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Wu H, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Zheng G, Geng Q, Tan Z. Immune and physiological responses of Mytilus unguiculatus to Alexandrium spp. with varying paralytic shellfish toxin profiles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173483. [PMID: 38796022 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The innate immunity of bivalves serves as the initial defense mechanism against environmental pollutants, ultimately impacting genetic regulatory networks through synergistic interactions. Previous research has demonstrated variations in the accumulation and tolerance capacities of bivalves; however, the specific mechanism underlying the low accumulation of PSTs in M. unguiculatus remains unclear. This study examined the alterations in feeding behavior and transcriptional regulation of M. unguiculatus following exposure to two Alexandrium strains with distinct toxin profiles, specifically gonyautoxin (AM) and N-sulfocarbamoyl toxin (AC). The total accumulation rate of PSTs in M. unguiculatus was 43.64 % (AC) and 27.80 % (AM), with highest PSTs content in the AM group (455.39 μg STXeq/kg). There were significant variations (P < 0.05) in physiological parameters, such as total hemocyte count, antioxidant superoxide activity and tissue damage in both groups. The absorption rate was identified as the key factor influencing toxin accumulation. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that PSTs triggered upregulation of endocytosis, lysosome, and immune-related signaling pathways. Furthermore, PSTs induced a nucleotide imbalance in the AC group, with total PSTs content serving as the most toxic indicator. These results suggested that protein-like substances had a crucial role in the stress response of M. unguiculatus to PSTs. This study provided novel perspectives on the impacts of intricate regulatory mechanisms and varying immune responses to PSTs in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuecong Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guanchao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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2
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Vicentini M, Calado SLM, Pessati JBK, Perussolo MC, Lirola JR, Marcondes FR, Nascimento ND, Beghetto CL, Vilar MCP, Mela M, Coral LAA, Magalhães VF, Prodocimo V, Cestari MM, Silva de Assis HC. Temperature rise and its influence on the toxic effects caused by cyanotoxins in a neotropical catfish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 353:124166. [PMID: 38754694 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Potentially toxic cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) have become a problem in public water supply reservoirs. Temperature rise caused by climate change can increase the frequency and intensity of blooms, which may influence the cyanotoxins concentration in the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the temperature on the responses of a Neotropical catfish exposed to a neurotoxin-rich cyanobacterial crude extract (Raphidiopsis raciborskii T3). Juveniles of Rhamdia quelen were exposed to four treatments, based on study data: control at 25 °C (C25), control at 30 °C (C30), crude extract equivalent to 105 cells.mL-l of R. raciborskii at 25 °C (CE25) and 30 °C (CE30). After 96 h of exposure, the fish were anesthetized and blood was taken. After euthanasia, the gill, posterior kidney, brain, muscle, liver and gonad were sampled for hematological, biochemical, genotoxic and histopathological biomarker analysis. Liver was sampled for proteomic analysis for identification of proteins related to energy production. Water samples were collected at the beginning and the end of the experiment for neurotoxins quantification. Different parameters in both males and females were altered at CE25, evidencing the effects of neurotoxins in freshwater fish. At CE30, a water warming scenario, more effects were observed in females than at 25 °C, such as activation of saxitoxin metabolism pathway and genotoxicity. More damage to macromolecules was observed in females at the higher temperature, demonstrating that the increase in temperature can aggravate the toxicity of neurotoxins produced by R. raciborskii T3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Vicentini
- Post Graduation Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sabrina L M Calado
- Post Graduation Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Maiara C Perussolo
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil; Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Camila L Beghetto
- Chemistry and Biology Department, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mauro C P Vilar
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maritana Mela
- Cell Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucila A A Coral
- Chemistry and Biology Department, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Brazil
| | - Valéria F Magalhães
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Greenhough H, Smith KF, Kenny NJ, Rolton A. Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate, Alexandrium pacificum, on the marine diatom, Chaetoceros muelleri, and mussel (Perna canaliculus) sperm and hemocytes. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106630. [PMID: 38964247 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Alexandrium pacificum have affected the Marlborough Sounds in New Zealand since 2010, posing a threat to green-lipped mussel (GLM, Perna canaliculus) farming. Previous studies have shown A. pacificum has negative effects GLM embryos and larvae. To further investigate these toxic mechanisms, in vitro bioassays were conducted on GLM spermatozoa, hemocytes, and the diatom, Chaetoceros muelleri. The three cell types were exposed to several treatments of A. pacificum for 2 h and responses were measured using flow cytometry and pulse amplitude-modulated fluorometry. Significant spermatozoa mortality was recorded in treatments containing A. pacificum cells or fragments, while hemocyte and C. muelleri mortality was recorded in cell-free treatments of A. pacificum which contained paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). Variation in sensitivity between cell types as well as the sublethal effects observed, emphasise the diverse toxic mechanisms of A. pacificum on co-occurring species in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Greenhough
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand; Department of Biochemistry Te Tari Matū Koiora, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand.
| | - Kirsty F Smith
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Nathan J Kenny
- Department of Biochemistry Te Tari Matū Koiora, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Anne Rolton
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand.
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4
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Guinle C, Núñez-Vázquez EJ, Fernández-Herrera LJ, Corona-Rojas DA, Tovar-Ramírez D. Toxicogenomic Effects of Dissolved Saxitoxin on the Early Life Stages of the Longfin Yellowtail ( Seriola rivoliana). Mar Drugs 2023; 21:597. [PMID: 37999421 PMCID: PMC10671919 DOI: 10.3390/md21110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can produce a variety of noxious effects and, in some cases, the massive mortality of wild and farmed marine organisms. Some HAB species produce toxins that are released into seawater or transferred via food webs (particulate toxin fraction). The objective of the present study was to identify the toxicological effects of subacute exposure to saxitoxin (STX) during embryonic and early larval stages in Seriola rivoliana. Eggs were exposed to dissolved 19 STX (100 μg L-1). The toxic effects of STX were evaluated via the hatching percentage, the activity of three enzymes (protein and alkaline phosphatases and peroxidase), and the expression of four genes (HSF2, Nav1.4b, PPRC1, and DUSP8). A low hatching percentage (less than 5%) was observed in 44 hpf (hours post fertilization) embryos exposed to STX compared to 71% in the unexposed control. At this STX concentration, no oxidative stress in the embryos was evident. However, STX induced the expression of the NaV1.4 channel α-subunit (NaV1.4b), which is the primary target of this toxin. Our results revealed the overexpression of all four candidate genes in STX-intoxicated lecithotrophic larvae, reflecting the activation of diverse cellular processes involved in stress responses (HSF2), lipid metabolism (PPRC1), and MAP kinase signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation and differentiation (DUSP8). The effects of STX were more pronounced in young larvae than in embryos, indicating a stage-specific sensitivity to the toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Guinle
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada y Genómica Funcional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195 Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, Mexico; (C.G.); (D.A.C.-R.)
| | - Erick Julián Núñez-Vázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Laboratorio de Toxinas Marinas y Aminoácidos, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195 Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, Mexico;
| | - Leyberth José Fernández-Herrera
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Laboratorio de Toxinas Marinas y Aminoácidos, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195 Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, Mexico;
| | - Daniela Alejandra Corona-Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada y Genómica Funcional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195 Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, Mexico; (C.G.); (D.A.C.-R.)
| | - Dariel Tovar-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada y Genómica Funcional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195 Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, Mexico; (C.G.); (D.A.C.-R.)
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Beauclercq S, Grenier O, Arnold AA, Warschawski DE, Wikfors GH, Genard B, Tremblay R, Marcotte I. Metabolomics and lipidomics reveal the effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella on immune cells of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 129:102529. [PMID: 37951624 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of harmful algal blooms, mostly of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella in Canada, profoundly disrupts mussel aquaculture. These filter-feeding shellfish feed on A. catenella and accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins, such as saxitoxin, in tissues, making them unsafe for human consumption. Algal toxins also have detrimental effects upon several physiological functions in mussels, but particularly on the activity of hemocytes - the mussel immune cells. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of experimental exposure to A. catenella upon hemocyte metabolism and activity in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. To do so, mussels were exposed to cultures of the toxic dinoflagellate A. catenella for 120 h. The resulting mussel saxitoxin load had measurable effects upon survival of hemocytes and induced a stress response measured as increased ROS production. The neutral lipid fraction of mussel hemocytes decreased two-fold, suggesting a differential use of lipids. Metabolomic 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis showed that A. catenella modified the energy metabolism of hemocytes as well as hemocyte osmolyte composition. The modified energy metabolism was reenforced by contrasting plasma metabolomes between control and exposed mussels, suggesting that the blue mussel may reduce feed assimilation when exposed to A. catenella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Beauclercq
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Grenier
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dror E Warschawski
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, CNRS UMR 7203, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Gary H Wikfors
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC), NOAA Fisheries, Milford, CT, USA
| | - Bertrand Genard
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada; Les laboratoires Iso-BioKem Inc., 367 rue Gratien-Gélinas, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Marcotte
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Flores-Chavarria A, Rodríguez-Jaramillo C, Band-Schmidt CJ, Hernández-Sandoval FE, Núñez-Vázquez E, Bustillos-Guzmán JJ. Effect of dissolved metabolites of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (Graham, 1943) on the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931): A histological study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17018. [PMID: 37484312 PMCID: PMC10361116 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful algae blooms (HABs) are a conspicuous phenomenon that affect the coastal zone worldwide. Aquaculture industry zones are not excluded from being affected by HAB that cause organism mortality and jeopardize their innocuity due to the contamination by phytotoxins with the concomitant economic losses. Direct ingestion of metabolites from HAB species or organisms contaminated with phycotoxins together with dermal absorption of dissolved metabolites (DM), including toxins, are the two main routes of poisoning. From these poisoning routes, the effect of DM, particularly paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), has been relatively understudied. This intoxication route can be conspicuous and could be involved in many significant mortalities of cultivated marine organisms. In this study, white shrimp juveniles (2.1 g wet weight) of Litopenaeus vannamei were exposed to extracts of 104, 105 and 106 cells/L of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum, a PST producer. The experiment ended after 17 h of exposure when shrimps exposed to 106 cells/L extract started to die and the rest of the shrimps, from this and other treatments, did not respond to gentle physical stimulus and their swimming activity was low and erratic. Toxin concentrations were determined using high performance liquid chromatography while qualitative and quantitative histological damages were assessed on the tissues. In general, most toxins were accumulated in the hepatopancreas where more than 90% were found. Other tissues such as intestine, muscle, and gills contained less than 10% of toxins. Compared to the control, the main significative tissue damages were, loss of up to 80% of the nerve cord, 40% of the muscle coverage area, and reduction of the gill lamella width. Also, atrophy in hepatopancreas was observed, manifested by a decrease in the height of B cells, lumen degeneration and thinning of tubules. Some damages were more evident when shrimps were exposed to higher concentrated extracts of G. catenatum, however, not all damages were progressive and proportional to the extract concentration. These data confirm that PST dissolved enter the shrimp, possibly via the gills, and suggest that dissolved metabolites, including PST, may cause tissue damage. Other dissolved metabolites produced by G. catenatum, alone or in synergy, may also be involved. These results also pointed out the importance of dissolved molecules produced for this dinoflagellate and the potential effect on cultured shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Flores-Chavarria
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Jaramillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Christine J. Band-Schmidt
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Francisco E. Hernández-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Erick Núñez-Vázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - José J. Bustillos-Guzmán
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
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7
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Kim MJ, Kim JA, Lee DW, Park YS, Kim JH, Choi CY. Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Disk Abalone ( Haliotis discus hannai) Caused by Water Temperature and pH Changes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051003. [PMID: 37237869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocean warming and acidification can induce oxidative stress in marine species, resulting in cellular damage and apoptosis. However, the effects of pH and water temperature conditions on oxidative stress and apoptosis in disk abalone are poorly understood. This study investigated, for the first time, the effects of different water temperatures (15, 20, and 25 °C) and pH levels (7.5 and 8.1) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in disk abalone by estimating levels of H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the apoptosis-related gene caspase-3. We also visually confirmed apoptotic effects of different water temperatures and pH levels via in situ hybridization and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays. The levels of H2O2, MDA, SOD, CAT, and caspase-3 increased under low/high water temperature and/or low pH conditions. Expression of the genes was high under high temperature and low pH conditions. Additionally, the apoptotic rate was high under high temperatures and low pH conditions. These results indicate that changes in water temperature and pH conditions individually and in combination trigger oxidative stress in abalone, which can induce cell death. Specifically, high temperatures induce apoptosis by increasing the expression of the apoptosis-related gene caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ju Kim
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin A Kim
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Won Lee
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Park
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
- Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Nie H, Yin Z, Yan X. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed dynamic changes of distinct classes of genes during development of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:676. [PMID: 36175832 PMCID: PMC9524096 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Manila clam Ruditapesphilippinarum is one of the most economically important marine shellfish. However, the molecular mechanisms of early development in Manila clams are largely unknown. In this study, we collected samples from 13 stages of early development in Manila clam and compared the mRNA expression pattern between samples by RNA-seq techniques. Results We applied RNA-seq technology to 13 embryonic and larval stages of the Manila clam to identify critical genes and pathways involved in their development and biological characteristics. Important genes associated with different morphologies during the early fertilized egg, cell division, cell differentiation, hatching, and metamorphosis stages were identified. We detected the highest number of differentially expressed genes in the comparison of the pediveliger and single pipe juvenile stages, which is a time when biological characteristics greatly change during metamorphosis. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that expression levels of microtubule protein-related molecules and Rho genes were upregulated and that GO terms such as ribosome, translation, and organelle were enriched in the early development stages of the Manila clam. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the foxo, wnt, and transforming growth factor-beta pathways were significantly enriched during early development. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms at work during different periods of early development of Manila clams. Conclusion These transcriptomic data provide clues to the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of Manila clam larvae. These results will help to improve Manila clam reproduction and development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08813-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Hongtao Nie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China.
| | - Zhihui Yin
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Xiwu Yan
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China
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9
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Zhang H, Li P, Wu B, Hou J, Ren J, Zhu Y, Xu J, Si F, Sun Z, Liu X. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the genes involved in tetrodotoxin (TTX) accumulation, translocation, and detoxification in the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134962. [PMID: 35580645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent marine neurotoxin that exists in a variety of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Pufferfish in different habitats show great variation in their TTX contents. Exploring the genes involved in TTX metabolism could contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TTX accumulation, translocation, and detoxification in pufferfish. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was used to identify the functional genes related to TTX metabolism in the blood, liver, and muscle of the toxic and non-toxic tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes). A total of 6101 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained after transcriptomic analysis; of these, 2401 were identified in the blood, 2262 in the liver, and 1438 in the muscle. After enrichment analysis, fourteen genes encoding glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thioredoxins (TXNs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ATP-binding cassettes (ABCs), apolipoproteins (APOs), inhibitors of apoptosis protein (IAP), and solute carrier (SLC), which are mainly antioxidant enzymes, membrane transporters, or anti-apoptotic factors, were revealed in the blood. Thirty-six genes encoding SLCs, ABCs, long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligases (ACSLs), interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer (IL6ST), endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) were involved in transmembrane transporter activity and innate immune response. Notably, a large number of slc genes were found to play critical and diverse roles in TTX accumulation and translocation in the liver of T. rubripes. Nine genes from the slc, hsp70, complement C5 (c5), acsl, er, and serpin peptidase inhibitor (serpin) gene families were found to participate in the regulation of protein processing and anti-apoptosis. These results reflect the diverse functions of genes closely related to TTX accumulation, translocation, and detoxification in T. rubripes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China.
| | - Peizhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Biyin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Jilun Hou
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066100, China
| | - Jiangong Ren
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066100, China
| | - Youxiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Fei Si
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066100, China
| | - Zhaohui Sun
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066100, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066100, China
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10
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de la Ballina NR, Maresca F, Cao A, Villalba A. Bivalve Haemocyte Subpopulations: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826255. [PMID: 35464425 PMCID: PMC9024128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bivalve molluscs stand out for their ecological success and their key role in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, while also constituting a very valuable commercial resource. Both ecological success and production of bivalves depend on their effective immune defence function, in which haemocytes play a central role acting as both the undertaker of the cellular immunity and supplier of the humoral immunity. Bivalves have different types of haemocytes, which perform different functions. Hence, identification of cell subpopulations and their functional characterisation in immune responses is essential to fully understand the immune system in bivalves. Nowadays, there is not a unified nomenclature that applies to all bivalves. Characterisation of bivalve haemocyte subpopulations is often combined with 1) other multiple parameter assays to determine differences between cell types in immune-related physiological activities, such as phagocytosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis; and 2) immune response to different stressors such as pathogens, temperature, acidification and pollution. This review summarises the major and most recent findings in classification and functional characterisation of the main haemocyte types of bivalve molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria R. de la Ballina
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Francesco Maresca
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar, Universidade de Évora, Sines, Portugal
| | - Asunción Cao
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Antonio Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Antonio Villalba,
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11
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Saxitoxin Group Toxins Accumulation Induces Antioxidant Responses in Tissues of Mytilus chilensis, Ameghinomya antiqua, and Concholepas concholepas during a Bloom of Alexandrium pacificum. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020392. [PMID: 35204273 PMCID: PMC8869173 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Saxitoxin (STX) group toxins consist of a set of analogues which are produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs). During a HAB, filter-feeding marine organisms accumulate the dinoflagellates and concentrate the toxins in the tissues. In this study, we analyze the changes in antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage in the bivalves Mytilus chilensis and Ameghinomya antiqua, and the gastropod Concholepas concholepas during a bloom of Alexandrium pacificum. The results show that during the exponential phase of the bloom bivalves show an increase in toxicity and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathinoe reductase, p < 0.05), while in the gastropods, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes was associated with the bioaccumulation of toxins through the diet. At the end of the bloom, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes in the visceral and non-visceral tissues was detected in the bivalves, with an increase in oxidative damage (p < 0.05), in which the latter is correlated with the detection of the most toxic analogues of the STX-group (r = 0.988). In conclusion, in areas with high incidence of blooms, shellfish show a high activity of antioxidants, however, during the stages involving the distribution and bioconversion of toxins, there is decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes resulting in oxidative damage.
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12
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Tian Y, Pan L, Miao J, Lei F, Xu R, Zhang X. The mechanism of apoptosis of Chlamys farreri hemocytes under benzopyrene stress in vitro. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148731. [PMID: 34217077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hemocytes are critical to the immune defense system of bivalves, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can mediate the immunity of bivalves by affecting the apoptosis of hemocytes. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Chlamys farreri, as an important economic bivalve, was selected as the research subject for this experimentation. The hemocytes were exposed to typical PAHs-benzopyrene (B[a]P) in vitro to explore the apoptosis mechanism through detecting oxidative stress and oxidative damage-related indicators, apoptosis pathway factors, and apoptosis rate within 24 h. The results showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) content in hemocytes increased significantly under B[a]P exposure, while antioxidant genes, glutathione peroxidase content and total antioxidant capacity all showed a trend of first rising and subsequent falling. B[a]P also caused serious damage to DNA and lysosomal membrane stability. The proapoptotic factors genes in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were significantly up-regulated, and the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated. Besides, mitochondrial membrane potential stability was significantly reduced and caspase 9 enzyme activity was significantly improved with the B[a]P stimulation. The factors of death receptor pathway were also significantly up-regulated by B[a]P. Moreover, the expression levels of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases were also induced. The gene expression and enzyme activity of the caspase 3 and the apoptosis rate were significantly increased under B[a]P exposure. In conclusion, these results indicated that ROS was induced by B[a]P, and further triggered the oxidative stress and oxidative damage in hemocytes. B[a]P induced hemocyte apoptosis was mediated by both mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and death receptor apoptosis, and the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was affected by ROS. In addition, BPDE and MAPKs may play important roles in the B[a]P-mediated apoptosis pathway. This study deepens understanding of the apoptosis pathway and the immunotoxicity mechanism in bivalves hemocytes stimulated by persistent organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Fengjun Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ruiyi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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13
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Bianchi VA, Bickmeyer U, Tillmann U, Krock B, Müller A, Abele D. In Vitro Effects of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins and Lytic Extracellular Compounds Produced by Alexandrium Strains on Hemocyte Integrity and Function in Mytilus edulis. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:544. [PMID: 34437415 PMCID: PMC8402557 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful effects caused by the exposure to paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs) on bivalves are frequently difficult to attribute to one or the other compound group. We evaluate and compare the distinct effects of PSTs extracted from Alexandrium catenella (Alex5) cells and extracellular lytic compounds (LCs) produced by A. tamarense (NX-57-08) on Mytilus edulis hemocytes. We used a 4 h dose-response in vitro approach and analyzed how these effects correlate with those observed in a previous in vivo feeding assay. Both bioactive compounds caused moderated cell death (10-15%), being dose-dependent for PST-exposed hemocytes. PSTs stimulated phagocytic activity at low doses, with a moderate incidence in lysosomal damage (30-50%) at all tested doses. LCs caused a dose-dependent impairment of phagocytic activity (up to 80%) and damage to lysosomal membranes (up to 90%). PSTs and LCs suppressed cellular ROS production and scavenged H2O2 in in vitro assays. Neither PSTs nor LCs affected the mitochondrial membrane potential in hemocytes. In vitro effects of PST extracts on M. edulis hemocytes were consistent with our previous study on in vivo exposure to PST-producing algae, while for LCs, in vivo and in vitro results were not as consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Angélica Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo)—CEAN, Ruta Provincial N° 61, Km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, Neuquén 8371, Argentina
| | - Ulf Bickmeyer
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Maine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; (U.B.); (U.T.); (B.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Urban Tillmann
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Maine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; (U.B.); (U.T.); (B.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Maine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; (U.B.); (U.T.); (B.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Annegret Müller
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Maine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; (U.B.); (U.T.); (B.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Doris Abele
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Maine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; (U.B.); (U.T.); (B.K.); (A.M.)
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14
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Estrada N, Núñez-Vázquez EJ, Palacios A, Ascencio F, Guzmán-Villanueva L, Contreras RG. In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins. Front Immunol 2021; 12:634497. [PMID: 33868255 PMCID: PMC8047078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential process for the immune system's development and homeostasis, enabling the remotion of infected or unnecessary cells. There are several PCD's types, depending on the molecular mechanisms, such as non-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory. Hemocytes are the main component of cellular immunity in bivalve mollusks. Numerous infectious microorganisms produce toxins that impair hemocytes functions, but there is little knowledge on the role of PCD in these cells. This study aims to evaluate in vitro whether marine toxins induce a particular type of PCD in hemocytes of the bivalve mollusk Crassostrea gigas during 4 h at 25°C. Hemocytes were incubated with two types of marine toxins: non-proteinaceous toxins from microalgae (saxitoxin, STX; gonyautoxins 2 and 3, GTX2/3; okadaic acid/dynophysistoxin-1, OA/DTX-1; brevetoxins 2 and 3, PbTx-2,-3; brevetoxin 2, PbTx-2), and proteinaceous extracts from bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vp; V. campbellii, Vc). Also, we used the apoptosis inducers, staurosporine (STP), and camptothecin (CPT). STP, CPT, STX, and GTX 2/3, provoked high hemocyte mortality characterized by apoptosis hallmarks such as phosphatidylserine translocation into the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, exacerbated chromatin condensation, DNA oligonucleosomal fragments, and variation in gene expression levels of apoptotic caspases 2, 3, 7, and 8. The mixture of PbTx-2,-3 also showed many apoptosis features; however, they did not show apoptotic DNA oligonucleosomal fragments. Likewise, PbTx-2, OA/DTX-1, and proteinaceous extracts from bacteria Vp, and Vc, induced a minor degree of cell death with high gene expression of the pro-inflammatory initiator caspase-1, which could indicate a process of pyroptosis-like PCD. Hemocytes could carry out both PCD types simultaneously. Therefore, marine toxins trigger PCD's signaling pathways in C. gigas hemocytes, depending on the toxin's nature, which appears to be highly conserved both structurally and functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Estrada
- Programa Cátedras CONACyT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Erick J. Núñez-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxinas Marinas y Aminoácidos, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Palacios
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Felipe Ascencio
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Laura Guzmán-Villanueva
- Programa Cátedras CONACyT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Rubén G. Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Zhu X, Zhang F, Lian S, Wang Y, Hu N, Chen X, Dai X, Hu X, Wang S, Bao Z. IAPs Gene Expansion in the Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis and Their Expression Profiles After Exposure to the Toxic Dinoflagellate. Front Physiol 2021; 12:633301. [PMID: 33613325 PMCID: PMC7893105 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.633301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are conserved regulators involved in cell cycle, cell migration, cell death, immunity and inflammation, should be due to the fact that they can assist with the ability to cope with different kinds of extrinsic or intrinsic stresses. Bivalve molluscs are well adapted to highly complex marine environments. As free-living filter feeders that may take toxic dinoflagellates as food, bivalves can accumulate and put up with significant levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). PSTs absorption and accumulation could have a deleterious effect on bivalves, causing negative impact on their feeding and digestion capabilities. In the present study, we analyzed IAP genes (PyIAPs) in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), a major fishery and aquaculture species in China. Forty-seven PyIAPs from five sub-families were identified, and almost half of the PyIAP genes were localized in clusters on two chromosomes. Several sites under positive selection was revealed in the significantly expanded sub-families BIRC4 and BIRC5. After exposure to PST-producing dinoflagellates, Alexandrium catenella, fourteen PyIAPs showed significant responses in hepatopancreas and kidney, and more than eighty-five percent of them were from the expanded sub-families BIRC4 and BIRC5. The regulation pattern of PyIAPs was similar between the two tissues, with more than half exhibited expression suppression within three days after exposure. In contrast to hepatopancreas, more acute changes of PyIAPs expression could be detected in kidney, suggesting the possible involvement of these PyIAPs in tissue-specific PST tolerance. These findings also imply the adaptive expansion of bivalve IAP genes in response to algae derived biotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanshan Lian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Naina Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoting Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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16
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Braga AC, Pereira V, Marçal R, Marques A, Guilherme S, Costa PR, Pacheco M. DNA damage and oxidative stress responses of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis to paralytic shellfish toxins under warming and acidification conditions - Elucidation on the organ-specificity. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 228:105619. [PMID: 32937230 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Commonly affected by changes in climate and environmental conditions, coastal areas are very dynamic environments where shellfish play an important ecological role. In this study, the oxidative stress and genotoxic responses of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) exposed to paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) - producing dinoflagellates Gymnodinium catenatum were evaluated under i) current conditions (CC: 19 °C; pH 8.0), ii) warming (W: 24 °C; pH 8.0), iii) acidification (A:19 °C; pH 7.6) and iv) combined effect of warming and acidification (WA: 24 °C; pH 7.6). Mussels were fed with G. catenatum for 5 days, and to a non-toxic diet during the following 10 days. A battery of oxidative stress biomarkers and comet assay was performed at the peak of toxin accumulation and at the end of the post-exposure phase. Under CC, gills and hepatopancreas displayed different responses/vulnerabilities and mechanisms to cope with PST. While gills presented a tendency for lipid peroxidation (LPO) and genetic damage (expressed by the Genetic Damage Indicator - GDI), hepatopancreas seems to better cope with the toxins, as no LPO was observed. However, the mechanisms involved in hepatopancreas protection were not enough to maintain DNA integrity. The absence of LPO, and the antioxidant system low responsiveness, suggests DNA damage was not oxidative. When exposed to toxic algae under W, toxin-modulated antioxidant responses were observed in both gills and hepatopancreas. Simultaneous exposure to the stressors highlighted gills susceptibility with a synergistic interaction increasing DNA damage. Exposure to toxic algae under A led to genotoxicity potentiation in both organs. The combined effect of WA did not cause relevant interactions in gills antioxidant responses, but stressors interactions impacted LPO and GDI. Antioxidant responses and LPO pointed out to be modulated by the environmental conditions in hepatopancreas, while GDI results support the dominance of toxin-triggered process. Overall, these results reveal that simultaneous exposure to warming, acidification and PSTs impairs mussel DNA integrity, compromising the genetic information due to the synergetic effects. Finally, this study highlights the increasing ecological risk of harmful algal blooms to Mytilus galloprovinciallis populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Braga
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Vitória Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Raquel Marçal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Marques
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro R Costa
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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17
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Lassudrie M, Hégaret H, Wikfors GH, da Silva PM. Effects of marine harmful algal blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: A review. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 108:103660. [PMID: 32145294 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves were long thought to be "symptomless carriers" of marine microalgal toxins to human seafood consumers. In the past three decades, science has come to recognize that harmful algae and their toxins can be harmful to grazers, including bivalves. Indeed, studies have shown conclusively that some microalgal toxins function as active grazing deterrents. When responding to marine Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) events, bivalves can reject toxic cells to minimize toxin and bioactive extracellular compound (BEC) exposure, or ingest and digest cells, incorporating nutritional components and toxins. Several studies have reported modulation of bivalve hemocyte variables in response to HAB exposure. Hemocytes are specialized cells involved in many functions in bivalves, particularly in immunological defense mechanisms. Hemocytes protect tissues by engulfing or encapsulating living pathogens and repair tissue damage caused by injury, poisoning, and infections through inflammatory processes. The effects of HAB exposure observed on bivalve cellular immune variables have raised the question of possible effects on susceptibility to infectious disease. As science has described a previously unrecognized diversity in microalgal bioactive substances, and also found a growing list of infectious diseases in bivalves, episodic reports of interactions between harmful algae and disease in bivalves have been published. Only recently, studies directed to understand the physiological and metabolic bases of these interactions have been undertaken. This review compiles evidence from studies of harmful algal effects upon bivalve shellfish that establishes a framework for recent efforts to understand how harmful algae can alter infectious disease, and particularly the fundamental role of cellular immunity, in modulating these interactions. Experimental studies reviewed here indicate that HABs can modulate bivalve-pathogen interactions in various ways, either by increasing bivalve susceptibility to disease or conversely by lessening infection proliferation or transmission. Alteration of immune defense and global physiological distress caused by HAB exposure have been the most frequent reasons identified for these effects on disease. Only few studies, however, have addressed these effects so far and a general pattern cannot be established. Other mechanisms are likely involved but are under-studied thus far and will need more attention in the future. In particular, the inhibition of bivalve filtration by HABs and direct interaction between HABs and infectious agents in the seawater likely interfere with pathogen transmission. The study of these interactions in the field and at the population level also are needed to establish the ecological and economical significance of the effects of HABs upon bivalve diseases. A more thorough understanding of these interactions will assist in development of more effective management of bivalve shellfisheries and aquaculture in oceans subjected to increasing HAB and disease pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- CNRS, Univ Brest, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Gary H Wikfors
- NOAA Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Milford, CT, 0640, USA
| | - Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Pathology of Invertebrates, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, Brazil
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18
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Chen G, Jia Z, Wang L, Hu T. Effect of acute exposure of saxitoxin on development of zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109432. [PMID: 32247151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a type of cyanobacterial toxins, saxitoxin (STX) is receiving great interest due to its increasing presence in waterbodies. However, the underlying mechanism of STX-induced adverse effect is poorly understood. Here, we examined the developmental toxicity and molecular mechanism induced by STX using zebrafish embryos as an animal model. The embryonic toxicity induced by STX was demonstrated by inhibition of embryo hatching, increase in mortality rate, abnormal heart rate, abnormalities in embryo morphology as well as defects in angiogenesis and common cardinal vein remodeling. STX induced embryonic DNA damage and cell apoptosis, which would be alleviated by antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Additionally, STX significantly increased reactive oxygen species level, catalase activity and malondialdehyde content and decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione content. STX also promoted the expression of vascular development-related genes DLL4 and VEGFC, and inhibited VEGFA expression. Furthermore, STX altered the transcriptional regulation of apoptosis-related genes (BAX, BCL-2, P53 and CASPASE 3). Taken together, STX induced adverse effect on development of zebrafish embryos, which might be associated with oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zimu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Linping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Tingzhang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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19
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Chetouhi C, Laabir M, Masseret E, Jean N. In silico prediction of the secretome from the invasive neurotoxic marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:571-580. [PMID: 31091000 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alexandrium catenella, a marine dinoflagellate responsible for harmful algal blooms (HABs), proliferates with greater frequency, distribution and intensity, in disturbed marine coastal ecosystems. The proteins secreted into seawater may play a crucial role in maintaining this dinoflagellate in these ecosystems, but this possibility has never been investigated before. In this study, the A. catenella secretome was predicted from its transcriptome by combining several bioinformatics tools. Our results predict a secretome of 2 779 proteins, among which 79% contain less than 500 amino acids, suggesting that most secreted proteins are short in length. The predicted secretome includes 963 proteins (35%) with Pfam domains: 773 proteins with one Pfam domain and 190 proteins with two or more Pfam domains. Their functional annotation showed that they are mainly involved in (i) proteolysis, (ii) stress responses and (iii) primary metabolism. In addition, 47% of the secreted proteins appear to be enzymes, primarily peptidases, known to be biologically active in the extracellular medium during stress responses. Finally, this study provides a wealth of candidates of proteins secreted by A. catenella, which may interact with the marine environment and help this dinoflagellate develop in various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherif Chetouhi
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Equipe Microbiologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, UM 110 CNRS/IRD Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CS 60584, 83 041 Toulon Cedex 9, France
| | - Mohammed Laabir
- Marbec, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Estelle Masseret
- Marbec, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Natacha Jean
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Equipe Microbiologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, UM 110 CNRS/IRD Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CS 60584, 83 041 Toulon Cedex 9, France
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A signal-on magnetic electrochemical immunosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of saxitoxin using palladium-doped graphitic carbon nitride-based non-competitive strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 128:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Calado SLDM, Santos GS, Wojciechowski J, Magalhães VFD, Silva de Assis HC. The accumulation dynamics, elimination and risk assessment of paralytic shellfish toxins in fish from a water supply reservoir. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:3222-3229. [PMID: 30463170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish Toxins (PSTs) or saxitoxins are neurotoxins that block the neural transmission by binding to the voltage-gated sodium channels in the nerve cells. There are >50 analogues described, which could be biotransformed into a molecular form of greater or lesser toxicity. The Alagados Reservoir is used for water supply, and persistent cyanobacterial blooms as well as PSTs concentrations have been found in this water body since 2002. The aims of this study were to quantify the concentrations of PSTs in the water and fish samples from the Alagados Reservoir. In addition, we evaluated the elimination of PSTs for 90 days in fish and estimated the potential risk to human health. Water and fish samples were collected from the reservoir. For the water samples the phytoplankton and chemical analyses were carried out. Fish were divided into two sample times: Field Samples (FS) and Elimination Experiment Samples (EES), which were maintained for 90 days in filtered and dechlorinated water. For chemical analysis, the muscles of FS were collected on the fish sampling day and the muscles and feces of EES were collected at 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days. PSTs concentrations were present in water and fish samples, and they were estimated as a potential risk to humans; mainly for children. In addition, toxins were accumulated, biotransformed to other analogues and excreted by the fish. However, after 90 days, the toxins were still present in the water and fish muscle. Therefore, PSTs can remain for a long period in water, and fish can be a carrier of these neurotoxins. New approaches of monitoring and management are necessary in the actual global context of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Loise de Morais Calado
- Ecology and Conservation Program Post-Graduation - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Souza Santos
- Ecology and Conservation Program Post-Graduation - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Wojciechowski
- Ecology and Conservation Program Post-Graduation - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Freitas de Magalhães
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Box 21941-902, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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22
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Brown ER, Cepeda MR, Mascuch SJ, Poulson-Ellestad KL, Kubanek J. Chemical ecology of the marine plankton. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1093-1116. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A review of chemically mediated interactions in planktonic marine environments covering new studies from January 2015 to December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Brown
- School of Biological Sciences
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology Center
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
| | - Marisa R. Cepeda
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology Center
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
| | - Samantha J. Mascuch
- School of Biological Sciences
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology Center
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
| | | | - Julia Kubanek
- School of Biological Sciences
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology Center
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
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Marine Microalgae: Promising Source for New Bioactive Compounds. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090317. [PMID: 30200664 PMCID: PMC6164378 DOI: 10.3390/md16090317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of marine natural products for their bioactive potential has gained strength in recent years. Oceans harbor a vast variety of organisms that offer a biological and chemical diversity with metabolic abilities unrivalled in terrestrial systems, which makes them an attractive target for bioprospecting as an almost untapped resource of biotechnological applications. Among them, there is no doubt that microalgae could become genuine “cell factories” for the biological synthesis of bioactive substances. Thus, in the course of inter-laboratory collaboration sponsored by the European Union (7th FP) into the MAREX Project focused on the discovery of novel bioactive compounds of marine origin for the European industry, a bioprospecting study on 33 microalgae strains was carried out. The strains were cultured at laboratory scale. Two extracts were prepared for each one (biomass and cell free culture medium) and, thus, screened to provide information on the antimicrobial, the anti-proliferative, and the apoptotic potential of the studied extracts. The outcome of this study provides additional scientific data for the selection of Alexandrium tamarensis WE, Gambierdiscus australes, Prorocentrum arenarium, Prorocentrum hoffmannianum, and Prorocentrum reticulatum (Pr-3) for further investigation and offers support for the continued research of new potential drugs for human therapeutics from cultured microalgae.
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Cao R, Wang D, Wei Q, Wang Q, Yang D, Liu H, Dong Z, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zhao J. Integrative Biomarker Assessment of the Influence of Saxitoxin on Marine Bivalves: A Comparative Study of the Two Bivalve Species Oysters, Crassostrea gigas, and Scallops, Chlamys farreri. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1173. [PMID: 30246779 PMCID: PMC6110902 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful algae blooms have expanded greatly in recent decades, and their secreted toxins pose a severe threat to human health and marine ecosystems. Saxitoxin (STX) is a main paralytic shellfish poison naturally produced by marine microalgae of the genus Alexandrium. Despite numerous studies have assessed the impacts of STX on marine bivalves, comparative in vivo study on the toxicity of STX on bivalves with distinct accumulation ability (such as oysters and scallops) has been seldom investigated. The aim of this study was to identify whether distinct sensitivity exists between oysters, Crassostrea gigas, and scallops, Chlamys farreri under the same amount of STX exposure using multiple biomarker responses. The responses of different biochemical markers including oxidative stress markers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and lipid peroxidation) and immunotoxicity biomarkers (hemocyte phagocytosis rate, reactive oxidative species production, and DNA damages) were evaluated in bivalves after 12, 48, and 96 h of exposure to STX. The integrated biomarker responses value combined with two-way ANOVA analysis suggested that STX posed slightly severer stress on scallops than oysters for the extended period of time. This study provided preliminary results on the usefulness of a multi-biomarker approach to assess the toxicity associated with STX exposure in marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Cao
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Qianyu Wei
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Zhijun Dong
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
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25
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Mat AM, Klopp C, Payton L, Jeziorski C, Chalopin M, Amzil Z, Tran D, Wikfors GH, Hégaret H, Soudant P, Huvet A, Fabioux C. Oyster transcriptome response to Alexandrium exposure is related to saxitoxin load and characterized by disrupted digestion, energy balance, and calcium and sodium signaling. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 199:127-137. [PMID: 29621672 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Harmful Algal Blooms are worldwide occurrences that can cause poisoning in human seafood consumers as well as mortality and sublethal effets in wildlife, propagating economic losses. One of the most widespread toxigenic microalgal taxa is the dinoflagellate Genus Alexandrium, that includes species producing neurotoxins referred to as PST (Paralytic Shellfish Toxins). Blooms cause shellfish harvest restrictions to protect human consumers from accumulated toxins. Large inter-individual variability in toxin load within an exposed bivalve population complicates monitoring of shellfish toxicity for ecology and human health regulation. To decipher the physiological pathways involved in the bivalve response to PST, we explored the whole transcriptome of the digestive gland of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas fed experimentally with a toxic Alexandrium minutum culture. The largest differences in transcript abundance were between oysters with contrasting toxin loads (1098 transcripts), rather than between exposed and non-exposed oysters (16 transcripts), emphasizing the importance of toxin load in oyster response to toxic dinoflagellates. Additionally, penalized regressions, innovative in this field, modeled accurately toxin load based upon only 70 transcripts. Transcriptomic differences between oysters with contrasting PST burdens revealed a limited suite of metabolic pathways affected, including ion channels, neuromuscular communication, and digestion, all of which are interconnected and linked to sodium and calcium exchanges. Carbohydrate metabolism, unconsidered previously in studies of harmful algal effects on shellfish, was also highlighted, suggesting energy challenge in oysters with high toxin loads. Associations between toxin load, genotype, and mRNA levels were revealed that open new doors for genetic studies identifying genetically-based low toxin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Mat
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - Laura Payton
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | | | - Morgane Chalopin
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Zouher Amzil
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - Damien Tran
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Gary H Wikfors
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, 212 Rogers Avenue, Milford, CT 06460, USA
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Caroline Fabioux
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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26
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Castrec J, Soudant P, Payton L, Tran D, Miner P, Lambert C, Le Goïc N, Huvet A, Quillien V, Boullot F, Amzil Z, Hégaret H, Fabioux C. Bioactive extracellular compounds produced by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum are highly detrimental for oysters. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 199:188-198. [PMID: 29653309 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp., known as producers of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), are regularly detected on the French coastline. PSTs accumulate into harvested shellfish species, such as the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and can cause strong disorders to consumers at high doses. The impacts of Alexandrium minutum on C. gigas have often been attributed to its production of PSTs without testing separately the effects of the bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs) with allelopathic, hemolytic, cytotoxic or ichthyotoxic properties, which can also be produced by these algae. The BECs, still uncharacterized, are excreted within the environment thereby impacting not only phytoplankton, zooplankton but also marine invertebrates and fishes, without implicating any PST. The aim of this work was to compare the effects of three strains of A. minutum producing either only PSTs, only BECs, or both PSTs and BECs, on the oyster C. gigas. Behavioral and physiological responses of oysters exposed during 4 days were monitored and showed contrasted behavioral and physiological responses in oysters supposedly depending on produced bioactive substances. The non-PST extracellular-compound-producing strain primarily strongly modified valve-activity behavior of C. gigas and induced hemocyte mobilization within the gills, whereas the PST-producing strain caused inflammatory responses within the digestive gland and disrupted the daily biological rhythm of valve activity behavior. BECs may therefore have a significant harmful effect on the gills, which is one of the first organ in contact with the extracellular substances released in the water by A. minutum. Conversely, the PSTs impact the digestive gland, where they are released and mainly accumulated, after degradation of algal cells during digestion process of bivalves. This study provides a better understanding of the toxicity of A. minutum on oyster and highlights the significant role of BECs in this toxicity calling for further chemical characterization of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Castrec
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - P Soudant
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - L Payton
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - D Tran
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - P Miner
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - C Lambert
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - N Le Goïc
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - A Huvet
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - V Quillien
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - F Boullot
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Z Amzil
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - H Hégaret
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - C Fabioux
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Destoumieux-Garzón D, Mavingui P, Boetsch G, Boissier J, Darriet F, Duboz P, Fritsch C, Giraudoux P, Le Roux F, Morand S, Paillard C, Pontier D, Sueur C, Voituron Y. The One Health Concept: 10 Years Old and a Long Road Ahead. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:14. [PMID: 29484301 PMCID: PMC5816263 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, a significant increase in the circulation of infectious agents was observed. With the spread and emergence of epizootics, zoonoses, and epidemics, the risks of pandemics became more and more critical. Human and animal health has also been threatened by antimicrobial resistance, environmental pollution, and the development of multifactorial and chronic diseases. This highlighted the increasing globalization of health risks and the importance of the human-animal-ecosystem interface in the evolution and emergence of pathogens. A better knowledge of causes and consequences of certain human activities, lifestyles, and behaviors in ecosystems is crucial for a rigorous interpretation of disease dynamics and to drive public policies. As a global good, health security must be understood on a global scale and from a global and crosscutting perspective, integrating human health, animal health, plant health, ecosystems health, and biodiversity. In this study, we discuss how crucial it is to consider ecological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences in understanding the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases and in facing the challenges of antimicrobial resistance. We also discuss the application of the "One Health" concept to non-communicable chronic diseases linked to exposure to multiple stresses, including toxic stress, and new lifestyles. Finally, we draw up a list of barriers that need removing and the ambitions that we must nurture for the effective application of the "One Health" concept. We conclude that the success of this One Health concept now requires breaking down the interdisciplinary barriers that still separate human and veterinary medicine from ecological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences. The development of integrative approaches should be promoted by linking the study of factors underlying stress responses to their consequences on ecosystem functioning and evolution. This knowledge is required for the development of novel control strategies inspired by environmental mechanisms leading to desired equilibrium and dynamics in healthy ecosystems and must provide in the near future a framework for more integrated operational initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón
- CNRS, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), UMR5244, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Université de Montpellier, Ifremer, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de La Reunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gilles Boetsch
- UMI 3189 “Environnement, Santé, Sociétés”, Faculty of Medicine, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
- Téssékéré International Human-Environment Observatory Labex DRIIM, CNRS and Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jérôme Boissier
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), UMR5244, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Frédéric Darriet
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Priscilla Duboz
- UMI 3189 “Environnement, Santé, Sociétés”, Faculty of Medicine, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
- Téssékéré International Human-Environment Observatory Labex DRIIM, CNRS and Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté Usc, INRA, Besançon, France
| | - Patrick Giraudoux
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté Usc, INRA, Besançon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Le Roux
- Ifremer, Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, Plouzané, France
| | - Serge Morand
- Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution (ISEM), UMR 5554, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- UPR ASTRE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Paillard
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS, UBO, IRD, Ifremer, Plouzané, France
| | - Dominique Pontier
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- LabEx Ecofect, Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cédric Sueur
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yann Voituron
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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28
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Chen X, Sun Y, Huang H, Liu W, Hu P, Huang X, Zou F, Liu J. Uncovering the proteome response of murine neuroblastoma cells against low-dose exposure to saxitoxin. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:335-344. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1411413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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