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Claisse C, Durrant AC, Branley-Bell D, Sillence E, Glascott A, Cameron A. 'Chugging along, plugging in and out of it': Understanding a place-based approach for community-based support of mental health recovery. Soc Sci Med 2024; 348:116823. [PMID: 38579629 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Community-based Mental Health (MH) organisations in the United Kingdom (UK) are facing challenges for sustaining in-person service delivery. Without empirical evidence that demonstrates the value of a place-based approach for MH recovery, and the types of resources needed to build nurturing spaces for peer support, community-based MH organisations will struggle to maintain their physical spaces. We present empirical insights from a case study involving interviews with 20 students accessing peer support services at the Recovery College Collective, a community-based MH organisation located in the North East of England. The interview study aims to evidence how a place-based approach can afford MH recovery. We draw from discourses on place-making and interpret our interview findings through an established framework that highlights four mechanisms through which place impacts recovery: place for doing, being, becoming and belonging. We use this framework to structure our findings and highlight key qualities of place for establishing and maintaining MH recovery. Our contribution is two-fold: we address a gap in the literature by providing empirical understandings of how place influences MH recovery, whilst extending previous research by considering the role that place plays in community-based organisations. This is timely because of the challenges faced in securing in-person service delivery post-pandemic, and a shift towards remote service provision models. We highlight key implications: (i) Accessing a physical place dedicated to MH support is vital for people who do not have anywhere else to go and are socially isolated due to their health conditions; (ii) Connecting through peer-to-peer interaction is an integral part of the recovery process, and learning from people with lived experience can inform a place-based approach that best suit their needs; and (iii) Recognising the value of place for MH support, and the resources needed for peer support delivery in the community, will help secure places that our research participants described as lifesaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Claisse
- Open Lab, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Abigail C Durrant
- Open Lab, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Dawn Branley-Bell
- Department of Psychology, PaCT Lab, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Sillence
- Department of Psychology, PaCT Lab, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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"What Made My Eating Disorder Worse?" The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Perspective of Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051242. [PMID: 36904240 PMCID: PMC10005403 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent confinements have led to a dramatic increase in anorexia nervosa (AN) in adolescent patients, whereas the effect on symptom severity and the influencing factors are not yet clear, especially not from the adolescents' perspective. (2) Methods: from February to October 2021, 38 adolescent patients with AN completed an adjusted version of the COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES), a self-report questionnaire asking for ED symptomatology before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and for their experiences with remote treatment. (3) Results: patients reported a significant negative impact of confinement on ED symptoms, depression, anxiety, and emotional regulation. During the pandemic, engagement with weight and body image was related to social media, and mirror checking increased. The patients were more preoccupied with cooking recipes and had more eating-related conflicts with their parents. However, the differences in the amount of engagement with social media actively glorifying AN before and during the pandemic did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparisons. The minority of patients who received remote treatment found it to be only limitedly helpful. (4) Conclusions: from the patients' perspective, the COVID-19 pandemic-associated confinement had a detrimental effect on the symptoms of adolescent patients with AN.
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Branley-Bell D, Talbot CV, Downs J, Figueras C, Green J, McGilley B, Murphy-Morgan C. It's not all about control: challenging mainstream framing of eating disorders. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:25. [PMID: 36805761 PMCID: PMC9938956 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of control has long been suggested as a central factor in eating disorder (ED) aetiology. The concept is now so mainstream that it risks being used in a potentially reductionist, stigmatising or otherwise harmful manner. In this paper, we explore and discuss our positions on the use of control-related terminology for EDs. METHODS The authors of this auto-ethnographic position paper include academic researchers, individuals with lived experience and clinicians (not mutually exclusive). In sharing our experiences and observations, we aim to raise awareness of the wider impacts that control framing can have on ED perceptions, treatment, recovery and individuals' lived experience. RESULTS We argue that although control can play a role in some ED experiences, an overemphasis upon this factor to the exclusion of other conceptualisations is not beneficial. CONCLUSIONS To mitigate against pathologisation of an individual, it is important to challenge a discourse that can lead to EDs being perceived as something 'wrong' with the individual, rather than a consequence of life events or other environmental influences. We identify priorities for the future for researchers, clinicians, policy makers and the wider public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Branley-Bell
- Department of Psychology, PaCT Lab, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, City Campus, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | | | - James Downs
- Patient Representative, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK
| | | | - Jessica Green
- Leeds and York NHS Partnership Foundation Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Beth McGilley
- Adjunct Faculty, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, USA
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Mitchell KS, Smith BN, Masheb R, Vogt D. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders in U.S. military veterans. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:108-117. [PMID: 36239518 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on mental health around the world. Although there have been reports that the incidence of eating disorders (EDs) has increased during the pandemic, few longitudinal studies have examined recent changes in EDs. Men and women with military histories may be particularly vulnerable to EDs, underscoring the importance of investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on EDs in this population. METHOD We examined whether early-pandemic (Time 1; T1) posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were associated with change in probable ED diagnostic status 1 year later (T2). We also investigated relationships from early pandemic mental health symptoms to change in ED diagnostic status from T1 to T2 via pandemic-related life circumstance pathways (health, financial, social, etc.). Participants included a population-based sample of 372 U.S. veterans who completed the T1 and T2 surveys. RESULTS Early pandemic mental health was significantly and positively associated with probable ED diagnostic status. Social and health satisfaction as well as physical health pandemic impacts mediated the associations between mental health symptoms and ED diagnostic status. DISCUSSION Findings highlight the importance of bolstering social connection, health-promoting behaviors, and access to ED treatment among veteran men and women impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on mental health, including eating disorders (EDs). We found that early pandemic mental health symptoms were significantly associated with changes in U.S. veterans' ED diagnostic status 1 year later. Mental health symptoms increased ED diagnoses via their impact on social and health satisfaction, as well as physical health impacts of the pandemic. Findings highlight the importance of increasing social connection, health-promoting behaviors, and ED treatment access among veteran men and women, who may be particularly vulnerable to EDs, during the COVID pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Mitchell
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Brian N Smith
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robin Masheb
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Dawne Vogt
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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McLean CP, Utpala R, Sharp G. The impacts of COVID-19 on eating disorders and disordered eating: A mixed studies systematic review and implications. Front Psychol 2022; 13:926709. [PMID: 36148134 PMCID: PMC9487416 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.926709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The unique constraints to everyday life brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic have been suggested to negatively impact those with pre-existing mental health issues such as eating disorders. While individuals with eating disorders or disordered eating behaviors likely represent a vulnerable group to the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of the pandemic is yet to be fully established. Methods We systematically examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors. We searched electronic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE for literature published until October 2021. Eligible studies were required to report on individuals with or without a diagnosed eating disorder or disordered eating behaviors who were exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings Seventy-two studies met eligibility criteria with the majority reporting an increase in eating disorder or disordered eating behaviors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, it appears children and adolescents and individuals with a diagnosed eating disorder may present vulnerable groups to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion This mixed systematic review provides a timely insight into COVID-19 eating disorder literature and will assist in understanding possible future long-term impacts of the pandemic on eating disorder behaviors. It appears that the role of stress in the development and maintenance of eating disorders may have been intensified to cope with the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research is needed among understudied and minority groups and to examine the long-term implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=284749, PROSPERO [CRD42021284749].
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney P. McLean
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Courtney P. McLean
| | | | - Gemma Sharp
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Gilsbach S, Plana MT, Castro-Fornieles J, Gatta M, Karlsson GP, Flamarique I, Raynaud JP, Riva A, Solberg AL, van Elburg AA, Wentz E, Nacinovich R, Herpertz-Dahlmann B. Increase in admission rates and symptom severity of childhood and adolescent anorexia nervosa in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from specialized eating disorder units in different European countries. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:46. [PMID: 35725621 PMCID: PMC9208345 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic, associated with confinement and social isolation, seems to have impacted the course of many mental disorders in children and adolescents. An increase in hospital admission rates for juvenile anorexia nervosa (AN) has been documented in many regions of the world. However, data from Europe are scarce. METHODS We asked clinicians in specialized eating disorder units in hospitals of maximum care in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands to report on (i) overall (inpatient and outpatient) and (ii) inpatient admission rates for adolescents with AN during 2019 and 2020. Additionally, a modified version of the COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES) was used to assess the child and adolescent psychiatrists' estimations of a possible increase in symptom severity in children and adolescents with AN during the COVID-19 pandemic and to (iii) inquire about the contributing factors perceived by the caring professionals. RESULTS Four out of six representatives of European hospitals described a higher rate of overall admissions during the pandemic. Three hospitals out of six reported an increase in inpatient admissions, and two centres had constant high numbers of admissions of both outpatients and inpatients. The clinicians perceived a higher symptom severity in 2020 than in 2019, especially involving more frequent use of social media, longer duration of exercising, and more restrictive eating. They supposed an increase in social media consumption, a perceived "loss of control", and a lack of in-person assessments and weight controls as the main contributing factors for the deterioration in AN numbers and symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic seems to have had a deep impact on symptom severity in AN, which is mirrored by a large increase in admission rates across Europe. An increase in exercise, social media consumption, a perceived "loss of control", and a lack of face-to-face health care seem to have contributed to this development. Further investigation is required to identify which factors may lead to the increase in incidence and deterioration of childhood and adolescent AN. Possible preventive means for the future could include educating paediatricians and health care workers about AN, regular weight assessment, and home-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gilsbach
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Plana
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Institute Clínic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, C. de Villarroel, 170, I2017SGR88108036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Institute Clínic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, C. de Villarroel, 170, I2017SGR88108036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michela Gatta
- Children and Adolescents Neuropsychiatry Unit, Woman and Child Health Department, University Hospital of Padova, University of Padova, Via VIII Febbraio, 2, 35122 Padua, PD Italy
| | - Gunilla Paulson Karlsson
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XEating Disorder Center Children & Young Adults, The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Vitaminvägen 17, 416 50 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Itziar Flamarique
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Institute Clínic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, C. de Villarroel, 170, I2017SGR88108036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Philippe Raynaud
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Place du Docteur Baylac, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Anna Riva
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Child and Adolescent Mental Health, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano Bicocca, Via G. B. Pergolesi, 33, 20900 Monza, MB Italy
| | - Anne-Line Solberg
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XEating Disorder Center Children & Young Adults, The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Vitaminvägen 17, 416 50 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Annemarie A. van Elburg
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands ,Centre for Eating Disorders, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Rintveld, 3705WE Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabet Wentz
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Ätstörningsmottagning Högsbo, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Lilla Kapplandsgatan 26B, 421 37 Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Renata Nacinovich
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Child and Adolescent Mental Health, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano Bicocca, Via G. B. Pergolesi, 33, 20900 Monza, MB Italy
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52064, Aachen, Germany.
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J. Devoe D, Han A, Anderson A, Katzman DK, Patten SB, Soumbasis A, Flanagan J, Paslakis G, Vyver E, Marcoux G, Dimitropoulos G. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders: A systematic review. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 56:5-25. [PMID: 35384016 PMCID: PMC9087369 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A growing body of evidence suggests that individuals with eating disorders (EDs) have experienced deteriorating symptoms, increased isolation, and an increase in hospital admissions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, no systematic reviews have been conducted examining the COVID-19 and ED peer-reviewed literature. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with EDs. METHOD Database searches of the peer-reviewed literature were completed in the subsequent databases: CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO (from November 2019 to October 20, 2021). All research reporting on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with EDs were included. RESULTS Fifty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, including 36,485 individuals with EDs. The pooled hospital admissions across the studies demonstrated on average a 48% (pre = 591, post = 876, n = 10 studies) increase in admissions during the pandemic compared to previous pre-pandemic timepoints. In this review, 36% of studies (n = 19) documented increases in eating disorder symptoms during the pandemic, this increase in eating disorder symptoms were documented in AN, BED, BN, and OFSED patients. Studies also demonstrated increases in anxiety (n = 9) and depression (n = 8), however patterns of change appeared to be diagnostic and timing specific (e.g., lockdowns). DISCUSSION We found a large increase in the number of hospitalizations and an increase in ED symptoms, anxiety, depression, and changes to BMI in ED patients during the pandemic. However, these changes appeared to be diagnostic and timing specific. Many qualitative studies described deterioration in ED symptomatology due to decreased access to care and treatment, changes to routine and loss of structure, negative influence of the media, and social isolation. Future studies are needed to focus on pediatric populations, new ED diagnoses, and severity of illness at presentation. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE The scientific literature suggests that individuals with eating disorders have experienced deteriorating symptoms, increased isolation, and an increase in hospital admissions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study synthesized 53 articles and explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with eating disorders. We found increases in eating disorder symptoms during the pandemic; this increase in eating disorder symptoms was documented in patients with common eating disorders including anorexia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and other specified feeding and eating disorders. This review also demonstrated changes in body mass index (an index used to classify underweight, overweight, and obesity in adults) and increases in anxiety and depression during the pandemic compared to previous timepoints; patterns of change appeared to be related to timing of lockdowns. This review provides important information on the impact of COVID-19 on the physical and mental health of individuals with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Devoe
- Department of Psychiatry, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & EducationUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada,Department of PsychologyMount Royal UniversityCalgaryCanada
| | - Angela Han
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of PediatricsThe Hospital for Sick Children, University of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Alida Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & EducationUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Debra K. Katzman
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of PediatricsThe Hospital for Sick Children, University of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Scott B. Patten
- Department of Psychiatry, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & EducationUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Andrea Soumbasis
- Department of Psychiatry, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & EducationUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Jordyn Flanagan
- Department of Psychiatry, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & EducationUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Georgios Paslakis
- University Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyRuhr‐University BochumLübbeckeGermany
| | | | | | - Gina Dimitropoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & EducationUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada,Faculty of Social WorkUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
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Schneider J, Pegram G, Gibson B, Talamonti D, Tinoco A, Craddock N, Matheson E, Forshaw M. A mixed-studies systematic review of the experiences of body image, disordered eating, and eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 56:26-67. [PMID: 35322449 PMCID: PMC9087368 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review assessed the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions on body image, disordered eating (DE), and eating disorder outcomes. METHODS After registration on PROSPERO, a search was conducted for papers published between December 1, 2019 and August 1, 2021, using the databases PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL Plus, AMED, MEDLINE, ERIC, EMBASE, Wiley, and ProQuest (dissertations and theses). RESULTS Data from 75 qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies were synthesized using a convergent integrated approach and presented narratively within four themes: (1) disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) variability in the improvement or exacerbation of symptoms; (3) factors associated with body image and DE outcomes; (4) unique challenges for marginalized and underrepresented groups. Disruptions due to the pandemic included social and functional restrictions. Although most studies reported a worsening of concerns, some participants also reported symptom improvement or no change as a result of the pandemic. Factors associated with worse outcomes included psychological, individual, social, and eating disorder-related variables. Individuals identifying as LGBTQ+ reported unique concerns during COVID-19. DISCUSSION There is large variability in individuals' responses to COVID-19 and limited research exploring the effect of the pandemic on body image, DE, and eating disorder outcomes using longitudinal and experimental study designs. In addition, further research is required to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on body image and eating concerns among minoritized, racialized, underrepresented, or otherwise marginalized participants. Based on the findings of this review, we make recommendations for individuals, researchers, clinicians, and public health messaging. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE This review of 75 studies highlights the widespread negative impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions have had on body image and disordered eating outcomes. It also identifies considerable variations in both the improvement and exacerbation of said outcomes that individuals, researchers, clinicians, and other public health professionals should be mindful of if we are to ensure that vulnerable people get the tailored support they require.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jekaterina Schneider
- Centre for Appearance Research, Department of Health and Social SciencesUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
| | - Georgina Pegram
- Centre for Appearance Research, Department of Health and Social SciencesUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
| | - Benjamin Gibson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of HealthLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - Deborah Talamonti
- Research Centre and Centre EPICMontreal Heart InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Aline Tinoco
- Centre for Appearance Research, Department of Health and Social SciencesUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
| | - Nadia Craddock
- Centre for Appearance Research, Department of Health and Social SciencesUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
| | - Emily Matheson
- Centre for Appearance Research, Department of Health and Social SciencesUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
| | - Mark Forshaw
- School of Psychology, Faculty of HealthLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
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Rao TT, Yang SL, Zhu X. How Does Social Class Affect Need for Structure during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Moderated Mediating Model Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020932. [PMID: 35055749 PMCID: PMC8776056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is profoundly affecting the minds and behaviors of people worldwide. This study investigated the differences in the need for structure among people from different social classes and the psychological mechanisms underlying this need, as well as the moderating effect of the threat posed by the pandemic. Using data collected from non-student adults in China, we found that the lower an individual's social class, the lower their need for structure, and this effect was based on the mediating role of perceived control. However, the mediating effect was moderated by pandemic threat, and the above relationship existed only when this threat was low. When the level of pandemic threat was higher, neither the effect of social class nor of perceived control on the need for structure were significant. Specifically, in higher-threat situations, the need for structure among individuals from higher social classes and who had a higher sense of control increased significantly, meaning the mediating effect was no longer significant. This finding showed that under the threat of a pandemic, individuals who have a lower need for structure will still pursue and prefer structure and order. The theoretical and practical implications of the research are also discussed.
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Ye B, Wang R, Liu M, Wang X, Yang Q. Life history strategy and overeating during COVID-19 pandemic: a moderated mediation model of sense of control and coronavirus stress. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:158. [PMID: 34886906 PMCID: PMC8655717 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the mediating effect of sense of control and the moderating effect of coronavirus stress on the relationship between life history strategy and overeating among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 period. METHODS 3310 Chinese students (Mage = 19.74, SD = 1.50; 47% males) completed self-reported questionnaires regarding life history strategy, sense of control, overeating, and coronavirus stress. The data were analyzed using Pearson's r correlations and moderated mediation analysis. RESULTS The results revealed that control sense mediated the link between life history strategy and college students' overeating. College students' coronavirus stress moderated the associations between life history strategy and college students' sense of control and between control sense and overeating. The association between life history strategy and sense of control was stronger for those with lower coronavirus stress, and the association between sense of control and overeating was stronger for those with lower coronavirus stress. CONCLUSIONS This study identified that the critical factors were associated with overeating. On the one hand, the research deepens the application and interpretation of life history theory in the field of eating; on the other hand, it provides evidence for the prevention of overeating, and provides theoretical basis for psychological assistance among Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Ruining Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Mingfan Liu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
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