the Self-Harm Inventory. The assessments further included standardized instruments to measure symptoms of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, alcohol use, and suicidal ideations. RESULTS Any self-harm was reported by 24.6% before and by 25.0% after OS. No differences in the number of self-harm behaviors or prevalence of any self-harm before and after OS were found. Overall, 11.4% experienced self-harm behaviors at both times. A subset showed self-harm behaviors only before (13.2%) OS and another subset only after OS (13.6%). These two groups were about the same size. Self-harm behaviors showed strong associations with psychopathology after OS, especially with depression and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION No increase in self-harm behaviors after OS emerged. Still, a subgroup showed self-harm behaviors after OS closely linked to further psychopathology. This mirrors the need to implement screening for self-harm before and after OS into OS care. Further studies with longer follow up periods are needed to extend these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Thomas
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany.
| | - Katja Tilk
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katharina Klassen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
| | - Melanie Pommnitz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ruth Wunder
- Department of General, Visceral, and Bariatric Surgery, DRK Krankenhaus Clementinenhaus, Lützerodestr. 1, 30161, Hanover, Germany
| | - Julian W Mall
- Department of General, Visceral, and Bariatric Surgery, KRH Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstr. 41, 30167, Hanover, Germany
| | - Hinrich Köhler
- Department of General, Visceral, and Bariatric Surgery, Herzogin Elisabeth Hospital, Leipziger Straße 24, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
| | - Günther Meyer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Bariatric Surgery, AMC-WolfartKlinik, Waldstraße 7, 82166, Gräfelfing, Germany
| | - Thomas P Hüttl
- Department of General, Visceral, and Bariatric Surgery, Dr. Lubos Kliniken Bogenhausen, Denninger Str. 44, 81679, Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
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Meule A. Cut-off scores for the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-short form (BIS-15): sense and nonsense. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:1149-1152. [PMID: 37486098 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2241111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
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Horsager C, Gearhardt AN. Development and validation of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0. Eat Behav 2024; 55:101927. [PMID: 39388983 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scientific interest in the concept of food addiction is growing, but more studies are needed in youth samples. Brief, psychometrically valid, and developmentally appropriate measures are needed to support the assessment of food addiction in large-scale studies of youth that need to minimize participant burden. While a brief version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) exists for adults, no comparable scale exists for youth. Thus, the current study aimed to develop a brief and valid measure of food addiction for use in youth populations (the modified YFAS for children 2.0). METHOD Data stem from the Food Addiction Denmark (FADK) Project, where random samples of 559 adolescents from the general population and 413 adolescents from a population with mental disorder completed the 35-item original YFAS for children 2.0 (YFAS-C 2.0). An abbreviated 13-item version was developed, and the psychometric properties of the modified YFAS-C 2.0 (mYFAS-C 2.0) were then evaluated. RESULTS The mYFAS-C 2.0 exhibited a one-factor structure and was found to have sound psychometric properties regarding internal consistency and convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. This was evident in both the general adolescent population sample and the sample of adolescents with mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS The mYFAS-C 2.0 provides a brief and psychometrically valid measure of food addiction for youth, which may be beneficial for study designs (e.g., epidemiological samples) that aim to minimize participant burden. Future research on the test-retest reliability of the mYFAS-C 2.0 and its psychometric properties in younger children are important next steps.
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Díaz-Torrente X, Palacio A, Valenzuela C, Vergés A, Gearhardt AN. Validation of the Chilean version of the Yale food addiction scale 2.0 in a non-clinical sample. Eat Weight Disord 2024; 29:62. [PMID: 39340690 PMCID: PMC11438714 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim was to translate and culturally adapt the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) to the Chilean population, evaluate its psychometric properties in a non-clinical sample, and assess the correlations between symptoms count of food addiction (FA) with demographic and anthropometric variables. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS We evaluated 301 participants (59.1% women) with a mean age of 29.7 ± 12.4 years recruited from two universities and two businesses (non-clinical sample). The Chilean YFAS 2.0 was administered, and anthropometric measurements were carried out. The internal consistency of the items was estimated, and factor structure was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. Test-retest reliability was also examined. The correlations between symptoms count of FA and weight, waist circumference (WC), Body Mass Index (BMI), percentage of body fat (BF%), and lean mass were evaluated. RESULTS The Chilean YFAS 2.0 presented good internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-factor structure, in accordance with the original version. The ICC indicated excellent test-retest reliability. The prevalence of FA was 10.3%, and the symptom count of FA was 2.1 ± 2.8. A small positive correlation between WC, BMI, and BF % and FA symptom count was found. CONCLUSION The Chilean YFAS 2.0 may be a useful tool to investigate FA in Chile. Level of evidence Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Díaz-Torrente
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
- Programa Doctorado en Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ana Palacio
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carina Valenzuela
- Centro de Micro-Bioinnovación (CMBi), Centro de Investigación del Comportamiento Alimentario (CEIC), Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alvaro Vergés
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Marcon ER, Brillmann M, Martins LL, Guth N, Cauduro SC, Pozzer RM, Fraga LP, Oliveira MS. Brazilian Version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Individuals with Severe Obesity. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1819-1825. [PMID: 38580784 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adapting and validating the Portuguese version of Br-YFAS 2.0-Obes to allow it to be used by the Brazilian candidates for bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 329 individuals with body mass indexes (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, candidates for bariatric surgery at a reference hospital in Brazil. They were given a questionnaire that identified sociodemographic data, and the YFAS 2.0 scale, Portuguese version (BR-YFAS2.0-Obes), was applied to assess their food dependence levels. The Food Craving Questionnaire - Trait: The FCQ-T-reduced was subsequently used for a correlation analysis. RESULTS The patients' average BMI was 41.6 ± 8.8 kg/m2. Br-YFAS2.0-Obes presented an average of 4.9 ± 3.1 for the FA diagnostic criteria. The resulting values of the Comparative Fit Index, Tucker Lewis Index, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual were 0.990, 0.986, and 0.074, respectively. The internal consistency analysis of the 11 domains presented a Kuder-Richardson α of 0.82. The convergent validity, obtained through an analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficient, was r = 0.43 (p < 0.001). It was found that an increase in the number of Br-YFAS 2.0-Obes symptoms is associated with an increase in the FCQ-T-r mean. CONCLUSION Much like the YFAS 2.0 in other languages, the BR-YFAS 2.0-Obes presented adequate convergent validity, reliability, and one-factor structure results, which makes it suitable for Brazilian candidates for bariatric surgery or any individual who is within BMI > = 30 kg/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilian R Marcon
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 2350 Ramiro Barcelos St, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Mirna Brillmann
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6681 Ipiranga Av, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Niceli Guth
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo M Pozzer
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6681 Ipiranga Av, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo P Fraga
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6681 Ipiranga Av, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Margareth S Oliveira
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6681 Ipiranga Av, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Müller A, Efeler S, Laskowski NM, Pommnitz M, Mall JW, Meyer G, Wunder R, Köhler H, Hüttl TP, de Zwaan M. Postoperative Dumping Syndrome, Health-Related Quality of Life, Anxiety, Depression, and Eating Disturbances: Results of a Longitudinal Obesity Surgery Study. Obes Facts 2024; 17:201-210. [PMID: 38320543 PMCID: PMC10987184 DOI: 10.1159/000536602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the lack of research on the relationship of post-surgery dumping syndrome and eating disturbances, the purpose of the present longitudinal study was to investigate whether dumping after obesity surgery is associated with pre-/postoperative eating disorder symptoms or addiction-like eating beyond the type of surgery, gender, health-realted quality of life (HRQoL) and anxiety/depressive symptoms. METHODS The study included 220 patients (76% women) before (t0) and 6 months after (t1) obesity surgery (sleeve gastrectomy [n = 152], Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [n = 53], omega loop gastric bypass [n = 15]). The Sigstad Dumping Score was used to assess post-surgery dumping syndrome. Participants further answered the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0), Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at t0 and t1. RESULTS The point prevalence of symptoms suggestive of post-surgery dumping syndrome was 33%. Regression analyses indicate an association of dumping with surgical procedure (bypass), female gender, reduced HRQoL, more anxiety/depressive symptoms, and potentially with binge eating but not with eating disorder symptoms in general or with addiction-like eating. CONCLUSION The current study failed to show a close relationship between the presence of self-reported dumping syndrome and eating disorder symptoms or addiction-like eating following obesity surgery. Further studies with longer follow-up periods should make use of clinical interviews to assess psychosocial variables and of objective measures to diagnose dumping in addition to standardized self-ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Salih Efeler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nora M. Laskowski
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- University Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Campus East-Westphalia, Ruhr-University Bochum, Luebbecke, Germany
| | - Melanie Pommnitz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Julian W. Mall
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Bariatric Surgery, Klinikum Nordstadt, Hanover, Germany
| | - Günther Meyer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Bariatric Surgery, AMC-WolfartKlinik, Graefeling, Germany
| | - Ruth Wunder
- Department of General, Visceral, and Bariatric Surgery, DRK-Krankenhaus Clementinenhaus, Hanover, Germany
| | - Hinrich Köhler
- Department of General, Visceral, and Bariatric Surgery, Herzogin Elisabeth Hospital, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Thomas P. Hüttl
- Department of General, Visceral, and Bariatric Surgery, Dr. Lubos Kliniken Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Chapron SA, Kervran C, Da Rosa M, Fournet L, Shmulewitz D, Hasin D, Denis C, Collombat J, Monsaingeon M, Fatseas M, Gatta-Cherifi B, Serre F, Auriacombe M. Does food use disorder exist? Item response theory analyses of a food use disorder adapted from the DSM-5 substance use disorder criteria in a treatment seeking clinical sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 251:110937. [PMID: 37666092 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased consumption of food that are high in energy and sugar have been pointed as a major factor in the obesity epidemic. Impaired control of food intake and the concept of food addiction has been developed as a potential contributor. Our objective was to evaluate the dimensionality and psychometric validity of diagnostic criteria for food addiction adapted from the 11 DSM-5 substance use disorder (SUD) criteria (i.e.: Food Use Disorder (FUD) criteria), and to evaluate the influence of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). METHODS Cross-sectional observational study including 508 participants (56.1% male; mean age 42.2) from outpatient treatment clinics for obesity or addiction disorders at time of admission. FUD diagnostic criteria were analyzed using confirmatory factor and 2-parameter item response theory analyses. Differential Item and Test Functioning analyses were performed across age, gender, and BMI. RESULTS We demonstrated the one-factor dimensionality of the criteria set. The criterion "craving" presented the strongest factor loading and discrimination parameter and the second-lowest difficulty. We found some significant uniform differential item functioning for body mass index. We found some differential test functioning for gender and BMI. CONCLUSIONS This study reports, for the first time, the validity of a potential Food Use Disorder (derived from the 11 DSM-5 SUD criteria adapted to food) in a sample of treatment seeking adults. This has great implications both at the clinical level and in terms of public health policy in the context of the global obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie-Athéna Chapron
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charlotte Kervran
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marco Da Rosa
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucie Fournet
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dvora Shmulewitz
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Deborah Hasin
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cécile Denis
- SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie Collombat
- SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maude Monsaingeon
- Obesity Clinic, Haut-Leveque Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélina Fatseas
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Blandine Gatta-Cherifi
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Obesity Clinic, Haut-Leveque Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1215, Bordeaux, 33076 France
| | - Fuschia Serre
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Auriacombe
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Rivera-Mateos M, Ramos-Lopez O. Prevalence of food addiction and its association with lifestyle factors in undergraduate students from Northwest Mexico. J Addict Dis 2023; 41:308-316. [PMID: 36005830 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2022.2116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of food addiction (FA) in undergraduate students from Northwest Mexico and to examine its association with lifestyle factors, eating behaviors and food consumption.Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 326 undergraduate students, both sexes, between 18 and 25 years of age, who were enrolled in a bachelor's degree program at a public or private university in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. FA was assessed using the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0). Lifestyle (sleep patterns, physical exercise, alcohol intake, and smoking) and nutritional information (eating behaviors and food frequency consumption) was obtained through a clinical history. A multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to assess the factors associated with FA.Results: The whole prevalence of FA was 12.9%. In general, mild FA was the most frequent (5.2%), followed by severe (4.3%) and moderate (3.4%) categories. In the multivariate model, insomnia conferred a higher risk for FA (OR = 2.08, 95% CI, 1.04-4.17, p = 0.040), while the habitual consumption of fruits showed a protective effect (OR = 0.50, 95% CI, 0.25-0.98, p = 0.046). Overall, the model predicted FA in 12% (R2=0.12, p = 0.011).Conclusion: The prevalence of FA is 12.9% among undergraduate students from Northwest Mexico. Although caution should be exercised, insomnia seems to increase the risk of FA, while the habitual consumption of fruits appears to have a protective role. Additional studies are needed to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rivera-Mateos
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
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Schankweiler P, Raddatz D, Ellrott T, Hauck Cirkel C. Correlates of Food Addiction and Eating Behaviours in Patients with Morbid Obesity. Obes Facts 2023; 16:465-474. [PMID: 37544305 PMCID: PMC10601678 DOI: 10.1159/000531528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food addiction (FA) is a promising construct regarding the multifactorial aetiology of obesity and the search for therapeutic approaches. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the overlap/differentiation with eating disorders and the classification as a substance- or behaviour-related addiction. Energy-dense foods, especially those combining carbohydrates and fat, are associated with addictive eating and suspected of playing a role in the genesis of FA. This study aims to further understand the clinical significance of FA and to identify possible therapeutic targets. A special focus is set on potentially addictive foods (combination of carbohydrates and fat). METHODS Based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, a cohort of 112 German adults with morbid obesity was divided into two sub-samples (patients with and without FA), which were examined for differences in the variables listed below. RESULTS The prevalence of FA was 25%. Patients meeting criteria for FA showed higher degrees of hunger, emotional, binge, and night eating than patients without FA. In addition, hunger and disinhibition were found to be significant predictors of FA. FA was not associated with sex, age, body mass index (BMI), cognitive restraint, rigid and flexible control, prevalence of substance use, age of onset of obesity, stress level, level of social support, reduction of BMI during a weight loss programme, or programme withdrawal rate. There was no significant difference in the consumption of foods rich in both carbohydrates and fat, nor of fat or carbohydrates alone. CONCLUSION FA can be considered as a sub-phenotype of obesity, occurring in approximately 25% of obesity cases. Dysfunctional emotional coping mechanisms associated with low distress tolerance showed to be significantly related to FA and should be targeted therapeutically. Behavioural interventions should include a bio-psycho-social model. Binge eating episodes were found to be characteristic for FA and the already stated overlap between FA and binge eating behaviour can be confirmed. The results do not support a decisive difference due to a substance-related component of FA. Despite this, the existence of FA as a distinct entity cannot be excluded, as not all patients with FA exhibit binges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Schankweiler
- Institute for Nutrition and Psychology at the Georg-August-University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Raddatz
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ellrott
- Institute for Nutrition and Psychology at the Georg-August-University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Hauck Cirkel
- Institute for Nutrition and Psychology at the Georg-August-University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Horsager C, LaFata EM, Faerk E, Lauritsen MB, Østergaard SD, Gearhardt AN. Psychometric validation of the full Yale food addiction scale for children 2.0 among adolescents from the general population and adolescents with a history of mental disorder. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2023. [PMID: 36888546 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food addiction is a phenotype characterised by an addiction-like attraction to highly processed foods. Adolescence is a sensitive period for developing addictive disorders. Therefore, a valid measure to assess food addiction in adolescents is needed. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to establish a categorical scoring option for the full version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (YFAS-C 2.0), and to psychometrically validate the full YFAS-C 2.0. METHOD The data stem from the Food Addiction Denmark (FADK) Project. Random samples of 3750 adolescents from the general population aged 13-17 years, and 3529 adolescents with a history mental disorder of the same age were invited to participate in a survey including the full version of the YFAS-C 2.0. A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out and the weighted prevalence of food addiction was estimated. RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis of the YFAS-C 2.0 supported a one-factor model in both samples. The weighted prevalence of food addiction was 5.0% in the general population, and 11.2% in the population with a history of mental disorder. CONCLUSIONS The full version of the YFAS-C 2.0 is a psychometrically valid measure for assessing clinically significant food addiction in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica M LaFata
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emil Faerk
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marlene Briciet Lauritsen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Dinesen Østergaard
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital-Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Wattick RA, Olfert MD, Claydon E, Hagedorn-Hatfield RL, Barr ML, Brode C. Early life influences on the development of food addiction in college attending young adults. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:14. [PMID: 36807705 PMCID: PMC9940052 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is little investigation into the causes of food addiction. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of early life influences on the development of food addiction in college-attending young adults aged 18-29. METHODS This study utilized a sequential explanatory mixed-methods research design. College-attending young adults were invited to complete an online survey measuring Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), food addiction, depression, anxiety, stress, and demographic information. Correlations between food addiction and the other variables were analyzed and significant variables were placed into a nominal logistic regression model to predict the development of food addiction. Participants who met the criteria for food addiction were invited to participate in interviews to examine their childhood eating environment and when their symptoms emerged. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed. Quantitative analysis was conducted using JMP Pro Version 16.0 and qualitative analysis was conducted using NVIVO Software Version 12.0. RESULTS Survey respondents (n = 1645) had an overall 21.9% prevalence of food addiction. Significant correlations were observed between food addiction and ACEs, depression, anxiety, stress, and sex (p < .01 for all). Depression was the only significant predictor of the development of food addiction (OR = 3.33 95% CI 2.19, 5.05). The most common eating environment described by interview participants (n = 36) was an emphasis on diet culture, ideal body image, and restrictive environments. Symptoms frequently emerged after transitioning into college and having the ability to make their own food choices. CONCLUSION These results show the impact of early life eating environments and young adulthood mental health on the development of food addiction. These findings contribute to the understanding of underlying causes of food addiction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, Opinions of authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Wattick
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, G25 4100 Agricultural Sciences Building, 1194 Evansdale Dr., P.O. Box 6108, Morgantown, WV 26505-6108 USA
| | - Melissa D. Olfert
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, G25 4100 Agricultural Sciences Building, 1194 Evansdale Dr., P.O. Box 6108, Morgantown, WV 26505-6108 USA
| | - Elizabeth Claydon
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26505-9190 USA
| | - Rebecca L. Hagedorn-Hatfield
- Department of Nutrition, Health and Human Performance, School of Education Health and Human Sciences, Meredith College, 3800 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27607-5298 USA
| | - Makenzie L. Barr
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, 212 Funkhouser Building, Lexington, KY 40514 USA
| | - Cassie Brode
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV USA
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12
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Wattick RA, Olfert MD, Hagedorn-Hatfield RL, Barr ML, Claydon E, Brode C. Diet quality and eating behaviors of college-attending young adults with food addiction. Eat Behav 2023. [PMID: 36863205 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students are heavily influenced by their food environment and are an important population in which to study food addiction. This mixed-methods study aimed to examine diet quality and eating behaviors of college students with food addiction. METHODS Students attending a large university in November 2021 were invited to complete an online survey that measured food addiction, eating styles, eating disorder symptoms, diet quality, and anticipated feelings after eating. Kruskal-Wallis H determined differences between those with and without food addiction in mean scores of quantitative variables. Participants who met the symptom threshold for the presence of food addiction were invited to participate in an interview that elicited more information. Quantitative data was analyzed using JMP Pro Version 16.0 and qualitative data was thematically analyzed using NVIVO Pro Software Version 12.0. RESULTS Respondents (n = 1645) had a 21.9 % prevalence of food addiction. Individuals with mild food addiction had the highest scores in cognitive restraint. Those with severe food addiction had the highest scores in uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and eating disorder symptoms. Individuals with food addiction showed significantly higher negative expectancies for healthy and junk food, lower intake of vegetables, higher intakes of added sugars and saturated fat. Interview participants had problems with sweets and carbohydrates most often and described eating until physically ill, eating in response to negative emotions, dissociation while eating, and strong negative feelings after eating. CONCLUSION Findings contribute to the understanding of the behaviors, emotions, and perceptions surrounding food by this population, providing potential behaviors and cognitions to target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Wattick
- West Virginia University, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences; 4100 Agricultural Sciences Building, PO Box 6108, Morgantown, WV 26505-6108, United States of America.
| | - Melissa D Olfert
- West Virginia University, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences; 4100 Agricultural Sciences Building, PO Box 6108, Morgantown, WV 26505-6108, United States of America.
| | - Rebecca L Hagedorn-Hatfield
- Meredith College, School of Education Health & Human Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Health and Human Performance; 3800 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27607-5298, United States of America.
| | - Makenzie L Barr
- University of Kentucky, Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, 212 Funkhouser Building, Lexington, KY 40514, United States of America.
| | - Elizabeth Claydon
- West Virginia University, School of Public Health, Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26505-9190, United States of America.
| | - Cassie Brode
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, United States of America.
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Lender A, Wirtz J, Kronbichler M, Kahveci S, Kühn S, Blechert J. Differential Orbitofrontal Cortex Responses to Chocolate Images While Performing an Approach-Avoidance Task in the MRI Environment. Nutrients 2023; 15:244. [PMID: 36615903 PMCID: PMC9823553 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chocolate is one of the most frequently craved foods, and it often challenges self-regulation. These cravings may be underpinned by a neural facilitation of approach behavior toward chocolate. This preregistered study investigated the behavioral and neural correlates of such a bias using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and reaction times (RTs). Methods: A total of n = 30 frequent chocolate eaters performed a relevant-feature approach-avoidance task (AAT) in the MRI scanner using buttons to enlarge (approach) or to shrink (avoid) pictures of chocolate and inedible control objects. We tested (a) whether implicit RT-based approach biases could be measured in a supine position in the scanner, (b) whether those biases were associated with activity in reward-related brain regions such as the insula, amygdala, striatum, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and (c) whether individual RT-based bias-scores correlated with measures of chocolate craving. Results: Behaviorally, we found a highly reliable approach bias toward chocolate, defined by faster RTs in the compatible conditions (approach chocolate, avoid objects) compared to the incompatible conditions (avoid chocolate, approach objects). Neurally, this compatibility effect involved activity in the left medial OFC, a neural response that was positively correlated with individual approach bias scores. Conclusions: This study shows that the relevant feature AAT can be implemented in an fMRI setting in a supine position using buttons. An approach bias toward chocolate seems related to medial OFC activation that might serve to devalue chocolate when it has to be avoided. Our demonstration of neural and behavioral approach biases for chocolate underscores the need for stimulus-specific cognitive trainings to support healthy consumption and successful self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lender
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Janina Wirtz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neuronal Plasticity Working Group, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf Martinistrße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sercan Kahveci
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neuronal Plasticity Working Group, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf Martinistrße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Bonfada Collares Machado A, Teruya KI, Friedman R, Weydmann GJ, Remor E, Bizarro L. Gender differences in the pathway of childhood trauma, impulsivity and adult eating behaviour: a cross-sectional study. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2023; 35:42-54. [PMID: 38638062 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2023.2293904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The current cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between childhood trauma, impulsivity, binge eating symptoms, and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of males and females. We also aimed to investigate the indirect association of childhood trauma with binge eating through impulsivity while controlling for BMI.Method: Participants were 410 young adults (mean age = 20.9 years, range 18-24; female = 73.9%) who completed online measures of childhood trauma, impulsivity, binge eating symptoms, and self-reported height and weight. Mediation models were tested using multi-group structural equation modelling.Results: Childhood trauma and impulsivity were associated with an increased risk of binge eating symptoms in females but not males, corroborating previous studies. There was a significant difference in the binge eating symptoms index between sexes, but not regarding the index of childhood trauma and impulsivity. Additionally, adverse childhood experiences were associated with impulsivity and the association of childhood trauma with binge eating was mediated by impulsivity in the female sample.Conclusions: Our results suggest sex-dependent patterns and risk factors that may impact binge eating symptoms. The implications of our results suggest that impulsivity might be a vulnerability factor for binge eating, especially for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Bonfada Collares Machado
- Graduate Program in Psychology, Department of Developmental and Personality Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Katia Irie Teruya
- Graduate Program in Psychology, Department of Developmental and Personality Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rogério Friedman
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gibson Juliano Weydmann
- Graduate Program in Psychology, Department of Developmental and Personality Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Remor
- Graduate Program in Psychology, Department of Developmental and Personality Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Bizarro
- Graduate Program in Psychology, Department of Developmental and Personality Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Saffari M, Fan CW, Chang YL, Huang PC, Tung SEH, Poon WC, Lin CC, Yang WC, Lin CY, Potenza MN. Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) and modified YFAS 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0): Rasch analysis and differential item functioning. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:185. [PMID: 36443860 PMCID: PMC9703721 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction (FA) is a prevalent concern that may manifest as poorly controlled food consumption and promote overweight/obesity. Thus, having a well-established instrument for assessment may facilitate better prevention and treatment. The current study investigated the psychometric properties of two common measures of FA (i.e., the Yale Food Addiction Scale [YFAS] 2.0 and its modified version, mYFAS 2.0) using a robust statistical analysis (Rasch model). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the scales were sent to 974 students studying in higher education (60% females) in Taiwan through online media including email and social networks. Rasch modeling was used to assess dimensionality, difficulty level, and item misfit and hierarchy. Differential item functioning (DIF) was performed to examine consistency of the items across gender and weight status. RESULTS Rasch analysis indicated 3 items of the 35 items belonging to the YFAS 2.0 (8.6%) and none belonging to the mYFAS 2.0 were misfit. Unidimensionality and construct validity of both scales were supported by appropriate goodness-of-fit for diagnostic criteria. The person separation was 3.14 (reliability = 0.91) for the YFAS 2.0 and 2.17 (reliability = 0.82) for mYFAS 2.0, indicating the scales could distinguish participants into more than 3 strata. Only one substantial DIF was found for diagnostic criteria of "Failure to fulfill major role obligation" in the YFAS 2.0 across gender. CONCLUSION According to Rasch modeling, both the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 have acceptable construct validity in Chinese-speaking youth. Scoring methods using either diagnostic criteria or symptom counts for both the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 are supported by the present Rasch findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saffari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Education Department, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chia-Wei Fan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, AdventHealth University, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Yen-Ling Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ching Huang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Serene En Hui Tung
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000 Malaysia
| | - Wai Chuen Poon
- Sunway Business School, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Chien-Ching Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Yang
- Infinite Power, Lt. Co., No. 38, Yonghe 1st St., Renwu Dist., Kaohsiung, 814 Taiwan
- Faculty of School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Departments of Occupational Therapy and Public Health, and Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT USA
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
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Chen IH, Huang PC, Lin YC, Gan WY, Fan CW, Yang WC, Tung SEH, Poon WC, Griffiths MD, Lin CY. The Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 in Taiwan: Factor structure and concurrent validity. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1014447. [PMID: 36506452 PMCID: PMC9732099 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1014447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The most widely used instruments to assess food addiction - the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) and its modified version (mYFAS 2.0) - have not been validated in a Taiwanese population. The present study compared the psychometric properties between the Taiwan versions of YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 among university students. Methods An online survey comprising the YFAS 2.0, mYFAS 2.0, Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were used to assess food addiction, self-stigma, and physical activity. Results All participants (n = 687; mean age = 24.00 years [SD ± 4.48 years]; 407 females [59.2%]) completed the entire survey at baseline and then completed the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 again three months later. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 both shared a similar single-factor solution. In addition, both the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 reported good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.90 and 0.89), good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.71 and 0.69), and good concurrent validity with the total scores being strongly associated with the WSSQ (r = 0.54 and 0.57; p < 0.01), and less strongly associated with BMI (r = 0.17 and 0.13; p < 0.01) and IPAQ-SF (r = 0.23 and 0.25; p < 0.01). Discussion Based on the findings, the Taiwan versions of the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 appear to be valid and reliable instruments assessing food addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Po-Ching Huang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Early Childhood and Family Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chia-Wei Fan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, AdventHealth University, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Wen-Chi Yang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Infinite Power Ltd., Co., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Serene En Hui Tung
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai Chuen Poon
- Sunway University Business School, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Ghanbari N, Nooripour R, Firoozabadi A, Var TSP, Wisniewski P, Hosseini SR. Psychometric assessment of Persian translation of Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) in Iranian college students. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:158. [PMID: 36357951 PMCID: PMC9650813 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction at the individual level causes physical and mental health problems, impairs individuals' social functioning, and causes dysfunction in the family system. Therefore, a tool to identify this behavioral disorder is one of the health requirements of communities. This research aimed to investigate the psychometric assessment of the Persian translation of Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) in Iranian college students. METHOD This research was cross-sectional descriptive, and 451 students were selected by convenience sampling method. Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0 (YFAS 2.0), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait, reduced (FCQ-T-r) were used to collect data. RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that single-factor model provides a good fit to data (SRMR = 0.078; CFI = 0.94; NFI = 0.92; IFI = 0.94; RFI = 0.91; GFI = 0.90; RMSEA = 0.078). The YFAS's 2.0 positive correlations with three DASS-21 subscales ranged from 0.30 to 0.39, and Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait, reduced (FCQ-T-r) ranged from 0.58 to 0.72. All correlations were statistically significant, indicating acceptable convergent validity (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The validity of the Persian questionnaire translation has been confirmed. Researchers and specialists can use this scale to diagnose food addiction for research or diagnostic purposes in Iranian society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikzad Ghanbari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghieh Nooripour
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Firoozabadi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tabassom Saeid Par Var
- Addiction Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pamela Wisniewski
- Department of Computer Science Faculty Fellow, Flowers Family in Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Seyed Ruhollah Hosseini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Defining Risky Use in the Context of Food Addiction. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Niroumand Sarvandani M, Asadi M, Khosravi F, Gearhardt AN, Razmhosseini M, Soleimani M, Mohseni F, Garmabi B, Rafaiee R. Validation and Psychological Properties of the Persian Version of DSM 5 Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (PYFAS 2.0) in Non-clinical Population. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2022; 14:175-184. [PMID: 36544977 PMCID: PMC9743828 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2022.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The Yale Food Addiction Scale version 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) is used for the assessment of food addiction (FA). This research intended to evaluate the validity of the Persian translation of the questionnaire and to investigate the psychological properties and the association between FA and anthropometric indices. Methods In a sample of 473 nonclinical participants, FA, binge eating, and objectively measured anthropometric indices were assessed. Internal consistency, convergent, and validity of the PYFAS 2.0 were examined. Also, the factor structure (confirmatory factor analysis following the 11 diagnostic indicators in addition to the significant distress) and the construct of the scale were evaluated. Findings The frequencies of mild, moderate, and severe FA based on PYFAS 2.0 were 0.2%, 10%, and 5.5%, respectively. The findings supported a one-factor structure. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good construct validity (RMSEA=0.043, χ2=76.38, df=41, χ2 (CMIN)/df=1.862, GFI=0.975, AGFI=0.957, IFI=0.986, RFI=0.958, ECVI=0.319, TLI=0.978). For both the diagnostic and symptom count versions, the PYFAS 2.0 presented acceptable internal consistency (IC) (Kuder-Richardson 20=0.99 and McDonald omega=0.91). Conclusion The PYFAS 2.0 was a psychometrically sound instrument in an Iranian non-clinical population. This questionnaire can be used to study FA in Persian non-clinical populations. Future research should study the psychometric characteristics of this scale in high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Asadi
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Farideh Khosravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ashley N. Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Mohseni
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Behzad Garmabi
- Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Raheleh Rafaiee
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,Corresponding Author: Raheleh Rafaiee, Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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20
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Santiago VA, Cassin SE. Social and Occupational Impairment Among Individuals with Ultra-processed Food Addiction. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gonçalves S, Moreira CS, Machado BC, Bastos B, Vieira AI. Psychometric properties and convergent and divergent validity of the Portuguese Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (P-YFAS 2.0). Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:791-801. [PMID: 34053016 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The construct of food addiction has been gaining increased attention as a research topic. Currently, the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 is the only measure to operationalize the addictive-like eating behavior according to addiction criteria proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The present study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, as well as investigating the convergent and divergent validity between this scale and the following measures: Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, Body Investment Scale, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. We also sought to explore the moderator role of difficulties in emotion regulation in the relationship between food addiction and binge eating METHODS: A sample of 302 female college students (Mage = 21.37, SD = 3.24) completed self-report measures. RESULTS Sixteen (5.3%) participants were diagnosed as having food addiction. The confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the original one-dimensional structure is adequate to represent the Portuguese Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. The symptom count scores of the scale were correlated with body mass index, eating disordered behavior, body investment, and difficulties in emotion regulation. The severity level of the scale also discriminated the severity of eating disordered behaviors, body investment, and difficulties in emotion regulation. Finally, the relationship between food addiction and binge eating was moderated by difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior when experiencing negative emotions. CONCLUSION The Portuguese version of the Yale Food Addiction Questionnaire 2.0 may be a useful tool to investigate food addiction. LEVEL IV descriptive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Gonçalves
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Célia S Moreira
- Mathematics Department and Center of Mathematics (CMUP), Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara C Machado
- CEDH-Research Centre for Human Development, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Bastos
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Vieira
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale version 2.0 (C-mYFAS 2.0): Prevalence of food addiction and relationship with resilience and social support. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:273-284. [PMID: 33779965 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (C-mYFAS 2.0) and to analyze the prevalence of food addiction among Chinese college students and its relationship with resilience and social support. METHODS A total of 1132 Chinese college students completed the C-mYFAS 2.0, BES, EAT-26, PHQ-9, GAD-7, TFEQ-18, CD-RISC-10, and PSSS. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the factor structure of the C-mYFAS 2.0 and psychometric properties were assessed. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a sub-sample (n = 62). Spearman correlation and logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between resilience, social support, and food addiction. RESULTS The prevalence of food addiction according to the C-mYFAS 2.0 was 6.2%. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested a single-factor structure (comparative fit index = 0.961). The C-mYFAS 2.0 had good test-retest reliability and internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson's α = 0.824). Good convergent validity was indicated by correlations with binge eating, eating disorder symptoms, depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety symptoms, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and BMI (ps < 0.001). Appropriate divergent validity was reflected by no association with cognitive restraint. Finally, binge eating was significantly predicted by C-mYFAS 2.0, depressive symptoms, and eating disorder symptoms (ps < 0.001), confirming incremental validity. In addition, our study found that poorer resilience and social support were related to food addiction (ps < .001). CONCLUSIONS The C-mYFAS 2.0 is a brief but reliable and valid screening instrument for food addiction among Chinese college students. In addition, we found that resilience and social support were negatively associated with food addiction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Validation of the dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 and estimation of the weighted food addiction score in a sample of adolescents from the general population. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2563-2576. [PMID: 33550576 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity among adolescents is becoming increasingly prevalent and "food addiction" (addiction-like attraction to foods with high content of fat and refined carbohydrates) may be a potential contributor to this development. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children version 2.0 (dYFAS-C 2.0) and to estimate the weighted mean score on the dYFAS-C 2.0 (as a measure of food addiction symptom load) among adolescents from the general Danish population. METHODS A total of 3,750 adolescents aged 13-17 were randomly drawn from the general Danish population and invited to participate in a web-based survey. Data on health and socioeconomic factors from the Danish registers were linked to both respondents and non-respondents, which allowed for analysis of attrition. The total- and sex-stratified weighted mean dYFAS-C 2.0 scores were estimated using augmented inverse probability weighted estimation. RESULTS A total of n = 576 (15.4%) adolescents participated in survey of whom 55.6% were female. The confirmatory factor analysis of the dYFAS-C 2.0 supported a one-factor model. The dYFAS-C 2.0 total score was associated with eating pathology, BMI z-scores, and ADHD symptomatology. The weighted mean dYFAS-C 2.0 score was 12.1 (95% CI: 11.2;12.9), 15.0 (95% CI: 13.9;16.2) for females and 9.5 (95% CI: 8.3;10.6) for males. CONCLUSIONS The dYFAS-C 2.0 appears to be a psychometrically valid tool to assess symptoms of food addiction among adolescents. Food addiction symptom severity correlated positively with eating pathology (including restrained eating), BMI z-scores, and ADHD symptomatology. Level IV, observational cross-sectional descriptive study combined with retrospective register data.
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Sönmez Güngör E, Çelebi C, Akvardar Y. The Relationship of Food Addiction With Other Eating Pathologies and Impulsivity: A Case-Control Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:747474. [PMID: 34899418 PMCID: PMC8661135 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.747474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of food addiction (FA) has become central in recent years in understanding the psychological etiology of obesity. In this matched case-control study from Turkey, it was aimed to examine the prevalence of FA and related risk factors in four consecutive body mass index (BMI) categories. The case group consisted of pre-operative bariatric surgery patients with BMI over 35.0 kg/m2 (n = 40) and the control group was composed of age- and gender- matching individuals from the other categories, namely obese (n = 35), overweight (n = 40), and normal weight (n = 40). The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and a standardized clinical interview using the DSM-5 substance use disorders criteria adopted for FA, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ) and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) were used as assessment instruments. It was found that FA was significantly associated with more serious eating pathologies, more frequent weight-cycling and earlier onset of dieting, higher impulsivity, and higher BMI. Motor and total impulsivity scores showed a positive albeit week correlation with the severity of FA but no significant correlation with BMI, indicating a relationship between impulsivity and weight gain in some but not all individuals. The severity of FA predicted the increase in BMI. Our findings suggest that FA is associated with weight gain in a group of individuals, plausibly through impulsive overeating. Emphasis on FA and its clinical implications such as addiction-based treatments may improve outcomes in obesity and facilitate health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Sönmez Güngör
- Department of Psychiatry, Erenköy Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Çelebi
- Department of Psychiatry, Büyükçekmece Mimar Sinan State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yildiz Akvardar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sommer LM, Halbeisen G, Erim Y, Paslakis G. Two of a Kind? Mapping the Psychopathological Space between Obesity with and without Binge Eating Disorder. Nutrients 2021; 13:3813. [PMID: 34836069 PMCID: PMC8625654 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Obesity (OB) is a frequent co-morbidity in Binge Eating Disorder (BED), suggesting that both conditions share phenotypical features along a spectrum of eating-related behaviors. However, the evidence is inconsistent. This study aimed to comprehensively compare OB-BED patients against OB individuals without BED and healthy, normal-weight controls in general psychopathological features, eating-related phenotypes, and early life experiences. (2) Methods: OB-BED patients (n = 37), OB individuals (n = 50), and controls (n = 44) completed a battery of standardized questionnaires. Responses were analyzed using univariate comparisons and dimensionality reduction techniques (linear discriminant analysis, LDA). (3) Results: OB-BED patients showed the highest scores across assessments (e.g., depression, emotional and stress eating, food cravings, food addiction). OB-BED patients did not differ from OB individuals in terms of childhood traumatization or attachment styles. The LDA revealed a two-dimensional solution that distinguished controls from OB and OB-BED in terms of increasing problematic eating behaviors and attitudes, depression, and childhood adversities, as well as OB-BED from OB groups in terms of emotional eating tendencies and self-regulation impairments. (4) Conclusions: Findings support the idea of a shared spectrum of eating-related disorders but also highlight important distinctions relevant to identifying and treating BED in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marie Sommer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.M.S.); (Y.E.)
| | - Georg Halbeisen
- University Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Campus East-Westfalia, Ruhr-University Bochum, Virchowstr. 65, 32312 Luebbecke, Germany;
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.M.S.); (Y.E.)
| | - Georgios Paslakis
- University Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Campus East-Westfalia, Ruhr-University Bochum, Virchowstr. 65, 32312 Luebbecke, Germany;
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Pape M, Herpertz S, Schroeder S, Seiferth C, Färber T, Wolstein J, Steins-Loeber S. Food Addiction and Its Relationship to Weight- and Addiction-Related Psychological Parameters in Individuals With Overweight and Obesity. Front Psychol 2021; 12:736454. [PMID: 34621227 PMCID: PMC8491654 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: It is assumed that a relevant subgroup of individuals experiences an addiction-like eating behaviour (Food Addiction), characterized by an impaired control over eating behaviour, emotional eating and food craving. Individuals experiencing Food Addiction partially share common symptomatology with Binge-Eating-Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Food Addiction, general psychopathology, and associations with weight- and addiction-related constructs in individuals with overweight and obesity, who did not suffer from Binge-Eating-Disorder or Bulimia Nervosa. Methods:N=213 (67.1% female; MBMI=33.35kg/m2, SDBMI=3.79kg/m2) participants who were included in a weight loss program (I-GENDO project) reported BMI and completed questionnaires before the start of the treatment. Food Addiction severity, depressive symptoms, alcohol use disorder, internet use disorder, psychological distress, impulsivity personality trait, impulsive and emotional eating behaviour, food related inhibitory control, weight bias internalization, and self-efficacy were assessed. Results: The prevalence of Food Addiction was 15% with higher, although not statistically significant, prevalence in female (18.2%) compared to male (8.6%) participants. Food Addiction was associated with higher BMI at baseline assessment, low self-esteem, impulsive and emotional eating behaviour, weight bias internalization, and deficits in food-related inhibitory control. In addition, correlations were found between Food Addiction and severity of depressive symptoms, internet use disorder, and psychological distress. Conclusion: A relevant subgroup of participants experiences Food Addiction even when controlling for Binge-Eating-Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa. Future studies are warranted that investigate whether Food Addiction affects treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pape
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herpertz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schroeder
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.,Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Seiferth
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Färber
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Wolstein
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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Dickhut C, Hase C, Gruner-Labitzke K, Mall JW, Köhler H, de Zwaan M, Müller A. No addiction transfer from preoperative food addiction to other addictive behaviors during the first year after bariatric surgery. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2021; 29:924-936. [PMID: 34460134 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the remission of preoperative food addiction is associated with increases or new onset of other addictions within the first year following bariatric surgery. METHODS One hundred and twenty-five bariatric surgery patients were assessed before surgery (t1) and at 6 months (t2) and 1 year (t3) follow-ups. The assessments included the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) and standardized questionnaires to measure symptoms of problematic alcohol use, gambling disorder, internet-use disorder, buying-shopping disorder, hypersexual disorder and exercise dependence. RESULTS Forty-nine (39.2%) patients were assigned to the food addiction (FA+ ) and 76 patients (60.8%) to the non-food addiction group (FA- ) based on their preoperative YFAS scores. Overall, BMI and symptoms of food addiction decreased significantly from baseline to follow-ups. Preoperative food addiction status was not associated with postoperative increases or new onset of other addictions. Elevated symptoms of buying-shopping disorder, internet-use and hypersexual behaviour at baseline in the FA+ -group decreased over time and were comparable to the FA- -group at follow-ups. CONCLUSION The 'addiction transfer' or 'cross addiction' hypothesis was not supportive for alcohol addiction, gambling addiction or other behaviours that may be addictive. Further studies are needed that investigate larger samples and longer observation periods, as well as other substance-use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Dickhut
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Clinical Psychology & Sexual Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carolin Hase
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Julian W Mall
- Department of General, Vascular and Bariatric Surgery, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hinrich Köhler
- Department of Surgery, Herzogin Elisabeth Hospital, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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El Ayoubi H, Barrault S, Gateau A, Cortese S, Frammery J, Mollat E, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Grall-Bronnec M, Ballon N, Brunault P. Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among alcohol use disorder inpatients is associated with food addiction and binge eating, but not BMI. Appetite 2021; 168:105665. [PMID: 34455024 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with binge eating (BE), food addiction (FA), and obesity/higher BMI in individuals without alcohol use disorder (AUD). ADHD is highly prevalent in patients with AUD, but it is unknown whether the presence of comorbid AUD might change the nature of the association between ADHD, BE, FA and BMI (food and alcohol may either compete for the same brain neurocircuitry or share vulnerability risk factors). Here, we filled this gap by testing the association between ADHD and FA/BE in adult patients hospitalized for AUD, with the strength of simultaneously assessing childhood and adult ADHD. We also investigated the association between ADHD and BMI, and the other factors associated with BMI (FA/BE, AUD severity). METHODS We included 149 AUD inpatients between November 2018 and April 2019. We assessed both childhood and adulthood ADHD (Wender Utah Render Scale and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale), FA (modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0), BE (Binge Eating Scale), and BMI and AUD (clinical assessment). RESULTS In multivariable analyses adjusted for age, adult ADHD was associated with higher BE scores (p = .048), but not significant BE (9% vs. 7%; p = .70). ADHD was also associated with FA diagnosis and the number or FA symptoms, with larger effect size for adult (ORs: 9.45[95%CI: 2.82-31.74] and 1.38[1.13-1.69], respectively) than childhood ADHD (ORs: 4.45[1.37-14.46] and 1.40[1.13-1.75], respectively). In multivariable analysis, BMI was associated with both significant BE (p < .001) and FA diagnosis (p = .014), but not adult ADHD nor AUD severity. CONCLUSION In patients hospitalized for AUD, self-reported adult ADHD was associated with FA and BE, but not BMI. Our results set the groundwork for longitudinal research on the link between ADHD, FA, BE, and BMI in AUD inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein El Ayoubi
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France; Centre Hospitalier Louis Sevestre, La Futaie, La Membrolle sur Choisille, France; CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Centre de Soins d'Accompagnement et de Prévention en Addictologie d'Indre-et-Loire (CSAPA-37), Tours, France.
| | - Servane Barrault
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Centre de Soins d'Accompagnement et de Prévention en Addictologie d'Indre-et-Loire (CSAPA-37), Tours, France; Université de Tours, Qualipsy EE 1901, Tours, France.
| | - Adrien Gateau
- CHRU de Tours, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, Tours, France.
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, Academic Unit of Psychology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Julie Frammery
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France; Centre Hospitalier Louis Sevestre, La Futaie, La Membrolle sur Choisille, France.
| | - Elodie Mollat
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Pharmacie Philippe Maupas, Tours, France.
| | - Fréderique Bonnet-Brilhault
- CHRU de Tours, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1246, France; CHU Nantes, Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes, France.
| | - Nicolas Ballon
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
| | - Paul Brunault
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France; Université de Tours, Qualipsy EE 1901, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
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Camacho-Barcia L, Munguía L, Lucas I, de la Torre R, Salas-Salvadó J, Pintó X, Corella D, Granero R, Jiménez-Murcia S, González-Monje I, Esteve-Luque V, Cuenca-Royo A, Gómez-Martínez C, Paz-Graniel I, Forcano L, Fernández-Aranda F. Metabolic, Affective and Neurocognitive Characterization of Metabolic Syndrome Patients with and without Food Addiction. Implications for Weight Progression. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082779. [PMID: 34444940 PMCID: PMC8398101 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the food addiction (FA) model, the consumption of certain types of food could be potentially addictive and can lead to changes in intake regulation. We aimed to describe metabolic parameters, dietary characteristics, and affective and neurocognitive vulnerabilities of individuals with and without FA, and to explore its influences on weight loss progression. The sample included 448 adults (55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus cognition sub-study. Cognitive and psychopathological assessments, as well as dietary, biochemical, and metabolic measurements, were assessed at baseline. Weight progression was evaluated after a 3-year follow up. The presence of FA was associated with higher depressive symptomatology, neurocognitive decline, low quality of life, high body mass index (BMI), and high waist circumference, but not with metabolic comorbidities. No differences were observed in the dietary characteristics except for the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids consumption. After three years, the presence of FA at baseline resulted in a significantly higher weight regain. FA is associated with worse psychological and neurocognitive state and higher weight regain in adults with metabolic syndrome. This condition could be an indicator of bad prognosis in the search for a successful weight loss process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Camacho-Barcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain or (L.C.-B.); (L.M.); or (I.L.); (S.J.-M.)
| | - Lucero Munguía
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain or (L.C.-B.); (L.M.); or (I.L.); (S.J.-M.)
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain or (L.C.-B.); (L.M.); or (I.L.); (S.J.-M.)
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (X.P.); (D.C.); (R.G.); (I.G.-M.); (A.C.-R.); (C.G.-M.); (I.P.-G.); (L.F.)
- Integrative Pharmacology and Neurosciences Systems, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (CEXS-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (X.P.); (D.C.); (R.G.); (I.G.-M.); (A.C.-R.); (C.G.-M.); (I.P.-G.); (L.F.)
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Reus, 43201 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
- The Sant Joan University Hospital, Human Nutrition Unit, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (X.P.); (D.C.); (R.G.); (I.G.-M.); (A.C.-R.); (C.G.-M.); (I.P.-G.); (L.F.)
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (X.P.); (D.C.); (R.G.); (I.G.-M.); (A.C.-R.); (C.G.-M.); (I.P.-G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (X.P.); (D.C.); (R.G.); (I.G.-M.); (A.C.-R.); (C.G.-M.); (I.P.-G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain or (L.C.-B.); (L.M.); or (I.L.); (S.J.-M.)
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (X.P.); (D.C.); (R.G.); (I.G.-M.); (A.C.-R.); (C.G.-M.); (I.P.-G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada González-Monje
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (X.P.); (D.C.); (R.G.); (I.G.-M.); (A.C.-R.); (C.G.-M.); (I.P.-G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Virginia Esteve-Luque
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Aida Cuenca-Royo
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (X.P.); (D.C.); (R.G.); (I.G.-M.); (A.C.-R.); (C.G.-M.); (I.P.-G.); (L.F.)
- Integrative Pharmacology and Neurosciences Systems, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Gómez-Martínez
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (X.P.); (D.C.); (R.G.); (I.G.-M.); (A.C.-R.); (C.G.-M.); (I.P.-G.); (L.F.)
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Reus, 43201 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Indira Paz-Graniel
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (X.P.); (D.C.); (R.G.); (I.G.-M.); (A.C.-R.); (C.G.-M.); (I.P.-G.); (L.F.)
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Reus, 43201 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laura Forcano
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (X.P.); (D.C.); (R.G.); (I.G.-M.); (A.C.-R.); (C.G.-M.); (I.P.-G.); (L.F.)
- Integrative Pharmacology and Neurosciences Systems, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain or (L.C.-B.); (L.M.); or (I.L.); (S.J.-M.)
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (X.P.); (D.C.); (R.G.); (I.G.-M.); (A.C.-R.); (C.G.-M.); (I.P.-G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +349-3260-7227
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Food Addiction, Saturated Fat Intake, and Body Mass Index in Peruvian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:9964143. [PMID: 34336278 PMCID: PMC8318733 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9964143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute one of the main public health problems and represent a greater risk of mortality and morbidity for the world population. The objective of the study was to determine food addiction, saturated fat intake, and body mass index (BMI) in Peruvian adults. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional online survey was applied to 394 Peruvian adults over 18 years old residing in the three regions of the country. Participant data was collected through a prestructured online electronic survey. Food addiction was assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale self-administered questionnaire. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to measure saturated fat intake. Finally, the sociodemographic and anthropometric variables were collected through a registration form. Results There were no significant differences in food addiction between men and women (p < 0.05). More than half of the participants who presented food addiction are overweight (54.1%, p < 0.001). The highest proportion of those who had a high intake of saturated fat had a food addiction (62.6%, p < 0.001). The highest percentage of men who were overweight was higher compared to women (49.7% vs. 38.4%, p < 0.05). Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that addictive eating behaviors and high saturated fat intake should be considered as part of efforts to prevent problems related to eating, obesity, and CVD.
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Reents J, Pedersen A. Differences in Food Craving in Individuals With Obesity With and Without Binge Eating Disorder. Front Psychol 2021; 12:660880. [PMID: 34149552 PMCID: PMC8206470 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.660880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Overeating behavior is supposedly a major contributing factor to weight gain and obesity. Binge eating disorder (BED) with reoccurring episodes of excessive overeating is strongly associated with obesity. Learning models of overeating behavior and BED assume that mere confrontation with food leads to a conditioned response that is experienced as food craving. Accordingly, individuals with obesity and BED were shown to have high trait food cravings. To date, little is known about differences in state food cravings and cue reactivity at the sight of palatable food in individuals with obesity and BED compared to individuals with obesity without BED. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine differences in cue-induced, state and trait food cravings in people with obesity with and without BED. We found that all aspects of food cravings were more prevalent in individuals with obesity and BED than in individuals without BED. By implementing a food cue reactivity paradigm, our results show that individuals with obesity with BED have more cue-induced cravings than individuals with obesity without BED. Moreover, these cue-induced cravings in individuals with obesity and BED were highest for high-fat and high-sugar foods as opposed to low-calorie foods. Thus, our results emphasize the role of increased cue reactivity and craving at the sight of palatable foods in individuals with obesity and BED. Hence, our findings support etiological models of conditioned binge eating and are in line with interventions targeting cue reactivity in BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Reents
- Institut für Psychologie, Philosophische Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anya Pedersen
- Institut für Psychologie, Philosophische Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Converging vulnerability factors for compulsive food and drug use. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108556. [PMID: 33862029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly palatable foods and substance of abuse have intersecting neurobiological, metabolic and behavioral effects relevant for understanding vulnerability to conditions related to food (e.g., obesity, binge eating disorder) and drug (e.g., substance use disorder) misuse. Here, we review data from animal models, clinical populations and epidemiological evidence in behavioral, genetic, pathophysiologic and therapeutic domains. Results suggest that consumption of highly palatable food and drugs of abuse both impact and conversely are regulated by metabolic hormones and metabolic status. Palatable foods high in fat and/or sugar can elicit adaptation in brain reward and withdrawal circuitry akin to substances of abuse. Intake of or withdrawal from palatable food can impact behavioral sensitivity to drugs of abuse and vice versa. A robust literature suggests common substrates and roles for negative reinforcement, negative affect, negative urgency, and impulse control deficits, with both highly palatable foods and substances of abuse. Candidate genetic risk loci shared by obesity and alcohol use disorders have been identified in molecules classically associated with both metabolic and motivational functions. Finally, certain drugs may have overlapping therapeutic potential to treat obesity, diabetes, binge-related eating disorders and substance use disorders. Taken together, data are consistent with the hypotheses that compulsive food and substance use share overlapping, interacting substrates at neurobiological and metabolic levels and that motivated behavior associated with feeding or substance use might constitute vulnerability factors for one another. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
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Prevalence and correlates of food addiction: Systematic review of studies with the YFAS 2.0. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:191-204. [PMID: 33846067 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on food addiction (FA) has been growing and increasing interest has been seen in comprehending its mechanisms and clinical and psychological correlates of this phenomena. This field of study is specially apply to understand obesity and eating behavior issues related to eating disorders (ED). OBJECTIVES We performed a literature review that describe recent research using the updated version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0) or modified-YFAS (mYFAS 2.0), from the date of its publication. METHODS Search were performed in Web of Science, Pubmed and PsycNET databases for studies that used the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0. RESULTS The studies (n = 53) investigated adaptation and validation of the scale in different cultures (n = 13), prevalence on nonclinical populations and representative samples (n = 5), food addiction in obesity samples (n = 11), in samples with ED and disordered eating (n = 10) and studies that investigated FA in association with other clinical and psychological variables (n = 14). DISCUSSION Studies with the YFAS 2.0 reveal higher prevalence of FA in different samples, and a great association between FA and BED, BN and obesity. Implications for diagnostic of this phenomena and the overlap between FA and other disorders are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The field of FA remains an open subject and effort must be implied to understand the subjective experience of addiction related to eating and food.
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Horsager C, Faerk E, Lauritsen MB, Østergaard SD. Food addiction comorbid to mental disorders: A nationwide survey and register-based study. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:545-560. [PMID: 33458821 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Substance use disorder is highly prevalent among individuals with mental disorders. However, it remains largely unknown whether this is also the case for "food addiction"-a phenotype characterized by an addiction-like attraction to predominantly highly processed foods with a high content of refined carbohydrates and fat. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to estimate the weighted prevalence of food addiction among individuals with mental disorders. METHOD A total of 5,000 individuals aged 18-62 were randomly drawn from eight categories of major mental disorders from the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register and invited to participate in an online questionnaire-based survey, which included the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. Data on health care and sociodemographics from the Danish registers were linked to all invitees-enabling comprehensive attrition analysis and calculation of the weighted prevalence of food addiction. RESULTS A total of 1,394 (27.9%) invitees participated in the survey. Across all diagnostic categories, 23.7% met the criteria for food addiction. The weighted prevalence of food addiction was highest among individuals with eating disorders (47.7%, 95%CI: 41.2-54.2), followed by affective disorders (29.4%, 95%CI: 22.9-36.0) and personality disorders (29.0%, 95%CI: 22.2-35.9). When stratifying on sex, the prevalence of food addiction was higher among women in most diagnostic categories. DISCUSSION Food addiction is highly prevalent among individuals with mental disorders, especially in those with eating disorders, affective disorders and personality disorders. Food addiction may be an important target for efforts aimed at reducing obesity among individuals with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Horsager
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Emil Faerk
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marlene Briciet Lauritsen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Dinesen Østergaard
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Ivezaj V, Carr MM, Brode C, Devlin M, Heinberg LJ, Kalarchian MA, Sysko R, Williams-Kerver G, Mitchell JE. Disordered eating following bariatric surgery: a review of measurement and conceptual considerations. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:1510-1520. [PMID: 34083136 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders are associated with significant medical morbidity and mortality and serious psychological impairment. Individuals seeking bariatric surgery represent a high-risk group for evidencing disordered eating and eating disorders, with some patients experiencing the persistence or onset of disordered eating postsurgery. This review synthesizes the available literature on problematic or disordered eating in the bariatric field, followed by a review of measurement and conceptual considerations related to the use of eating disorder assessment tools within the bariatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meagan M Carr
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Cassie Brode
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia
| | - Michael Devlin
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Robyn Sysko
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - James E Mitchell
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
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Haghighinejad H, Tarakemehzadeh M, Jafari P, Jafari M, Ramzi M, Hedayati A. Persian Version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0: Psychometric Analysis and Setting Cutoff Point for the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-Reduced. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:179-186. [PMID: 33735551 PMCID: PMC8016689 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to evaluate the psychometric properties of Persian translation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) as a widely accepted questionnaire for the first time and to establish a cut off score for Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait-reduced (FCQ-T-r). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 330 visitors of family physician clinics in Shiraz, a city located in south of Iran, were selected. The English version of YFAS 2.0 was translated into Persian and used in this study as well as the Persian version of FCQ-T-r. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis of YFAS-2 confirmed one dimensional structure and factor loading in all eleven symptoms was above 0.4. Internal consistency for eleven symptoms was 0.813. Prevalence of food addiction in participants was 6.7% (22 participants). BMI and FCQ-T-r questionnaire score both were positively correlated with the number of food addiction symptoms but age was negatively correlated with the number of the symptoms. The ROC curve analysis showed the best suggested cut-off point for FCQ-T-r questionnaire to detect food addiction was 32.5. CONCLUSION The present study confirmed validity and reliability of Persian version of YFAS-2. It is suggested that food addiction occurs in different level of food craving behavior in different food cultures or genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peyman Jafari
- Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mani Ramzi
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arvin Hedayati
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Manzoni GM, Rossi A, Pietrabissa G, Mannarini S, Fabbricatore M, Imperatori C, Innamorati M, Gearhardt AN, Castelnuovo G. Structural validity, measurement invariance, reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the Italian version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 in patients with severe obesity and the general population. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:345-366. [PMID: 32026378 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the structural validity, measurement invariance, reliability, and some other psychometrical properties of the Italian version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2 (I-YFAS 2.0) in patients with severe obesity and the general population. METHODS 704 participants-400 inpatients with severe obesity and 304 participants enrolled from the general population-completed the I-YFAS 2.0 and questionnaires measuring eating disorder symptoms. A first confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested a hierarchical structure in which each item of the I-YFAS 2.0 loaded onto one of the twelve latent symptoms/criteria which loaded onto a general dimension of Food Addiction (FA). The second CFA tested a first-order structure in which symptoms/criteria of FA simply loaded onto a latent dimension. Measurement invariance (MI) between the group of inpatients with severe obesity and the sample from the general population was also tested. Finally, convergent validity, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and prevalence analyses were performed. RESULTS CFAs confirmed the structure for the I-YFAS 2.0 for both the hierarchical structure and the first-order structure. Configural MI and strong MI were reached for hierarchical and the first-order structure, respectively. Internal consistencies were shown to be acceptable. Prevalence of FA was 24% in the group of inpatients with severe obesity and 3.6% in the sample from the general population. CONCLUSIONS The I-YFAS 2.0 represents a valid and reliable questionnaire for the assessment of FA in both Italian adult inpatients with severe obesity and the general population, and is a psychometrically sound tool for clinical as well as research purposes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Mauro Manzoni
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 12, Padua, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 12, Padua, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Innamorati
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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van den Hoek Ostende MM, Neuser MP, Teckentrup V, Svaldi J, Kroemer NB. Can't decide how much to EAT? Effort variability for reward is associated with cognitive restraint. Appetite 2020; 159:105067. [PMID: 33307115 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Food intake is inherently variable and often characterized by episodical restraint or overeating (uncontrolled eating). Such heightened variability in intake has been associated with higher variability in the brain response to food reward, but it is an open issue whether comparable associations with elevated variability in reward seeking exist. Here, we assessed whether restraint and uncontrolled eating as markers of trait-like variability in eating are associated with higher intra-individual variability in reward seeking as captured by a cost-benefit paradigm. To test this hypothesis, 81 healthy, overnight-fasting participants (MBMI = 23.0 kg/m2 ± 3.0) completed an effort allocation task (EAT) twice. In the EAT, participants had to exert physical effort to earn monetary and food rewards and indicated levels of wanting through visual analog scales (VAS). As predicted, we found that greater trial-by-trial effort variability was associated with lower scores on cognitive restraint, rp(78) = -0.28, p = .011 (controlled for average effort). In line with previous findings, higher wanting variability was associated with higher BMI, rp(78) = 0.25, p = .026 (controlled for average effort). Collectively, our results support the idea that higher variability in reward seeking is a potential risk factor for eating beyond homeostatic need. Since associations with variability measures of reward exceeded associations with average reward seeking, our findings may indicate that variability in the representation of the reward value could be a crucial aspect driving fluctuations in food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monja P Neuser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Teckentrup
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Svaldi
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Schleichstraße 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nils B Kroemer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Hauck C, Schipfer M, Ellrott T, Cook B. The relationship between food addiction and patterns of disordered eating with exercise dependence: in amateur endurance athletes. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1573-1582. [PMID: 31654288 PMCID: PMC7581610 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Examine the prevalence and potential relationships among food addiction (FA)-as measured by Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0), eating disorders (ED)-as measured by Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS)-and exercise dependence (EXD)-as measured by Questionnaire to Diagnose Exercise Dependence in Endurance Sports (FESA), for the first time worldwide, in amateur endurance athletes. METHODS A total of 1022 German-speaking endurance athletes (44% male, Ø 36 years, Ø BMI 23 kg/m2) replied to an online questionnaire consisting of demographics, related parameters, and the German versions of YFAS 2.0, EDDS, and FESA. RESULTS Prevalence of FA, ED, and EXD was 6.2, 6.5, and 30.5%. The probability for FA increases with BMI, thoughts about food and EXD score, and decreases with age and when an ED is present. People with FA and people with ED vs. people with both, FA&ED, differed significantly in this cohort. Strong significant relationships were found between FA and EXD (X2 (1) = 15.117, p < 0.001, n = 1022). CONCLUSIONS A considerable number of amateur endurance athletes may suffer from FA. The association between FA and EXD is stronger than between ED and EXD, indicating FA as a potentially more relevant subject-than ED-for prevention or therapy in people with EXD. Further studies are needed to investigate parameters and relationships between the possibly involved types of ED, FA, and EXD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, well-designed cohort analytic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Hauck
- Institute for Nutrition and Psychology at the University of Goettingen, Humboldtallee 32, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Melanie Schipfer
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Universitaetsplatz 10, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Profusa Inc., 345 Allerton Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Thomas Ellrott
- Institute for Nutrition and Psychology at the University of Goettingen, Humboldtallee 32, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Brian Cook
- Alsana: An Eating Disorder Recovery Community, 2545 W Hillcrest Dr, Suite 205, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
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Reik A, Holzapfel C. Randomized Controlled Lifestyle Intervention (LION) Study for Weight Loss and Maintenance in Adults With Obesity-Design and Methods. Front Nutr 2020; 7:586985. [PMID: 33240920 PMCID: PMC7683381 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.586985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity, approaches for a more effective treatment especially in the long-term perspective are needed. However, studies on weight loss and maintenance show heterogeneous results with large inter-individual variations. Therefore, it is of interest to identify factors that contribute to inter-individual differences and predict the success of long-term weight management. Methods and Analysis: The primary outcome of the Lifestyle Intervention (LION) Study is to evaluate the effect of two diets (low carb vs. low fat) and two digital counseling tools (newsletter vs. mobile application) on weight maintenance 12 months after weight loss. The identification of predictive factors (e.g., genetic, epigenetic, physiological, psychological) for the success of weight loss and maintenance is a secondary outcome. Men and women with a body mass index (BMI) between 30.0 and 39.9 kg/m2, aged 18–65 years, and without severe diseases are considered eligible. After phenotyping (e.g., anthropometry, resting metabolic rate, meal challenges, blood parameters) participants will follow a formula-based, low-calorie diet (LCD) for 8 weeks. In addition, the intake of 200 g raw or cooked non-starchy vegetables are allowed per day. Subsequently, 252 participants will be randomized into one of the four intervention groups (low carb/app, low carb/newsletter, low fat/app, low fat/newsletter) for the 12-month weight maintenance step. The study will be concluded after another 12 months of follow-up. Results should provide indications for successful weight management and give insights into the personalized treatment of obesity. Ethics and Dissemination: This study has been granted ethical approval by the local Ethics Review Committee of the School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (vote: 69/19 S). Trial Registration Number: This study has been registered within ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04023942) and the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00017819).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Reik
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital "Klinikum Rechts der Isar", Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital "Klinikum Rechts der Isar", Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Schulte EM, Wadden TA, Allison KC. An evaluation of food addiction as a distinct psychiatric disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:1610-1622. [PMID: 32725769 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the state of the literature for whether food addiction may warrant consideration as a distinct psychiatric disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) using Blashfield et al.'s (1990; Comprehensive Psychiatry, 31(1), 15-19) five criteria. This framework was utilized because it has recently been applied to examine the diagnostic utility of several eating disorder phenotypes. The criteria are: (a) at least 50 journal articles published on the proposed syndrome in the past 10 years; (b) proposal of diagnostic criteria and assessment measures; (c) clinician reliability in diagnosis; (d) cohesiveness of the proposed diagnostic criteria; and (e) differentiation from similar, existing diagnostic categories. METHOD For each criterion, a literature review was conducted to examine if the minimum qualification had been met, and key findings were discussed. RESULTS Two of the criteria (literature and differentiation) have been empirically supported to extent specified. Two criteria (diagnostic criteria and syndrome) have been partially fulfilled, due to only having self-report assessment measures and no examination of the odds ratios for meeting more than one symptom, respectively. Clinician reliability has not yet been evaluated. DISCUSSION The existing literature suggests that food addiction may warrant consideration as a proposed diagnostic category in the DSM, though future research is needed to fulfill Blashfield et al.'s (1990; Comprehensive Psychiatry, 31(1), 15-19) criteria. The development of a semi-structured interview would be an impactful contribution for addressing these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Schulte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas A Wadden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelly C Allison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Bourdier L, Fatseas M, Maria AS, Carre A, Berthoz S. The Psycho-Affective Roots of Obesity: Results from a French Study in the General Population. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102962. [PMID: 32998238 PMCID: PMC7650670 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the extent to which obese people differ in their emotionally driven and addictive-like eating behaviors from normal-weight and overweight people. A total of 1142 participants were recruited from a general population, by a web-based cross-sectional survey assessing anxiety/depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), emotional eating (Emotional Appetite Questionnaire), food addiction (modified Yale Food Addiction Scale), and intuitive eating (Intuitive Eating Scale-2). The statistical design was based on analyses of (co)variance, correlograms, and mediations. A set of Body Mass Index (BMI) group comparisons showed that obese people reported higher levels of depression and emotional eating and that they experienced more severe and frequent food addiction symptoms than overweight and normal-weight people. Associations between anxiety, depression, food addiction symptoms’ count, and the difficulties to rely on hunger and satiety cues were found across all weight classes, suggesting that addictive-like eating may represent a unique phenotype of problematic eating behavior that is not synonymous with high BMI or obesity. Conversely, the interrelation between anxiety/depression, emotional eating, and the difficulties to rely on hunger and satiety cues was found only among obese participants, and negative emotional eating mediated the association between depression and anxiety and the difficulties to rely on hunger and satiety cues. This study emphasizes the necessity to develop more comprehensive approaches integrating emotional dysregulation and addictive-like eating behaviors to improve weight management and quality of life of obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bourdier
- Addictology Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Melina Fatseas
- Addictology Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
- CNRS, EPHE, INCIA, UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Anne-Solène Maria
- Private Practice, Stimulus Consulting Ltd., Coastal Road, Cascavelle 90203, Mauritius;
- UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Carre
- LIP/PC2S, Grenoble Alpes University and Savoie Mont Blanc University, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Sylvie Berthoz
- CNRS, EPHE, INCIA, UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
- Department of Psychiatry for Adolescents and Young Adults, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 75014 Paris, France
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Lawson JL, Wiedemann AA, Carr MM, Kerrigan SG. Considering Food Addiction through a Cultural Lens. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020; 7:387-394. [PMID: 34336546 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Research suggests that cultural factors influence eating behaviors, however little is known about the relationship between food addiction and culture. This narrative review aimed to i) review theoretically related work on the relationship between sociocultural demographic variables, food cravings, and eating disorders; ii) review the available literature assessing cultural aspects of food addiction, specifically the rates of food addiction across the globe and notable differences in relevant sociodemographic variables: race, ethnicity, gender and acculturation level; iii) discuss the potential impact of culture on our current understanding of food addiction and future research directions emphasizing the inclusion of sociocultural variables. Recent Findings Preliminary data suggest that food addiction symptoms occur cross-culturally, and that there may be significant differences between sociodemographic groups. Issues related to adequate lexicalization of concepts central to food addiction (e.g., craving, addiction) and global variations in eating culture and presentation of similar constructs (e.g. binge-eating) contribute to questions raised and identify avenues for further research. Summary Multidimensional cultural assessment is called for to characterize food addiction among diverse groups and improve our understanding of the etiology, maintenance, and sequelae of food addiction cross-culturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Lawson
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516.,Yale School of Medicine, Psychiatry Department, New Haven, CT 06511
| | | | - Meagan M Carr
- Yale School of Medicine, Psychiatry Department, New Haven, CT 06511
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Lescher M, Wegmann E, Müller SM, Laskowski NM, Wunder R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Szycik GR, de Zwaan M, Müller A. A Randomized Study of Food Pictures-Influenced Decision-Making Under Ambiguity in Individuals With Morbid Obesity. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:822. [PMID: 33061909 PMCID: PMC7518028 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In addition to craving responses to salient food cues, the anticipation of short-term rewarding consumption of palatable food may overrun the anticipation of long-term negative consequences of obesity. The present investigation addressed the potential interplay of food cravings and decision-making abilities in individuals with obesity. METHOD Study 1 included 107 bariatric surgery candidates with class 2/3 obesity (OB-group) and study 2 included 54 individuals with normal weight/pre-obesity (nonOB-group). In both studies, standardized questionnaires concerning food cravings, food addiction, and psychopathology were administered. A cue-reactivity paradigm was used to measure craving responses toward semi-individualized images of highly palatable, processed food/fruit (appetitive food cues) compared to images of raw vegetables (non-appetitive food cues). Decision-making was measured with a modified computerized version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) with food pictures. Both groups were divided into two subgroups that were randomized to different IGT conditions. In one IGT condition the advantageous IGT card decks were covered by pictures of palatable, processed food or fruit and the disadvantageous decks by images of raw vegetables (= congruent condition), and in the other IGT condition vice versa. RESULTS Participants in the OB-group admitted on average higher craving responses toward palatable, processed food or fruit cues compared to pictures of raw vegetables. This was not the case in the nonOB-group. Contrary to our hypothesis, decision-making performance in both groups was worse when pictures of palatable, processed food or fruit were associated with advantageous IGT card decks compared to performance when those pictures were linked to the disadvantageous decks. The interference effect of food pictures processing on advantageous decision-making has been observed particularly in those individuals of the OB-group who exhibited high craving responses toward palatable, processed food cues or high levels of food addiction. DISCUSSION The results indicate that food pictures processing interferes with decision-making, regardless of weight status. Opposed to the hypothesis, stronger tendencies to avoid than to approach pictures presenting processed, tasty food were observed. Further research should examine how cognitive avoidance tendencies toward processed, high energy food and approach tendencies toward healthy food can be transferred to real life situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Lescher
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisa Wegmann
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Silke M Müller
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Nora M Laskowski
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Wunder
- Surgical Department, Clementinenhaus, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Bellvitge-IDIBELL and CIBEROBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregor R Szycik
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Kircaburun K, Ünübol H, Sayar GH, Stavropoulos V, Griffiths MD. Measurement, prevalence, and psychological risk factors associated with addictive food consumption: Development of a new food addiction scale and evidence from a national largescale sample. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:836-852. [PMID: 32903203 PMCID: PMC8943666 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To date, a number of studies have investigated the prevalence and correlates of addictive food consumption. However, these studies have mostly relied on models that comprised a narrow range of variables in often small and heterogenous samples. The purpose of the present study was to comprehensively examine the measurement aspects, the prevalence, and the psychological correlates of addictive eating among a largescale national sample of Turkish adults. METHOD Participants (N = 24,380, 50% men, Mage = 31.79 years, age range = 18-81 years) completed a battery of tests including the Food Addiction Risk Questionnaire (FARQ), the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised. RESULTS According to analyses conducted, the FARQ had a uni-dimensional factor structure. Based on Item Response Theory (IRT) calculated cut-off scores, 2.3% of the participants were at risk of addictive eating patterns, whilst criteria varied in their discriminating ability. The correlates of addictive food consumption were being male, being younger, having lower education, presenting with higher alcohol use, psychiatric symptoms, alexithymia, positive/negative affect, and anxious attachment. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a minority of Turkish community are at risk for addictive food consumption and that adverse psychological states promote this problematic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kagan Kircaburun
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK,Educational Sciences Department, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Hüseyin Ünübol
- Institute of Social Sciences, Psychology Department, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökben H. Sayar
- Institute of Social Sciences, Clinical Psychology Department, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Psychiatric Aspects of Obesity: A Narrative Review of Pathophysiology and Psychopathology. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082344. [PMID: 32717793 PMCID: PMC7463475 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, obesity has become a major concern for clinical and public health. Despite the variety of available treatments, the outcomes remain—by and large—still unsatisfactory, owing to high rates of nonresponse and relapse. Interestingly, obesity is being associated with a growing surge of neuropsychiatric problems, certainly related to the pathogenesis of this condition, and likely to be of great consequence as for its treatment and prognosis. In a neurobiologic direction, a sturdy body of evidence has recently shown that the immune–metabolic–endocrine dyscrasias, notoriously attached to excess body weight/adiposity, affect and impair the morpho-functional integrity of the brain, thus possibly contributing to neuroprogressive/degenerative processes and behavioral deviances. Likewise, in a neuropsychiatric perspective, obesity displays complex associations with mood disorders and affective temperamental dimensions (namely cyclothymia), eating disorders characterized by overeating/binge-eating behaviors, ADHD-related executive dysfunctions, emotional dysregulation and motivational–addictive disturbances. With this review, we attempt to provide the clinician a synoptic, yet exhaustive, tool for a more conscious approach to that subset of this condition, which could be reasonably termed “psychiatric” obesity.
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Ivezaj V, Wiedemann AA, Lawson JL, Grilo CM. Food Addiction in Sleeve Gastrectomy Patients with Loss-of-Control Eating. Obes Surg 2020; 29:2071-2077. [PMID: 30847764 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-03805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food addiction and binge eating share overlapping and non-overlapping features; the presence of both may represent a more severe obesity subgroup among treatment-seeking samples. Loss-of-control (LOC) eating, a key marker of binge eating, is one of the few consistent predictors of suboptimal weight outcomes post-bariatric surgery. This study examined whether co-occurring LOC eating and food addiction represent a more severe variant post-bariatric surgery. METHODS One hundred thirty-one adults sought treatment for weight/eating concerns approximately 6 months post-sleeve gastrectomy surgery. The Eating Disorder Examination-Bariatric Surgery Version assessed LOC eating, picking/nibbling, and eating disorder psychopathology. Participants completed the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II), and the Short-Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36). RESULTS 17.6% met food addiction criteria on the YFAS. Compared to those without food addiction, the LOC group with food addiction reported significantly greater eating disorder and depression scores, more frequent nibbling/picking and LOC eating, and lower SF-36 functioning. CONCLUSION Nearly 18% of post-operative patients with LOC eating met food addiction criteria on the YFAS. Co-occurrence of LOC and food addiction following sleeve gastrectomy signals a more severe subgroup with elevated eating disorder psychopathology, problematic eating behaviors, greater depressive symptoms, and diminished functioning. Future research should examine whether this combination impacts long-term bariatric surgery outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ivezaj
- Yale School of Medicine, 301 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | | | - Jessica L Lawson
- Yale School of Medicine, 301 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Yale School of Medicine, 301 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.,Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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Yang Z, Paudel KP, Wen X, Sun S, Wang Y. Food Safety Risk Information-Seeking Intention of WeChat Users in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2376. [PMID: 32244472 PMCID: PMC7177356 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Consumers' food safety risk information-seeking behavior plays a vital role in improving their food quality and safety awareness and preventing food safety risks. Based on the Risk Information Seeking and Processing Model (RISP), this paper empirically analyzes the food safety risk information-seeking intention of consumers in WeChat and influencing factors under the impact of food safety incidents. We use data from 774 WeChat users and apply the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. We also conduct multigroup analysis with demographic characteristics as moderating variables. The results demonstrated that: (1) Risk perception (p ≤ 0.01) has direct significant positive effects on consumers' intention to seek food safety information. Besides, higher risk perception (p ≤ 0.01) regarding food safety risks will make people feel more anxious and threatened, and then expand the gap between the information they need and the relevant knowledge they actually have (p ≤ 0.1), which will further stimulate them to seek more information (p ≤ 0.05). (2) Informational subjective norms (p ≤ 0.01) can not only directly affect consumers' information-seeking about food safety, but also indirectly affect consumers' intention through information insufficiency (p ≤ 0.01). (3) The more consumers trust the relevant channels (p ≤ 0.01), the stronger their intention to search for food safety risk information. Moreover, the multiple-group analysis also shows that the effects of consumers' gender, age, educational background, and average monthly earnings are different among different groups. Furthermore, implications are put forward for food safety risk communication efforts in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Yang
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.Y.); (S.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Krishna P. Paudel
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Louisiana State University (LSU) and LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Xiaowei Wen
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.Y.); (S.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Sangluo Sun
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.Y.); (S.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.Y.); (S.S.); (Y.W.)
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Cardoso TQ, Pereira CW, de Souza Costa T, da CostaLima MD. Translation and validation of the addiction-like Eating Behavior Scale from English to Portuguese in Brazil. J Addict Dis 2020; 38:113-121. [PMID: 32193994 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1724607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eating addiction is an important condition related to obesity. The Addiction-like Eating Behavior Scale (AEBS) was recently validated in English to evaluate addictive eating behaviors. To perform the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the AEBS scale to Portuguese to identify eating addictions in the Brazilian population. The AEBS translation, adaptation, and validation followed previously published criteria, including the steps of translation, back translation, evaluation by a committee of judges, and a pretest with 40 students. Subsequently, 150 students from the Medical School at the Recife Campus of the Federal University of Pernambuco were tested using the AEBS-Portuguese version (AEBS-p). Of these, 37 were evaluated a second time for a test-retest analysis. For data collection, 5 instruments were used: the AEBS-p, a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0)-Portuguese version, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Binge Eating Scale (BES), and the Socio-demographic Questionnaire. The AEBS-p showed good reliability, based on a significant internal consistency value (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91), and good correlation in the test-retest evaluation. A committee of judges considered the content validity appropriate. Convergent validation was positive with the mYFAS 2.0 and BES (p < 0.001). The AEBS-p showed a significant correlation with body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and significantly predicted variance in BMI that was accounted for by both the mYFAS 2.0 and BES (p = 0.022). The AEBS-p demonstrated good reliability and validity for evaluating addictive eating behaviors in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Queiroz Cardoso
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences - UFPE, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Tainah de Souza Costa
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, USP (University of São Paulo), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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