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Sanchez N, Chen M, Ho S, Spinner H, Vagadori J, Neiser A, Padilla K, Bristol M, Winfield E, Thorstad I, Gulley LD, Lucas-Thompson RG, Pyle L, Thompson T, Estrada DE, Basch M, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Kelsey MM, Mackey ER, Shomaker LB. Mindfulness-based intervention for depression and insulin resistance in adolescents: Protocol for BREATHE, a multisite, pilot and feasibility randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 141:107522. [PMID: 38580104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated depression symptoms have been associated with higher insulin resistance in adolescents, and consequently, greater risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) may be suited for adolescents at risk for T2D given its potential to decrease depression and improve stress-related behavior/physiology underpinning insulin resistance. To prepare for a future multisite efficacy randomized controlled trial, a rigorous, multisite, pilot and feasibility study is needed to test this approach. The current paper describes the design and protocol for a multisite, pilot and feasibility randomized controlled trial of six-week MBI, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and health education (HealthEd) group interventions, to assess multisite fidelity, feasibility, and acceptability. METHODS Participants are N = 120 adolescents ages 12-17, with body mass index (BMI) ≥85th percentile, elevated depression symptoms (20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale total score > 20), and family history of diabetes. Enrollment occurs across four United States (US) sites, two in Colorado, one in Washington, D·C., and one in Maryland. Group interventions are delivered virtually by trained psychologists and co-facilitators. Assessments occur at baseline, six-week follow-up, and one-year follow-up. RESULTS Primary outcomes are intervention implementation fidelity, based upon expert ratings of audio-recorded sessions (≥80% adherence/competence), and recruitment feasibility, based upon percentage enrollment of eligible youth (≥80%). Secondary outcomes are intervention training fidelity/feasibility/acceptability, recruitment timeframe, and retention/assessment feasibility. CONCLUSION Findings will inform optimization of training, recruitment, intervention delivery, retention, and assessment protocols for a multisite, efficacy randomized controlled trial evaluating MBI for decreasing depression and improving insulin resistance in adolescents at risk for developing T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sanchez
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, USA.
| | - Michele Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Sally Ho
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, USA
| | - Holly Spinner
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, USA
| | - Jack Vagadori
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, USA
| | - Abigail Neiser
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, USA
| | - Kimberly Padilla
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, USA
| | - Madison Bristol
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Elijah Winfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Isabel Thorstad
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, USA
| | - Lauren D Gulley
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, USA; Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Talia Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Doris E Estrada
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, USA
| | - Molly Basch
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, USA; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University, USA
| | - Megan M Kelsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Eleanor R Mackey
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA; Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Spiga F, Tomlinson E, Davies AL, Moore TH, Dawson S, Breheny K, Savović J, Hodder RK, Wolfenden L, Higgins JP, Summerbell CD. Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 5:CD015330. [PMID: 38763518 PMCID: PMC11102824 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015330.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of obesity in adolescents is an international public health priority. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is over 25% in North and South America, Australia, most of Europe, and the Gulf region. Interventions that aim to prevent obesity involve strategies that promote healthy diets or 'activity' levels (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and/or sleep) or both, and work by reducing energy intake and/or increasing energy expenditure, respectively. There is uncertainty over which approaches are more effective, and numerous new studies have been published over the last five years since the previous version of this Cochrane Review. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions that aim to prevent obesity in adolescents by modifying dietary intake or 'activity' levels, or a combination of both, on changes in BMI, zBMI score and serious adverse events. SEARCH METHODS We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was February 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials in adolescents (mean age 12 years and above but less than 19 years), comparing diet or 'activity' interventions (or both) to prevent obesity with no intervention, usual care, or with another eligible intervention, in any setting. Studies had to measure outcomes at a minimum of 12 weeks post baseline. We excluded interventions designed primarily to improve sporting performance. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. Our outcomes were BMI, zBMI score and serious adverse events, assessed at short- (12 weeks to < 9 months from baseline), medium- (9 months to < 15 months) and long-term (≥ 15 months) follow-up. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS This review includes 74 studies (83,407 participants); 54 studies (46,358 participants) were included in meta-analyses. Sixty studies were based in high-income countries. The main setting for intervention delivery was schools (57 studies), followed by home (nine studies), the community (five studies) and a primary care setting (three studies). Fifty-one interventions were implemented for less than nine months; the shortest was conducted over one visit and the longest over 28 months. Sixty-two studies declared non-industry funding; five were funded in part by industry. Dietary interventions versus control The evidence is very uncertain about the effects of dietary interventions on body mass index (BMI) at short-term follow-up (mean difference (MD) -0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.41 to 0.06; 3 studies, 605 participants), medium-term follow-up (MD -0.65, 95% CI -1.18 to -0.11; 3 studies, 900 participants), and standardised BMI (zBMI) at long-term follow-up (MD -0.14, 95% CI -0.38 to 0.10; 2 studies, 1089 participants); all very low-certainty evidence. Compared with control, dietary interventions may have little to no effect on BMI at long-term follow-up (MD -0.30, 95% CI -1.67 to 1.07; 1 study, 44 participants); zBMI at short-term (MD -0.06, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.01; 5 studies, 3154 participants); and zBMI at medium-term (MD 0.02, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.21; 1 study, 112 participants) follow-up; all low-certainty evidence. Dietary interventions may have little to no effect on serious adverse events (two studies, 377 participants; low-certainty evidence). Activity interventions versus control Compared with control, activity interventions do not reduce BMI at short-term follow-up (MD -0.64, 95% CI -1.86 to 0.58; 6 studies, 1780 participants; low-certainty evidence) and probably do not reduce zBMI at medium- (MD 0, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.05; 6 studies, 5335 participants) or long-term (MD -0.05, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.02; 1 study, 985 participants) follow-up; both moderate-certainty evidence. Activity interventions do not reduce zBMI at short-term follow-up (MD 0.02, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.05; 7 studies, 4718 participants; high-certainty evidence), but may reduce BMI slightly at medium-term (MD -0.32, 95% CI -0.53 to -0.11; 3 studies, 2143 participants) and long-term (MD -0.28, 95% CI -0.51 to -0.05; 1 study, 985 participants) follow-up; both low-certainty evidence. Seven studies (5428 participants; low-certainty evidence) reported data on serious adverse events: two reported injuries relating to the exercise component of the intervention and five reported no effect of intervention on reported serious adverse events. Dietary and activity interventions versus control Dietary and activity interventions, compared with control, do not reduce BMI at short-term follow-up (MD 0.03, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.13; 11 studies, 3429 participants; high-certainty evidence), and probably do not reduce BMI at medium-term (MD 0.01, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.11; 8 studies, 5612 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) or long-term (MD 0.06, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.16; 6 studies, 8736 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) follow-up. They may have little to no effect on zBMI in the short term, but the evidence is very uncertain (MD -0.09, 95% CI -0.2 to 0.02; 3 studies, 515 participants; very low-certainty evidence), and they may not reduce zBMI at medium-term (MD -0.05, 95% CI -0.1 to 0.01; 6 studies, 3511 participants; low-certainty evidence) or long-term (MD -0.02, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.01; 7 studies, 8430 participants; low-certainty evidence) follow-up. Four studies (2394 participants) reported data on serious adverse events (very low-certainty evidence): one reported an increase in weight concern in a few adolescents and three reported no effect. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence demonstrates that dietary interventions may have little to no effect on obesity in adolescents. There is low-certainty evidence that activity interventions may have a small beneficial effect on BMI at medium- and long-term follow-up. Diet plus activity interventions may result in little to no difference. Importantly, this updated review also suggests that interventions to prevent obesity in this age group may result in little to no difference in serious adverse effects. Limitations of the evidence include inconsistent results across studies, lack of methodological rigour in some studies and small sample sizes. Further research is justified to investigate the effects of diet and activity interventions to prevent childhood obesity in community settings, and in young people with disabilities, since very few ongoing studies are likely to address these. Further randomised trials to address the remaining uncertainty about the effects of diet, activity interventions, or both, to prevent childhood obesity in schools (ideally with zBMI as the measured outcome) would need to have larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spiga
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eve Tomlinson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Annabel L Davies
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Theresa Hm Moore
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Dawson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Katie Breheny
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jelena Savović
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca K Hodder
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Julian Pt Higgins
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Carolyn D Summerbell
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Durham University, Durham, UK
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Singtakaew A, Chaimongkol N, Puangladda S, Wongpiromsarn Y. Effects of the mindfulness program for male substance abusers in Thailand on stress, deliberate self-harm, and drug abstinence intention: A repeated-measure design. BELITUNG NURSING JOURNAL 2024; 10:231-239. [PMID: 38690307 PMCID: PMC11056840 DOI: 10.33546/bnj.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Substance abuse is prevalent among males, and mindfulness could serve as a means of helping individuals suffering from the adverse effects of substance abuse find relief. Objective This study employed a one-group repeated-measure design and aimed to evaluate the effects of the mindfulness program on stress, deliberate self-harm, and drug abstinence intention among male substance abusers. Methods The mindfulness program was implemented for Thai males with a history of narcotic drug use. Five participants were recruited from a rehabilitation institute in Thailand using convenience sampling. The program consisted of eight sessions over four weeks. The study outcomes were measured at three time points: pre-intervention (Time 1, Week 1), post-intervention (Time 2, Week 4), and follow-up (Time 3, Week 6). Research instruments included the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Drug Abstinence Intention Questionnaire, all of which had Cronbach's alpha values above 0.80. Data analysis was carried out using the Friedman test and Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results The eight-session program was implemented as intended, with a retention rate of 100%. The mean scores of deliberate self-harm and drug abstinence intention were significantly different across the three time points (χ2 = 10.000 and χ2 = 9.579, p <0.01, respectively). After conducting pairwise comparisons, the mean scores of deliberate self-harm at Time 2 and Time 3 were significantly lower than those at Time 1. Additionally, the mean scores of drug abstinence intention at Time 2 and Time 3 were higher than those at Time 1. However, the mean score of stress did not have a significant difference. Conclusion This program was both acceptable and effective in reducing deliberate self-harm and improving drug abstinence intention. These findings suggest that nurses and healthcare teams involved in caring for individuals with substance abuse issues could utilize this intervention alongside other therapies or hospital treatments. Consequently, relapse prevention among substance abusers could be achieved.Thai Clinical Trials Registry Number: TCTR20230404001.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Skaorat Puangladda
- Srithanya Hospital, Department of Mental health, Ministry of Public health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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Miller RL, Bernstein RM, Sanchez N, Gutierrez-Colina AM, Ruzicka EB, Bell C, Johnson SA, Shomaker LB, Lucas-Thompson RG. Daily mindfulness, negative affect, and eating behaviors in adolescents at risk for excess weight gain. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:1801-1806. [PMID: 37158635 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss-of-control and overeating are common in adolescents with high body mass index (BMI). Mindfulness may affect negative affect, and both may relate to loss-of-control and overeating. Yet, there is limited understanding of these associations in adolescents' daily lives. METHODS Forty-five adolescents (77% female; Mage = 14.4 years, SDage = 1.7 years) with high weight (92% with BMI [kg/m2 ] ≥85th percentile for age/sex) provided daily, repeated measurements of mindfulness, negative affect, loss-of-control, and overeating for ~7 days (M = 5.6 days; range = 1-13). Multilevel mixed modeling was conducted to test within-person (intraindividual) and between-person (interindividual) associations for the same-day (concurrent) and next-day (time-ordered/prospective). RESULTS There were within-person and between-person associations of higher mindfulness with lower negative affect on the same-day and next-day. Greater between-person mindfulness related to lower odds of adolescents' loss-of-control occurrence (same-day) and conversely, more perceived control over eating (same-day and next-day). Greater within-person mindfulness related to less odds of next-day overeating. DISCUSSION Dynamic relations exist among mindfulness, negative affect, and eating in adolescents at-risk for excess weight gain. Mindfulness may be an important element to consider in loss-of-control and overeating. Future work using momentary-data within an experimental design would help disentangle the intraindividual effects of increasing mindfulness/decreasing negative affect on disordered eating. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Loss-of-control and overeating are common in teenagers with high weight. Greater mindfulness-present-moment, non-judgmental attention-and less negative emotions may relate to healthier eating, but we do not know how these processes play out in teenagers' daily lives. Addressing this knowledge gap, the current findings showed that greater daily mindfulness, but not negative affect, related to less loss-of-control/overeating, suggesting the importance of mindfulness for eating patterns in teenagers' daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan L Miller
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ruth M Bernstein
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Bariatric & Weight Management Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalia Sanchez
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ana M Gutierrez-Colina
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Ruzicka
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher Bell
- Department of Healthy & Exercise Science, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Maffeis C, Olivieri F, Valerio G, Verduci E, Licenziati MR, Calcaterra V, Pelizzo G, Salerno M, Staiano A, Bernasconi S, Buganza R, Crinò A, Corciulo N, Corica D, Destro F, Di Bonito P, Di Pietro M, Di Sessa A, deSanctis L, Faienza MF, Filannino G, Fintini D, Fornari E, Franceschi R, Franco F, Franzese A, Giusti LF, Grugni G, Iafusco D, Iughetti L, Lera R, Limauro R, Maguolo A, Mancioppi V, Manco M, Del Giudice EM, Morandi A, Moro B, Mozzillo E, Rabbone I, Peverelli P, Predieri B, Purromuto S, Stagi S, Street ME, Tanas R, Tornese G, Umano GR, Wasniewska M. The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:69. [PMID: 37291604 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This Position Statement updates the different components of the therapy of obesity (lifestyle intervention, drugs, and surgery) in children and adolescents, previously reported in the consensus position statement on pediatric obesity of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Lifestyle intervention is the first step of treatment. In children older than 12 years, pharmacotherapy is the second step, and bariatric surgery is the third one, in selected cases. Novelties are available in the field of the medical treatment of obesity. In particular, new drugs demonstrated their efficacy and safety and have been approved in adolescents. Moreover, several randomized control trials with other drugs are in process and it is likely that some of them will become available in the future. The increase of the portfolio of treatment options for obesity in children and adolescents is promising for a more effective treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Maffeis
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Olivieri
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Department of Health Science, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Licenziati
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuro-Endocrine Diseases and Obesity Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gloria Pelizzo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Salerno
- Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Buganza
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonino Crinò
- Autoimmune Endocrine Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Corica
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Destro
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Procolo Di Bonito
- Department of Internal Medicine, S. Maria Delle Grazie Hospital, Naples, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mario Di Pietro
- Pediatric and Neonatal Unit, Hospital of Teramo and Atri, Teramo, Italy
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa deSanctis
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionan Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Fintini
- Refernce Center for Prader Willi Syndrome, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Fornari
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Franco
- Pediatric Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale, Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Adriana Franzese
- Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lia Franca Giusti
- Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP), Lucca, Italy
| | - Graziano Grugni
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Verbania, Italy
| | - Dario Iafusco
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatric Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lera
- Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP), Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Alice Maguolo
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Mancioppi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anita Morandi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Moro
- UOSD Diabetology, Complesso Ai Colli, AULSS 6 Euganea, Padua, Italy
| | - Enza Mozzillo
- Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Paola Peverelli
- Department of Pediatrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Belluno, Belluno, Italy
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatric Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Stagi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Paediatrics, University of Parma, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rita Tanas
- Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP), Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rosaria Umano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Wasniewska
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Kao TSA, Ling J, Alanazi M, Atwa A, Suriyawong W. Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on anthropometric outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023:S1871-403X(23)00046-7. [PMID: 37211464 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on anthropometrics remain obscure. This review quantitatively synthesizes the effects of MBIs on decreasing body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), weight, and percent body fat (%BF). METHODS Seven databases, including CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, and Sociological Abstracts were searched; studies with a comparison group were selected. Random-effects models were then applied to estimate the pooled effects (Hedge's g), while exploratory moderation analyses with mixed-effects models were performed to explore potential moderators of MBIs on anthropometrics. RESULTS The pooled effect size was -0.36 (p < .001) on BMI, -0.52 (p < .001) on WC, -1.20 (p < .004) on weight loss, and -0.43 (p = .389) on %BF. The long-term effects from baseline to follow-up and from post-intervention to follow-up were sustained on BMI (-0.37, p = .027; -.24, p = .065) and weight loss (-1.91, p = .027; -0.74, p = .011) respectively. For weight loss, adding mindful movement had greater effects than those without (-2.65 vs -0.39, p < .001). CONCLUSION Our findings support the short-term MBI effects on BMI reduction, WC, weight, and %BF, and long-term effects on reducing BMI and weight. Future efforts should focus on sustaining effects on reducing WC and %BF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiying Ling
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed Alanazi
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, USA; University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Atwa
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Cassidy O, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Waters AJ, Shank LM, Pine A, Quattlebaum M, DeLeon PH, Bragg M, Sbrocco T. The impact of racially-targeted food marketing and attentional biases on consumption in Black adolescent females with and without obesity: Pilot data from the Black Adolescent & Entertainment (BAE) study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279871. [PMID: 36662840 PMCID: PMC9858861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy food advertisements ("advertisements" hereafter referred to as "ads") are linked to poor diet and obesity, and food companies disproportionally target Black youth. Little is known about the mechanisms whereby food ads influence diet. One possibility may be racially-targeted ads that appeal to Black youth. Those with food-related attentional biases may be especially vulnerable. The objective of this project was to assess the feasibility and initial effects of a pilot study testing the influence of racially-targeted food ads and food-related attentional biases on eating behaviors among a sample of Black adolescent females. Feasibility of recruitment, retention, and procedures were examined. Participants (N = 41, 12-17y) were randomized to view a television episode clip of the Big Bang Theory embedded with either four 30-second racially-targeted food ads or neutral ads. A computer dot probe task assessed food-related attentional biases. The primary outcome was caloric consumption from a laboratory test meal. Interactions based on weight and ethnic identity were also examined. Analyses of variance and regressions were used to assess main and interaction effects. Exposure to racially-targeted food ads (versus neutral ads) did not affect energy consumption (p > .99). Although not statistically significant, adolescents with obesity consumed nearly 240 kcal more than non-overweight adolescents (p = 0.10). There were no significant preliminary effects related to food-related attentional biases or ethnic identity (ps = 0.22-0.79). Despite a non-significant interaction, these data provide preliminary support that adolescents with obesity may be particularly vulnerable to racially-targeted food ads. An adequately powered trial is necessary to further elucidate the associations among racially-targeted food ads among Black adolescent girls with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omni Cassidy
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health/Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Waters
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Shank
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Abigail Pine
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary Quattlebaum
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Patrick H. DeLeon
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Daniel K. Inouyé Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marie Bragg
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health/Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tracy Sbrocco
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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Bernstein R, Conte I, Gulley LD, Miller RL, Clark ELM, Lucas-Thompson RG, Shomaker LB. Bringing attention to friendship: moderating Effects of Mindfulness on the interpersonal model of disordered eating in adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Hodder RK, O'Brien KM, Lorien S, Wolfenden L, Moore TH, Hall A, Yoong SL, Summerbell C. Interventions to prevent obesity in school-aged children 6-18 years: An update of a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis including studies from 2015-2021. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 54:101635. [PMID: 36281235 PMCID: PMC9581512 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity remains a global public health priority due to the enormous burden it generates. Recent surveillance data suggests there has been a sharp increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Cochrane review of childhood obesity prevention interventions (0-18 years) updated to 2015 is the most rigorous and comprehensive review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic. A burgeoning number of high quality studies have been published since that are yet to be synthesised. METHODS An update of the Cochrane systematic review was conducted to include RCT studies in school-aged children (6-18 years) published to 30 June 2021 that assessed effectiveness on child weight (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020218928). Available cost-effectiveness and adverse effect data were extracted. Intervention effects on body mass index (BMI) were synthesised in random effects meta-analyses by setting (school, after-school program, community, home), and meta-regression examined the association of study characteristics with intervention effect. FINDINGS Meta-analysis of 140 of 195 included studies (183,063 participants) found a very small positive effect on body mass index for school-based studies (SMD -0·03, 95%CI -0·06,-0·01; trials = 93; participants = 131,443; moderate certainty evidence) but not after-school programs, community or home-based studies. Subgroup analysis by age (6-12 years; 13-18 years) found no differential effects in any setting. Meta-regression found no associations between study characteristics (including setting, income level) and intervention effect. Ten of 53 studies assessing adverse effects reported presence of an adverse event. Insufficient data was available to draw conclusions on cost-effectiveness. INTERPRETATION This updated synthesis of obesity prevention interventions for children aged 6-18 years, found a small beneficial impact on child BMI for school-based obesity prevention interventions. A more comprehensive assessment of interventions is required to identify mechanisms of effective interventions to inform future obesity prevention public health policy, which may be particularly salient in for COVID-19 recovery planning. FUNDING This research was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia (Application No APP1153479).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. Hodder
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Longworth Avenue, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 29 Kookaburra Drive, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Corresponding author at: C/- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend NSW 2287 Australia.
| | - Kate M. O'Brien
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Longworth Avenue, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 29 Kookaburra Drive, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Sasha Lorien
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Longworth Avenue, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 29 Kookaburra Drive, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Longworth Avenue, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 29 Kookaburra Drive, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Theresa H.M. Moore
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust, Whitefriars, Lewins Mean, Bristol, BS1 2NT, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Beacon House, Queens Road, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alix Hall
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Longworth Avenue, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 29 Kookaburra Drive, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Sze Lin Yoong
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Longworth Avenue, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 29 Kookaburra Drive, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Carolyn Summerbell
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Fuse, The NIHR Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, United Kingdom
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10
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Improving Obesogenic Dietary Behaviors among Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214592. [PMID: 36364855 PMCID: PMC9653747 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The overweight and obesity epidemic persists, and over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5–19 were classified as overweight or obese worldwide in 2020. Obesity intervention becomes crucial during the adolescent years due to the increased autonomy and adolescent motivation to oversee one’s own behaviors and lifestyle-related decisions. The objective of the current study was to conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials aimed at improving dietary intake and behaviors among adolescents. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were utilized. The key terms used in the searches referred to the study population and the topic of interest and included words and phrases such as “obesity or overweight and adolescents”, “dietary behaviors and adolescents”, “dietary intake and adolescents”, and “dietary habits and adolescents.” A tertiary screening process was employed, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment of Controlled Intervention Studies quality scoring tool was utilized to assess the quality of research articles independently by n = 2 researchers. A total of 7441 articles were identified through the database search, and 36 were included in the current systematic review. The most common outcomes explored included dietary behaviors, anthropometric or biometric outcomes, and physical activity. Approximately half of the studies demonstrated significant improvements in the primary outcomes investigated. The majority of the high-impact studies where significant improvements in primary outcomes were demonstrated were conducted in school settings or were multicomponent or multilevel in nature. Thus, interventions targeting dietary behaviors in adolescents that are delivered in the school setting and are multicomponent or multilevel in nature are the most effective in terms of impact on dietary intake, anthropometric or biometric outcomes, and physical activity.
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11
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Inverso H, Moore HR, Lupini F, Wang CH, Streisand R, Shomaker LB, Mackey ER. Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Focus on Pediatric Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2022; 22:493-500. [PMID: 35984566 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-022-01492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) focus on promoting nonjudgmental, purposeful awareness of the present experience, and they include specific components such as body scan, meditation, and breathing techniques for healthier coping with stress and reduced negative affect. In adult populations with chronic illness (e.g., type 1 diabetes [T1D], type 2 diabetes [T2D], overweight), MBIs have been shown to improve psychosocial outcomes with some improvements in health outcomes as well. Youth with T1D/T2D frequently experience heightened depression as well as diabetes distress, which are associated with less frequent blood glucose monitoring, insulin administration, and nutrition oversight. Thus, MBIs have potential to alleviate psychosocial distress in youth with T1D/T2D and also improve health outcomes. This paper is a review of the literature on potential psychosocial and health benefits of MBIs for youth with T1D/T2D. RECENT FINDINGS Among youth with T1D/T2D, MBIs have been shown to reduce symptoms of depression and diabetes distress. Improvements in health outcomes, such as A1c, have been inconsistent across studies. Although research on the efficacy of MBIs to improve psychosocial and health outcomes in youth with T1D/T2D is promising, this area of study is in its early stages. Future investigation of MBIs in youth with T1D and T2D is warranted, recognizing that these are heterogeneous groups with potential benefit of specifically tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Inverso
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Hailey R Moore
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Francesca Lupini
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Christine H Wang
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Randi Streisand
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Children's Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins and Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eleanor R Mackey
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
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12
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Feruglio S, Panasiti MS, Crescentini C, Aglioti SM, Ponsi G. The impact of mindfulness meditation on social and moral behavior: Does mindfulness enhance other-oriented motivation or decrease monetary reward salience? Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:963422. [PMID: 36118116 PMCID: PMC9478338 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.963422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective article provides an overview of the impact of mindfulness meditation (MM) on social and moral behavior. In mindfulness research, prosocial behavior has been operationalized as helping behavior, altruistic redistribution of funds, reparative behavior, or monetary donation. Studies concerning moral behavior are still scarce. Despite inconsistent evidence, several studies found a beneficial effect of mindfulness on prosocial outcomes (i.e., a higher propensity to spend or give away money for the sake of other individuals). However, since the employed tasks were reward-based, participants’ decisions also directly affected their own payoff by reducing it. Crucially, MM also affects self-control circuitry and reduces reward-seeking behaviors and reward salience by making rewards less tempting. We have discussed evidence suggesting how challenging it may be to dissociate the specific weight of enhanced other-oriented motivation from one of the decreased monetary reward salience in explaining meditators’ behavior. Future higher-quality studies are needed to address this open issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Feruglio
- Italian Institute of Technology, Sapienza University of Rome and CLNS@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Department of Languages, Literatures, Communication, Education, and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Crescentini
- Department of Languages, Literatures, Communication, Education, and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Institute of Mechanical Intelligence, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Italian Institute of Technology, Sapienza University of Rome and CLNS@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ponsi
- Italian Institute of Technology, Sapienza University of Rome and CLNS@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giorgia Ponsi,
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Krebs S, Moak E, Muhammadi S, Forbes D, Yeh MC, Leung MM. Testing the Feasibility and Potential Impact of a Mindfulness-Based Pilot Program in Urban School Youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063464. [PMID: 35329150 PMCID: PMC8950248 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) could be effective in engaging children and reducing childhood obesity risk. The purpose of this study was to test feasibility, fidelity, and potential impact of a pilot MBI in urban school youth. A two-group quasi-experimental study was conducted in a Harlem, New York school. Participants comprised 51 students (ages 9–12, 54% female, 85% African American/Black). The experimental (E) group (n = 26) participated in a nine-session pilot MBI. Sessions were 90 min and offered weekly as part of afterschool programming. Children only attending during the school day comprised the control (C) group (n = 25). Process evaluation (e.g., fidelity, reach) was performed. Interviews with the E group were conducted to determine program acceptability. Mindful eating and resilience measures were collected at baseline and post-intervention. Intervention feasibility was high as the retention rate was 100% and fidelity was good as nine out of ten sessions were implemented. Relative to baseline, significant improvements were observed in the C group compared to the E group in the resilience composite score (p = 0.01) and its confidence domain (p = 0.01). A MBI may provide a unique opportunity to engage youth. However, further research is warranted to determine if a MBI could promote health in urban, school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Krebs
- Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, 2180 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10035, USA; (S.K.); (M.-C.Y.)
| | - Emily Moak
- School of Public Health, City University of New York, 2180 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10035, USA; (E.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Shakiba Muhammadi
- School of Public Health, City University of New York, 2180 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10035, USA; (E.M.); (S.M.)
| | - David Forbes
- Urban Education Doctoral Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Ming-Chin Yeh
- Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, 2180 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10035, USA; (S.K.); (M.-C.Y.)
| | - May May Leung
- Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, 2180 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10035, USA; (S.K.); (M.-C.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Bernstein R, Sanchez N, Clark ELM, Conte I, Gulley LD, Legget KT, Cornier MA, Melby C, Johnson SA, Lucas-Thompson R, Shomaker LB. Mindfulness-based intervention in adolescents at risk for excess weight gain: 1.5-year follow-up of pilot randomized controlled trial. Eat Behav 2021; 43:101580. [PMID: 34775283 PMCID: PMC8691759 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) may offer a novel means of preventing excess weight gain in adolescents, theoretically by decreasing stress-eating through altering executive functioning (EF) and food-reward sensitivity. METHODS N = 54 12-17y girls and boys at-risk for excess weight gain (i.e., BMI ≥70th percentile or two biological parents with reported obesity [BMI ≥30 kg/m2]) participated in a 1.5-year follow-up of a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing 6-week/6-session MBI (n = 29) and a health education (HE) control (n = 25). Laboratory stress-eating, food-reward sensitivity, EF, perceived stress, and BMI/adiposity were re-assessed at 1.5-years with validated measures. Changes from baseline to 1.5-year follow-up were explored with ANCOVA, accounting for the respective baseline outcome, age, and sex. RESULTS Compared to MBI (M = -21, SE = 59), HE had greater increases in stress-eating from baseline to 1.5-years (M = 194, SE = 63, Cohen's d = 0.59, p = .01). There were no other between-condition differences. DISCUSSION MBI may prevent worsening stress-eating for adolescents at-risk for excess weight gain. The potential for MBI as an intervention for stress-eating and ultimately, weight stabilization warrants testing in an adequately-powered trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Bernstein
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Natalia Sanchez
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Emma L M Clark
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Isabella Conte
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Lauren D Gulley
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Kristina T Legget
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, 13001 E. 17(th) Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, 1700 N. Wheeling St., Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, 13001 E. 17(th) Pl, 80045 Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christopher Melby
- Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Rachel Lucas-Thompson
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States; Community & Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, 13001 E. 17(th) Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States; Community & Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, 13001 E. 17(th) Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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de Lara Perez B, Delgado-Rios M. Mindfulness-based programs for the prevention of childhood obesity: A systematic review. Appetite 2021; 168:105725. [PMID: 34619242 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased worldwide at an alarming rate in recent decades and has become a serious public health problem. The purpose of this study is to carry out a systematic review of scientific research on mindfulness-based programs for the prevention of childhood obesity carried out in the last 10 years. METHOD A search of studies that used mindfulness to promote good eating behavior in minors was conducted. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 16 studies were found. RESULTS Statistically significant improvements were found in most of the cases where changes in eating habits, food portions, reduction of stress, or reduction of cravings in minors were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Mindfulness programs applied to improve eating behaviors appear to be an effective alternative to prevent childhood obesity, but further studies are needed to draw conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Lara Perez
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga, Spain.
| | - Myriam Delgado-Rios
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga, Spain
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16
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Clark ELM, Gulley LD, Prince MA, Casamassima M, Sanchez N, Jimenez V, Johnson SA, Miller RL, Conte I, Kaar JL, Simon SL, Melby C, Lucas-Thompson RG, Shomaker LB. The role of mindfulness in associations among depression symptoms, sleep duration, and insulin resistance in adolescents. J Behav Med 2021; 44:694-703. [PMID: 33884531 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep difficulties may be one explanatory factor in the association between depression and insulin resistance; yet, explicit tests of this hypothesis are lacking. We determined if there was an indirect effect of depression symptoms on insulin resistance through sleep duration in adolescents at risk for excess weight gain. We also investigated whether dispositional mindfulness moderated the interconnections among depression, sleep, and insulin resistance. Ninety adolescents (14.2 ± 1.6y; 50% female) at risk for excess weight gain (body mass index [BMI, kg/m2] z score 1.6 ± 0.6) participated in the cross-sectional, baseline phase of a health behaviors study. Depression was assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, sleep duration with the Sleep Habits Survey, and mindfulness with the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was determined from fasting insulin and glucose. The product-of-coefficients method was used to test the indirect effect of depression on insulin resistance through sleep duration, accounting for age, sex, BMIz, puberty, and socioeconomic status (SES). Dispositional mindfulness was tested as a moderator of the associations among depression, sleep, and insulin resistance. There was a significant indirect effect of depression on insulin resistance through sleep duration, controlling for age, sex, BMIz, puberty, and SES, 95%CI [0.001, 0.05]. Dispositional mindfulness moderated the association between sleep duration and insulin resistance, such that lower sleep duration related to greater insulin resistance only among adolescents with lower mindfulness (p < .001). Short sleep may be one explanatory factor in the depression-insulin resistance connection in adolescents at risk for excess weight gain. Adolescents with poorer mindfulness and short sleep are at highest risk for insulin resistance, whereas higher mindfulness may be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L M Clark
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1570, US
| | - Lauren D Gulley
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1570, US
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, US
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1570, US
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, US
| | | | - Natalia Sanchez
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1570, US
| | - Virginia Jimenez
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1570, US
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, US
| | - Reagan L Miller
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1570, US
| | - Isabella Conte
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1570, US
| | - Jill L Kaar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, US
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, US
| | | | - Christopher Melby
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, US
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, US
| | - Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1570, US
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, US
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1570, US.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, US.
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, US.
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17
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Stress Management as an Effective Complementary Therapeutic Strategy for Weight Loss in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8080670. [PMID: 34438561 PMCID: PMC8391124 DOI: 10.3390/children8080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle intervention programs, including mindfulness and stress management/emotional control training techniques have been infrequently studied in children. The aim of this systematic review was to assess whether implementing stress management/emotional control training strategies in the context of a body weight loss program in children and adolescents is associated with improved body weight outcome in this age group. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies published before 31 December 2020 in the following databases: Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on mindfulness or stress management in children and adolescents with obesity were included in this systematic review. Six RCTs fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and included intervention (112 subjects) and control (137 subjects) groups. The interventions used were Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction therapy for 8 weeks (three studies), a mindfulness-based group program for adolescents (one study), and Mindful Eating Intervention for 6 weeks (one study) and 10 weeks (one study). The intervention group demonstrated reduced adiposity markers as compared to controls in four of the six included studies. The presented studies support the hypothesis that a structured, mindfulness-based intervention program may lead to a decrease in the biomarkers of obesity.
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18
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Jimenez V, Sanchez N, Clark ELM, Miller RL, Casamassima M, Verros M, Conte I, Ruiz-Jaquez M, Gulley LD, Johnson SA, Melby C, Lucas-Thompson RG, Shomaker LB. Associations of adverse childhood experiences with stress physiology and insulin resistance in adolescents at risk for adult obesity. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22127. [PMID: 33991342 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) heighten the risk for adult obesity and cardiometabolic disease, but physiological factors underlying this connection are not well understood. We determined if ACEs were associated with physiological stress response and insulin resistance in adolescents at risk for adult obesity. Participants were 90 adolescents 12.0-17.5 years (50% female, 30% Hispanic/Latinx), at risk for adult obesity by virtue of above-average body mass index (BMI; kg/m2 ≥ 70th percentile) or parental obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ). ACEs were determined as presence (vs. absence) based upon the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children. Physiological stress response was measured as heart rate/blood pressure response to the Trier Social Stress Test. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was determined from fasting glucose/insulin. Sixty-one percent of adolescents reported positive ACE history. The presence of ACEs predicted greater heart rate (p < .001) and diastolic blood pressure (p = .02) response to stress, controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, puberty, and BMI standard score. Systolic blood pressure and insulin resistance did not differ by ACE history (p-values > .08). Findings suggest heightened sympathetic stress response in adolescence could be explanatory in how ACEs increase the risk for later cardiometabolic disease. Future studies should characterize ACEs in relationship to day-to-day variations in adolescents' stress physiology and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Jimenez
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Natalia Sanchez
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emma L M Clark
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Reagan L Miller
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Milena Casamassima
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Megan Verros
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Isabella Conte
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Metztli Ruiz-Jaquez
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren D Gulley
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher Melby
- Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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19
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A community perspective of COVID-19 and obesity in children: Causes and consequences. OBESITY MEDICINE 2021; 22:100327. [PMID: 36567746 PMCID: PMC9764599 DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2021.100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of childhood obesity that has been increasing over the last decade has collided with the current pandemic of COVID-19. Enforced behavioural changes have resulted in a myriad of problems for children particularly in weight management. Restricted activity is the most obvious but many other aspects of life have exacerbated biological, psychosocial, and behavioral factors identified as risks for childhood obesity. Significant effort is required to turn around the prevailing tide of weight gain necessitating changes in personal and family behavior and diet, as well as high-level governmental and educational policy. Evidence-based, focused, long-term interventions which are adequately funded are required. Enthusiasm and optimism for change coupled with public engagement by utilization of new technology as well as traditional methods offers hope for change. Public health interventions in isolation are inadequate and bolder changes to central policies and social structure are needed for sustained change. This will allow some mitigation of the affects of COVID-19 but also reduce negative outcomes in future comparable situations.
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20
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Rice J, Ramtekkar U. Integrative Management of Metabolic Syndrome in Youth Prescribed Second-Generation Antipsychotics. Med Sci (Basel) 2020; 8:medsci8030034. [PMID: 32824428 PMCID: PMC7564042 DOI: 10.3390/medsci8030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight gain and metabolic syndrome are common side effects of second-generation antipsychotics and carry significant health consequences both in childhood and into adulthood. This review highlights evidence-based, non-pharmacologic interventions to assist in the management of these side effects. Such intervention categories include dietary, physical activity, sleep, stress management, and nutritional supplementation. Interventions with the highest quality evidence include increasing the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, increasing physical activity, improving sleep, and fish oil supplementation. We suggest that clinicians work with patients on managing metabolic side effects in a patient-centered way, incorporating principles of motivational interviewing, to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Ujjwal Ramtekkar
- Partners for Kids, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Omiwole M, Richardson C, Huniewicz P, Dettmer E, Paslakis G. Review of Mindfulness-Related Interventions to Modify Eating Behaviors in Adolescents. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122917. [PMID: 31810307 PMCID: PMC6950168 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few well-established treatments for adolescent eating disorders, and for those that do exist, remission rates are reported to be between 30 and 40%. There is a need for the development and implementation of novel treatment approaches. Mindfulness approaches have shown improvements in eating disorder-related psychopathology in adults and have been suggested for adolescents. The present review identifies and summarizes studies that have used mindfulness approaches to modify eating behaviors and to treat eating disorders in adolescents. Focused searches were conducted in Embase, Medline, and PsycINFO, and identified articles were checked for relevance. A small number of studies (n = 15) were designated as appropriate for inclusion in the review. These studies were divided into those that focused on the promotion of healthy eating/the prevention of disordered eating (n = 5), those that concentrated on targeted prevention among high risk adolescents (n = 5), and those that focused on clinical eating disordered adolescents (n = 5). Thirteen of the 15 studies reviewed reported at least one positive association between mindfulness treatment techniques and reduced weight/shape concerns, dietary restraint, decreased body mass index (BMI), eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), binge eating, increased willingness to eat novel healthy foods, and reduced eating disorder psychopathology. In summary, incorporating mindfulness to modify eating behaviors in adolescent non-clinical and clinical samples is still in the early stages, with a lack of data showing clear evidence of acceptability and efficacy. Further studies and preferably controlled conditions are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Omiwole
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - Candice Richardson
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - Paulina Huniewicz
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Dettmer
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Peadiatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Georgios Paslakis
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
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