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Phaenark C, Seechanhoi P, Sawangproh W. Metal toxicity in Bryum coronatum Schwaegrichen: impact on chlorophyll content, lamina cell structure, and metal accumulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1336-1347. [PMID: 38379318 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2317878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This research examined the impact of heavy metals, including Cd, Pb, and Zn, on chlorophyll content and lamina cell structure in Bryum coronatum. After exposure to varying metal concentrations (0.015, 0.065, 0.250, 1, and 4 mg/L), chlorophyll content, chloroplast numbers, lamina cell change, and metal accumulation were investigated. Chlorophyll content was assessed using spectrophotometry, whereas chloroplast numbers and lamina cell changes were examined under a light microscope. Metal accumulation was quantified through ICP-MS. The findings revealed that Cd notably reduced chlorophyll a content, while Pb and Zn showed minimal influence. Cd and Pb exposure decreased the number of chloroplasts in lamina cells, with no impact from Zn. The moss's capacity to absorb metals increased with higher exposure levels, indicating its potential as a biomonitor for heavy metal pollution. Cell mortality occurred in response to Cd and Pb, primarily in the median and apical lamina regions, while Zn had no effect. This study sheds light on heavy metal toxicity in B. coronatum, underscoring its significance for environmental monitoring. Further research on the mechanisms and consequences of heavy metal toxicity in bryophytes is essential for a comprehensive understanding of this critical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetsada Phaenark
- Conservation Biology Program, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
| | - Paramet Seechanhoi
- Conservation Biology Program, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
| | - Weerachon Sawangproh
- Conservation Biology Program, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
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Smythers AL, Crislip JR, Slone DR, Flinn BB, Chaffins JE, Camp KA, McFeeley EW, Kolling DRJ. Excess manganese increases photosynthetic activity via enhanced reducing center and antenna plasticity in Chlorella vulgaris. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11301. [PMID: 37438371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis relies on many easily oxidizable/reducible transition metals found in the metalloenzymes that make up much of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (ETC). One of these is manganese, an essential cofactor of photosystem II (PSII) and a component of the oxygen-evolving complex, the only biological entity capable of oxidizing water. Additionally, manganese is a cofactor in enzymatic antioxidants, notably the superoxide dismutases-which are localized to the chloroplastic membrane. However, unlike other metals found in the photosynthetic ETC, previous research has shown exposure to excess manganese enhances photosynthetic activity rather than diminishing it. In this study, the impact of PSII heterogeneity on overall performance was investigated using chlorophyll fluorescence, a rapid, non-invasive technique that probed for overall photosynthetic efficiency, reducing site activity, and antenna size and distribution. These measurements unveiled an enhanced plasticity of PSII following excess manganese exposure, in which overall performance and reducing center activity increased while antenna size and proportion of PSIIβ centers decreased. This enhanced activity suggests manganese may hold the key to improving photosynthetic efficiency beyond that which is observed in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Smythers
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Danielle R Slone
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Brendin B Flinn
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | | | - Kristen A Camp
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Eli W McFeeley
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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Mortada WI, El-Naggar A, Mosa A, Palansooriya KN, Yousaf B, Tang R, Wang S, Cai Y, Chang SX. Biogeochemical behaviour and toxicology of chromium in the soil-water-human nexus: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138804. [PMID: 37137390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) affects human health if it accumulates in organs to elevated concentrations. The toxicity risk of Cr in the ecosphere depends upon the dominant Cr species and their bioavailability in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. However, the soil-water-human nexus that controls the biogeochemical behaviour of Cr and its potential toxicity is not fully understood. This paper synthesizes information on different dimensions of Cr ecotoxicological hazards in the soil and water and their subsequent effects on human health. The various routes of environmental exposure of Cr to humans and other organisms are also discussed. Human exposure to Cr(VI) causes both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects via complicated reactions that include oxidative stress, chromosomal and DNA damage, and mutagenesis. Chromium (VI) inhalation can cause lung cancer; however, incidences of other types of cancer following Cr(VI) exposure are low but probable. The non-carcinogenic health consequences of Cr(VI) exposure are primarily respiratory and cutaneous. Research on the biogeochemical behaviour of Cr and its toxicological hazards on human and other biological routes is therefore urgently needed to develop a holistic approach to understanding the soil-water-human nexus that controls the toxicological hazards of Cr and its detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael I Mortada
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ali El-Naggar
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11241, Egypt; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Mosa
- Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | | | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ronggui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 W Huayang Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada.
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Cho YL, Tzou YM, Wang CC, Lee YC, Hsu LC, Liu SL, Assakinah A, Chen YH, Thi Than NA, Liu YT, Rinklebe J. Removal and concurrent reduction of Cr(VI) by thermoacidophilic Cyanidiales: a novel extreme biomaterial enlightened for acidic and neutral conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130334. [PMID: 36462243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermoacidophilic Cyanidiales maintain a competitive edge in inhabiting extreme environments enriched with metals. Here, species of Cyanidioschyzon merolae (Cm), Cyanidium caldarium (Cc), and Galdieria partita (Gp) were exploited to remove hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. Cm and Gp could remove 168.1 and 93.7 mg g-1 of Cr(VI) at pH 2.0 and 7.0, respectively, wherein 89% and 62% of sorbed Cr on Cm and Gp occurred as trivalent chromium [Cr(III)]. Apart from surface-sorbed Cr(VI), the in vitro Cr(III) bound with polysaccharide and in vivo chromium(III) hydroxide [Cr(OH)3] attested to the reduction capability of Cyanidiales. The distribution of Cr species varied as a function of sorbed Cr amount, yet a relatively consistent proportion of Cr(OH)3, irrespective of Cr sorption capacity, was found only on Cm and Cc at pH 2.0. In conjunction with TXM (transmission X-ray microscopy) images that showed less impaired cell integrity and possible intracellular Cr distribution on Cm and Cc at pH 2.0, the in vivo Cr(OH)3 might be the key to promoting the Cr sorption capacity (≥ 152 mg g-1). Cyanidiales are promising candidates for the green and sustainable remediation of Cr(VI) due to their great removal capacity, the spontaneous reduction under oxic conditions, and in vivo accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Lin Cho
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Tzou
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ching Hsu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Lun Liu
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
| | - Afifah Assakinah
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Chen
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Nhu Anh Thi Than
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Liu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste, Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal 42285, Germany
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Pradhan B, Bhuyan PP, Nayak R, Patra S, Behera C, Ki JS, Ragusa A, Lukatkin AS, Jena M. Microalgal Phycoremediation: A Glimpse into a Sustainable Environment. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10090525. [PMID: 36136490 PMCID: PMC9502476 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are continually exposed to heavy metals and metalloids (HMMs), which stifles their development and reproduction due to the resulting physiological and metabolic abnormalities, leading to lower crop productivity. They must thus change their way of adapting to survive in such a hostile environment without sacrificing their healthy growth, development, reproductive capacity, or survival. The mode of adaptation involves a complex relationship of signalling cascades that govern gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, which consequently produces altered but adapted biochemical and physiochemical parameters. Algae have been reported to have altered their physicochemical and molecular perspectives as a result of exposure to a variety of HMMs. Hence, in this review, we focused on how microalgae alter their physicochemical and molecular characteristics as a tolerance mechanism in response to HMM-induced stress. Furthermore, physiological and biotechnological methods can be used to enhance extracellular absorption and clean up. The introduction of foreign DNA into microalgae cells and the genetic alteration of genes can boost the bio-accumulation and remediation capabilities of microalgae. In this regard, microalgae represent an excellent model organism and could be used for HMM removal in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Prajna Paramita Bhuyan
- Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India
| | - Rabindra Nayak
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769001, Odisha, India
| | - Chhandashree Behera
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Andrea Ragusa
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alexander S. Lukatkin
- Department of General Biology and Ecology, N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University, Bolshevistskaja Str., 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India
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Lichtscheidl I, Lancelle S, Weidinger M, Adlassnig W, Koller-Peroutka M, Bauer S, Krammer S, Hepler PK. Gland cell responses to feeding in Drosera capensis, a carnivorous plant. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:1291-1306. [PMID: 34155556 PMCID: PMC8523503 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Glands of Drosera absorb and transport nutrients from captured prey, but the mechanism and dynamics remain unclear. In this study, we offered animal proteins in the form of fluorescent albumin (FITC-BSA) and observed the reactions of the glands by live cell imaging and fluorescence microscopy. The ultrastructure of these highly dynamic processes was also assessed in high-pressure frozen and freeze substituted (HPF-FS) cells. HPF-FS yielded excellent preservation of the cytoplasm of all cell types, although the cytosol looked different in gland cells as compared to endodermoid and stalk cells. Especially prominent were the ER and its contacts with the plasma membrane, plasmodesmata, and other organelles as well as continuities between organelles. Also distinct were actin microfilaments in association with ER and organelles. Application of FITC-BSA to glands caused the formation of fluorescent endosomes that pinched off the plasma membrane. Endosomes fused to larger aggregates, and accumulated in the bulk cytoplasm around the nucleus. They did not fuse with the cell sap vacuole but remained for at least three days; in addition, fluorescent vesicles also proceeded through endodermoid and transfer cells to the epidermal and parenchymal cells of the tentacle stalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lichtscheidl
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sue Lancelle
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 221 Morrill Science Center III; 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003-9297 USA
| | - Marieluise Weidinger
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Adlassnig
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne Koller-Peroutka
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Bauer
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Krammer
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter K. Hepler
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 221 Morrill Science Center III; 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003-9297 USA
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Bauenova MO, Sadvakasova AK, Mustapayeva ZO, Kokociński M, Zayadan BK, Wojciechowicz MK, Balouch H, Akmukhanova NR, Alwasel S, Allakhverdiev SI. Potential of microalgae Parachlorella kessleri Bh-2 as bioremediation agent of heavy metals cadmium and chromium. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Danouche M, El Ghachtouli N, El Arroussi H. Phycoremediation mechanisms of heavy metals using living green microalgae: physicochemical and molecular approaches for enhancing selectivity and removal capacity. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07609. [PMID: 34355100 PMCID: PMC8322293 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination of water bodies is a serious global environmental problem. Because they are not biodegradable, they can accumulate in food chains, causing various signs of toxicity to exposed organisms, including humans. Due to its effectiveness, low cost, and ecological aspect, phycoremediation, or the use of microalgae's ecological functions in the treatment of HMs contaminated wastewater, is one of the most recommended processes. This study aims to examine in depth the mechanisms involved in the phycoremediation of HMs by microalgae, it also provides an overview of the prospects for improving the productivity, selectivity, and cost-effectiveness of this bioprocess through physicochemical and genetic engineering applications. Firstly, this review proposes a detailed examination of the biosorption interactions between cell wall functional groups and HMs, and their complexation with extracellular polymeric substances released by microalgae in the extracellular environment under stress conditions. Subsequently, the metal transporters involved in the intracellular bioaccumulation of HMs as well as the main intracellular mechanisms including compartmentalization in cell organelles, enzymatic biotransformation, or photoreduction of HMs were also extensively reviewed. In the last section, future perspectives of physicochemical and genetic approaches that could be used to improve the phytoremediation process in terms of removal efficiency, selectivity for a targeted metal, or reduction of treatment time and cost are discussed, which paves the way for large-scale application of phytoremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Danouche
- Green Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Rabat, Morocco
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Naïma El Ghachtouli
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hicham El Arroussi
- Green Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Rabat, Morocco
- AgroBioScience (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
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Ajitha V, Sreevidya CP, Sarasan M, Park JC, Mohandas A, Singh ISB, Puthumana J, Lee JS. Effects of zinc and mercury on ROS-mediated oxidative stress-induced physiological impairments and antioxidant responses in the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12950-6. [PMID: 33629160 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of industrialization and urbanization results in deterioration of freshwater systems around the world, rescinding the ecological balance. Among many factors that lead to adverse effects in aquatic ecology, metals are frequently discharged into aquatic ecosystems from natural and anthropogenic sources. Metals are highly persistent and toxic substances in trace amounts and can potentially induce severe oxidative stress in aquatic organisms. In this study, adverse effects of the two metal elements zinc (maximum concentration of 167.25 mg/L) and mercury (104.2 mg/L) were examined using Chlorella vulgaris under acute and chronic exposure period (48 h and 7 days, respectively). The metal-induced adverse effects have been analyzed through photosynthetic pigment content, total protein content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant enzymatic activities, namely catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with morphological changes in C. vulgaris. Photosynthetic pigments were gradually reduced (~32-100% reduction) in a dose-dependent manner. Protein content was initially increased during acute (~8-12%) and chronic (~57-80%) exposure and decreased (~44-56%) at higher concentration of the two metals (80%). Under the two metal exposures, 5- to 7-fold increase in ROS generation indicated the induction of oxidative stress and subsequent modulations in antioxidant activities. SOD activity was varied with an initial increase (58-129%) followed by a gradual reduction (~3.7-79%), while ~1- to 12-fold difference in CAT activity was observed in all experimental condition (~83 to 1605%). A significant difference was observed in combined toxic exposure (Zn+Hg), while comparing the toxic endpoint data of individual metal exposure (Zn and Hg alone). Through this work, lethal effects caused by single and combined toxicity of zinc and mercury were assessed, representing the significance of appropriate monitoring system to trim down the release of metal contaminants into the aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vayampully Ajitha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 16, India
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 22, India
| | | | - Manomi Sarasan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 16, India
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Ambat Mohandas
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 16, India
| | - Isaac Sarojini Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 16, India
| | - Jayesh Puthumana
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 16, India.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
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Toranzo R, Ferraro G, Beligni MV, Perez GL, Castiglioni D, Pasquevich D, Bagnato C. Natural and acquired mechanisms of tolerance to chromium in a Scenedesmus dimorphus strain. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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Zsiros O, Nagy G, Patai R, Solymosi K, Gasser U, Polgár TF, Garab G, Kovács L, Hörcsik ZT. Similarities and Differences in the Effects of Toxic Concentrations of Cadmium and Chromium on the Structure and Functions of Thylakoid Membranes in Chlorella variabilis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1006. [PMID: 32733513 PMCID: PMC7358611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Trace metal contaminations in natural waters, wetlands, and wastewaters pose serious threats to aquatic ecosystems-mainly via targeting microalgae. In this work, we investigated the effects of toxic amounts of chromium and cadmium ions on the structure and function of the photosynthetic machinery of Chlorella variabilis cells. To halt the propagation of cells, we used high concentrations of Cd and Cr, 50-50 mg L-1, in the forms of CdCl2 x 2.5 H2O and K2Cr2O7, respectively. Both treatments led to similar, about 50% gradual diminishment of the chlorophyll contents of the cells in 48 h, which was, however, accompanied by a small (~10%) but statistically significant enrichment (Cd) and loss (Cr) of ß-carotene. Both Cd and Cr inhibited the activity of photosystem II (PSII)-but with more severe inhibitions with Cr. On the contrary, the PsbA (D1) protein of PSII and the PsbO protein of the oxygen-evolving complex were retained more in Cr-treated cells than in the presence of Cd. These data and the higher susceptibility of P700 redox transients in Cr-treated cells suggest that, unlike with Cd, PSII is not the main target in the photochemical apparatus. These differences at the level of photochemistry also brought about dissimilarities at higher levels of the structural complexity of the photosynthetic apparatus. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy measurements revealed moderate perturbations in the macro-organization of the protein complexes-with more pronounced decline in Cd-treated cells than in the cells with Cr. Also, as reflected by transmission electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering, the thylakoid membranes suffered shrinking and were largely fragmented in Cd-treated cells, whereas no changes could be discerned with Cr. The preservation of integrity of membranes in Cr-treated cells was most probably aided by high proportion of the de-epoxidized xanthophylls, which were absent with Cd. It can thus be concluded that beside strong similarities of the toxic effects of Cr and Cd, the response of the photosynthetic machinery of C. variabilis to these two trace metal ions substantially differ from each other-strongly suggesting different inhibitory and protective mechanisms following the primary toxic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottó Zsiros
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Roland Patai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Urs Gasser
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Tamás F. Polgár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tibor Hörcsik
- Department of Biology Nyíregyháza, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
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Zou H, Huang JC, Zhou C, He S, Zhou W. Mutual effects of selenium and chromium on their removal by Chlorella vulgaris and associated toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138219. [PMID: 32251888 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The release of selenium (Se) and chromium (Cr) into the environment from anthropogenic activities has posed a hazard to aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we used Chlorella vulgaris for Se/Cr bioremediation and evaluated their mutual effects on the removal efficiency. Our results found C. vulgaris highly effective in removing selenite-Se(IV) (49.5 ± 1.9%), selenate-Se(VI) (93.0 ± 0.5%), chromic nitrate-Cr(III) (89.0 ± 3.2%) and dichromate-Cr(VI) (88.1 ± 1.3%) over a 72 h period. Cr(VI) significantly impeded Se removal, particularly for selenate, due to competition between both for algal uptake, whereas Cr(III) obviously enhanced Se removal, increasing Se volatilization by ~29%. Similarly, Se significantly increase Cr removal rates, with a maximum of 94.6 ± 0.2% for the algal co-exposed to Se(IV) and Cr(III). To reduce residual pollutants in the alga, we applied combustion as a post-treatment to burn off >99% of the biomass Se for all Se treatments, whereas most of the biomass Cr (54.7-81.6%) remained in the ash at significantly higher levels (~7430 μg Cr/g DW). For toxicity, our speciation analysis found organo-Se (SeCys and SeMet) dominant in the alga exposed to Se, particularly selenite. No Cr(VI) but Cr(III) forms were detected in all Cr-exposed alga. Elemental Se disappeared from all Se-exposed alga in the presence of Cr(VI), while Se resulted in the emergence of Cr-acetate in all Cr(III)-treated alga. After combustion, mineral Se, particularly elemental Se dominated most of the ash; likewise, elemental Cr, along with Cr2O3, was found in all the ash. Overall, our research would contribute to developing a low ecotoxic algal treatment system for Se/Cr contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jung-Chen Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Chuanqi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Weili Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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13
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Ameri M, Baron-Sola A, Khavari-Nejad RA, Soltani N, Najafi F, Bagheri A, Martinez F, Hernández LE. Aluminium triggers oxidative stress and antioxidant response in the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 246-247:153114. [PMID: 31958684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) water pollution is an increasing environmental problem and comprehensive analysis of toxic responses of aquatic primary producer organisms is imperative. We characterized the antioxidant response of Scenedesmus sp. microalga to Al-induced oxidative stress. After 72 h of exposure to Al (0, 10, and 100 μM) in a modified Bold Basal Medium (pH 5.0), we observed cell aggregation and alterations in the subcellular structure, strong lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress induction (detected with the fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) in parallel with Al accumulation in cells. At the same time, Al toxicity caused depletion of important macronutrients like Ca, which is important for cell-wall structure. Analysis of antioxidant enzymatic activities in Al-treated Scenedesmus cells revealed that catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, as well as different isoforms of superoxide dismutase were inhibited especially at the highest Al dose (100 μM), cells that accumulated the highest concentration of Al. On the other hand, glutathione reductase activity increased at that Al concentration. Immunodetection after Western-blotting confirmed that only ascorbate peroxidase inhibition was apparently due to a decrease in enzyme levels. However, the inhibition of catalase and activation of glutathione reductase activities seemed related with post-translational modifications in protein function as protein expression decreased or increased, respectively under Al stress. Our results may help to understand toxic mechanisms triggered by Al in freshwater microalgae, which in turn could aid to select suitable biomarkers of Al contamination in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ameri
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Angel Baron-Sola
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology/Research Centre for Biodiversity and Global Change, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Soltani
- Department of Petroleum Microbiology, Research Institute of Applied Science, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Najafi
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Bagheri
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Khorasan, Iran
| | - Flor Martinez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology/Research Centre for Biodiversity and Global Change, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis E Hernández
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology/Research Centre for Biodiversity and Global Change, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049 Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Buchner O, Steiner P, Andosch A, Holzinger A, Stegner M, Neuner G, Lütz-Meindl U. A new technical approach for preparing frozen biological samples for electron microscopy. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:48. [PMID: 32280364 PMCID: PMC7137184 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many methodological approaches have focused so far on physiological and molecular responses of plant tissues to freezing but only little knowledge is available on the consequences of extracellular ice-formation on cellular ultrastructure that underlies physiological reactions. In this context, the preservation of a defined frozen state during the entire fixation procedure is an essential prerequisite. However, current techniques are not able to fix frozen plant tissues for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) without interrupting the cold chain. Chemical fixation by glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide is not possible at sub-zero temperatures. Cryo-fixation methods, such as high pressure freeze fixation (HPF) representing the state-of-the-art technique for best structural preservation, are not equipped for freezing frozen samples. In order to overcome this obstacle, a novel technical approach for maintaining the cold chain of already frozen plant samples prior and during HPF is presented. RESULTS Different algae (Micrasterias denticulata, Klebsormidium crenulatum) and higher plant tissues (Lemna sp., Ranunculus glacialis, Pinus mugo) were successfully frozen and prepared for HPF at freezing temperatures (- 2 °C, - 5 °C, - 6 °C) within a newly developed automatic freezing unit (AFU), that we manufactured from a standard laboratory freezer. Preceding tests on photosynthetic electron transport and ability to plasmolyse show that the temperatures applied did not impair electron transport in PSII nor cell vitality. The transfer of the frozen specimen from the AFU into the HPF-device and subsequently cryo-fixation were performed without intermediate thawing. After cryo-substitution and further processing, the resulting TEM-micrographs showed excellent ultrastructure preservation of the different organisms when compared to specimens fixed at ambient temperature. CONCLUSIONS The method presented allows preserving the ultrastructure of plant cells in the frozen state during cryo-fixation. The resulting high quality TEM-images represent an important step towards a better understanding of the consequences of extracellular ice formation on cellular ultrastructure. It has the potential to provide new insights into changes of organelle structure, identification of intracellular injuries during ice formation and may help to understand freezing and thawing processes in plant tissues. It may be combined with analytical TEM such as electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), X-ray analyses (EDX) and various other electron microscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othmar Buchner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Philip Steiner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ancuela Andosch
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Stegner
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gilbert Neuner
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Lütz-Meindl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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15
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Daneshvar E, Zarrinmehr MJ, Kousha M, Hashtjin AM, Saratale GD, Maiti A, Vithanage M, Bhatnagar A. Hexavalent chromium removal from water by microalgal-based materials: Adsorption, desorption and recovery studies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122064. [PMID: 31491650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study presents a comprehensive comparison towards the potential of different microalgal-based materials for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from water. Among the tested materials, microalgal biochar showed the highest removal efficiency (100%) of Cr(VI). The highest monolayer estimated adsorption capacities were 23.98, 25.19 and 24.27 mg/g at 5, 22 and 35 °C, respectively. Experimental data showed good compliance with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results of continuous column studies showed that the column removal efficiency increased from 52.33 to 57.58% by increasing the adsorbent dose from 0.125 to 0.200 g. Desorption efficiency of Cr(VI) by 0.1 M NaOH was increased from 51.16 to 59.41% by sonication bath as compared to roller shaker. More than 97% of desorbed Cr(VI) was recovered in less than 10 min by BaCl2. This study shows that non-living microalga materials are more effective than living cells in the removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Daneshvar
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mohammad Javad Zarrinmehr
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Masoud Kousha
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Km 9 Darya Boulevard, P.O. Box, 578, Sari, Iran
| | - Atefeh Malekzadeh Hashtjin
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhijit Maiti
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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16
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Thongpitak J, Pekkoh J, Pumas C. Remediation of Manganese-Contaminated Coal-Mine Water Using Bio-Sorption and Bio-Oxidation by the Microalga Pediastrum duplex (AARLG060): A Laboratory-Scale Feasibility Study. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2605. [PMID: 31781081 PMCID: PMC6861300 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidification occurs as a result of acid mine drainage after the oxidative weathering of metal sulfides. The acidic condition corrodes other toxic elements from the soil and becomes distributed around the operating site. Although coal mines go through a process of rehabilitation, water samples in the rehabilitated reservoir still reveal high concentrations of certain metals, for example, manganese (Mn). Both living and non-living biomass substances were used in Mn remediation. However, using non-living biomass as a sorbent may be inappropriate for the purposes of upscaling in high-volume water bodies. Thus, living microalga, Pediastrum duplex AARLG060, has become of significant interest for this type of application. The Mn remediation of microalga was performed by biosorption and bio-oxidation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of microalgal Mn remediation of the water obtained from a rehabilitated coal-mine reservoir. The equilibrium and isotherm values of the remediation process were also studied. The microalga was used to remediate Mn in water under three different water conditions, including filtrated water obtained from the rehabilitated site, non-filtrated water that was sterilized with an autoclave, and non-treated water. Remediation was performed by culturing microalga with modified medium consisting of N, P, C, and Mg nutrients. The remediated Mn concentration present in the cultures was detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The precipitated Mn was collected as a result of bio-oxidation, and EDTA was used to wash Mn from the biomass. This was designated as an adsorption result. Characterization of biosorption was evaluated by employing the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The results demonstrated that all treatments of living microalga could support Mn bio-oxidation. The Mn remediation was successfully performed at over 97% in every treatment. The adsorption characteristics revealed a close similarity to the Langmuir isotherm of monolayer adsorption. The scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) indicated precipitation of Mn oxide on the cell surface, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the nanoparticles of Mn were scattered mainly in the chloroplast and throughout the vacuoles of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakkapong Thongpitak
- Ph.D. Degree Program in Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jeeraporn Pekkoh
- Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayakorn Pumas
- Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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17
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Wilson W, Zhang Q, Rickaby REM. Susceptibility of algae to Cr toxicity reveals contrasting metal management strategies. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 2019; 64:2271-2282. [PMID: 31598011 PMCID: PMC6774333 DOI: 10.1002/lno.11183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
At the Paleozoic-Mesozoic boundary, the dominance of marine eukaryotic algae shifted from the green (chlorophyll b) to the red (chlorophyll c) superfamily. Selection pressures caused by the bioavailability of trace metals associated with increasing oxygenation of the ocean may have played a key role in this algal revolution. From a scan of elemental compositions, a significant difference in the cellular Cr/P quota was found between the two superfamilies. Here, the different responses to high levels of Cr exposure reveal contrasting strategies for metal uptake and homeostasis in these algal lineages. At high Cr(VI) concentrations, red lineages experience growth inhibition through reduced photosynthetic capability, while green lineages are completely unaffected. Moreover, Cr(VI) has a more significant impact on the metallomes of red lineage algae, in which metal/P ratios increased with increasing Cr(VI) concentration for many trace elements. Green algae have higher specificity transporters to prevent Cr(VI) from entering the cell, and more specific intracellular stores of Cr within the membrane fraction than the red algae, which accumulate more Cr mistakenly in the cytosol fraction via lower affinity transport mechanisms. Green algal approaches require greater nutrient investments in the more numerous transport proteins required and management of specific metals, a strategy better adapted to the resource-rich coastal waters. By contrast, the red algae are nutrient-efficient with fewer and less discriminate metal transporters, which can be fast and better adapted in the oligotrophic, oxygenated open ocean, which has prevailed since the deepening of the oxygen minimum zones at the start of the Mesozoic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Wilson
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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18
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Djouider F. Kinetics and mechanism of the advanced oxidation process of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) by SO4
−˙ free radicals in slightly acidic simulated atmospheric water. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2019-3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In a previous work, we showed that the oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) by OH˙ present in the atmospheric water droplets has the potential to threaten the people’s health since non-toxic species is transformed into environmental carcinogens. The same oxidation might be initiated by the SO4
−˙ free radicals. Here, we shed some light on the detailed mechanisms of this oxidation reaction occurring in ambient atmosphere. Steady state irradiation and pulse radiolysis technique were used to generate SO4
−˙. The advanced oxidation process mechanism was investigated at pH 4 and 6 selected as typical values of cloud water acidity. Our findings showed that the oxidation is pseudo-first order with respect to Cr(III) and is pH dependent. In the suggested reaction mechanism, the electron transfer proceeds via an inner sphere mechanism, with formation of the [Cr(III)–SO4
−˙] precursor adduct, followed by an electron transfer inside the adduct, from Cr(III) to SO4
−˙, to form Cr(IV):
Cr(III)
+
SO
4
−
·
⇌
[
C
r
(
III
)
–
SO
4
−
·
]
→
Cr(IV)
+
SO
4
2
−
.
$${\rm{Cr(III)}} + {\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_4}^{ - \cdot}[Cr({\rm{III}})-{\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_4}^{ -\cdot }] \to {\rm{Cr(IV)}} + {\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_4}^{2 - }.$$
At pH 4, the equilibrium constant and the rate constant are 7.52 × 104 M−1 and 2.47 × 104 s−1, respectively. At pH 6 these values become 1.90 × 105 M−1 and 1.41 × 104 s−1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathi Djouider
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering , King Abdulaziz University , Po Box 80204 , Jeddah, 21589 , Saudi Arabia , Tel.: +966 558822318, E-mail:
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19
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Kang W, Li X, Sun A, Yu F, Hu X. Study of the Persistence of the Phytotoxicity Induced by Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots and of the Specific Molecular Mechanisms by Integrating Omics and Regular Analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3791-3801. [PMID: 30870590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although increasing attention has been paid to the nanotoxicity of graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) due to their broad range of applications, the persistence and recoverability associated with GOQDs had been widely ignored. Interestingly, stress-response hormesis for algal growth was observed for Chlorella vulgaris as a single-celled model organism. Few physiological parameters, such as algal density, plasmolysis, and levels of reactive oxygen species, exhibited facile recovery. In contrast, the effects on chlorophyll a levels, permeability, and starch grain accumulation exhibited persistent toxicity. In the exposure stage, the downregulation of genes related to unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and binding contributed to toxic effects on photosynthesis. In the recovery stage, downregulation of genes related to the cis-Golgi network, photosystem I, photosynthetic membrane, and thylakoid was linked to the persistence of toxic effects on photosynthesis. The upregulated galactose metabolism and downregulated aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis also indicated toxicity persistence in the recovery stage. The downregulation and upregulation of phenylalanine metabolism in the exposure and recovery stages, respectively, reflected the tolerance of the algae to GOQDs. The present study highlights the importance of studying nanotoxicity by elucidation of stress and recovery patterns with metabolomics and transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilu Kang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Anqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Fubo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
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20
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Niedermeier M, Gierlinger N, Lütz-Meindl U. Biomineralization of strontium and barium contributes to detoxification in the freshwater alga Micrasterias. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 230:80-91. [PMID: 30195163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular model alga Micrasterias denticulata inhabits acid peat bogs that are highly endangered by pollutants due to their high humidity. As it was known from earlier studies that algae like Micrasterias are capable of storing barium naturally in form of BaSO4 crystals, it was interesting to experimentally investigate distribution and sequestration of barium and the chemically similar alkaline earth metal strontium. Additionally, we intended to analyze whether biomineralization by crystal formation contributes to diminution of the generally toxic effects of these minerals to physiology and structure of this alga which is closely related to higher plants. The results show that depending on the treatment differently shaped crystals are formed in BaCl2 and Cl2Sr exposed Micrasterias cells. Modern microscopic techniques such as analytical TEM by electron energy loss spectroscopy and Raman microscopy provide evidence for the chemical composition of these crystals. It is shown that barium treatment results in the formation of insoluble BaSO4 crystals that develop within distinct compartments. During strontium exposure long rod-like crystals are formed and are surrounded by membranes. Based on the Raman signature of these crystals their composition is attributed to strontium citrate. These crystals are instable and are dissolved during cell death. During strontium as well as barium treatment cell division rates and photosynthetic oxygen production decreased in dependence of the concentration, whereas cell vitality was reduced only slightly. Together with the fact that TEM analyses revealed only minor ultrastructural alterations as consequence of relatively high concentrated BaCl2 and Cl2Sr exposure, this indicates that biomineralization of Sr and Ba protects the cells from severe damage or cell death at least within a particular concentration range and time period. In the case of Sr treatment where ROS levels were found to be elevated, hallmarks for autophagy of single organelles were observed by TEM, indicating beginning degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Niedermeier
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Notburga Gierlinger
- BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Nanobiotechnology, Muthgasse 11/II, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ursula Lütz-Meindl
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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21
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Ben Ouada S, Ben Ali R, Leboulanger C, Ben Ouada H, Sayadi S. Effect of Bisphenol A on the extremophilic microalgal strain Picocystis sp. (Chlorophyta) and its high BPA removal ability. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 158:1-8. [PMID: 29656159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) effects and removal by an alkaliphilic chlorophyta, Picocystis, were assessed. BPA at low concentrations (0-25 mg L-1) did not inhibit the Picocystis growth and photosynthesis during 5 days of exposure. At higher BPA concentrations (50 and 75 mg L-1), the growth inhibition did not exceed 43%. The net photosynthetic activity was dramatically reduced at high BPA concentrations while, the PSII activity was less affected. The exposure to increasing BPA concentrations induced an oxidative stress in Picocystis cells, as evidenced by increased malondialdehyde content and the over-expression of antioxidant activities (ascorbate peroxydase, gluthation-S-transferase and catalase). Picocystis exhibited high BPA removal efficiency, reaching 72% and 40% at 25 and 75 mg L-1 BPA. BPA removal was ensured mainly by biodegradation/biotransformation processes. Based on these results, the extended tolerance and the high removal ability of Picocystis make her a promising specie for use in BPA bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Ben Ouada
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; UMR 248 MARBEC (IRD-University Montpellier-CNRS Ifremer), CS30171, 34203 Séte, France
| | - Rihab Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Hatem Ben Ouada
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
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22
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Wen J, Fang Y, Zeng G. Progress and prospect of adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using metal-organic frameworks: A review of studies from the last decade. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 201:627-643. [PMID: 29544217 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The efficient removal of heavy metals (HMs) from the environment has become an important issue from both biological and environmental perspectives. Recently, porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), combining central metals and organic ligands, have been proposed as promising materials in the capture of various toxic substances, including HMs, due to their unique characteristics. Here we review recent progress in the field of water remediation from the perspective of primary HMs (including divalent metals and variable-valent metals) in water pollution and the corresponding MOFs (including virgin and modified MOFs, magnetic MOFs composites and so on) that can remove these metals from water. The reported values of various MOFs for adsorption of heavy metal ions were 8.40-313 mg Pb(II) g-1, 0.65-2173 mg Hg(II) g-1, 3.63-145 mg Cd(II) g-1, 14.0-127 mg Cr(III) g-1, 15.4-145 mg Cr(VI) g-1, 49.5-123 mg As(III) g-1, and 12.3-303 mg As(V) g-1. The main adsorption mechanisms associated with these processes are chemical (including coordination interaction, chemical bonding and acid-base interactions) and physical (including electrostatic interaction, diffusion and van der Waals force) adsorption, which were discussed in detailed. Further efforts should be made towards expanding the repertoire of MOFs that effectively remove multiple targeted HMs, as well as exploring possible applications of MOFs in the removal of HMs from non-aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Ying Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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Wani W, Masoodi KZ, Zaid A, Wani SH, Shah F, Meena VS, Wani SA, Mosa KA. Engineering plants for heavy metal stress tolerance. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Aharchaou I, Py JS, Cambier S, Loizeau JL, Cornelis G, Rousselle P, Battaglia E, Vignati DAL. Chromium hazard and risk assessment: New insights from a detailed speciation study in a standard test medium. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:983-992. [PMID: 29150949 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the consensus about the importance of chemical speciation in controlling the bioavailability and ecotoxicity of trace elements, detailed speciation studies during laboratory ecotoxicity testing remain scarce, contributing to uncertainty when extrapolating laboratory findings to real field situations in risk assessment. We characterized the speciation and ecotoxicological effects of chromium (CrIII and CrVI ) in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) medium for algal ecotoxicity testing. Total and dissolved (< 0.22 μm) Cr concentrations showed little variability in media spiked with CrVI , whereas dissolved Cr concentration decreased by as much as 80% over a 72-h time period in medium amended with CrIII . Analyses by ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS) highlighted the absence of redox interconversion between CrIII or CrVI both in the presence and absence of algal cells (Raphidocelis subcapitata). Furthermore, the concentration of ionic CrIII dropped below detection limits in less than 2 h with the corresponding formation of carbonate complexes and Cr hydroxides. Precipitation of CrIII in the form of colloidal particles of variable diameters was confirmed by nanoparticle (NP) tracking analysis, single particle ICP-MS, and single particle counting. In terms of time-weighted dissolved (< 0.22 μm) Cr concentration, CrIII was 4 to 10 times more toxic than CrVI . However, CrIII ecotoxicity could arise from interactions between free ionic CrIII and algae at the beginning of the test, from the presence of Cr-bearing NPs, or from a combination of the 2. Future ecotoxicological studies must pay more attention to Cr speciation to reliably compare the ecotoxicity of CrIII and CrVI . Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:983-992. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Aharchaou
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, Metz, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Py
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, Laboratoire de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Luc Loizeau
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Geert Cornelis
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil and Environment, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philippe Rousselle
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, Metz, France
| | - Eric Battaglia
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, Metz, France
| | - Davide A L Vignati
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, Metz, France
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Sinha V, Pakshirajan K, Chaturvedi R. Chromium tolerance, bioaccumulation and localization in plants: An overview. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:715-730. [PMID: 29156430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the current industrial scenario, chromium (Cr) as a metal is of great importance, but poses a major threat to the environment. Phytoremediation provides an environmentally sustainable, ecofriendly, cost effective approach for environmental cleanup of Cr. This review presents the current status of phytoremediation research with particular emphasis on cleanup of Cr contaminated soil and water systems. It gives a detailed account of the work done by different authors on the Cr bioavailability, uptake pathway, toxicity and storage in plants following the phytoextraction mechanism. This paper also describes recent findings related to Cr localization in hyperaccumulator plants. It gives an insight into the processes and mechanisms that allow plants to remove Cr from contaminated sites under varying conditions. These detailed knowledge of changes in plant metabolic pool in response to Cr stress would immensely help understand and improve the phytoextraction process. Further, this review provides a detailed understanding of Cr uptake and detoxification mechanism by plants that can be applied in developing a suitable approach for a better applicability of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Sinha
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kannan Pakshirajan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Rakhi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Oves M, Khan MS, Qari HA. Ensifer adhaerens for heavy metal bioaccumulation, biosorption, and phosphate solubilization under metal stress condition. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Neustupa J. Asymmetry and integration of cellular morphology in Micrasterias compereana. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:1. [PMID: 28049419 PMCID: PMC5209845 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Unicellular green algae of the genus Micrasterias (Desmidiales) have complex cells with multiple lobes and indentations, and therefore, they are considered model organisms for research on plant cell morphogenesis and variation. Micrasterias cells have a typical biradial symmetric arrangement and multiple terminal lobules. They are composed of two semicells that can be further differentiated into three structural components: the polar lobe and two lateral lobes. Experimental studies suggested that these cellular parts have specific evolutionary patterns and develop independently. In this study, different geometric morphometric methods were used to address whether the semicells of Micrasterias compereana are truly not integrated with regard to the covariation of their shape data. In addition, morphological integration within the semicells was studied to ascertain whether individual lobes constitute distinct units that may be considered as separate modules. In parallel, I sought to determine whether the main components of morphological asymmetry could highlight underlying cytomorphogenetic processes that could indicate preferred directions of variation, canalizing evolutionary changes in cellular morphology. Results Differentiation between opposite semicells constituted the most prominent subset of cellular asymmetry. The second important asymmetric pattern, recovered by the Procrustes ANOVA models, described differentiation between the adjacent lobules within the quadrants. Other asymmetric components proved to be relatively unimportant. Opposite semicells were shown to be completely independent of each other on the basis of the partial least squares analysis analyses. In addition, polar lobes were weakly integrated with adjacent lateral lobes. Conversely, higher covariance levels between the two lateral lobes of the same semicell indicated mutual interconnection and significant integration between these parts. Conclusions Micrasterias cells are composed of several successively disintegrated parts. These integration patterns concurred with presumed scenarios of morphological evolution within the lineage. In addition, asymmetric differentiation in the shape of the lobules involves two major patterns: asymmetry across the isthmus axis and among the adjacent lobules. Notably, asymmetry among the adjacent lobules may be related to evolutionary differentiation among species, but it may also point out developmental instability related to environmental factors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0855-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Neustupa
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Rihab BA, Sabrine BO, Lina C, Imed M, Hatem BO, Ali O. Cadmium effect on physiological responses of the tolerant Chlorophyta specie Picocystis sp. isolated from Tunisian wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1803-1810. [PMID: 27796988 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) (0-800 μM) on the growth, the photosynthetic performance, and the biochemical parameters of the Chlorophyta Picocystis sp. during 3 and 9 days. Results showed that this exposure did not inhibit the Picocystis growth during the first 3 days of treatment. Growth inhibition did not exceed 53%, which was recorded at high Cd concentrations (800 μM) after nine exposure days. Moreover, no inhibitory effect on the Picocystis sp. photosynthesis has been recorded during the three exposure days regardless the Cd concentrations. Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased at high Cd concentrations (500 and 800 μM) by 40 and 80%, respectively. Furthermore, the highest Cd concentration enhanced the thiol protein content, indicating no consequent protein oxidation. The exposure of Picocystis to Cd stimulated the antioxidant activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. These results showed that Picocystis sp. has an impressive tolerance to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ali Rihab
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Interfaces, Faculty of Medicine, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Team of Microalgal Biotechnology, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Ben Ouada Sabrine
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Team of Microalgal Biotechnology, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Sfax Center of Biotechnology, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chouchene Lina
- UR 09/30: Genetic and Biodiversity, Institute of Biotechnology, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Messaoudi Imed
- UR 09/30: Genetic and Biodiversity, Institute of Biotechnology, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ben Ouada Hatem
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Team of Microalgal Biotechnology, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Sfax Center of Biotechnology, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Othmane Ali
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Interfaces, Faculty of Medicine, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
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Aharchaou I, Rosabal M, Liu F, Battaglia E, Vignati DAL, Fortin C. Bioaccumulation and subcellular partitioning of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in the freshwater green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 182:49-57. [PMID: 27866075 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromium occurs in aquatic environments under two main redox forms, namely Cr(III) and Cr(VI), with different geochemical and biochemical properties. Cr(VI) readily crosses biological membranes of living organisms and once inside the cells it undergoes a rapid reduction to Cr(III). The route of entry for the latter form is, however, poorly known. Using the radioactive tracer 51Cr we compared the accumulation (absorption and adsorption) of the two Cr forms by the green unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii after 1h and 72h of exposure to 100nM of either Cr(III) or Cr(VI) at pH 7. Both Cr forms had similar accumulation, with a major part in the extracellular (adsorbed) fraction after 1h and a major part of total accumulated Cr in the intracellular (absorbed) fraction after 72h. We also investigated the intracellular partitioning of Cr using an operational fractionation scheme and found that both Cr forms had similar distributions among fractions: Cr was mostly associated with organelles (23±12% after 1h and 37±7% after 72h) and cytosolic heat-stable proteins and peptides (39±18% after 1h and 35±3% after 72h) fractions. Further investigations using a metallomic approach (SEC-ICP-MS) were performed with the heat-stable proteins and peptides fraction to compare the distribution of the two Cr forms among various biomolecules of this fraction. One Cr-binding biomolecule (∼28kDa) appeared after 1h of exposure for both Cr species. After 72h another biomolecule of lower molecular weight (∼0.7kDa) was involved in binding Cr and higher signal intensities were observed for Cr(VI) than for Cr(III). We show, for the first time, that both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) have similar fate within algal cells, supporting the tenet that a unique redox form occurs within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Aharchaou
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, 8 rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Maikel Rosabal
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Fengjie Liu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Eric Battaglia
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, 8 rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Davide A L Vignati
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, 8 rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Claude Fortin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Lütz-Meindl U. Micrasterias as a Model System in Plant Cell Biology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:999. [PMID: 27462330 PMCID: PMC4940373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular freshwater alga Micrasterias denticulata is an exceptional organism due to its complex star-shaped, highly symmetric morphology and has thus attracted the interest of researchers for many decades. As a member of the Streptophyta, Micrasterias is not only genetically closely related to higher land plants but shares common features with them in many physiological and cell biological aspects. These facts, together with its considerable cell size of about 200 μm, its modest cultivation conditions and the uncomplicated accessibility particularly to any microscopic techniques, make Micrasterias a very well suited cell biological plant model system. The review focuses particularly on cell wall formation and composition, dictyosomal structure and function, cytoskeleton control of growth and morphogenesis as well as on ionic regulation and signal transduction. It has been also shown in the recent years that Micrasterias is a highly sensitive indicator for environmental stress impact such as heavy metals, high salinity, oxidative stress or starvation. Stress induced organelle degradation, autophagy, adaption and detoxification mechanisms have moved in the center of interest and have been investigated with modern microscopic techniques such as 3-D- and analytical electron microscopy as well as with biochemical, physiological and molecular approaches. This review is intended to summarize and discuss the most important results obtained in Micrasterias in the last 20 years and to compare the results to similar processes in higher plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Lütz-Meindl
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
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31
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Lütz-Meindl U, Luckner M, Andosch A, Wanner G. Structural stress responses and degradation of dictyosomes in algae analysed by TEM and FIB-SEM tomography. J Microsc 2015; 263:129-41. [PMID: 26708415 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced physiological deficiencies in cells are reflected in structural, morphological and functional reactions of organelles. Although numerous investigations have focused on chloroplasts and mitochondria as main targets of different stressors in plant cells, there is insufficient information on the plant Golgi apparatus as stress sensor. By using the advantages of field emission scanning electron microscopy tomography in combination with classical ultrathin sectioning and transmission electron microscopic analyses, we provide structural evidence for common stress responses of the large and highly stable dictyosomes in the algal model system Micrasterias. Stress is induced by different metals such as manganese and lead, by starvation in 9 weeks of darkness or by inhibiting photosynthesis or glycolysis and by disturbing ionic homeostasis via KCl. For the first time a stress-induced degradation pathway of dictyosomes is described that does not follow "classical" autophagy but occurs by disintegration of cisternae into single membrane balls that seem to be finally absorbed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Comparison of the morphological features that accompany dictyosomal degradation in Micrasterias to similar reactions observed during the same stress application in Nitella indicates an ubiquitous degradation process at least in algae. As the algae investigated belong to the closest relatives of higher land plants these results may also be relevant for understanding dictyosomal stress and degradation responses in the latter phylogenetic group. In addition, this study shows that two-dimensional transmission electron microscopy is insufficient for elucidating complex processes such as organelle degradation, and that information from three-dimensional reconstructions as provided by field emission scanning electron microscopy tomography is absolutely required for a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lütz-Meindl
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Luckner
- Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - A Andosch
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - G Wanner
- Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Machado MD, Lopes AR, Soares EV. Responses of the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata to long-term exposure to metal stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 296:82-92. [PMID: 25913674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata has been widely used in ecological risk assessment, usually based on the impact of the toxicants in the alga growth. However, the physiological causes that lead algal growth inhibition are not completely understood. This work aimed to evaluate the biochemical and structural modifications in P. subcapitata after exposure, for 72 h, to three nominal concentrations of Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Zn(II), corresponding approximately to 72 h-EC10 and 72 h-EC50 values and a high concentration (above 72 h-EC90 values). The incubation of algal cells with the highest concentration of Cd(II), Cr(VI) or Cu(II) resulted in a loss of membrane integrity of ~16, 38 and 55%, respectively. For all metals tested, an inhibition of esterase activity, in a dose-dependent manner, was observed. Reduction of chlorophyll a content, decrease of maximum quantum yield of photosystem II and modification of mitochondrial membrane potential was also verified. In conclusion, the exposure of P. subcapitata to metals resulted in a perturbation of the cell physiological status. Principal component analysis revealed that the impairment of esterase activity combined with the reduction of chlorophyll a content were related with the inhibition of growth caused by a prolonged exposure to the heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela D Machado
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, ISEP-School of Engineering of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana R Lopes
- LEPABE, Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo V Soares
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, ISEP-School of Engineering of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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Marieschi M, Gorbi G, Zanni C, Sardella A, Torelli A. Increase of chromium tolerance in Scenedesmus acutus after sulfur starvation: Chromium uptake and compartmentalization in two strains with different sensitivities to Cr(VI). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 167:124-133. [PMID: 26281774 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic organisms sulfate constitutes the main sulfur source for the biosynthesis of GSH and its precursor Cys. Hence, sulfur availability can modulate the capacity to cope with environmental stresses, a phenomenon known as SIR/SED (Sulfur Induced Resistance or Sulfur Enhanced Defence). Since chromate may compete for sulfate transport into the cells, in this study chromium accumulation and tolerance were investigated in relation to sulfur availability in two strains of the unicellular green alga Scenedesmus acutus with different Cr-sensitivities. Paradoxically, sulfur deprivation has been demonstrated to induce a transient increase of Cr-tolerance in both strains. Sulfur deprivation is known to enhance the sulfate uptake/assimilation pathway leading to important consequences on Cr-tolerance: (i) reduced chromate uptake due to the induction of high affinity sulfate transporters (ii) higher production of cysteine and GSH which can play a role both through the formation of unsoluble complexes and their sequestration in inert compartments. To investigate the role of the above mentioned mechanisms, Cr accumulation in total cells and in different cell compartments (cell wall, membranes, soluble and miscellaneous fractions) was analyzed in both sulfur-starved and unstarved cells. Both strains mainly accumulated chromium in the soluble fraction, but the uptake was higher in the wild-type. In this type a short period of sulfur starvation before Cr(VI) treatment lowered chromium accumulation to the level observed in the unstarved Cr-tolerant strain, in which Cr uptake seems instead less influenced by S-starvation, since no significant decrease was observed. The increase in Cr-tolerance following S-starvation seems thus to rely on different mechanisms in the two strains, suggesting the induction of a mechanism constitutively active in the Cr-tolerant strain, maybe a high affinity sulfate transporter also in the wild-type. Changes observed in the cell wall and membrane fractions suggest a strong involvement of these compartments in Cr-tolerance increase following S-starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marieschi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - G Gorbi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - C Zanni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - A Sardella
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - A Torelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy.
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Andosch A, Höftberger M, Lütz C, Lütz-Meindl U. Subcellular Sequestration and Impact of Heavy Metals on the Ultrastructure and Physiology of the Multicellular Freshwater Alga Desmidium swartzii. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:10389-410. [PMID: 25961949 PMCID: PMC4463652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160510389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to modern life with increasing traffic, industrial production and agricultural practices, high amounts of heavy metals enter ecosystems and pollute soil and water. As a result, metals can be accumulated in plants and particularly in algae inhabiting peat bogs of low pH and high air humidity. In the present study, we investigated the impact and intracellular targets of aluminum, copper, cadmium, chromium VI and zinc on the filamentous green alga Desmidium swartzii, which is an important biomass producer in acid peat bogs. By means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) it is shown that all metals examined are taken up into Desmidium readily, where they are sequestered in cell walls and/or intracellular compartments. They cause effects on cell ultrastructure to different degrees and additionally disturb photosynthetic activity and biomass production. Our study shows a clear correlation between toxicity of a metal and the ability of the algae to compartmentalize it intracellularly. Cadmium and chromium, which are not compartmentalized, exert the most toxic effects. In addition, this study shows that the filamentous alga Desmidium reacts more sensitively to aluminum and zinc when compared to its unicellular relative Micrasterias, indicating a severe threat to the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuela Andosch
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Margit Höftberger
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Cornelius Lütz
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ursula Lütz-Meindl
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Nitric oxide donor modulates cadmium-induced physiological and metabolic changes in the green alga Coccomyxa subellipsoidea. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kováčik J, Babula P, Hedbavny J, Kryštofová O, Provaznik I. Physiology and methodology of chromium toxicity using alga Scenedesmus quadricauda as model object. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:23-30. [PMID: 24972306 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Physiological responses of Scenedesmus quadricauda to Cr(VI) and Cr(III) excess were studied in buffer with circumneutral pH (6.5). Total Cr content was similar in low (1 μM of both oxidation states) but higher in 10 μM Cr(VI) treatment and high accumulation potential was detected (80-82% and 41-65% in 1 and 10 μM treatments, respectively). Specific fluorescence indicator (6-((anthracen-9-yl) methyleneamino)-2H-chromen-2-one) confirmed partial reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) under exposure conditions. Viability and chlorophyll autofluorescence were more depleted by Cr(VI) while Cr(III) stimulated increase in ROS and lipid peroxidation. Antioxidative enzyme activities showed significantly higher values in 10 μM treatments of both Cr oxidation states. Depletion of mitochondrial proteins was not reflected in alteration of total soluble proteins indicating sensitivity of this organelle to Cr and TTC test showed no clear oxidation state-related effect. In this view, "Cr(VI) is not more toxic than Cr(III)" at least for some parameters. Subsequent study with the application of 10 μM Cr(VI) confirmed that HEPES buffer is more suitable exposure solution for toxicological studied than water or inorganic salts (higher chlorophyll autofluorescence was observed) and pH 6.5 is more suitable than low or high pH (4.5 or 8.5) in terms of Cr uptake. Another known Cr(III) fluorescence indicator (naphthalimide-rhodamine) also confirmed partial reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) at acidic pH but only traces were seen at alkaline pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kováčik
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Hedbavny
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Kryštofová
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Provaznik
- International Clinical Research Center, Center of Biomedical Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
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Ammonium reduces chromium toxicity in the freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:3249-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Leonardo T, Farhi E, Boisson AM, Vial J, Cloetens P, Bohic S, Rivasseau C. Determination of elemental distribution in green micro-algae using synchrotron radiation nano X-ray fluorescence (SR-nXRF) and electron microscopy techniques--subcellular localization and quantitative imaging of silver and cobalt uptake by Coccomyxa actinabiotis. Metallomics 2014; 6:316-29. [PMID: 24394991 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00281k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The newly discovered unicellular micro-alga Coccomyxa actinabiotis proves to be highly radio-tolerant and strongly concentrates radionuclides, as well as large amounts of toxic metals. This study helps in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the accumulation and detoxification of silver and cobalt. Elemental distribution inside Coccomyxa actinabiotis cells was determined using synchrotron nano X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy at the ID22 nano fluorescence imaging beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The high resolution and high sensitivity of this technique enabled the assessment of elemental associations and exclusions in subcellular micro-algae compartments. A quantitative treatment of the scans was implemented to yield absolute concentrations of each endogenous and exogenous element with a spatial resolution of 100 nm and compared to the macroscopic content in cobalt and silver determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The nano X-ray fluorescence imaging was complemented by transmission electron microscopy coupled to X-ray microanalysis (TEM-EDS), yielding differential silver distribution in the cell wall, cytosol, nucleus, chloroplast and mitochondria with unique resolution. The analysis of endogenous elements in control cells revealed that iron had a unique distribution; zinc, potassium, manganese, molybdenum, and phosphate had their maxima co-localized in the same area; and sulfur, copper and chlorine were almost homogeneously distributed among the whole cell. The subcellular distribution and quantification of cobalt and silver in micro-alga, assessed after controlled exposure to various concentrations, revealed that exogenous metals were mainly sequestered inside the cell rather than on mucilage or the cell wall, with preferential compartmentalization. Cobalt was homogeneously distributed outside of the chloroplast. Silver was localized in the cytosol at low concentration and in the whole cell excluding the nucleus at high concentration. Exposure to low concentrations of cobalt or silver did not alter the localization nor the concentration of endogenous elements within the cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report on element co-localization and segregation at the sub-cellular level in micro-algae by means of synchrotron nano X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Leonardo
- CEA, IRTSV, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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Abstract
Chromium is ubiquitous in the environment as Cr(III) and Cr(VI) oxidation states, which interconvert under environmentally and biologically relevant conditions (although Cr(III) usually predominates). While Cr(VI) is an established human carcinogen and a major occupational and environmental hazard, Cr(III) has long been regarded as an essential human micronutrient, although recent literature has cast serious doubts on the validity of this postulate. Despite five decades of research, no functional Cr-containing enzymes or cofactors have been characterized conclusively, and several hypotheses on their possible structures have been refuted. Gastrointestinal absorption pathways for both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) are apparent and whole-blood speciation can involve Cr(VI) uptake and reduction by red blood cells, as well as Cr(III) binding to both proteins and low-molecular-mass ligands in the plasma. DNA-damaging effects of Cr(VI) and anti-diabetic activities of Cr(III) are likely to arise from common mechanistic pathways that involve reactive Cr(VI/V/IV) intermediates and kinetically inert Cr(III)-protein and Cr(III)-DNA adducts. Both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) are toxic to plants and microorganisms, particularly Cr(VI) due to its higher bioavailability and redox chemistry. Some bacteria reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) without the formation of toxic Cr(V) intermediates and these bacteria are being considered for use in the bioremediation of Cr(VI)-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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Karimi MA, Lee E, Bachmann MH, Salicioni AM, Behrens EM, Kambayashi T, Baldwin CL. Measuring cytotoxicity by bioluminescence imaging outperforms the standard chromium-51 release assay. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89357. [PMID: 24586714 PMCID: PMC3929704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromium-release assay developed in 1968 is still the most commonly used method to measure cytotoxicity by T cells and by natural killer cells. Target cells are loaded in vitro with radioactive chromium and lysis is determined by measuring chromium in the supernatant released by dying cells. Since then, alternative methods have been developed using different markers of target cell viability that do not involve radioactivity. Here, we compared and contrasted a bioluminescence (BLI)-based cytotoxicity assay to the standard radioactive chromium-release assay using an identical set of effector cells and tumor target cells. For this, we stably transduced several human and murine tumor cell lines to express luciferase. When co-cultured with cytotoxic effector cells, highly reproducible decreases in BLI were seen in an effector to target cell dose-dependent manner. When compared to results obtained from the chromium release assay, the performance of the BLI-based assay was superior, because of its robustness, increased signal-to-noise ratio, and faster kinetics. The reduced/delayed detection of cytotoxicity by the chromium release method was attributable to the association of chromium with structural components of the cell, which are released quickly by detergent solubilization but not by hypotonic lysis. We conclude that the (BLI)-based measurement of cytotoxicity offers a superior non-radioactive alternative to the chromium-release assay that is more robust and quicker to perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobin A. Karimi
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eric Lee
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Bachmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ana Maria Salicioni
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Edward M. Behrens
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cynthia L. Baldwin
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Volland S, Bayer E, Baumgartner V, Andosch A, Lütz C, Sima E, Lütz-Meindl U. Rescue of heavy metal effects on cell physiology of the algal model system Micrasterias by divalent ions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:154-63. [PMID: 24331431 PMCID: PMC3929167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that metals such as copper, zinc, aluminum, cadmium, chromium, iron and lead cause severe dose-dependent disturbances in growth, morphogenesis, photosynthetic and respiratory activity as well as on ultrastructure and function of organelles in the algal model system Micrasterias denticulata (Volland et al., 2011, 2012; Andosch et al., 2012). In the present investigation we focus on amelioration of these adverse effects of cadmium, chromium and lead by supplying the cells with different antioxidants and essential micronutrients to obtain insight into metal uptake mechanisms and subcellular metal targets. This seems particularly interesting as Micrasterias is adapted to extremely low-concentrated, oligotrophic conditions in its natural bog environment. The divalent ions of iron, zinc and calcium were able to diminish the effects of the metals cadmium, chromium and lead on Micrasterias. Iron showed most ameliorating effects on cadmium and chromium in short- and long-term treatments and improved cell morphogenesis, ultrastructure, cell division rates and photosynthesis. Analytical transmission electron microscopic (TEM) methods (electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI)) revealed that chromium uptake was decreased when Micrasterias cells were pre-treated with iron, which resulted in no longer detectable intracellular chromium accumulations. Zinc rescued the detrimental effects of chromium on net-photosynthesis, respiration rates and electron transport in PS II. Calcium and gadolinium were able to almost completely compensate the inhibiting effects of lead and cadmium on cell morphogenesis after mitosis, respectively. These results indicate that cadmium is taken up by calcium and iron transporters, whereas chromium appears to enter the algae cells via iron and zinc carriers. It was shown that lead is not taken up into Micrasterias at all but exerts its adverse effects on cell growth by substituting cell wall bound calcium. The antioxidants salicylic acid, ascorbic acid and glutathione were not able to ameliorate any of the investigated metal effects on the green alga Micrasterias when added to the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Volland
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Bayer
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Baumgartner
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ancuela Andosch
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cornelius Lütz
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Evelyn Sima
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ursula Lütz-Meindl
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Qian H, Sun Z, Sun L, Jiang Y, Wei Y, Xie J, Fu Z. Phosphorus availability changes chromium toxicity in the freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:885-91. [PMID: 23786815 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is one of the most serious pollutants in aquatic systems. This study examined the relationship between the toxic effects of Cr on the freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris and phosphorus (P) availability on the algal physiology and ultrastructure. Cr inhibited C. vulgaris growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and its inhibitory effect was related to the P concentration. In a low-P medium, Cr showed approximately 2.2-3.7-fold stronger toxicity than in a high-P medium. Cr was absorbed into the algal body where it disrupted the chloroplast structure and decreased the chlorophyll content. However, Cr had a weaker chlorophyll inhibitory ability and destructive power against the chloroplasts in the high-P medium than in the low-P medium due to the partial blockage of Cr absorption in high P-medium. Cr exposure also changed the metal ion and anion absorption profiles, which was also closely related to the concentration of P. Cr treatment increased the volume of the vacuole, and the larger vacuole reduced the space available for chloroplasts, as based on optical and electron microscopy results, but a higher P availability could alleviate this damage. These results suggest that high P alleviated the toxicity of Cr by decreasing Cr absorption and increasing the absorption of beneficial ions. It is, therefore, necessary to consider the phosphorus availability when the toxicity of metal compounds is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Qian
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, People's Republic of China
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43
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Qiu B, Zeng F, Cai S, Wu X, Haider SI, Wu F, Zhang G. Alleviation of chromium toxicity in rice seedlings by applying exogenous glutathione. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:772-779. [PMID: 23523466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of exogenous reduced glutathione (GSH) on alleviation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(6+)) toxicity to rice seedlings and its physiological mechanisms were comprehensively investigated in a series of experiments. Our results showed that growth and nutrient uptake of rice seedlings were dramatically reduced under 100 μM Cr(6+) stress, and the reduction was significantly alleviated by exogenous GSH. Cr(6+) stress also reduced cell viability in root tips and damaged ultrastructure of both chloroplasts and root cells, while the addition of GSH alleviates those negative effects. Cr-induced toxicity and GSH-caused Cr alleviation differed significantly between Cr-tolerant Line 117 (L117) and Cr-sensitive Line 41 (L41). Under Cr(6+) stress, cystine content was increased and GSH content was decreased in rice plants, exogenous GSH, however, mitigated the Cr-toxicity by reversing the Cr-induced changes of the two compounds. The types of Cr-induced secretion of organic acids varied between the genotypes, where reduction in the contents of acetic and lactic acids and tartaric and malic acids were observed in L117 and L41, respectively. The addition of GSH alleviated the reduction of secretion of these organic acids. Exogenous GSH also altered the forms of Cr ions in the rhizosphere and the fraction of distribution at subcellular level in both shoots and roots. It may be concluded that the alleviation of Cr(6+) toxicity by exogenous GSH is directly attributed to its regulation on forms of Cr ions in rhizosphere and their distribution at subcellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyin Qiu
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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44
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Volland S, Schaumlöffel D, Dobritzsch D, Krauss GJ, Lütz-Meindl U. Identification of phytochelatins in the cadmium-stressed conjugating green alga Micrasterias denticulata. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:448-454. [PMID: 23266414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments like peat bogs are affected by anthropogenic metal input into the environment. These ecosystems are inhabited by unicellular green algae of the class Zygnematophyceae. In this study the desmid Micrasterias denticulata was stressed with 600 nM Cd, 10 μM Cr and 300 nM Cu for 3 weeks. GSH levels were measured with HPLC and did not differ between the different treatments or the control. According to the metallo-thiolomics concept, mass spectrometry was used as a method for unambiguous thiol peptide identification. PC2, PC3 and PC4 were clearly identified in the Cd stressed sample with UPLC-MS by their MS spectrum and molecular masses. PC2 and PC3 were determined to be the main thiol compounds, while PC4 was only abundant in traces in Micrasterias. In addition, the identity of PC2 and PC3 was confirmed by MS/MS. No PCs were detected in the Cu stressed algae sample. However, in the Cr stressed sample traces of PC2 were indicated by a peak in UPLC-MS at the retention time of the PC2 standard, but the intensity was too low to acquire reliable MS and MS/MS spectra. In this study PCs have been detected for the first time in a green alga of the division Streptophyta, a close relative to higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Volland
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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45
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Koffler BE, Bloem E, Zellnig G, Zechmann B. High resolution imaging of subcellular glutathione concentrations by quantitative immunoelectron microscopy in different leaf areas of Arabidopsis. Micron 2012; 45:119-28. [PMID: 23265941 PMCID: PMC3553553 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione is an important antioxidant and redox buffer in plants. It fulfills many important roles during plant development, defense and is essential for plant metabolism. Even though the compartment specific roles of glutathione during abiotic and biotic stress situations have been studied in detail there is still great lack of knowledge about subcellular glutathione concentrations within the different leaf areas at different stages of development. In this study a method is described that allows the calculation of compartment specific glutathione concentrations in all cell compartments simultaneously in one experiment by using quantitative immunogold electron microscopy combined with biochemical methods in different leaf areas of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (center of the leaf, leaf apex, leaf base and leaf edge). The volume of subcellular compartments in the mesophyll of Arabidopsis was found to be similar to other plants. Vacuoles covered the largest volume within a mesophyll cell and increased with leaf age (up to 80% in the leaf apex of older leaves). Behind vacuoles, chloroplasts covered the second largest volume (up to 20% in the leaf edge of the younger leaves) followed by nuclei (up to 2.3% in the leaf edge of the younger leaves), mitochondria (up to 1.6% in the leaf apex of the younger leaves), and peroxisomes (up to 0.3% in the leaf apex of the younger leaves). These values together with volumes of the mesophyll determined by stereological methods from light and electron micrographs and global glutathione contents measured with biochemical methods enabled the determination of subcellular glutathione contents in mM. Even though biochemical investigations did not reveal differences in global glutathione contents, compartment specific differences could be observed in some cell compartments within the different leaf areas. Highest concentrations of glutathione were always found in mitochondria, where values in a range between 8.7 mM (in the apex of younger leaves) and 15.1 mM (in the apex of older leaves) were found. The second highest amount of glutathione was found in nuclei (between 5.5 mM and 9.7 mM in the base and the center of younger leaves, respectively) followed by peroxisomes (between 2.6 mM in the edge of younger leaves and 4.8 mM in the base of older leaves, respectively) and the cytosol (2.8 mM in the edge of younger and 4.5 mM in the center of older leaves, respectively). Chloroplasts contained rather low amounts of glutathione (between 1 mM and 1.4 mM). Vacuoles had the lowest concentrations of glutathione (0.01 mM and 0.14 mM) but showed large differences between the different leaf areas. Clear differences in glutathione contents between the different leaf areas could only be found in vacuoles and mitochondria revealing that glutathione in the later cell organelle accumulated with leaf age to concentrations of up to 15 mM and that concentrations of glutathione in vacuoles are quite low in comparison to the other cell compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Koffler
- University of Graz, Institute of Plant Sciences, Schubertstrasse 51, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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