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Fulay AP, Lee JM, Baylin A, Wolfson JA, Leung CW. Associations between food insecurity and diabetes risk factors in US adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2016. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e68. [PMID: 38343166 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between household food insecurity and diabetes risk factors among lower-income US adolescents. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. Household food security status was measured using the 18-item Food Security Survey Module. Simple and multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to assess the association between food security status and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1C and homoeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The analyses were adjusted for household and adolescent demographic and health characteristics. SETTING USA. PARTICIPANTS 3412 US adolescents aged 12-19 years with household incomes ≤300 % of the federal poverty line from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 2007-2016. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of marginal food security was 15·4 % and of food insecurity was 32·9 %. After multivariate adjustment, adolescents with food insecurity had a 0·04 % higher HbA1C (95 % CI 0·00, 0·09, P-value = 0·04) than adolescents with food security. There was also a significant overall trend between severity of food insecurity and higher HbA1C (Ptrend = 0·045). There were no significant mean differences in adolescents' FPG, OGTT or HOMA-IR by household food security. CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity was associated with slightly higher HbA1c in a 10-year sample of lower-income US adolescents aged 12-19 years; however, other associations with diabetes risk factors were not significant. Overall, this suggests slight evidence for an association between food insecurity and diabetes risk in US adolescents. Further investigation is warranted to examine this association over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarohee P Fulay
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 N. Bellefield Ave., Pittsburgh, PA15213, USA
| | - Joyce M Lee
- Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julia A Wolfson
- Departments of International Health and Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cindy W Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Abene JA, Tong J, Minuk J, Lindenfeldar G, Chen Y, Chao AM. Food insecurity and binge eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:1301-1322. [PMID: 37040535 PMCID: PMC10524553 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review synthesized literature on the relationship between food insecurity and binge eating. METHODS Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and gray literature from inception to October 2022. Eligible studies included primary research that assessed the relationship between food insecurity and binge eating. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from random effect models with the R package meta. Analyses were stratified by binge eating versus binge-eating disorder (BED), study type (cross-sectional vs. longitudinal), and age (adults vs. adolescents). RESULTS We included 24 articles that reported on 20 studies, and 13 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Based on the random effects meta-analysis, the odds of adults in the food insecure group having binge eating were 1.66 (95% CI = 1.42, 1.93) times the odds of adults in the food secure group having binge eating. The odds of adults in the food insecure group having BED were 2.70 (95% CI = 1.47, 4.96) times the odds of adults in the food secure group having BED. Insufficient data were available for a meta-analysis on adolescents or longitudinal relationships. CONCLUSIONS These findings support that food insecurity is associated with binge eating in adults. There is a need for research to investigate the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Results highlight the importance of screening participants with food insecurity for disordered eating behaviors and vice versa. Future research is needed to examine whether interventions targeting food insecurity may help to mitigate disordered eating behaviors. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Food insecurity is a common but under-recognized contributor to binge eating. In this article, we systematically reviewed research that has been published on the relationship between food insecurity and binge eating. We found support that food insecurity should be considered in the prevention and treatment of binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Abene
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jiayi Tong
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Minuk
- Temple University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Yong Chen
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariana M. Chao
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Hooper SC, Kilpela LS, Gomez F, Middlemass KM, Becker CB. Eating disorder pathology in a sample of midlife and older adults experiencing food insecurity. Eat Behav 2023; 49:101742. [PMID: 37178461 PMCID: PMC10876155 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have recently identified food insecurity (FI) as a risk factor for eating disorder pathology (EDP). Yet, associations between FI and EDP remain understudied in midlife and older adults. The current study is a descriptive and exploratory re-analysis of Becker et al. (2017, 2019), investigating prevalence rates of EDP and differences in EDP between midlife and older adult food bank clients. Additionally, we examined the relations between FI severity and EDP in each age group. Participants included 292 midlife (51-65 years) and 267 older adults (66+) who were clients of a local foodbank. All participants completed a self-report questionnaire inquiring about FI, EDP, and demographic information. Overall, 8.9 % of respondents had a probable eating disorder (10.5 % of midlife adults, 5.6 % of older adults). Binge eating was the most endorsed EDP. Significantly more midlife adults reported night eating and skipping ≥two meals in a row versus older adults. Additionally, FI severity level was associated with higher risk of night eating, BE, skipping ≥two meals in a row, and laxative use in midlife adults. These same associations were significant for older adults, with the addition of vomiting and exception of laxative use. Evidently, the relations between FI and EDP seen in younger populations extends into mid and late-life, with minimal differences between midlife and older adults living with FI. It is imperative that we intentionally include midlife and older adults in FI and EDP research, investigating how best to address disordered eating across the lifespan within the context of experiencing FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah C Hooper
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Lisa Smith Kilpela
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, USA
| | - Francesca Gomez
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Bidopia T, Carbo AV, Ross RA, Burke NL. Food insecurity and disordered eating behaviors in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Eat Behav 2023; 49:101731. [PMID: 37150094 PMCID: PMC10361576 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first systematic review to investigate the relationship between food insecurity (FI) and disordered eating behaviors exclusively in children and adolescents. Database searches were conducted in PUBMED, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and Gale OneFile: Informe Académico using English and Spanish search terms. Studies were included if they were published before August 2022, included youth aged 18 years and below, included either parent- or child-report of food security status, included either parent- or child-report of child disordered eating behaviors, and examined the relationship between food security status and child disordered eating behaviors. Following independent title/abstract and full-text screening, 20 studies were included in the review. There were 13 cross-sectional studies, five longitudinal studies, and two qualitative studies, from the United States (19 studies), and Bangladesh (1 study). Sample sizes ranged from 33 to 6077. Findings generally indicated a relationship between FI and behaviors such as binge eating, loss-of-control eating, eating in the absence of hunger, unhealthy weight control behaviors, and picky eating in children and adolescents, though this association varied depending on the type of disordered eating behavior assessed and FI severity. Results highlight the importance of screening for disordered eating behaviors among youth with FI towards eating disorder prevention and intervention. However, given the limited number of primary research articles examining this relationship in youth, further hypothesis-driven research is needed. In addition, more global representation and additional longitudinal studies are needed to further examine the generalizability and temporality of FI and disordered eating in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Bidopia
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Dealy Hall, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Alejandra Vivas Carbo
- Department of Psychiatry, Montefiore Medical Center, 3331 Bainbridge Ave, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Rachel A Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1410 Pelham Pkwy S, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Natasha L Burke
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Dealy Hall, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
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McGowan A, Barry MR, Sonneville KR, Leung CW. Greater social adversity is associated with more disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among children from Southeast Michigan. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:1670-1677. [PMID: 35833678 PMCID: PMC10084038 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine the association between indicators of social adversity, including socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity, and children's disordered eating behaviors and attitudes. METHODS Children ages 8-10 years old (n = 183) were recruited from Michigan. Data were collected through in-home surveys. The Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT-24) measured disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in the sample. Cumulative social adversity was considered the sum of four binary variables: caregiver race/ethnicity, caregiver education, household income, and child-reported food security status. Linear mixed models examined the association between social adversity indicators and ChEAT-24 scores. RESULTS Children of primary caregivers of color had significantly higher ChEAT-24 scores than children of white caregivers (p = .03). Children who reported food insecurity had significantly higher ChEAT-24 scores compared to children who reported food security (p = .01). Compared to children with the lowest social adversity score, children with the highest score had a 4.8-unit higher ChEAT-24 score (95% CI .3-9.4), after adjusting for covariates. A significant trend was observed for greater social adversity and higher ChEAT-24 score (p-trend = .02). CONCLUSION A linear association was observed between greater social adversity and more disordered eating behaviors and attitudes among children in this sample. These findings emphasize the need for eating disorder research in children from racial/ethnic minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations to support future prevention efforts. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Greater exposure to social adversity was associated with more disordered eating behaviors among preadolescent children. Given that eating disorders are understudied in lower-income and minority racial/ethnic populations, this study highlights the need for additional research to better support prevention and treatment efforts among children from socioeconomically diverse backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea McGowan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mikayla R Barry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kendrin R Sonneville
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cindy W Leung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Parnarouskis L, Gearhardt AN, Mason AE, Adler NE, Laraia BA, Epel ES, Leung CW. Association of Food Insecurity and Food Addiction Symptoms: A Secondary Analysis of Two Samples of Low-Income Female Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:1885-1892. [PMID: 35598730 PMCID: PMC10044472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household food insecurity persists in the United States and has important implications for health and well-being. Food insecurity in female-identified caregivers is particularly concerning, given its association with their mental health and adverse health outcomes for their children. Food insecurity is associated with disordered eating but, to our knowledge, no prior studies have examined an association between food insecurity and food addiction. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to examine whether food insecurity is associated with higher food addiction symptom endorsement in low-income female adults. DESIGN Secondary analysis of baseline data from a quasi-experimental study of a mindfulness-based intervention on gestational weight gain among low-income pregnant individuals and an observational study of low-income families. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants in study 1 (n = 208) were English-speaking, low-income pregnant individuals with overweight or obesity, recruited in California from 2011 to 2013. Participants in study 2 (n = 181) were English-speaking, low-income female caregivers for children aged 8 through 10 years, recruited in Michigan from 2018 to 2019. Both studies recruited participants from community health clinics, social service agencies, and online advertisements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was food addiction symptoms, assessed by the Yale Food Addiction Scale. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Multivariate Poisson regression was used to examine the association between household food insecurity and food addiction symptoms in each sample, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS In study 1, pregnant individuals in food-insecure households reported 21% higher food addiction symptoms than pregnant individuals in food-secure households (incidence rate ratio 1.21; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.47; P = .047). In study 2, caregivers in food-insecure households had 56% higher food addiction symptoms than caregivers in food-secure households (incidence rate ratio 1.56; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.40; P = .045). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary support for a relationship between household food insecurity and food addiction. Future research should examine potential mechanisms and whether interventions to reduce food insecurity lower risk of food addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley E Mason
- Department of Psychiatry, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nancy E Adler
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Barbara A Laraia
- Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco Weill Institute for Neurosciences, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Cindy W Leung
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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Gomez F, Perez M. Motivation for dietary restraint, and disordered eating among adults experiencing food insecurity in the United States. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:838-844. [PMID: 35586887 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Does engaging in dietary restraint due to weight/shape concerns versus economic hardship differentially relate to disordered eating? METHOD The sample consisted of 582 adults experiencing food insecurity (FI) who completed online measures assessing severity of FI, disordered eating, loss of control over eating, and dietary restraint. Participants reported their motivation for dietary restraint with options consisting of weight/shape concerns, economic hardship (i.e., insufficient funds and prioritizing others' needs), mixed reasons, and other/I do not know. RESULTS In the sample, 18% reported engaging in dietary restraint primarily due to weight/shape concerns, 33% due to economic hardship, 18% other/do not know, and 30% due to a mix of reasons. There were positive correlations between FI, economic hardship, dietary restraint, disordered eating, and loss of control over eating. Regression analyses revealed the association between dietary restraint and disordered eating does not differ across individuals who endorse economic hardship as a motivator for dietary restraint. Findings replicated with loss of control. However, the association between dietary restraint and disordered eating grew stronger as more dietary restraint due to weight/shape concerns was endorsed. No significant association emerged with loss of control. DISCUSSION Research is needed to replicate findings and examine how patterns of food scarcity impacts disordered eating in food insecure populations with and without weight/shape concerns. Findings suggest that motivation for dietary restraint may influence associations with dietary restraint and the cognitive components of disordered eating, but not the behavioral components of disordered eating. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Disordered eating due to dietary restraint is most commonly associated with weight and shape concerns; however, even when dietary restraint is due to economic reasons, it can still be associated with disordered eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gomez
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Marisol Perez
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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