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Choi JN, Kim SS, Baek JS, Park JJ, Choi JH, Lee MJ, Jang JY, Kim JS, Lee T. Incidence of fungal contamination in fresh ginseng samples and mycotoxigenic potential of representative fungal isolates. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38767320 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fresh ginseng is typically accompanied by soil after harvest, leading to contamination with harmful fungi during storage and distribution. In this study, we investigated the incidence of fungal contamination in fresh ginseng (5-6 years old) purchased from 22 different stores in Geumsan, Korea. RESULTS The incidence of fungal contamination in the samples was 67.4-111.5%. Fusarium solani was the most abundant species in the head (38.5%) and fine root (19.3%) parts of the ginseng samples, whereas F. oxysporum was the most abundant in the main root (22.0%) part. We isolated Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium spp. (total number of isolates: 395) from the ginseng samples, and 138 isolates were identified using phylogenetic analysis. Polymerase chain reaction-based screening of 65 mycotoxin-producing species revealed that two P. expansum isolates were positive for citrinin and/or patulin, and five F. oxysporum isolates were positive for fumonisin biosynthesis gene. One P. expansum isolate produced 738.0 mg kg-1 patulin, and the other produced 10.4 mg kg-1 citrinin and 12.0 mg kg-1 patulin on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Among the 47 representative F. oxysporum isolates, 43 (91.5%) produced beauvericin (0.1-15.4 mg kg-1) and four of them (8.5%) produced enniatin B and enniatin B1 (0.1-1.8 mg kg-1) as well. However, none of these toxins was detected in fresh ginseng samples. CONCLUSION Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were the most abundant species in fresh ginseng samples. Most F. oxysporum (43) and P. expansum (2) strains isolated from fresh ginseng produced beauvericin and enniatins (B and B1), and patulin or citrinin, respectively, on PDA medium. This is the first report of the mycotoxigenic potential of P. expansum and F. oxysporum strains isolated from fresh ginseng. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Nam Choi
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - So Soo Kim
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seon Baek
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ju Park
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hye Choi
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Lee
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Yeong Jang
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeom Soon Kim
- Highland Agriculture Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Theresa Lee
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
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Shi Z, Yang L, Yang M, Li K, Yang L, Han M. Temporal patterns of endophytic microbial heterogeneity across distinct ecological compartments within the Panax ginseng root system following deforestation for cultivation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1402921. [PMID: 38756733 PMCID: PMC11097776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1402921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the microbial community significantly impact the yield and quality of ginseng. Yet, the dynamics of microbial community shifts within the root endophytes of ginseng across varying cultivation periods remain inadequately understood. This study zeroes in on the microbial community variations within the xylem (M), phloem (R), and fibrous roots (X) of ginseng during the fourth (F4) and fifth (F5) years of cultivation, aiming to bridge this research gap. We assessed soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and nine individual saponins, complemented by high-throughput sequencing techniques (16S rDNA and ITS) to determine their profiles. The results showed that cultivation years mainly affected the microbial diversity of endophytic bacteria in ginseng fibrous roots compartment: the ASVs number and α-diversity Chao1 index of bacteria and fungi in F5X compartment with higher cultivation years were significantly higher than those in F4X compartment with lower cultivation years. It is speculated that the changes of fibrous roots bacterial groups may be related to the regulation of amino acid metabolic pathway. Such as D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism D-glutamine, cysteine and methionine metabolism regulation. The dominant bacteria in ginseng root are Proteobacteria (relative abundance 52.07-80.35%), Cyanobacteria (1.97-42.52%) and Bacteroidota (1.11-5.08%). Firmicutes (1.28-3.76%). There were two dominant phyla: Ascomycota (60.10-93.71%) and Basidiomycota (2.25-30.57%). Endophytic fungi were more closely related to soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities. AN, TK, OP, SWC and EC were the main driving factors of endophytic flora of ginseng root. Tetracladium decreased with the increase of cultivation years, and the decrease was more significant in phloem (F4R: 33.36%, F5R: 16.48%). The relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium, Agrobacterium and Bacillus in each ecological niche increased with the increase of cultivation years. The relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium and Agrobacterium in F5X increased by 8.35 and 9.29 times, respectively, and Bacillus in F5M increased by 5.57 times. We found a variety of potential beneficial bacteria and pathogen antagonists related to ginseng biomass and saponins, such as Bradyrhizobium, Agrobacterium, Bacillus and Exophiala, which have good potential for practical application and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Yang
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Mei Han
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Yang Y, Hu J, Wei X, Huang K, Li C, Yang G. Deciphering core microbiota in rhizosphere soil and roots of healthy and Rhizoctonia solani-infected potato plants from various locations. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1386417. [PMID: 38585705 PMCID: PMC10995396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1386417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Black scurf caused by Rhizoctonia solani severely affects potato production. Through amplification of V3-V4 and ITS1-5f variable regions of 16S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA, the study was based on the location (Kunming, Qujing, and Zhaotong), plant components (rhizosphere soil and roots), and sample types (healthy and diseased) to assess the diversity of bacterial and fungal communities. We found plant components significantly influence microbial diversity, with rhizosphere soil being more diverse than roots, and the microbial community in the root is mainly derived from the rhizosphere soil. Moreover, the rhizosphere soil and roots of healthy potato plants exhibit greater microbial diversity compared to those of potato plants infected by Rhizoctonia solani. Bacterial phyla Actinobacteriota and Acidobacteriota were enriched in rhizosphere soil compared to that of roots, whereas Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria showed the opposite trend. Fungal phylum Ascomycota was found in low relative abundance in rhizosphere soil than in roots, whereas Basidiomycota showed the opposite trend. Bacterial genera including Streptomyces, Lysobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Ensifer, Enterobacter, and the Rhizobium group (Allorhizobium, Neorhizobium, Pararhizobium, Rhizobium), along with fungal genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Purpureocillium, and Gibberella moniliformis, have the potential ability of plant growth promotion and disease resistance. However, most fungal species and some bacterial species are pathogenic to potato and could provide a conducive environment for black scurf infection. Interaction within the bacterial network increased in healthy plants, contrasting with the trend in the fungal network. Our findings indicate that R. solani significantly alters potato plant microbial diversity, underscoring the complexity and potential interactions between bacterial and fungal communities for promoting potato plant health and resistance against black scurf.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Genhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Tang J, Han Y, Pei L, Gu W, Qiu R, Wang S, Ma Q, Gan Y, Tang M. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220769. [PMID: 38027226 PMCID: PMC10668115 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the important role of the rhizosphere microbiome in the quality of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (A. lancea). The rhizosphere microbial community of A. lancea at two sampling sites was studied using metagenomic technology. The results of α-diversity analysis showed that the rhizosphere microbial richness and diversity were higher in the Maoshan area. The higher abundance of core microorganisms of the rhizosphere, especially Penicillium and Streptomyces, in the Maoshan area compared with those in the Yingshan area might be an important factor affecting the yield of A. lancea. Redundancy analysis illustrated that the available phosphorus had a significant effect on the rhizosphere microbial community structure of A. lancea. We also showed that the plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions were closer in the Maoshan area than in the Yingshan area, and Streptomyces were the main contributors to the potential functional difference between the two regions. A. lancea in the Maoshan area had a high content of atractylodin and atractylon, which might be related to the enhanced abundance of Streptomyces, Candidatus-Solibacter, and Frankia. Taken together, this study provided theoretical insights into the interaction between medicinal plants and the rhizosphere microbiome and provides a valuable reference for studying beneficial microbes of A. lancea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yun Han
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Lingfeng Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization,
Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rongli Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, China
| | - Qihan Ma
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Yifu Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Su Y, Zeeshan Ul Haq M, Liu X, Li Y, Yu J, Yang D, Wu Y, Liu Y. A Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Casparian Strip Membrane Domain Protein-like Gene Family in Pogostemon cablin in Response to p-HBA-Induced Continuous Cropping Obstacles. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3901. [PMID: 38005798 PMCID: PMC10675793 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Casparian strip membrane domain protein-like (CASPL) genes are key genes for the formation and regulation of the Casparian strip and play an important role in plant abiotic stress. However, little research has focused on the members, characteristics, and biological functions of the patchouli PatCASPL gene family. In this study, 156 PatCASPL genes were identified at the whole-genome level. Subcellular localization predicted that 75.6% of PatCASPL proteins reside on the cell membrane. A phylogenetic analysis categorized PatCASPL genes into five subclusters alongside Arabidopsis CASPL genes. In a cis-acting element analysis, a total of 16 different cis-elements were identified, among which the photo-responsive element was the most common in the CASPL gene family. A transcriptome analysis showed that p-hydroxybenzoic acid, an allelopathic autotoxic substance, affected the expression pattern of PatCASPLs, including a total of 27 upregulated genes and 30 down-regulated genes, suggesting that these PatCASPLs may play an important role in the regulation of patchouli continuous cropping obstacles by affecting the formation and integrity of Casparian strip bands. These results provided a theoretical basis for exploring and verifying the function of the patchouli PatCASPL gene family and its role in continuous cropping obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Su
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Ul Haq
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Yougen Wu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Ya Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
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Wei G, Guo X, Liang Y, Liu C, Zhang G, Liang C, Huang Z, Zheng Y, Chen S, Dong L. Occurrence of fungi and mycotoxins in herbal medicines and rapid detection of toxin-producing fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122082. [PMID: 37343918 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Contamination from external hazardous materials may greatly influence the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines. This paper aimed to evaluate the levels of contamination by mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi in herbal medicines and establish a rapid method for detecting toxin-producing fungi. Herein, 62.92%, 36.25%, and 64.17% of herbal medicines were contaminated by aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxins, and fumonisins, respectively. Aspergillus (43.77%), Fusarium (5.17%), and Cladosporium (4.46%) were the three predominant genera. Spearman's correlation results showed that Aspergillus and Fusarium were significantly and positively correlated with mycotoxin content (R > 0.5, P < 0.05). In addition, 323 fungal strains were isolated from herbal medicines, and 20 species were identified, mainly belonging to Aspergillus and Penicillium. Analysis of potential mycotoxin-producing fungi showed that Aspergillus flavus can produce AFs, and Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus niger can produce ochratoxin A (OTA). Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that A. flavus harbored AF synthesis genes (aflR), and A. ochraceus and A. niger harbored OTA synthesis genes (aoksl). With these synthesis genes, 67.07% and 37.20% of 164 herbal medicines were positive for toxigenic genes. Furthermore, an excellent correlation was found between the above gene copies and mycotoxin content (R2 = 0.99). Our results confirmed the high detection rate of mycotoxins in herbal medicines and identified pivotal AF- and OTA-producing fungi. In conclusion, this paper provided the contamination status of fungi and mycotoxins in herbal medicines and established a rapid method for detecting toxigenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yichuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Congsheng Liu
- Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Fujian, 363099, China
| | - Guozhuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Conglian Liang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhixin Huang
- Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Fujian, 363099, China
| | - Yuqing Zheng
- Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Fujian, 363099, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Linlin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Zou H, Ding Y, Shang J, Ma C, Li J, Yang Y, Cui X, Zhang J, Ji G, Wei Y. Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage MA9V-1 infecting Chryseobacterium indologenes: a pathogen of Panax notoginseng root rot. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1251211. [PMID: 37779709 PMCID: PMC10537231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chryseobacterium indologenes is one of the primary causative agents of root rot of Panax notoginseng, which significantly affected plant growth and caused economic losses. With the increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial phytopathogens, phage therapy has been garnered renewed attention in treating pathogenic bacteria. However, the therapeutic potential of phage therapy on root rot of P. notoginseng has not been evaluated. In this study, we isolated a novel lytic phage MA9V-1 infecting C. indologenes MA9 from sewage and monitored the formation of clear and round plaques with a diameter of approximately 0.5-1.5 mm. Phage MA9V-1 exhibited rapid absorption (>75% in 8 min), a latency period of 20 min, and a burst size of 10 particles per cell. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the phage MA9V-1 is a new myovirus hosting C. indologenes MA9. Sequencing of phage genomes revealed that phage MA9V-1 contained a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 213,507 bp with 263 predicted open reading frames, including phage structure, host lysing, and DNA polymerase/helicase but no genes of tRNA, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. Our proteomic tree and genomic analysis revealed that phage MA9V-1 shares identity with Sphingomonas phage PAU and Tenacibaculum phage PTm1; however, they also showed apparent differences. Further systemic evaluation using phage therapy experiments on P. notoginseng suggested that phage MA9V-1 can be a potential candidate for effectively controlling C. indologenes MA9 infection. Thus, we have presented a novel approach to solving root rot in P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yafang Ding
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junjie Shang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunlan Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guanghai Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunlin Wei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Aizi T, Lijuan L, Lihua L, Wei L, Jiamei Q. Comparative analysis of microbial community structure in different times of Panax ginseng Rhizosphere microbiome and soil properties under larch forest. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:51. [PMID: 37710149 PMCID: PMC10500862 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax ginseng cultivated under the forest is popular because its shape and effective ingredients are similar to wild ginseng. The growth of P. ginseng in the larch forest is generally better than in the broad-leaved forest, and the incidence rate of diseases is low. Therefore, the selection of forest species is one of the basic factors in the successful cropping of P. ginseng. METHODS Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the 16S rRNA/ITS gene sequence of P. ginseng rhizosphere soil under larch forest to study the rhizosphere microbiome's diversity and community composition structure. RESULTS The species classification and richness of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities in the same-aged P. ginseng were similar. Consistent with the soil system of commonly cultivated crops, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, Chloroflexi, and Basidiomycota, Ascomycota were the dominant phylum of bacteria and fungi, respectively. Compared with the soil without planting P. ginseng, the diversity of microorganisms and community structure of continuous planting for 2 years, 5 years, and 18 years of P. ginseng rhizosphere soil had little change. The accumulation levels of Ilyonectria, Fusarium, Gibberella, and Cylindrocarpon were not significantly increased with planting P. ginseng and the increased age of cropping P. ginseng. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that the soil function of the larch forest was good, which provided a theoretical basis for the land selection and soil improvement of cultivating P. ginseng under the larch forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Aizi
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134002, China
| | - Liu Lijuan
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134002, China
| | - Liu Lihua
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134002, China
| | - Liu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134002, China
| | - Qin Jiamei
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134002, China.
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Wang B, Lin Y, Yu W, Xia Q, Ali A, Wei F, Dai C, Zhang J, Cai Z, Zhao J. The loss of microbial autotoxin degradation functions is associated with the decline of beneficial bacterial agents induced by phenolic acids. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0338022. [PMID: 37698393 PMCID: PMC10581185 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03380-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous cultivation of medicinal plants can disrupt the rhizosphere's microbial community. There is still a need to know about the beneficial bacterial community, their putative drivers, and the potential functions they may have. This study used different growth years of Sanqi ginseng (Panax notoginseng) with root rot to look at the beneficial microbial community structure, the function of microbial carbon source utilization, and the function of rhizosphere soil metabolism. The beneficial bacterial community changed and the relative abundance of beneficial agents was suppressed significantly with the successive Sanqi ginseng plantings. The carbon source utilization capacity and diversity increased significantly, whereas three autotoxin degradation-related pathways (biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism) were downregulated considerably with planting year extended. The changes in the beneficial agents were driven by the shifts in phenolic acid profiles, and the decline of beneficial microbes led to the loss of microbial autotoxin degradation functions. Overall, these results provide insight into beneficial microbes, microbial functions, phenolic acids, and their interactions, and these findings are essential for maintaining healthy and sustainable cultivation of Sanqi ginseng. IMPORTANCE Sanqi ginseng is a valuable perennial Chinese herb with various benefits for human health. However, continuous cultivation causes a high incidence of root rot disease, which leads to decreased yield and serious economic losses and ultimately impedes the sustainable development of Chinese medicine production. The significance of this study is to reveal the pattern of changes in beneficial bacteria and their related functions in root rot diseased rhizosphere with the successive planting years of Sanqi ginseng. This study found that the decline of beneficial bacterial agents mediated by phenolic acid profiles appears to be associated with the loss of microbial autotoxin degradation functions. This result may have new implications for deciphering the causes of Sanqi ginseng's continuous cropping obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulan Lin
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Xia
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ahmad Ali
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fugang Wei
- Miaoxiang Sanqi Technology Co., Ltd., Wenshan, China
| | - Chuanchao Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Soil Utilization & Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Soil Utilization & Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Soil Utilization & Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China
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10
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Zeeshan Ul Haq M, Yu J, Yao G, Yang H, Iqbal HA, Tahir H, Cui H, Liu Y, Wu Y. A Systematic Review on the Continuous Cropping Obstacles and Control Strategies in Medicinal Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12470. [PMID: 37569843 PMCID: PMC10419402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous cropping (CC) is a common practice in agriculture, and usually causes serious economic losses due to soil degeneration, decreased crop yield and quality, and increased disease incidence, especially in medicinal plants. Continuous cropping obstacles (CCOs) are mainly due to changes in soil microbial communities, nutrient availability, and allelopathic effects. Recently, progressive studies have illustrated the molecular mechanisms of CCOs, and valid strategies to overcome them. Transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses revealed that identified DEGs (differently expressed genes) and metabolites involved in the response to CCOs are involved in various biological processes, including photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and bioactive compounds. Soil improvement is an effective strategy to overcome this problem. Soil amendments can improve the microbial community by increasing the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, soil fertility, and nutrient availability. In this review, we sum up the recent status of the research on CCOs in medicinal plants, the combination of transcriptomic and metabolomics studies, and related control strategies, including uses of soil amendments, crop rotation, and intercropping. Finally, we propose future research trends for understanding CCOs, and strategies to overcome these obstacles and promote sustainable agriculture practices in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ya Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yougen Wu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
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11
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Liu C, Yu J, Ying J, Zhang K, Hu Z, Liu Z, Chen S. Integrated metagenomics and metabolomics analysis reveals changes in the microbiome and metabolites in the rhizosphere soil of Fritillaria unibracteata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1223720. [PMID: 37600181 PMCID: PMC10436506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1223720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Fritillaria unibracteata (FU) is a renowned herb in China that requires strict growth conditions in its cultivation process. During this process, the soil microorganisms and their metabolites may directly affect the growth and development of FU, for example, the pathogen infection and sipeimine production. However, few systematic studies have reported the changes in the microbiome and metabolites during FU cultivation thus far. In this work, we simultaneously used metagenomics and metabolomics technology to monitor the changes in microbial communities and metabolites in the rhizosphere of FU during its cultivation for one, two, and three years. Moreover, the interaction between microorganisms and metabolites was investigated by co-occurrence network analysis. The results showed that the microbial composition between the three cultivation-year groups was significantly different (2020-2022). The dominant genera changed from Pseudomonas and Botrytis in CC1 to Mycolicibacterium and Pseudogymnoascus in CC3. The relative abundances of beneficial microorganisms decreased, while the relative abundances of harmful microorganisms showed an increasing trend. The metabolomics results showed that significant changes of the of metabolite composition were observed in the rhizosphere soil, and the relative abundances of some beneficial metabolites showed a decreasing trend. In this study, we discussed the changes in the microbiome and metabolites during the three-year cultivation of FU and revealed the relationship between microorganisms and metabolites. This work provides a reference for the efficient and sustainable cultivation of FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingsheng Yu
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jizhe Ying
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiang Liu
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Sun J, Yang J, Zhao S, Yu Q, Weng L, Xiao C. Root exudates influence rhizosphere fungi and thereby synergistically regulate Panax ginseng yield and quality. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1194224. [PMID: 37547697 PMCID: PMC10397396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1194224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Root exudates contain a complex array of primary and specialized metabolites that play important roles in plant growth due to their stimulatory and inhibitory activities that can select for specific microbes. In this study, we investigated the effects of different root exudate concentrations on the growth of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey), ginsenoside levels, and soil fungal community composition and diversity. The results showed that low root exudate concentrations in the soil promoted ginseng rhizome biomass and ginsenoside levels (Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Ro, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd) in rhizomes. However, the rhizome biomass and ginsenoside levels gradually decreased with further increases in the root exudate concentration. ITS sequencing showed that low root exudate concentrations in the soil hardly altered the rhizosphere fungal community structure. High root exudate concentrations altered the structure, involving microecological imbalance, with reduced abundances of potentially beneficial fungi (such as Mortierella) and increased abundances of potentially pathogenic fungi (such as Fusarium). Correlation analysis showed that rhizome biomass and ginsenoside levels were significantly positively correlated with the abundances of potentially beneficial fungi, while the opposite was true for potentially pathogenic fungi. Overall, low root exudate concentrations promote the growth and development of ginseng; high root exudate concentrations lead to an imbalance in the rhizosphere fungal community of ginseng and reduce the plant's adaptability. This may be an important factor in the reduced ginseng yield and quality and soil sickness when ginseng is grown continuously.
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13
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Xing Y, Bian C, Xue H, Song Y, Men W, Hou W, Yang Y, Cai Q, Xu L. The effect of plant compartment and geographical location on shaping microbiome of Pulsatilla chinensis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12641-x. [PMID: 37436481 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The plant-associated microbiome has an effect on plant growth. Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel is an important Chinese medicinal plant. Currently, there is little understanding of the P. chinensis-associated microbiome and its diversity and composition. Here, the core microbiome associated with the root, leaf, and rhizospheric soil compartments of P. chinensis from five geographical locations was analyzed by the metagenomics approach. The alpha and beta diversity analysis showed that the microbiome associated with P. chinensis was shaped by the compartment, especially in the bacterial community. The geographical location had little influence on microbial community diversity associated with root and leaf. Hierarchical clustering distinguished the microbial communities of rhizospheric soil based on their geographical location and among the soil properties, pH was showed the more stronger effect on the diversity of rhizospheric soil microbial communities. Proteobacteria was the most dominant bacterial phylum in the root, leaf, and rhizospheric soil. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most dominant fungal phyla in different compartments. Rhizobacter, Anoxybacillus, and IMCC26256 were the most important marker bacterial species for root, leaf, and rhizospheric soil screened by random forest, respectively. The fungal marker species for root, leaf, and rhizospheric soil were not only different across the compartments but also the geographical locations. Functional analysis showed that P. chinensis-associated microbiome had the similar function which had no obvious relationship with geographical location and compartment. The associated microbiome indicated in this study can be used for identifying microorganisms related to the quality and growth of P. chinensis. KEY POINTS: • Microbiome associated with P. chinensis was shaped by the compartment • Microbiome composition and abundance associated with rhizospheric soil were affected by the geographical location • Compared with fungi, bacterial associated with P. chinensis composition and diversity were more stable in different geographical locations and compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Che Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Hefei Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yueyue Song
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Wenxiao Men
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Wenjuan Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yanyun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Qian Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
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14
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Jamwal VL, Rather IA, Ahmed S, Kumar A, Gandhi SG. Changing Rhizosphere Microbial Community and Metabolites with Developmental Stages of Coleus barbatus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030705. [PMID: 36985280 PMCID: PMC10056624 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coleus barbatus is a medicinal herb belonging to Lamiaceae. It is the only living organism known to produce forskolin, which is a labdane diterpene and is reported to activate adenylate cyclase. Microbes associated with plants play an important role in maintaining plant health. Recently, the targeted application of beneficial plant-associated microbes and their combinations in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance has gained momentum. In this work, we carried out the rhizosphere metagenome sequencing of C. barbatus at different developmental stages to understand how rhizosphere microflora are affected by and affect the metabolite content in plants. We found that the Kaistobacter genus was abundantly present in the rhizosphere of C. barbatus and its accumulation pattern appears to correlate with the quantities of forskolin in the roots at different developmental stages. Members of the Phoma genus, known for several pathogenic species, were in lower numbers in the C. barbatus rhizosphere in comparison with C. blumei. To our knowledge, this is the first metagenomic study of the rhizospheric microbiome of C. barbatus, which may help to explore and exploit the culturable and non-culturable microbial diversity present in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Sajad Ahmed
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sumit G. Gandhi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Correspondence: or
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Saberi Riseh R, Hassanisaadi M, Vatankhah M, Kennedy JF. Encapsulating biocontrol bacteria with starch as a safe and edible biopolymer to alleviate plant diseases: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120384. [PMID: 36604062 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Healthy foods with few artificial additives are in high demand among consumers. Preserving conventional pesticides, frequently used as chemicals to control phytopathogens, is challenging. Therefore, we proposed an innovative approach to protect agricultural products in this review. Biocontrol bacteria are safe alternatives with low stability and low efficiency in the free-form formulation. The encapsulation technique for covering active compounds (e.g., antimicrobials) represents a more efficient protection technology because encapsulation causes the controlled release of bioactive materials and reduces the application doses. Of the biopolymers able to form a capsule, starch exhibits several advantages, such as its ready availability, cost-effectively, edible, colorless, and tasteless. Nevertheless, the poor mechanical properties of starch can be improved with other edible biopolymers. In addition, applying formulations incorporated with more than one antimicrobial material offers synergistic effects. This review presented the starch-based capsules used to enclose antimicrobial agents as effective tools against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran.
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, 7618411764 Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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16
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Li Y, Jones FG, Zhang B, Cui J, Zhang W. The effect of short-term fallowing on the microbial communities in forest soil cultivated with ginseng: Preliminary research. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14758. [PMID: 36743964 PMCID: PMC9897065 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Continuous cultivation of ginseng crops in fixed plots can lead to disease outbreaks, yield losses and replanting failures. Fallow periods can help restore soil health and increase the sustainability of agricultural systems; however, taking land out of production for extended periods is often not feasible. Short-term fallow periods could restore soil health, but few studies have examined the effects of short-term fallow treatment on the health of soil in ginseng fields. Methods In this preliminary study, we used metagenomic analysis to assess changes in the abundance of major ginseng pathogens and soil health overall following a short-term fallow period in a region in the Changbai Mountains. A sample from a forest plot (Hx0ks), was compared to a sample from a field where ginseng was previously cultivated and then had been left fallow for two years (Hx2), and a sample from a field that had been fallow for two years and was subsequently replanted with ginseng (Clsd). Results Soil that was fallow for two years, and then replanted with ginseng, showed reduced nutrient content and lower diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities than soil that remained fallow. Candidatus Solibacter (5%) and Rhizomicrobium (3%) were the most abudant bacterial genera in Hx2. Rhizomicrobium (4%) and Gemmatimonas (3%) were the most abundant bacterial genera in Clsd. Mortierella (22%) and Peziza (12%) dominated the fungal community in Hx2. Lecanicillium (38%) and Mortierella (13%) dominated the fungal community in Clsd. Fallow periods also increased the functional diversity of soil as predicted by PICRUSt and decreased the relative abundance of the pathogenic fungi. Conclusions Preliminary findings were consistent with the hypothesis that fallow management in ginseng cultivation can improve soil microbial community structure and function and reduces the number of plant pathogens; however, testing this hypothesis will require replicated plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Jilin Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environment, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | | | - Bing Zhang
- Jilin Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environment, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Juntao Cui
- Jilin Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environment, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Changchun Polytechnic, Department of Modern Agricultural Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
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17
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Liu C, Xia R, Tang M, Liu X, Bian R, Yang L, Zheng J, Cheng K, Zhang X, Drosos M, Li L, Shan S, Joseph S, Pan G. More microbial manipulation and plant defense than soil fertility for biochar in food production: A field experiment of replanted ginseng with different biochars. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1065313. [PMID: 36583057 PMCID: PMC9792985 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1065313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of biochar-microbe interaction in plant rhizosphere mediating soil-borne disease suppression has been poorly understood for plant health in field conditions. Chinese ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is widely cultivated in Alfisols across Northeast China, being often stressed severely by pathogenic diseases. In this study, the topsoil of a continuously cropped ginseng farm was amended at 20 t ha-1, respectively, with manure biochar (PB), wood biochar (WB), and maize residue biochar (MB) in comparison to conventional manure compost (MC). Post-amendment changes in edaphic properties of bulk topsoil and the rhizosphere, in root growth and quality, and disease incidence were examined with field observations and physicochemical, molecular, and biochemical assays. In the 3 years following the amendment, the increases over MC in root biomass were parallel to the overall fertility improvement, being greater with MB and WB than with PB. Differently, the survival rate of ginseng plants increased insignificantly with PB but significantly with WB (14%) and MB (21%), while ginseng root quality was unchanged with WB but improved with PB (32%) and MB (56%). For the rhizosphere at harvest following 3 years of growing, the total content of phenolic acids from root exudate decreased by 56, 35, and 45% with PB, WB, and MB, respectively, over MC. For the rhizosphere microbiome, total fungal and bacterial abundance both was unchanged under WB but significantly increased under MB (by 200 and 38%), respectively, over MC. At the phyla level, abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal and Bryobacter as potentially beneficial microbes were elevated while those of Fusarium and Ilyonectria as potentially pathogenic microbes were reduced, with WB and MB over MC. Moreover, rhizosphere fungal network complexity was enhanced insignificantly under PB but significantly under WB moderately and MB greatly, over MC. Overall, maize biochar exerted a great impact rather on rhizosphere microbial community composition and networking of functional groups, particularly fungi, and thus plant defense than on soil fertility and root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Xia
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Man Tang
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongjun Bian
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jufeng Zheng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Marios Drosos
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stephen Joseph
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Genxing Pan, , ; orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-0532
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Wei G, Zhang G, Li M, Liu C, Wei F, Wang Y, Huang Z, Chen Z, Zheng Y, Chen S, Dong L. Core rhizosphere microbiome of Panax notoginseng and its associations with belowground biomass and saponin contents. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:6238-6251. [PMID: 36229418 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The core rhizosphere microbiome is critical for plant fitness. However, its contribution to the belowground biomass and saponin contents of Panax notoginseng remains unclear. High-throughput sequencing of amplicon and metagenome was performed to obtain the microbiome profiles and functional traits in P. notoginseng rhizosphere across a large spatial scale. We obtained 639 bacterial and 310 fungal core OTUs, which were mainly affected by soil pH and organic matter (OM). The core taxa were grouped into four ecological clusters (i.e. high pH, low pH, high OM and low OM) for sharing similar habitat preferences. Furthermore, structural equation modelling (SEM) and correlation analyses revealed that the diversity and composition of core microbiomes, as well as the metagenome-derived microbial functions, were related to belowground biomass and saponin contents. Key microbial genera related to the two plant indicators were also identified. In short, this study explored the main driving environmental factors of core microbiomes in the P. notoginseng rhizosphere and revealed that the core microbiomes and microbial functions potentially contributed to the belowground biomass and saponin contents of the plant. This work may enhance our understanding of interactions between microbes and perennial plants and improve our ability to manage root microbiota for the sustainable production of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congsheng Liu
- Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Fujian, China
| | - Fugang Wei
- Wenshan Miaoxiang Notoginseng Technology, Co., Ltd, Wenshan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Sanqi Research, Wenshan University, Wenshan, China
| | - Zhixin Huang
- Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Wenshan Miaoxiang Notoginseng Technology, Co., Ltd, Wenshan, China
| | - Yuqing Zheng
- Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Fujian, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang G, Ren Y, Bai X, Su Y, Han J. Contributions of Beneficial Microorganisms in Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement of Medicinal Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3200. [PMID: 36501240 PMCID: PMC9740990 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants (MPs) are important resources widely used in the treatment and prevention of diseases and have attracted much attention owing to their significant antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other activities. However, soil degradation, caused by continuous cropping, excessive chemical fertilizers and pesticide residues and heavy metal contamination, seriously restricts the growth and quality formation of MPs. Microorganisms, as the major biota in soil, play a critical role in the restoration of the land ecosystem. Rhizosphere microecology directly or indirectly affects the growth and development, metabolic regulation and active ingredient accumulation of MPs. Microbial resources, with the advantages of economic efficiency, harmless to environment and non-toxic to organisms, have been recommended as a promising alternative to conventional fertilizers and pesticides. The introduction of beneficial microbes promotes the adaptability of MPs to adversity stress by enhancing soil fertility, inhibiting pathogens and inducing systemic resistance. On the other hand, it can improve the medicinal quality by removing soil pollutants, reducing the absorption and accumulation of harmful substances and regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The ecological and economic benefits of the soil microbiome in agricultural practices are increasingly recognized, but the current understanding of the interaction between soil conditions, root exudates and microbial communities and the mechanism of rhizosphere microecology affecting the secondary metabolism of MPs is still quite limited. More research is needed to investigate the effects of the microbiome on the growth and quality of different medicinal species. Therefore, the present review summarizes the main soil issues in medicinal plant cultivation, the functions of microbes in soil remediation and plant growth promotion and the potential mechanism to further guide the use of microbial resources to promote the ecological cultivation and sustainable development of MPs.
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Yan W, Cao S, Liu X, Yao G, Yu J, Zhang J, Bian T, Yu W, Wu Y. Combined physiological and transcriptome analysis revealed the response mechanism of Pogostemon cablin roots to p-hydroxybenzoic acid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:980745. [PMID: 36226287 PMCID: PMC9549242 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.980745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pogostemon cablin (patchouli) cultivation is challenged by serious soil sickness, of which autotoxins accumulation is a major cause. p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) is one of the main autotoxins of patchouli. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the response of patchouli to p-HBA remains unclear. In this study, RNA-sequencing combined with physiological analysis was used to monitor the dynamic transcriptomic and physiological changes in patchouli seedlings 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h after p-HBA treatment. p-HBA stress inhibited root biomass accumulation, induced excessive hydrogen peroxide accumulation and lipid peroxidation, and activated most antioxidant enzymes. Compared with that of the control, the osmotic adjustment substance content was elevated with treatment. Subsequently, 15,532, 8,217, 8,946, 2,489, and 5,843 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h after p-HBA treatment, respectively, were identified in patchouli roots. GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched mainly in plasma membrane, defense response, response to chitin, DNA-binding transcription factor activity and abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway. The upregulated genes were involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and linoleic acid metabolism. Genes associated with MAPK signaling pathway-plant, plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction were downregulated with p-HBA treatment. These pathways are related to root browning and rotting, leading to plant death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuping Yan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shijia Cao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guanglong Yao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Tengfei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wengang Yu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yougen Wu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
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21
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The Untapped Potential of Ginsenosides and American Ginseng Berry in Promoting Mental Health via the Gut-Brain Axis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122523. [PMID: 35745252 PMCID: PMC9227060 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the popularity of the ginseng (Panax) root in health research and on the market, the ginseng berry’s potential remains relatively unexplored. Implementing ginseng berry cultivations and designing berry-derived products could improve the accessibility to mental health-promoting nutraceuticals. Indeed, the berry could have a higher concentration of neuroprotective and antidepressant compounds than the root, which has already been the subject of research demonstrating its efficacy in the context of neuroprotection and mental health. In this review, data on the berry’s application in supporting mental health via the gut–brain axis is compiled and discussed.
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22
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Ahmed W, Dai Z, Liu Q, Munir S, Yang J, Karunarathna SC, Li S, Zhang J, Ji G, Zhao Z. Microbial Cross-Talk: Dissecting the Core Microbiota Associated With Flue-Cured Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum) Plants Under Healthy and Diseased State. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:845310. [PMID: 35495684 PMCID: PMC9048796 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.845310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease of flue-cured tobacco production which poses significant yield losses all around the world. In this study, we evaluated the rhizosphere microbiome of healthy and bacterial wilt-infected (diseased) flue-cured tobacco plants through amplification of V3-V4 and ITS1-5f variable regions of 16S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA. The study was based on the location (Qujing, Shilin, and Wenshan), plant components (rhizosphere soil and roots), and sample types (healthy and diseased) to assess the diversity of bacterial and fungal communities. Bacterial and fungal communities present in roots primarily emanated from rhizosphere soil. Healthy flue-cured tobacco plants exhibit high microbial diversity compared to diseased plants. Among three variables, plant components significantly influence the diversity of microbial communities, whereas rhizosphere soil harbors higher microbial diversity than roots. Bacterial phyla Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria were found in high relative abundance in roots and rhizosphere soil samples, respectively. As far as fungi is concerned, a high relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota was found in both rhizosphere soil and root. Bacterial genera such as Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer, Neorhizobium, and Lysobacter related to plant growth promotion and disease suppressing abilities were dominant than fungal genera. Analysis of relative abundance at specie-level revealed that most fungal species are pathogenic to flue-cured tobacco and could provide a conducive environment for wilt infection. In conclusion, R. solanacearum significantly influences the microbial diversity of flue-cured tobacco plants and negatively affects the bacterial community composition. Altogether, our study demonstrates the complexity of bacterial and fungal communities that possibly interact with each other (microbe–microbe) and host (host–microbe). This cross-talk could be helpful for healthy flue-cured tobacco plant growth and to induce resistance against bacterial wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmed
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenlin Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shahzad Munir
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Resources, Environment, and Chemistry, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, China
| | - Samantha C Karunarathna
- Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resources and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Shichen Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guanghai Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengxiong Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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23
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Wei G, Li M, Zhang G, Chen Z, Wei F, Jiao S, Qian J, Wang Y, Wei J, Wang Y, Meng X, Fitzgerald M, Yu Y, Dong L, Chen S. Temporal Dynamics of Rhizosphere Communities Across the Life Cycle of Panax notoginseng. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:853077. [PMID: 35432289 PMCID: PMC9010977 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbiome promotes plant growth; however, the succession of rhizosphere microbial community during the growth stages of perennial medicinal plant Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) is still unclear. Here, amplicon sequencing was performed to assess the succession characteristics of rhizosphere microbiomes during developmental stages. Results showed that bacterial and fungal communities were mainly shaped by the development stages. The microbial α-diversities first increased and then decreased with plant growth and the variation in microbial composition was active at the 3-year root growth (3YR) stage. The variation trend of cross-domain co-occurrence network complexity was similar to that of α-diversities. Cross-domain nodes decreased at the 3YR stage and fungal nodes increased at the 3YR stage. This study provided a detailed and systematic survey of rhizosphere microbiomes during the growth stages of P. notoginseng. The findings revealed that the development stages of P. notoginseng drove the temporal dynamics of rhizosphere communities. This study helps in harnessing the power of microbiomes to evaluate herbal medicine growth and provides valuable information to guide the microbial breeding of medical plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Institute of Sanqi Research, Wenshan University, Wenshan, China
| | - Fugang Wei
- Wenshan Miaoxiang Notoginseng Technology, Co., Ltd., Wenshan, China
| | - Shuo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Sanqi Research, Wenshan University, Wenshan, China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiangxiao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yuqi Yu
- Wenshan Miaoxiang Notoginseng Technology, Co., Ltd., Wenshan, China
| | - Linlin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Cao Y, Yang ZX, Yang DM, Lu N, Yu SZ, Meng JY, Chen XJ. Tobacco Root Microbial Community Composition Significantly Associated With Root-Knot Nematode Infections: Dynamic Changes in Microbiota and Growth Stage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:807057. [PMID: 35222332 PMCID: PMC8863970 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.807057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The root-knot nematode (RKN) is an important pathogen that affects the growth of many crops. Exploring the interaction of biocontrol bacteria-pathogens-host root microbes is the theoretical basis for improving colonization and controlling the effect of biocontrol bacteria in the rhizosphere. Therefore, 16S and 18S rRNA sequencing technology was used to explore the microbial composition and diversity of tobacco roots (rhizosphere and endophytic) at different growth stages in typical tobacco RKN-infected areas for 2 consecutive years. We observed that RKN infection changed the α-diversity and microbial composition of root microorganisms and drove the transformation of microorganisms from bacteria to fungi. The abundance of Sphingomonas decreased significantly from 18% to less than 3%, while the abundance of Rhizobiaceae increased from 4 to 15% at the early growth stage during the first planting year, and it promoted the proliferation of Chryseobacterium at the late growth stage in rhizosphere microorganisms with the highest abundance of 17%. The overall trend of rhizosphere microorganisms changed in the early growth stage with increasing growth time. The specific results were as follows: (1) Rhizobiaceae and Chryseobacterium increased rapidly after 75 days, became the main abundant bacteria in the rhizosphere microorganisms. (2) The dominant flora in fungi were Fusarium and Setophoma. (3) Comparing the root microbes in 2017 and 2018, RKN infection significantly promoted the proliferation of Pseudomonas and Setophoma in both the rhizosphere and endophytes during the second year of continuous tobacco planting, increasing the relative abundance of Pseudomonas from 2 to 25%. Pseudomonas was determined to play an important role in plant pest control. Finally, a total of 32 strains of growth-promoting bacteria were screened from tobacco rhizosphere bacteria infected with RKN through a combination of 16S rRNA sequencing and life-promoting tests. The results of this research are helpful for analyzing the relationship between RKNs and bacteria in plants, providing reference data for elucidating the pathogenesis of RKNs and new ideas for the biological control of RKNs. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | | | | | - Ning Lu
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi-Zhou Yu
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian-Yu Meng
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
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25
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Mahapatra S, Yadav R, Ramakrishna W. Bacillus subtilis Impact on Plant Growth, Soil Health and Environment: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3543-3562. [PMID: 35137494 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increased dependence of farmers on chemical fertilizers poses a risk to soil fertility and ecosystem stability. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are at the forefront of sustainable agriculture, providing multiple benefits for the enhancement of crop production and soil health. Bacillus subtilis is a common PGPR in soil that plays a key role in conferring biotic and abiotic stress tolerance to plants by induced systemic resistance (ISR), biofilm formation, and lipopeptide production. As a part of bioremediating technologies, Bacillus spp. can purify metal contaminated soil. It acts as a potent denitrifying agent in agroecosystems while improving the carbon sequestration process when applied in a regulated concentration. Although it harbors several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), it can reduce the horizontal transfer of ARGs during manure composting by modifying the genetic makeup of existing microbiota. In some instances, it affects the beneficial microbes of the rhizosphere. External inoculation of B. subtilis has both positive and negative impacts on the endophytic and semi-synthetic microbial community. Soil texture, type, pH, and bacterial concentration play a crucial role in the regulation of all these processes. Soil amendments and microbial consortia of Bacillus produced by microbial engineering could be used to lessen the negative effect on soil microbial diversity. The complex plant-microbe interactions could be decoded using transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics strategies which would be beneficial for both crop productivity and the well-being of soil microbiota. Bacillus subtilis has more positive attributes similar to the character of Dr. Jekyll and some negative attributes on plant growth, soil health, and the environment akin to the character of Mr. Hyde.
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26
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Fang X, Wang H, Zhao L, Wang M, Sun M. Diversity and structure of the rhizosphere microbial communities of wild and cultivated ginseng. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:2. [PMID: 34979908 PMCID: PMC8721995 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02421-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resources of wild ginseng have been reducing sharply, and it is mainly dependent on artificial cultivation in China, Korea and Japan. Based on cultivation modes, cultivated ginseng include understory wild ginseng (the seeds or seedlings of cultivated ginseng were planted under the theropencedrymion without human intervention) and farmland cultivated ginseng (grown in farmland with human intervention). Cultivated ginseng, can only be planted on the same plot of land consecutively for several years owing to soilborne diseases, which is mainly because of the variation in the soil microbial community. In contrast, wild ginseng can grow for hundreds of years. However, the knowledge of rhizosphere microbe communities of the wild ginseng is limited. RESULT In the present study, the microbial communities in rhizosphere soils of the three types of ginseng were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA for bacteria and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for fungi. In total, 4,381 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 2,679 fungal OTUs were identified in rhizosphere soils of the three types of ginseng. Among them, the shared bacterial OTUs was more than fungal OTUs by the three types of ginseng, revealing fungal communities were to be more affected than bacterial communities. In addition, the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities and bacterial diversity were similar between understory wild ginseng and wild ginseng. However, higher bacterial diversity and lower fungal diversity were found in rhizosphere soils of wild ginseng compared with farmland cultivated ginseng. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Fusarium and Alternaria were higher in farmland cultivated ginseng compared to wild ginseng and understory wild ginseng. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that composition and diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities were significantly different in three types of ginseng. This study extended the knowledge pedigree of the microbial diversity populating rhizospheres, and provided insights into resolving the limiting bottleneck on the sustainable development of P. ginseng crops, and even the other crops of Panax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Huaying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Manqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Mingzhou Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China.
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27
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Gómez-Godínez LJ, Martínez-Romero E, Banuelos J, Arteaga-Garibay RI. Tools and challenges to exploit microbial communities in agriculture. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100062. [PMID: 34841352 PMCID: PMC8610360 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants contain diverse microbial communities. The associated microorganisms confer advantages to the host plant, which include growth promotion, nutrient absorption, stress tolerance, and pathogen and disease resistance. In this review, we explore how agriculture is implementing the use of microbial inoculants (single species or consortia) to improve crop yields, and discuss current strategies to study plant-associated microorganisms and how their diversity varies under unconventional agriculture. It is predicted that microbial inoculation will continue to be used in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Jacqueline Gómez-Godínez
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarios. Boulevard de la Biodiversidad 400, Rancho las Cruces, C.P. 47600. Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Centro de Ciencias genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos México
| | - Jacob Banuelos
- Laboratorio de Organismos Benéficos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana. Circuito Aguirre Beltrán SN, Col. Universitaria, CP 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Ramón I. Arteaga-Garibay
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarios. Boulevard de la Biodiversidad 400, Rancho las Cruces, C.P. 47600. Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
- Corresponding authors.
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28
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Liang Y, Wei G, Ning K, Zhang G, Liu Y, Dong L, Chen S. Contents of lobetyolin, syringin, and atractylolide III in Codonopsis pilosula are related to dynamic changes of endophytes under drought stress. Chin Med 2021; 16:122. [PMID: 34809641 PMCID: PMC8607676 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Codonopsis pilosula, an important medicinal plant, can accumulate certain metabolites under moderate drought stress. Endophytes are involved in the metabolite accumulations within medicinal plants. It is still unknown that the endophytes of C. pilosula are associated with the accumulations of metabolites. This study aims to investigate the promoting effect of endophytes on the accumulations of active substances in C. pilosula under drought stress. Methods High–performance liquid chromatography and high–throughput sequencing technology were performed to investigate changes in the contents of secondary metabolite and endophyte abundances of C. pilosula under drought stress, respectively. Spearman’s correlation analysis was further conducted to identify the endophytic biomarkers related to accumulations of pharmacodynamic compounds. Culture-dependent experiments were performed to confirm the functions of endophytes in metabolite accumulations. Results The distribution of pharmacological components and diversity and composition of endophytes showed tissue specificity within C. pilosula. The contents of lobetyolin, syringin, and atractylolide III in C. pilosula under drought stress were increased by 8.47%‒86.47%, 28.78%‒230.98%, and 32.17%‒177.86%, respectively, in comparison with those in untreated groups. The Chao 1 and Shannon indices in different parts of drought–stressed C. pilosula increased compared with those in untreated parts. The composition of endophytic communities in drought treatment parts of C. pilosula was different from that in control parts. A total of 226 microbial taxa were identified as potential biomarkers, of which the abundances of 42 taxa were significantly and positively correlated to the pharmacodynamic contents. Culture-dependent experiments confirmed that the contents of lobetyolin and atractylolide III were increased by the application of Epicoccum thailandicum, Filobasidium magnum, and Paraphoma rhaphiolepidis at the rates of 11.12%‒46.02%, and that the content of syringin was increased by Pseudomonas nitroreducens at the rates of 118.61%‒119.36%. Conclusions Certain endophytes participated in the accumulations of bioactive metabolites, which provided a scientific evidence for the development and application of microorganisms to improve the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00533-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.,Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guangfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guozhuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Youping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Linlin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing, 100700, China.
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29
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Cao P, Wei X, Wang G, Chen X, Han J, Li Y. Microbial inoculants and garbage fermentation liquid reduced root-knot nematode disease and As uptake in Panax quinquefolium cultivation by modulating rhizosphere microbiota community. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 14:58-69. [PMID: 36120127 PMCID: PMC9476822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To find a suitable ecological cultivation measure to solve the problem of root-knot nematode disease of Panax quinquefolium (Panacis Quinquefolii Radix) and the heavy metals accumulating in its roots. Methods Three-year-old P. quinquefolium was treated with four different combinations of microbial inoculant (MI) and garbage fermentation liquid (GFL) [the joint application of ‘TuXiu’ MI and Fifty potassium MI (TF), the combination use of ‘No. 1′ MI and Fifty potassium MI (NF), ‘Gulefeng’ poly-γ-glutamic acid MI (PGA), GFL], and the untreated control (CK). Here, high-throughput sequencing, ICP-MS and UPLC were employed to systematically characterize changes of microbial diversity and structure composition, heavy metals (As, Cd and Pb) content and ginsenoside content among different treatments. Results The results revealed that different MIs and GFL could increase the root dry weight of P. quinquefolium, PGA enhanced it by 83.24%, followed by GFL (49.93%), meanwhile, PGA and GFL were able to lessen root-knot nematode disease incidence by 57.25% and 64.35%. The treatment of PGA and GFL can also effectively reduce heavy metals in roots. The As content in GFL and PGA was decreased by 52.17% and 43.48% respectively, while the Cd and Pb contents of GFL and PGA was decreased somewhat. Additionally, the content of total ginsenosides was increased by 42.14% and 42.07%, in response to TF and NF, respectively. Our metagenomic analysis showed that the relative abundance of particular soil microbial community members related to the biocontrol of root-knot nematode disease and plant pathogen (i.e., Chaetomium in NF, Xylari in GFL, and Microascus in PGA), heavy metal bioremediation (Hyphomacrobium in PGA and Xylaria in GFL), and nitrogen fixation (Nordella and Nitrospira in TF) was significantly increased; notably, potential harmful microflora, such as Plectosaphaerella and Rhizobacter, were more abundant in the control group. Conclusion MI and GFL could improve the quality of P. quinquefolium by modifying its rhizosphere microbial community structure and composition, both of them are beneficial to the development of ecological cultivation of P. quinquefolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cao
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuemin Wei
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianping Han
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Wei G, Ning K, Zhang G, Yu H, Yang S, Dai F, Dong L, Chen S. Compartment Niche Shapes the Assembly and Network of Cannabis sativa-Associated Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:714993. [PMID: 34675893 PMCID: PMC8524047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.714993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between plants and microbes may promote the growth of plants and regulate the production of secondary metabolites. Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is an annual herb and an important commercial crop. However, the assembly and network of hemp-associated microbiomes inhabiting in soil and plant compartments have not been comprehensively understood. This work investigated the assembly and network of bacterial and fungal communities living in soils (bulk and rhizosphere) and plant compartments (root, stem, leaf, and flower) of four hemp ecotypes cultivated in the same habitat. Microbiome assembly was predominantly shaped by compartment niche. Microbial alpha diversity was the highest in soil, continually decreased from root to flower. Core bacterial genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Rhizobium, Planococcus, and Sphingomonas were mostly enriched in aerial endosphere niches; Clitopilus, Plectosphaerella, and Mortierella were enriched in belowground endosphere. Microbial network complexity and connectivity decreased from root to flower. According to source tracking analysis, hemp microbiota primarily originated from soil and were subsequently filtered in different plant compartments. This work provides details on hemp-associated microbiome along the soil-plant continuum and a comprehensive understanding of the origin and transmission mode of endophytes in hemp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Yu
- Yunnan Industrial Investment Group, Yunnan Hemp Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Yunnan Industrial Investment Group, Yunnan Hemp Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Fei Dai
- Yunnan Industrial Investment Group, Yunnan Hemp Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Linlin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gao C, Wang B, Ma GC, Zeng H. Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Bacillus axarquiensis TUBP1 Reduced Cotton Verticillium Wilt Incidence by Altering Soil Rhizosphere Microbial Communities. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3562-3576. [PMID: 34347145 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a major disease of cotton that considerably decreases yield and crop quality. Soil microbial communities play an important role in plant health. Therefore, biocontrol bacteria that regulate microbial communities in rhizosphere soil can improve plant resistance to pathogens. Previously, the antagonistic strain Bacillus axarquiensis TUBP1 was screened and found to act against Verticillium dahliae with 43% biocontrol effect in cotton fields. We studied the effect of Bacillus axarquiensis TUBP1 with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene marker on the microbial community structure of cotton rhizosphere soil and cotton yield and quality. Cotton Verticillium wilt incidence, soil biochemical properties, and soil bacterial and fungal communities were analyzed. Results showed that bacterial and fungal abundance in cotton rhizosphere soil was temporarily changed after applying B. axarquiensis TUBP-315GFP. However, Bacillus significantly increased, whereas V. dahliae significantly decreased. The incidence of cotton Verticillium wilt after treatment with B. axarquiensis TUBP-315GFP was significantly lower and cotton production increased by 40.6%. Our findings indicated that the application of B. axarquiensis TUBP-315GFP can change microbial community structure of cotton rhizosphere soil, leading to a reduction in the incidence of cotton Verticillium wilt and increasing cotton yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gao
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Cai Ma
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Liang Y, Wei G, Ning K, Li M, Zhang G, Luo L, Zhao G, Wei J, Liu Y, Dong L, Chen S. Increase in carbohydrate content and variation in microbiome are related to the drought tolerance of Codonopsis pilosula. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 165:19-35. [PMID: 34034158 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the main limiting factors in geographical distribution and production of Codonopsis pilosula. Understanding the biochemical and genetic information of the response of C. pilosula to drought stress is urgently needed for breeding tolerant varieties. Here, carbohydrates, namely trehalose, raffinose, maltotetraose, sucrose, and melezitose, significantly accumulated in C. pilosula roots under drought stress and thus served as biomarkers for drought stress response. Compared with those in the control group, the expression levels of key genes such as adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch branching enzyme, granule-bound starch synthase, soluble starch synthase, galacturonate transferase, cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit, cellulase Korrigan in the carbohydrate biosynthesis pathway were markedly up-regulated in C. pilosula roots in the drought treatment group, some of them even exceeded 70%. Notably, and that of key genes including trehalose-6-phosphatase, trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase, galactinol synthase, and raffinose synthase in the trehalose and raffinose biosynthesis pathways was improved by 12.6%-462.2% in C. pilosula roots treated by drought stress. The accumulation of carbohydrates in C. pilosula root or rhizosphere soil was correlated with microbiome variations. Analysis of exogenous trehalose and raffinose confirmed that increased carbohydrate content improved the drought tolerance of C. pilosula in a dose-dependent manner. This study provided solid foundation for breeding drought-tolerant C. pilosula varieties and developing drought-resistant microbial fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Guangfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Kang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Mengzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Guozhuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Lu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, 570311, China.
| | - Youping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Linlin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Cao P, Wang G, Wei XM, Chen SL, Han JP. How to improve CHMs quality: Enlighten from CHMs ecological cultivation. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:301-312. [PMID: 36118933 PMCID: PMC9476809 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are one of the important bioresources of medicine, which works by unlocking nature's ability to prevent diseases and recover from illnesses. Recently, it has ascended to the world stage and become a global icon. Nowadays, a considerable of researches have focused on the quality evaluation of CHMs. However, it is difficult to meet the reasonable needs of human beings for safe drug use to evaluate the quality of a huge number of inferior goods for the CHMs contaminated by pesticides and heavy metals. Hence to explore an eligible medicinal plant cultivation pattern, which can provide high quality CHMs sustainably, is most promising. This review analyzed the situation and characteristics of medicinal plant resources in different periods, including wild-harvested and cultivated resources during different stages, putting forward that ecological cultivation must be the way to develop medicinal plant cultivation and to obtain high quality CHMs.
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Wei X, Cao P, Wang G, Liu Y, Song J, Han J. CuO, ZnO, and γ-Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles modified the underground biomass and rhizosphere microbial community of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Bge.) after 165-day exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112232. [PMID: 33864980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate whether metal oxide nanoparticles exhibit toxicity or positive effects on medicinal plants, CuO, ZnO, and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs), at concentrations of 100 and 700 mg kg-1, were introduced into the cultivation of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Bge.). Metal elemental contents, chemical constituents, biomass and the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community was used to estimate this effect. The results indicated CuO NPs increased the Cu content and ZnO NPs increased the Zn content significantly as exposure increased, γ-Fe2O3 NPs had no significant effect on Fe content in S. miltiorrhiza roots, while 100 mg kg-1 ZnO and CuO NPs significantly decreased the Fe content in roots. Additionally, ZnO and γ-Fe2O3 NPs increased the underground biomass, and diameter of S. miltiorrhiza roots. However, these three metal oxide nanoparticles had no significant effect on total tanshinones, while the 700 mg kg-1 γ-Fe2O3 NPs treatment increased salvianolic acid B content by 36.46%. High-throughput sequencing indicated at 700 mg kg-1 ZnO NPs, the relative abundance of Humicola (Zn superoxide dismutase producer), was notably increased by 97.46%, and that of Arenimonas, Thiobacillus and Methylobacillus (taxa related to heavy metal tolerance) was significantly increased by 297.14%, 220.26% and 107.00%. The 700 mg kg-1 CuO NPs exposure caused a significant increase in the relative abundances of Sphingomonas (a copper-resistant and N2-fixing genus) and Flavisolibacter (stripe rust biocontrol bacteria) by 127.32% and 118.33%. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to examine the potential impact of NPs on the growth and rhizosphere microorganisms of S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pei Cao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianping Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
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Wei G, Chen Z, Wang B, Wei F, Zhang G, Wang Y, Zhu G, Zhou Y, Zhao Q, He M, Dong L, Chen S. Endophytes isolated from Panax notoginseng converted ginsenosides. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1730-1746. [PMID: 34081833 PMCID: PMC8313278 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes may participate in the conversion of metabolites within medicinal plants, influencing the efficacy of host. However, the distribution of endophytes within medicinal plants P. notoginseng and how it contributes to the conversion of saponins are not well understood. Here, we determined the distribution of saponins and endophytes within P. notoginseng compartments and further confirm the saponin conversion by endophytes. We found metabolites showed compartment specificity within P. notoginseng. Potential saponin biomarkers, such as Rb1, Rg1, Re, Rc and Rd, were obtained. Endophytic diversity, composition and co-occurrence networks also showed compartment specificity, and bacterial alpha diversity values were highest in root compartment, consistently decreased in the stem and leaf compartments, whereas those of fungi showed the opposite trend. Potential bacterial biomarkers, such as Rhizobium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pantoea and fungal biomarkers Phoma, Epicoccum, Xylariales, were also obtained. Endophytes related to saponin contents were found by Spearman correlation analysis, and further verification experiments showed that Enterobacter chengduensis could convert ginsenoside Rg1 to F1 at a rate of 13.24%; Trichoderma koningii could convert ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd at a rate of 40.00% and to Rg3 at a rate of 32.31%; Penicillium chermesinum could convert ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd at a rate of 74.24%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesNo.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei AveBeijing100700China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Institute of Sanqi ResearchWenshan UniversityWenshan663000China
| | - Bo Wang
- Hubei Institute for Drug ControlWuhan430012China
| | - Fugang Wei
- Wenshan Miaoxiang Notoginseng Technology, Co., Ltd.Wenshan663000China
| | - Guozhuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesNo.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei AveBeijing100700China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Sanqi ResearchWenshan UniversityWenshan663000China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesNo.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei AveBeijing100700China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesNo.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei AveBeijing100700China
- Hubei Institute for Drug ControlWuhan430012China
| | - Qinghe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesNo.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei AveBeijing100700China
| | - Mingjun He
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal PlantChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeWanning571533China
| | - Linlin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesNo.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei AveBeijing100700China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesNo.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei AveBeijing100700China
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Ji L, Nasir F, Tian L, Chang J, Sun Y, Zhang J, Li X, Tian C. Outbreaks of Root Rot Disease in Different Aged American Ginseng Plants Are Associated With Field Microbial Dynamics. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:676880. [PMID: 34248889 PMCID: PMC8267804 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.676880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is a perennial plant that is cultivated for medicinal purposes. Unfortunately, outbreaks of root rot disease in American ginseng (AG) reduce yields and result in serious economic losses. Information on the dynamics of soil microbial communities associated with healthy and diseased AG of different ages is limited. The present study explored the differences in field soil microbial community structure, composition, interaction, and their predictive functions associated with healthy and diseased AG at different growth ages. Changes in soil physicochemical properties were also examined to determine the possible reasons for disease outbreaks. Results revealed that in different growth years, the genera of soil-borne pathogens, such as Alternaria, Botrytis, Cladosporium, Sarocladium, and Fusarium, were increased in diseased AG soil samples in comparison with those in the healthy AG soil samples. In contrast, the abundance of some key and potentially beneficial microbes, such as Bacillus, Chaetomium, Dyella, Kaistobacter, Paenibacillus, Penicillium, and Trichoderma, was decreased. Additionally, as AG plants age, the relative abundance of symbiotic fungi tended to decrease, while the relative abundance of potential plant pathogenic fungi gradually increased. Various soil properties, such as available phosphorus, the ratio of total nitrogen to total phosphorus (N/P), and pH, were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with microbial community composition. Our findings provide a scientific basis for understanding the relationship among the root rot disease outbreaks in American ginseng as well as their corresponding soil microbial communities and soil physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fahad Nasir
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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Zhu L, Yan H, Zhou GS, Jiang CH, Liu P, Yu G, Guo S, Wu QN, Duan JA. Insights into the mechanism of the effects of rhizosphere microorganisms on the quality of authentic Angelica sinensis under different soil microenvironments. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:285. [PMID: 34157988 PMCID: PMC8220839 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (A. sinensis) is a Chinese herb grown in different geographical locations. It contains numerous active components with therapeutic value. Rhizosphere microbiomes affect various aspects of plant performance, such as nutrient acquisition, growth and development and plant diseases resistance. So far, few studies have investigated how the microbiome effects level of active components of A. sinensis. This study investigated whether changes in rhizosphere microbial communities and metabolites of A. sinensis vary with the soil microenvironment. Soils from the two main A. sinensis-producing areas, Gansu and Yunnan Province, were used to conduct pot experiments. The soil samples were divided into two parts, one part was sterilized and the other was unsterilized planting with the seedling variety of Gansu danggui 90-01. All seedlings were allowed to grow for 180 days. At the end of the experiment, radix A. sinensis were collected and used to characterize growth targets and chemical compositions. Rhizosphere soils were subjected to microbial analyses. RESULTS Changes in metabolic profiles and rhizosphere microbial communities of A. sinensis grown under different soil microenvironments were similar. The GN (Gansu non-sterilized), YN (Yunnan non-sterilized), GS (Gansu sterilized), and YS (Yunnan sterilized) groups were significantly separated. Notably, antagonistic bacteria such as Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Lysobacter, Pseudoxanthomonas, etc. were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in Gansu soil compared with Yunnan soil. Moreover, senkyunolide I and ligustilide dimers which were enriched in GS group were strongly positively correlated with Pseudomonas parafulva; organic acids (including chlorogenic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acid and 5-feruloylquinic acid) and their ester coniferyl ferulate which were enriched in YS Group were positively associated with Gemmatimonadetes bacterium WY71 and Mucilaginibater sp., respectively. CONCLUSIONS The soil microenvironment influences growth and level/type of active components in A. sinensis. Further studies should explore the functional features of quality-related bacteria, identify the key response genes and clarify the interactions between genes and soil environments. This will reveal the mechanisms that determine the quality formation of genuine A. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Yan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Gui-Sheng Zhou
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Liu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Nan Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Characterization of inter-annual changes in soil microbial flora of Panax ginseng cultivation fields in Shimane Prefecture of Western Japan by DNA metabarcoding using next-generation sequencing. J Nat Med 2021; 75:1067-1079. [PMID: 34024012 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (Araliaceae) cultivation suffers from the inability to cultivate the same fields continuously for long durations due to replant failure. The main cause of replant failure is considered to be the annual change in the soil microbial flora, especially the invasion and settlement of pathogenic microorganisms of soil-borne diseases. We analyzed the soil bacterial and fungal flora and inter-annual changes in their composition over 5 years in ginseng cultivation fields on Daikonshima Island, Shimane Prefecture of Western Japan by DNA metabarcoding using next-generation sequencing. Bacteria such as Sphingomonas sp., Bacillus sp., and Betaproteobacteria and the fungus Mortierella sp. were consistently detected throughout the cultivation period. The inter-annual compositional changes of the bacterial flora, especially two members of the family Burkholderiaceae, one member of the phylum Actinobacteria, one member of the genus Candidatus Koribacter, and one member of the genus Sphingomonas, corresponded to the cultivation period, whereas those of the fungal flora showed random changes, suggesting that the growth of ginseng may be greatly affected by changes in the bacterial flora. Therefore, a greater understanding of the bacterial flora could provide valuable information for the cultivation of ginseng. The absence of pathogenic microorganisms associated with soil-borne diseases, which have been reported as causative agents of the main diseases of ginseng, in all soil sampling sites throughout the entire cultivation period in this study proves, for the first time, that traditional cultivation management employing empirical methods and chemical control is an effective approach to control these pathogens. Therefore, the DNA metabarcoding of the bacterial flora could provide valuable information for cultivation management, specifically in detecting and controlling soil-borne pathogens responsible for ongoing cultivation damage in long-term cultivation of medicinal plants.
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Shang JY, Wu Y, Huo B, Chen L, Wang ET, Sui Y, Chen WF, Tian CF, Chen WX, Sui XH. Potential of Bradyrhizobia inoculation to promote peanut growth and beneficial Rhizobacteria abundance. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2500-2515. [PMID: 33966321 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of three symbiotic Bradyrhizobium strains on peanut growth and on rhizobacterial communities in flowering and harvest stages in an organic farm, also to evaluate the role of plant development in influencing peanut rhizobacterial microbiota and correlations among the inoculants, rhizobacterial communities and plant growth. METHODS AND RESULTS Peanut seeds were inoculated with three individual Bradyrhizobium strains, plant growth performance was measured in two developmental stages and rhizobacterial communities were analysed by Illumina sequencing of rpoB gene amplicons from peanut rhizosphere. The three bradyrhizobial inoculants significantly increased the nodule numbers and aboveground fresh weight of peanut plants regardless of the different growth stages, and the pod yields were increased to some extent and significantly positively correlated with Bradyrhizobium abundances in rhizosphere. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the rhizobacterial communities were strongly influenced by the inoculation and peanut developmental stages. The bradyrhizobia inoculation increased relative abundances of potentially beneficial bacteria in peanut rhizosphere, and also altered rhizobacterial co-occurrence association networks and important network hub taxa. Similarly, plant development also significantly influenced the structure, composition and co-occurrence association networks of rhizobacterial communities. CONCLUSIONS Bradyrhizobial inoculants increased peanut growth and yields, they and plant development affected the assembly of peanut rhizobacterial communities. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Rhizobial inoculants improved the host plant performance that might also be associated with the dynamic changes in rhizobacterial community except enhancing the biological nitrogen fixation and helps to profoundly understand the mechanism how rhizobia inoculants improve plant growth and yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Shang
- State Key Lab for Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Wu
- State Key Lab for Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - B Huo
- State Key Lab for Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - L Chen
- State Key Lab for Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - E T Wang
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D. F., México
| | - Y Sui
- State Key Lab for Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - W F Chen
- State Key Lab for Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - C F Tian
- State Key Lab for Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - W X Chen
- State Key Lab for Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - X H Sui
- State Key Lab for Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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Tong AZ, Liu W, Liu Q, Xia GQ, Zhu JY. Diversity and composition of the Panax ginseng rhizosphere microbiome in various cultivation modesand ages. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:18. [PMID: 33419388 PMCID: PMC7792351 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Continuous cropping of ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) cultivated in farmland for an extended period gives rise to soil-borne disease. The change in soil microbial composition is a major cause of soil-borne diseases and an obstacle to continuous cropping. The impact of cultivation modes and ages on the diversity and composition of the P. ginseng rhizosphere microbial community and technology suitable for cropping P. ginseng in farmland are still being explored. Methods Amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS regions were analyzed for microbial community composition and diversity. Results The obtained sequencing data were reasonable for estimating soil microbial diversity. We observed significant variations in richness, diversity, and relative abundances of microbial taxa between farmland, deforestation field, and different cultivation years. The bacterial communities of LCK (forest soil where P. ginseng was not grown) had a much higher richness and diversity than those in NCK (farmland soil where P. ginseng was not grown). The increase in cultivation years of P. ginseng in farmland and deforestation field significantly changed the diversity of soil microbial communities. In addition, the accumulation of P. ginseng soil-borne pathogens (Monographella cucumerina, Ilyonectria mors-panacis, I. robusta, Fusarium solani, and Nectria ramulariae) varied with the cropping age of P. ginseng. Conclusion Soil microbial diversity and function were significantly poorer in farmland than in the deforestation field and were affected by P. ginseng planting years. The abundance of common soil-borne pathogens of P. ginseng increased with the cultivation age and led to an imbalance in the microbial community. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-020-02081-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Zi Tong
- School of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, No.950 Yu Cai Road, Dongchang District, Tonghua, 134002, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, No.950 Yu Cai Road, Dongchang District, Tonghua, 134002, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Chinese Institute of Jilin Ginseng, Tonghua, 134002, China
| | - Guang-Qing Xia
- School of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, No.950 Yu Cai Road, Dongchang District, Tonghua, 134002, China
| | - Jun-Yi Zhu
- School of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, No.950 Yu Cai Road, Dongchang District, Tonghua, 134002, China
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Bao Y, Qi B, Huang W, Liu B, Li Y. The fungal community in non-rhizosphere soil of Panax ginseng are driven by different cultivation modes and increased cultivation periods. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9930. [PMID: 33088612 PMCID: PMC7568858 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous cropping obstacles severely hindered the sustained development of the ginseng industry. Among the obstacles, an imbalance of soil microbiome community was considered one of the major culprits. The fungal community is an essential part of the soil microbiome community. Extensive characterization of the fungal community composition and variation during ginseng cultivation will help us understand the mechanism underlying continuous cropping obstacles. By using a high-throughput amplicon sequencing method, the non-rhizospheric fungal community of farmland cultivated ginseng of 2 years old (C2) and 5 years old (C5), understory wild ginseng of 15 years old (W15) and 35 years old (W35), fallow fields which have been abandoned for 10 (F10) years were characterized. Farmland cultivated ginseng and understory wild ginseng harbored distinct non-rhizospheric fungal communities, and extension of cultivation periods enlarged the fungal community difference between two cultivation modes. Extended cultivation periods significantly decreased the OTU richness and PD whole tree indices, and OTU number and cultivation periods were negatively correlated. Extension of cultivation periods led to an increased abundance of pathotrophs. Still, the increased abundance of pathotrophs may not be the leading cause of severe continuous cropping obstacles in farmland cultivated ginseng. Compared with understory wild ginseng, farmland cultivated ginseng had a lower abundance of symbiotrophs and a higher abundance of saprotrophs. This changed symbiotrophs/saprotrophs ratio may have some correlation with the severe continuous cropping obstacles that occurred in farmland cultivated ginseng. Fallowing on the fungal community of the non-rhizosphere soil was generally opposite of that of extension of ginseng cultivation periods. The impacts of farmland cultivation on the fungal community of the non-rhizosphere soil can last for decades, even if the following is practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Statistics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Zhang B, Weston LA, Li M, Zhu X, Weston PA, Feng F, Zhang B, Zhang L, Gu L, Zhang Z. Rehmannia glutinosa Replant Issues: Root Exudate-Rhizobiome Interactions Clearly Influence Replant Success. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1413. [PMID: 32714307 PMCID: PMC7344158 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of medicinal tubers of Rehmannia glutinosa is severely hindered by replanting issues. However, a mechanistic understanding of the plant-soil factors associated with replant problems is currently limited. Thus, we aimed to identify the R. glutinosa root exudates, evaluate their potential phytotoxicity and profile the interactions between the plant and its associated rhizobiome. Stereomicroscopy and liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometer were used to monitor and identify secreted metabolites, respectively. Seedling bioassays were used to evaluate the phytotoxicity of R. glutinosa root exudates. Two complimentary experiments were performed to investigate allelochemical fate in rhizosphere soil and profile the associated microbiota. Root specific microbes were further isolated from R. glutinosa rhizosphere. Impacts of isolated strains were evaluated by co-cultivation on plate and on seedlings in tissue culture, with a focus on their pathogenicity. Interactions between key R. glutinosa root exudates and isolated rhizobiomes were investigated to understand the potential for plant-soil feedbacks. Quantification and phytotoxic analysis of metabolites released from R. glutinosa indicated catalpol was the most abundant and bioactive metabolite in root exudates. Subsequent microbial profiling in soil containing accumulated and ecologically significant levels of catalpol identified several taxa (e.g., Agromyces, Lysobacter, Pseudomonas, Fusarium) that were specifically shifted. Isolation of R. glutinosa rhizobiomes obtained several root specific strains. A significant antagonistic effect between strain Rh7 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two pathogenic strains Rf1 (Fusarium oxysporum) and Rf2 (Fusarium solani) was observed. Notably, the growth of strain Rh7 and catalpol concentration showed a hormesis-like effect. Field investigation further indicated catalpol was increasingly accumulated in the rhizosphere of replanted R. glutinosa, suggesting that interactions of biocontrol agents and pathogens are likely regulated by the presence of bioactive root exudates and in turn impact the rhizo-ecological process. In summary, this research successfully monitored the release of R. glutinosa root exudates, identified several abundant bioactive R. glutinosa secreted metabolites, profiled associated root specific microbes, and investigated the plant-soil feedbacks potentially regulated by catalpol and associated rhizobiomes. Our findings provide new perspectives toward an enhanced understanding R. glutinosa replant problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Leslie A Weston
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Mingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Weston
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Fajie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Liuji Zhang
- Henan Province Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Gu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Li Q, Wu Y, Wang J, Yang B, Chen J, Wu H, Zhang Z, Lu C, Lin W, Wu L. Linking Short-Chain N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone-Mediated Quorum Sensing and Replant Disease: A Case Study of Rehmannia glutinosa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:787. [PMID: 32625222 PMCID: PMC7311668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa, a perennial medicinal plant, suffers from severe replant disease under consecutive monoculture. The rhizosphere microbiome is vital for soil suppressiveness to diseases and for plant health. Moreover, N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated quorum sensing (QS) regulates diverse behavior in rhizosphere-inhabiting and plant pathogenic bacteria. The dynamics of short-chain AHL-mediated QS bacteria driven by consecutive monoculture and its relationships with R. glutinosa replant disease were explored in this study. The screening of QS bacteria showed that 65 out of 200 strains (32.5%) randomly selected from newly planted soil of R. glutinosa were detected as QS bacteria, mainly consisting of Pseudomonas spp. (55.4%). By contrast, 34 out of 200 (17%) strains from the diseased replant soil were detected as QS bacteria, mainly consisting of Enterobacteriaceae (73.5%). Functional analysis showed most of the QS bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonas genus showed strong antagonistic activities against Fusarium oxysporum or Aspergillus flavus, two main causal agents of R. glutinosa root rot disease. However, the QS strains dominant in the replant soil caused severe wilt disease in the tissue culture seedlings of R. glutinosa. Microbial growth assays demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the growth of beneficial QS bacteria (i.e., Pseudomonas brassicacearum) by a phenolic acid mixture identified in the root exudates of R. glutinosa, but the opposite was true for harmful QS bacteria (i.e., Enterobacter spp.). Furthermore, it was found that the population of quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria that could disrupt the beneficial P. brassicacearum SZ50 QS system was significantly higher in the replant soil than in the newly planted soil. Most of these QQ bacteria in the replant soil were detected as Acinetobacter spp. The growth of specific QQ bacteria could be promoted by a phenolic acid mixture at a ratio similar to that found in the R. glutinosa rhizosphere. Moreover, these quorum-quenching bacteria showed strong pathogenicity toward the tissue culture seedlings of R. glutinosa. In conclusion, consecutive monoculture of R. glutinosa contributed to the imbalance between beneficial and harmful short-chain AHL-mediated QS bacteria in the rhizosphere, which was mediated not only by specific root exudates but also by the QQ bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juanying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongmiao Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cuihong Lu
- Wenxian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linkun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Zhang J, Wei L, Yang J, Ahmed W, Wang Y, Fu L, Ji G. Probiotic Consortia: Reshaping the Rhizospheric Microbiome and Its Role in Suppressing Root-Rot Disease of Panax notoginseng. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:701. [PMID: 32425904 PMCID: PMC7203884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a growing problem in agriculture for commercial cultivation of Panax notoginseng. Diverse microbes colonize plant roots, and numerous earlier studies have characterized the rhizospheric microbiome of P. notoginseng; nevertheless, the function of probiotic consortia on the rhizospheric microbiome against the root-rot disease remain elusive. We have compared and described the rhizospheric microbiome of lightly and severely diseased P. notoginseng as well as the interactions of the probiotic consortia and rhizospheric microbiome, and their function to alleviate the plant diseases were explored by inoculating probiotic consortia in bulk soil. From the perspective of microbial diversity, the rhizospheric dominant bacterial and fungal genera were utterly different between lightly and severely diseased plants. Through inoculating assembled probiotic consortia to diseased plant roots, we found that the application of probiotic consortia reshaped the rhizosphere microbiome, increasing the relative abundance of bacteria and fungi, while the relative abundance of potential pathogens was decreased significantly. We developed a microcosm system that provides a preliminary ecological framework for constructing an active probiotic community to reshape soil microbiota and restrain the disease. Microbial community structure differs between lightly and seriously diseased plants. The application of probiotic consortia changes the imbalance of micro-ecology to a state of relative health, reducing plant mortality. Plant disease suppression may be achieved by seeking and applying antagonistic microbes based on their direct inhibitory capability or by restructuring the soil microbiome structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lanfang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lina Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of Fengdu County, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghai Ji
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Wang W, Wang Z, Yang K, Wang P, Wang H, Guo L, Zhu S, Zhu Y, He X. Biochar Application Alleviated Negative Plant-Soil Feedback by Modifying Soil Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:799. [PMID: 32411119 PMCID: PMC7201025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative plant-soil feedback (NPSF) frequently cause replant failure in agricultural ecosystems, which has been restricting the sustainable development of agriculture. Biochar application has appealing effects on soil improvement and potential capacity to affect NPSF, but the process is poorly understood. Here, our study demonstrated that biochar amendment can effectively alleviate the NPSF and this biochar effect is strongly linked to soil microorganism in a sanqi (Panax notoginseng) production system. High-throughput sequencing showed that the bacterial and fungal communities were altered with biochar amendment, and bacterial community is more sensitive to biochar amendment than the fungal community. Biochar amendment significantly increased the soil bacterial diversity, but the fungal diversity was not significantly different between biochar-amended and non-amended soils. Moreover, we found that biochar amendment significantly increased the soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, and C/N ratio. The correlation analysis showed that these increased soil chemical variables have a significantly positive correlation with the bacterial diversity. Further analysis of the soil microbial composition demonstrated that biochar soil amendment enriched the beneficial bacterium Bacillus and Lysobacter but suppressed pathogens Fusarium and Ilyonectria. In addition, we verified that biochar had no direct effect on the pathogen Fusarium solani, but can directly enrich biocontrol bacterium Bacillus subtilis. In short, biochar application can mitigate NPSF is mostly due to the fact that biochar soil amendment modified the soil microbiome, especially inhibited pathogens by enriching beneficial bacterium with antagonistic activity against pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Youyong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiahong He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,School of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Xing Y, Yang Y, Xu L, Hao N, Zhao R, Wang J, Li S, Zhang D, Zhang T, Kang T. The Diversity of Associated Microorganisms in Different Organs and Rhizospheric Soil of Arctium lappa L. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:746-754. [PMID: 31915985 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Arctium lappa L. is widely used for medicinal purposes across China, and significant effort has been directed toward enhancing its quality. Association with microorganisms has been shown to influence both plant growth and metabolites, providing a possible avenue for its quality improvement. In this study, we investigated the microorganism compositions of the root, stem, leaf, fruit and rhizospheric soil of A. lappa through high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and ITS regions. A total of 796,891 16S rRNA and 626,270 ITS reads were obtained from the samples. Analysis of the sequencing data revealed that bacterial and fungal communities were more diverse in the rhizospheric soil sample compared with other samples. Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes phyla were found in all samples. Cyanobacteria was particularly enriched in the root, stem, leaf and fruit at 88.59%, 86.15%, 98.31% and 93.57%, respectively; Actinobacteria was the highest in rhizospheric soil, at 37.53%. Ascomycota was the most dominant fungal phylum, representing 69.17%, 58.18%, 87.93%, 90.18% and 80.21% in the root, stem, leaf, fruit, and rhizospheric soil, respectively. Several novel unclassifiable bacterial and fungal species were also detected. In total, we detected about 922 bacterial and 334 fungal species, which include a number of unclassifiable species. Additionally, the root, stem, leaf, fruit and rhizospheric soil of A. lappa were sources for screening new bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yanyun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China. .,Liaoning Quality Monitoring and Technology Service Center for Chinese Materia Medica Raw Materials, Dalian, China.
| | - Ning Hao
- Horticultural College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Tingguo Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China. .,Liaoning Quality Monitoring and Technology Service Center for Chinese Materia Medica Raw Materials, Dalian, China.
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47
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Wang Q, Sun H, Li M, Xu C, Zhang Y. Different Age-Induced Changes in Rhizosphere Microbial Composition and Function of Panax ginseng in Transplantation Mode. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:563240. [PMID: 33281838 PMCID: PMC7688891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.563240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation is a cultivation mode widely applied in perennial plant growing. This method might be an effective way to alleviate problems associated with continuous cultivation (4-6 years) in ginseng production, but the alleviating mechanism and effects on soil microbial community is unclear. To study this issue, non-transplanted 2-year-old, and 5-year-old (transplantation mode: 2 + 3) and 9-year-old (transplantation mode: 3 + 3 + 3) ginseng rhizosphere soils were analyzed via MiSeq sequencing. The results showed that 9-year-old ginseng rhizosphere soil had lower available nitrogen and the lowest pH, available phosphorus, observed species and community diversity and richness (Chao1, and ACE) among all samples (p < 0.05). The abundances of some bacterial classes (Thermoleophilia, Bacilli, and Nitrospira) and fungal genera (Mortierella, Epicoccum, and Penicillium spp.) and functional richness associated with nutrient element cycles and antifungal activity decreased, while abundances of some fungal genera (Ilyonectria, Tetracladium, and Leptodontidium spp.) increased with increasing age of ginseng plants (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). However, there was greater similarity between soil samples of 2-year-old and transplanted 5-year-old ginseng plants and the increase in cultivation time from 2 to 5 years did not significantly influence the microbial community, suggesting that transplantation is a viable strategy for suppressing soil-borne diseases in Panax ginseng plants over long growth periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuxia Wang,
| | - Hai Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Meijia Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Chenglu Xu
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Yayu Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Yayu Zhang,
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48
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Zhang J, Wei L, Yang J, Ahmed W, Wang Y, Fu L, Ji G. Probiotic Consortia: Reshaping the Rhizospheric Microbiome and Its Role in Suppressing Root-Rot Disease of Panax notoginseng. Front Microbiol 2020. [PMID: 32425904 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Root-rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a growing problem in agriculture for commercial cultivation of Panax notoginseng. Diverse microbes colonize plant roots, and numerous earlier studies have characterized the rhizospheric microbiome of P. notoginseng; nevertheless, the function of probiotic consortia on the rhizospheric microbiome against the root-rot disease remain elusive. We have compared and described the rhizospheric microbiome of lightly and severely diseased P. notoginseng as well as the interactions of the probiotic consortia and rhizospheric microbiome, and their function to alleviate the plant diseases were explored by inoculating probiotic consortia in bulk soil. From the perspective of microbial diversity, the rhizospheric dominant bacterial and fungal genera were utterly different between lightly and severely diseased plants. Through inoculating assembled probiotic consortia to diseased plant roots, we found that the application of probiotic consortia reshaped the rhizosphere microbiome, increasing the relative abundance of bacteria and fungi, while the relative abundance of potential pathogens was decreased significantly. We developed a microcosm system that provides a preliminary ecological framework for constructing an active probiotic community to reshape soil microbiota and restrain the disease. Microbial community structure differs between lightly and seriously diseased plants. The application of probiotic consortia changes the imbalance of micro-ecology to a state of relative health, reducing plant mortality. Plant disease suppression may be achieved by seeking and applying antagonistic microbes based on their direct inhibitory capability or by restructuring the soil microbiome structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lanfang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lina Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of Fengdu County, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghai Ji
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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49
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Peeters C, De Canck E, Cnockaert M, De Brandt E, Snauwaert C, Verheyde B, Depoorter E, Spilker T, LiPuma JJ, Vandamme P. Comparative Genomics of Pandoraea, a Genus Enriched in Xenobiotic Biodegradation and Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2556. [PMID: 31781066 PMCID: PMC6851202 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative analysis of partial gyrB, recA, and gltB gene sequences of 84 Pandoraea reference strains and field isolates revealed several clusters that included no taxonomic reference strains. The gyrB, recA, and gltB phylogenetic trees were used to select 27 strains for whole-genome sequence analysis and for a comparative genomics study that also included 41 publicly available Pandoraea genome sequences. The phylogenomic analyses included a Genome BLAST Distance Phylogeny approach to calculate pairwise digital DNA–DNA hybridization values and their confidence intervals, average nucleotide identity analyses using the OrthoANIu algorithm, and a whole-genome phylogeny reconstruction based on 107 single-copy core genes using bcgTree. These analyses, along with subsequent chemotaxonomic and traditional phenotypic analyses, revealed the presence of 17 novel Pandoraea species among the strains analyzed, and allowed the identification of several unclassified Pandoraea strains reported in the literature. The genus Pandoraea has an open pan genome that includes many orthogroups in the ‘Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism’ KEGG pathway, which likely explains the enrichment of these species in polluted soils and participation in the biodegradation of complex organic substances. We propose to formally classify the 17 novel Pandoraea species as P. anapnoica sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31117T = CCUG 73385T), P. anhela sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31108T = CCUG 73386T), P. aquatica sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31011T = CCUG 73384T), P. bronchicola sp. nov. (type strain LMG 20603T = ATCC BAA-110T), P. capi sp. nov. (type strain LMG 20602T = ATCC BAA-109T), P. captiosa sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31118T = CCUG 73387T), P. cepalis sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31106T = CCUG 39680T), P. commovens sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31010T = CCUG 73378T), P. communis sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31110T = CCUG 73383T), P. eparura sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31012T = CCUG 73380T), P. horticolens sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31112T = CCUG 73379T), P. iniqua sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31009T = CCUG 73377T), P. morbifera sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31116T = CCUG 73389T), P. nosoerga sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31109T = CCUG 73390T), P. pneumonica sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31114T = CCUG 73388T), P. soli sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31014T = CCUG 73382T), and P. terrigena sp. nov. (type strain LMG 31013T = CCUG 73381T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Peeters
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien De Canck
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margo Cnockaert
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evie De Brandt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cindy Snauwaert
- BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Verheyde
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eliza Depoorter
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Theodore Spilker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John J LiPuma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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50
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Luo L, Guo C, Wang L, Zhang J, Deng L, Luo K, Huang H, Liu Y, Mei X, Zhu S, Yang M. Negative Plant-Soil Feedback Driven by Re-assemblage of the Rhizosphere Microbiome With the Growth of Panax notoginseng. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1597. [PMID: 31404300 PMCID: PMC6676394 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a concerted understanding of the accumulation of soil pathogens as the major driving factor of negative plant-soil feedback (NPSF). However, our knowledge of the connection between plant growth, pathogen build-up and soil microbiome assemblage is limited. In this study, significant negative feedback between the soil and sanqi (Panax notoginseng) was found, which were caused by the build-up of the soil-borne pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, and Monographella cucumerina. Soil microbiome analysis revealed that the rhizospheric fungal and bacterial communities were changed with the growth of sanqi. Deep analysis of the phylum and genus levels corroborated that rhizospheric fungal Ascomycota, including the soil-borne pathogens F. oxysporum, F. solani, and especially M. cucumerina, were significantly enriched with the growth of sanqi. However, the bacteria Firmicutes and Acidobacteria, including the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Acinetobacter and Burkholderia, were significantly suppressed with the growth of sanqi. Using microbial isolation and in vitro dual culture tests, we found that most isolates derived from the suppressed bacterial genera showed strong antagonistic ability against the growth of sanqi soil-borne pathogens. Interestingly, inoculation of these suppressed isolates in consecutively cultivated soil could significantly alleviate NPSF. In summary, sanqi growth can suppress antagonistic bacteria through re-assemblage of the rhizosphere microbiome and cause the accumulation of soil-borne pathogens, eventually building negative feedback loops between the soil and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Luo
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Cunwu Guo
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Luotao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Junxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Linmei Deng
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kaifeng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Huichuan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinyue Mei
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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