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Souza VVD, Moreira DP, Braz-Mota S, Valente W, Cotta GC, Rodrigues MDS, Nóbrega RH, Corrêa RDS, Hoyos DCDM, Sanches EA, Val AL, Lacerda SMDSN. Simulated climate change and atrazine contamination can synergistically impair zebrafish testicular function. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174173. [PMID: 38925398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Elements that interfere with reproductive processes can have profound impacts on population and the equilibrium of ecosystems. Global warming represents the major environmental challenge of the 21st century, as it will affect all forms of life in the coming decades. Another coexisting concern is the persistent pollution by pesticides, particularly the herbicide Atrazine (ATZ), which is responsible for a significant number of contamination incidents in surface waters worldwide. While it is hypothesized that climate changes will significantly enhance the toxic effects of pesticides, the actual impact of these phenomena remain largely unexplored. Here, we conducted a climate-controlled room experiment to assess the interactive effects of the projected 2100 climate scenario and environmentally realistic ATZ exposures on the reproductive function of male zebrafish. The gonadosomatic index significantly decreased in fish kept in the extreme scenario. Cellular alterations across spermatogenesis phases led to synergic decreased sperm production and increased germ cell sloughing and death. ATZ exposure alone or combined with climate change effects, disrupted the transcription levels of key genes involved in steroidogenesis, hormone signaling and spermatogenesis regulation. An additive modulation with decreased 11-KT production and increased E2 levels was also evidenced, intensifying the effects of androgen/estrogen imbalance. Moreover, climate change and ATZ independently induced oxidative stress, upregulation of proapoptotic gene and DNA damage in post-meiotic germ cell, but the negative effects of ATZ were greater at extreme scenario. Ultimately, exposure to simulated climate changes severely impaired fertilization capacity, due to a drastic reduction in sperm motility and/or viability. These findings indicate that the future climate conditions have the potential to considerably enhance the toxicity of ATZ at low concentrations, leading to significant deleterious consequences for fish reproductive function and fertility. These may provide relevant information to supporting healthcare and environmental managers in decision-making related to climate changes and herbicide regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ventura de Souza
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Davidson Peruci Moreira
- Laboratory of Ichthiohistology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Susana Braz-Mota
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Valente
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Caldeira Cotta
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maira da Silva Rodrigues
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Dias Serafim Corrêa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Antônio Sanches
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luís Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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2
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Yang W, Bu Q, Shi Q, Zhao R, Huang H, Yang L, Tang J, Ma Y. Emerging Contaminants in the Effluent of Wastewater Should Be Regulated: Which and to What Extent? TOXICS 2024; 12:309. [PMID: 38787088 PMCID: PMC11125804 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Effluent discharged from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a major source of emerging contaminants (ECs) requiring effective regulation. To this end, we collected discharge datasets of pharmaceuticals (PHACs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), representing two primary categories of ECs, from Chinese WWTP effluent from 2012 to 2022 to establish an exposure database. Moreover, high-risk ECs' long-term water quality criteria (LWQC) were derived using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method. A total of 140 ECs (124 PHACs and 16 EDCs) were identified, with concentrations ranging from N.D. (not detected) to 706 μg/L. Most data were concentrated in coastal regions and Gansu, with high ecological risk observed in Gansu, Hebei, Shandong, Guangdong, and Hong Kong. Using the assessment factor (AF) method, 18 high-risk ECs requiring regulation were identified. However, only three of them, namely carbamazepine, ibuprofen, and bisphenol-A, met the derivation requirements of the SSD method. The LWQC for these three ECs were determined as 96.4, 1010, and 288 ng/L, respectively. Exposure data for carbamazepine and bisphenol-A surpassed their derived LWQC, indicating a need for heightened attention to these contaminants. This study elucidates the occurrence and risks of ECs in Chinese WWTPs and provides theoretical and data foundations for EC management in urban sewage facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Qianhui Shi
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Ruiqing Zhao
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Haitao Huang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuning Ma
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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3
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P A, S V, G S, M R. Sustainable development and analysis of a novel bio-derived (biochar) nanocomposite for the remediation of carbamazepine from aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140696. [PMID: 37977531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous environments has become a growing concern due to their potential adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. In this work, synthesis of a novel bio based nanocomposite using a biowaste, palm seed is employed for the preparation of biochar. The bio derived nanocomposite consist of polypyrrole (Ppy), graphene oxide (GO), and biochar, is employed for the Carbamazepine (CBZ) removal. The synthesized nanocomposite, Ppy-GO-Biochar, is characterized using various analytical techniques. The characterization results confirmed the successful synthesis of the Ppy-GO-Biochar nanocomposite with the desired morphology and structural properties. The effect of variables is investigated and the optimum conditions are found as: pH (7.8), adsorbent dosage (1.4 g/L), agitation speed (200 rpm) and temperature (39.5 °C). The results demonstrated that a removal efficiency of over 97.74% and uptake of 45.045 mg/g is achieved for CBZ. Furthermore, the CBZ removal followed pseudo-second-order, indicating chemisorption as the predominant mechanism. The CBZ sorption equilibrium is well represented by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic results show that CBZ sorption is endothermic and spontaneous. Mechanism of CBZ sorption using the synthesized nanocomposite follows π-π interaction and electrostatic attraction. Molecular docking studies were also performed for the sorption of CBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agilandeswari P
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Venkateshbabu S
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, JCT College of Engineering &Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sarojini G
- Department of Food Technology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rajasimman M
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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4
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Naha A, Antony S, Nath S, Sharma D, Mishra A, Biju DT, Madhavan A, Binod P, Varjani S, Sindhu R. A hypothetical model of multi-layered cost-effective wastewater treatment plant integrating microbial fuel cell and nanofiltration technology: A comprehensive review on wastewater treatment and sustainable remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121274. [PMID: 36804140 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater management has emerged as an uprising concern that demands immediate attention from environmentalists worldwide. Indiscriminate and irrational release of industrial and poultry wastes, sewage, pharmaceuticals, mining, pesticides, fertilizers, dyes and radioactive wastes, contribute immensely to water pollution. This has led to the aggravation of critical health concerns as evident from the uprising trends of antimicrobial resistance, and the presence of xenobiotics and pollutant traces in humans and animals due to the process of biomagnification. Therefore, the development of reliable, affordable and sustainable technologies for the supply of fresh water is the need of the hour. Conventional wastewater treatment often involves physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove solids from the effluent, including colloids, organic matter, nutrients, and soluble pollutants (metals, organics). Synthetic biology has been explored in recent years, incorporating both biological and engineering concepts to refine existing wastewater treatment technologies. In addition to outlining the benefits and drawbacks of the current technologies, this review addresses novel wastewater treatment techniques, especially those using dedicated rational design and engineering of organisms and their constituent parts. Furthermore, the review hypothesizes designing a multi-bedded wastewater treatment plant that is highly cost-efficient, sustainable and requires easy installation and handling. The novel setup envisages removing all the major wastewater pollutants, providing water fit for household, irrigation and storage purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Naha
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thriuvalla-689 101, Kerala, India
| | - Sherly Antony
- Department of Microbiology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla-689 101, Kerala, India
| | - Soumitra Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, Gurucharan College, Silchar-788004, India
| | - Dhrubjyoti Sharma
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382 355 India
| | - Anamika Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Devika T Biju
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Salford, England, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam-690525, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201 002, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam-691 505, Kerala, India.
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5
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Salahinejad A, Meuthen D, Attaran A, Chivers DP, Ferrari MCO. Effects of common antiepileptic drugs on teleost fishes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161324. [PMID: 36608821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are globally prescribed to treat epilepsy and many other psychiatric disorders in humans. Their high consumption, low metabolic rate in the human body and low efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in eliminating these chemicals results in the frequent occurrence of these pharmaceutical drugs in aquatic systems. Therefore, aquatic organisms, including ecologically and economically important teleost fishes, may be inadvertently exposed to these chemicals. Due to their physiological similarity with humans, fishes may be particularly vulnerable to AEDs. Almost all AED drugs are detectable in natural aquatic ecosystems, but diazepam (DZP) and carbamazepine (CBZ) are among the most widely detected AEDs to date. Recent studies suggest that these drugs have a substantial capacity to induce neurotoxicity and behavioral abnormality in fishes. Here we review the current state of knowledge regarding the potential mode of action of DZP and CBZ as well as that of some other AEDs on teleosts and put observable behavioral effects into a mechanistic context. We find that following their intended mode of action in humans, AEDs also disrupt the GABAergic, glutamatergic and serotonergic systems as well as parasympathetic neurotransmitters in fishes. Moreover, AEDs have non-specific modes of action in teleosts ranging from estrogenic activity to oxidative stress. These physiological changes are often accompanied by dose-dependent disruptions of anxiety, locomotor activity, social behaviors, food uptake, and learning and memory, but DZP and CBZ consistently induced anxiolytic effects. Thereby, AED exposure severely compromises individual fitness across teleost fish species, which may lead to population and ecosystem impairment. We also showcase promising avenues for future research by highlighting where we lack data when it comes to effects of certain AEDs, AED concentrations and behavioral endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Salahinejad
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Denis Meuthen
- Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anoosha Attaran
- Robart Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5K8, Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Maud C O Ferrari
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
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6
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Blonç M, Lima J, Balasch JC, Tort L, Gravato C, Teles M. Elucidating the Effects of the Lipids Regulators Fibrates and Statins on the Health Status of Finfish Species: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050792. [PMID: 36899648 PMCID: PMC10000190 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The most documented fibrates are gemfibrozil, clofibrate and bezafibrate, while for statins, the majority of the published literature focuses on atorvastatin and simvastatin. The present work reviews previously published research concerning the effects of these hypocholesterolaemic pharmaceuticals on fish, with a particular focus on commercially important species, commonly produced by the European aquaculture industry, specifically in recirculated aquaculture systems (RAS). Overall, results suggest that both acute and chronic exposures to lipid-lowering compounds may have adverse effects on fish, disrupting their capacity to excrete exogenous substances, as well as both lipid metabolism and homeostasis, causing severe ontogenetic and endocrinological abnormalities, leading to hampered reproductive success (e.g., gametogenesis, fecundity), and skeletal or muscular malformations, having serious repercussions on fish health and welfare. Nonetheless, the available literature focusing on the effects of statins or fibrates on commonly farmed fish is still limited, and further research is required to understand the implications of this matter on aquaculture production, global food security and, ultimately, human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Blonç
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Lima
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Joan Carles Balasch
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon—FCUL, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Teles
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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7
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Photo-Fenton and Electro-Fenton Performance for the Removal of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Real Urban Wastewater. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Wu J, Shi D, Wang S, Yang X, Zhang H, Zhang T, Zheng L, Zhang Y. Derivation of Water Quality Criteria for Carbamazepine and Ecological Risk Assessment in the Nansi Lake Basin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10875. [PMID: 36078591 PMCID: PMC9518526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine, as one of several pharmaceutical and personal care products, has gained much attention in recent years because of its continuous discharge in natural waters and toxicity to aquatic ecosystems. However, it is difficult to evaluate and manage carbamazepine pollution because of the lack of a rational and scientific Water Quality Criteria (WQC) of carbamazepine. In this study, the carbamazepine toxicity data of thirty-five aquatic species from eight taxonomic groups were selected, and the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method was applied to derive the WQC for carbamazepine based on the Log-logistic model, which was 18.4 ng/L. Meanwhile, the occurrence and distribution of carbamazepine in the Nansi Lake basin was studied. Results showed that concentrations of carbamazepine in 29 sampling sites were in the range of 3.3 to 128.2 ng/L, with the mean of 17.3 ng/L. In general, the levels of carbamazepine in tributaries were higher than those in the lakes. In addition, qualitative and quantitative ecological risk assessment methods were applied to assess the adverse effect of carbamazepine on aquatic systems. The hazard quotient (HQ) method showed that there were 24 and 5 sampling sites, in which risk levels were low and moderate, respectively. The joint probability curve (JPC) method indicated that ecological risks might exist in 1.4% and 1.0% of surface water, while a 5% threshold and 1% threshold were set up to protect aquatic species, respectively. Generally, carbamazepine posed a low risk to the aquatic organisms in the Nansi Lake basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyue Wu
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100194, China
| | - Dianlong Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution, National Research Center of Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Sino-Japan Friendship Centre for Environmental Protection, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sai Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution, National Research Center of Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Sino-Japan Friendship Centre for Environmental Protection, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution, National Research Center of Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Sino-Japan Friendship Centre for Environmental Protection, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution, National Research Center of Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Sino-Japan Friendship Centre for Environmental Protection, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution, National Research Center of Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Sino-Japan Friendship Centre for Environmental Protection, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution, National Research Center of Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Sino-Japan Friendship Centre for Environmental Protection, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yizhang Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tianjin Binhai), Tianjin 300457, China
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9
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Hanslik L, Huppertsberg S, Kämmer N, Knepper TP, Braunbeck T. Rethinking the relevance of microplastics as vector for anthropogenic contaminants: Adsorption of toxicants to microplastics during exposure in a highly polluted stream - Analytical quantification and assessment of toxic effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151640. [PMID: 34774627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing amounts of plastic debris entering marine and freshwater ecosystems, there is a growing demand for environmentally relevant exposure scenarios to improve the risk assessment of microplastic particles (MPs) in aquatic environments. So far, data on adverse effects in aquatic organisms induced by naturally exposed MPs are scarce and controversially discussed. As a consequence, we investigated the potential role of MPs regarding the sorption and transfer of environmental contaminants under natural conditions. For this end, a mixture of four common polymer types (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride) was exposed to natural surface water in a polluted stream for three weeks. Samples of water, MP mixture, sediment, and suspended matter were target-screened for the presence of pollutants using GC/LC-MS, resulting in up to 94 different compounds. Possible adverse effects were investigated using several biomarkers in early developmental stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Exposure to natural stream water samples significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, altered CYP450 induction and modified behavioral patterns of zebrafish. In contrast, effects by samples of both non-exposed MPs and exposed MPs in zebrafish were less prominent than effects by water samples. In fact, the analytical target screening documented only few compounds sorbed to natural particles and MPs. Regarding acute toxic effects, no clear differentiation between different MPs and natural particles could be made, suggesting that - upon exposure in natural water bodies - MPs seem to approximate the sorption behavior of natural particles, presumably to a large extent due to biofilm formation. Thus, if compared to natural inorganic particles, MPs most likely do not transfer elevated amounts of environmental pollutants to biota and, therefore, do not pose a specific additional threat to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hanslik
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.
| | - Sven Huppertsberg
- Hochschule Fresenius GmbH, University of Applied Sciences Fresenius, Limburger Str. 2, Idstein, D-65510, Germany
| | - Nadine Kämmer
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Thomas P Knepper
- Hochschule Fresenius GmbH, University of Applied Sciences Fresenius, Limburger Str. 2, Idstein, D-65510, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.
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10
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Baali H, Cosio C. Effects of carbamazepine in aquatic biota. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:209-220. [PMID: 35014660 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00328c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most common pharmaceuticals found in the aquatic environment. Here, we reviewed studies in aquatic animals highlighting that CBZ affected ROS homeostasis but also the neuroendocrine system, cell viability, immunity, reproduction, feeding behavior and growth. Notably, the acetylcholinesterase activity was modified by concentrations of the order of ng L-1 CBZ. At ≥10 μg L-1, data pointed that CBZ triggered the production of ROS, modifying the activity of antioxidant enzymes and produced a significant cellular stress at concentrations ≥100 μg L-1. However, the response appeared species-, organ- and time-dependent, and was impacted by different experimental conditions and the origin of animals. In this context, this review discusses the available data and proposes future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Baali
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - Claudia Cosio
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 51100 Reims, France.
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11
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Zare EN, Fallah Z, Le VT, Doan VD, Mudhoo A, Joo SW, Vasseghian Y, Tajbakhsh M, Moradi O, Sillanpää M, Varma RS. Remediation of pharmaceuticals from contaminated water by molecularly imprinted polymers: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:2629-2664. [PMID: 35431714 PMCID: PMC8999999 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The release of pharmaceuticals into the environment induces adverse effects on the metabolism of humans and other living species, calling for advanced remediation methods. Conventional removal methods are often non-selective and cause secondary contamination. These issues may be partly solved by the use of recently-developped adsorbents such as molecularly imprinted polymers. Here we review the synthesis and application of molecularly imprinted polymers for removing pharmaceuticals in water. Molecularly imprinted polymers are synthesized via several multiple-step polymerization methods. Molecularly imprinted polymers are potent adsorbents at the laboratory scale, yet their efficiency is limited by template leakage and polymer quality. Adsorption performance of multi-templated molecularly imprinted polymers depends on the design of wastewater treatment plants, pharmaceutical consumption patterns and the population serviced by these wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zari Fallah
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, 47416-95447 Babolsar, Iran
| | - Van Thuan Le
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, 55000 Vietnam
- The Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, 55000 Vietnam
| | - Van-Dat Doan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ho Chi Minh, 70000 Vietnam
| | - Ackmez Mudhoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837 Mauritius
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978 South Korea
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978 South Korea
| | - Mahmood Tajbakhsh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, 47416-95447 Babolsar, Iran
| | - Omid Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028 South Africa
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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12
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Mauro M, Lazzara V, Arizza V, Luparello C, Ferrantelli V, Cammilleri G, Inguglia L, Vazzana M. Human Drug Pollution in the Aquatic System: The Biochemical Responses of Danio rerio Adults. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101064. [PMID: 34681162 PMCID: PMC8533377 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The release of medicinal products for human use in the aquatic environment is now a serious problem, and can be fatal for the organisms that live there. Danio rerio is a freshwater fish that provides the possibility to study the effects of these pollutants on the health of aquatic organisms. The results of the various existing scientific studies are scarce and conflicting. Here, we review the scientific studies that have analyzed these effects, highlighting that the impacts of drugs are evident in the biochemical responses of these animals. Abstract To date, drug pollution in aquatic systems is an urgent issue, and Danio rerio is a model organism to study the toxicological effects of environmental pollutants. The scientific literature has analyzed the effect of human drug pollution on the biochemical responses in the tissues of D. rerio adults. However, the information is still scarce and conflicting, making it difficult to understand its real impact. The scientific studies are not consistent with each other and, until now, no one has grouped their results to create a baseline of knowledge of the possible impacts. In this review, the analysis of literature data highlights that the effects of drugs on adult zebrafishes depend on various factors, such as the tissue analyzed, the drug concentration and the sex of the individuals. Furthermore, the most influenced biochemical responses concern enzymes (e.g., antioxidants and hydrolase enzymes) and total protein and hormonal levels. Pinpointing the situation to date would improve the understanding of the chronic effects of human drug pollution, helping both to reduce it in the aquatic systems and then to draw up regulations to control this type of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Valentina Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Luigi Inguglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
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13
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Droma D, Kumar S, Paul T, Pal P, Saharan N, Kumar K, Poojary N. Biomarkers for assessing chronic toxicity of carbamazepine, an anticonvulsants drug on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103691. [PMID: 34153508 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, carbamazepine (CBZ) as an anticonvulsants drug has raised attention because of its safety concern in the aquatic environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the sub-lethal effects of CBZ (1%, 0.1 % and 0.01 % of 96 h LC50) on P. hypophthalmus for 60 days based on haematological, biochemical, and genotoxicity biomarkers. Chronic exposure of CBZ altered blood profiles (total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin) and serum biomarkers such as alkaline phosphates, cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase and transaminase enzymes. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity were also substantially affected in all treatments. Genotoxicity study revealed the formation of micronucleus in erythrocytes of exposed fish. Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) study showed cholesterol, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) in serum and SOD, CAT in liver tissue are the best organ-based enzyme biomarkers. The present report concludes that an environmentally realistic concentration of CBZ can pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawa Droma
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India.
| | - Tapas Paul
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Prasenjit Pal
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University (I), Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Neelam Saharan
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Nalini Poojary
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
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14
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Chen H, Yang H, Zhao Y, Gu X, Martyniuk CJ. Development and Molecular Investigation into the Effects of Carbamazepine Exposure in the Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238882. [PMID: 33260372 PMCID: PMC7731368 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Concerns regarding environmental exposures and the impacts of pharmaceuticals on non-target aquatic organisms continue to increase. The antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) is often detected as an aquatic contaminant and can disrupt various behaviors of fishes. However, there are few reports which investigate the mechanism of CBZ action in fish. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of CBZ on embryonic development (i.e., hatching rate, heart rate, and body length) and early spontaneous movement. Moreover, we sought to investigate potential mechanisms by focusing on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system in zebrafish 6 days after of exposure. The results show that CBZ exposure did not cause significant effects on embryo development (hatching rate, heart rate, nor body length) at the test concentrations. However, the early spontaneous movement of embryos was inhibited following 10 μg/L CBZ exposure at 28-29 h post-fertilization (hpf). In addition, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and GABA concentrations were increased with exposure, whereas glutamate (Glu) concentrations were decreased in larval zebrafish. Gene expression analysis revealed that GABA and glutamate metabolic pathways in zebrafish larvae were altered following exposure to CBZ. GABA transaminase (abat) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad1b) decreased to 100 µg/L, and glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 1b (grin1b) as well as the glutamate receptor, ionotropic, α-amino-3hydroxy-5methylisoxazole-4propionic 2b (gria2b) were down-regulated with exposure to 1 µg/L CBZ. Our study suggests that CBZ, which can act as an agonist of the GABAA receptor in humans, can also induce alterations in the GABAergic system in fish. Overall, this study improves understanding of the neurotoxicity and behavioral toxicity of zebrafish exposed to CBZ and generates data to be used to understand mechanisms of action that may underlie antiepileptic drug exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Huiting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
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15
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Alelwani W, Elmorsy E, Kattan SW, Babteen NA, Alnajeebi AM, Al-Ghafari A, Carter WG. Carbamazepine induces a bioenergetics disruption to microvascular endothelial cells from the blood-brain barrier. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:184-191. [PMID: 32805338 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely employed anti-seizure medication that crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to exert its anti-convulsant action. The effects of CBZ on components of the BBB have yet to be completely delineated. Hence the current study evaluated the effects of CBZ upon mitochondrial functionality of BBB-derived microvascular endothelial cells isolated from Albino rats. The influence of CBZ on cell viability and barrier functions were evaluated by 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase, and electrophysiological assays over a drug concentration range of 0.1-1000 μM. Bioenergetics effects were measured via ATP production, mitochondrial complexes I and III activities, lactate production, and oxygen consumption rates (OCRs), and mitochondrial membrane potential, fluidity and lipid content. CBZ was cytotoxic to microvascular endothelial cells in a concentration and duration dependent manner. CBZ significantly diminished the endothelial cell's barrier functions, and impacted upon cellular bioenergetics: reducing mitochondrial complex activities with a parallel decrease in OCRs and increased anaerobic lactate production. CBZ significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and induced an increase of membrane fluidity and decrease in levels of mitochondrial saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. In summary, CBZ disrupted functional activity of BBB endothelial cells via damage and modification of mitochondria functionality at therapeutically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walla Alelwani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekramy Elmorsy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
| | - Shahad W Kattan
- Medical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Abubakr Babteen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan M Alnajeebi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat Al-Ghafari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wayne G Carter
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK.
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16
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Zhang K, Zhao Y, Fent K. Cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents in surface waters at global scale: Occurrence, ecotoxicity and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138770. [PMID: 32361434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents have emerged as major groups of environmental contaminants over the past decades. However, knowledge about their occurrence in freshwaters and their ecotoxicity is still limited. Here, we critically summarize the presence of 82 cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents at a global-scale and represent their effects on aquatic organisms. Only about 71% of these pharmaceuticals in use have been analyzed for their residues in aquatic ecosystems and only about 24% for their effects. When detected in surface waters, they occurred at concentrations of dozens to hundreds of ng/L. In wastewaters, they reached up to several μg/L. Effects of cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents have been extensively studied in fish and a few in invertebrates, such as Daphnia magna and mussels. These pharmaceuticals affect cardiac physiology, lipid metabolism, growth and reproduction. Besides, effects on spermatogenesis and neurobehavior are observed. Environmental risks are associated with beta-blockers propranolol, metoprolol, and lipid lowering agents bezafibrate and atorvastatin, where adverse effects (biochemical and transcriptional) occurred partially at surface water concentrations. In some cases, reproductive effects occurred at environmentally relevant concentrations. This review summarizes the state of the art on the occurrence of cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents at a global-scale and highlights their risks to fish. Further research is needed to include more subtle changes on heart function and to explore non-investigated drugs. Their occurrence in freshwaters and impact on a diverse array of aquatic organisms are particularly needed to fully assess their environmental hazards and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
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17
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Fraz S, Lee AH, Pollard S, Srinivasan K, Vermani A, David E, Wilson JY. Paternal Exposure to Carbamazepine Impacts Zebrafish Offspring Reproduction Over Multiple Generations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12734-12743. [PMID: 31393713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-concentration chemical exposures may have both direct health outcomes on adults and indirect effects on their offspring. Using zebrafish, we examined the impacts of chronic, low-concentration carbamazepine (CBZ) exposure on a suite of male reproductive endpoints in the parents and four generations of offspring reared in clean water. CBZ is one of the most frequently detected pharmaceutical residues in water, is a histone deacetylase inhibitor in mammals, and is reported to lower androgens in mammals and fish. Exposure of adult zebrafish to 10 μg/L CBZ for 6 weeks decreased reproductive output, courtship and aggressive behaviors, 11-ketotestosterone (11KT), and sperm morphology but did not impact milt volume or sperm swimming speed. Pairwise breeding generated lineages of offspring with both parents exposed and two lineages where only one parent was exposed; the control lineage had unexposed parents. Reproductive output and male reproductive indices were assessed in F1-F4 offspring to determine whether parental CBZ exposure had transgenerational impacts. The offspring of CBZ-exposed males had lower 11KT, reproductive output, altered courtship, aggression, and sperm morphology compared to the lineage from unexposed parents. Our results indicate that parental carbamazepine exposure history impacts the unexposed progeny up to the F4 generations and that paternal, but not maternal, exposure is most important for the reproductive health of male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaila Fraz
- Department of Life Sciences , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S4K1 ON , Canada
| | - Abigail H Lee
- Department of Life Sciences , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S4K1 ON , Canada
| | - Simon Pollard
- Department of Life Sciences , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S4K1 ON , Canada
| | - Krishna Srinivasan
- Department of Life Sciences , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S4K1 ON , Canada
| | - Abhilasha Vermani
- Department of Life Sciences , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S4K1 ON , Canada
| | - Ephraim David
- Department of Life Sciences , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S4K1 ON , Canada
| | - Joanna Y Wilson
- Department of Life Sciences , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S4K1 ON , Canada
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18
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Tian Y, Xia X, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang J, Zhang F, Ahmad Z. Chronic Toxicological Effects of Carbamazepine on Daphnia magna Straus: Effects on Reproduction Traits, Body Length, and Intrinsic Growth. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:723-728. [PMID: 31520142 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) that remain in the environment have become increasingly important. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used antiepileptic drug that has a potential impact on the environment due to its Physico-chemical properties, which are rarely eliminated in conventional water treatment. Daphnia magna Straus (DMS) is a fundamental link of aquatic ecosystem chain. The influence of CBZ toxicity on DMS can effectively reflect the effects of CBZ toxicity on the aquatic environment. In this study, DMS was used as a subject to assess the chronic effects of CBZ exposure. It was found that after 21 days of CBZ exposure, the breeding frequency, the total number of eggs laid, body length, and intrinsic growth rate of DMS decreased with increasing CBZ concentrations. Maximum reductions of 69% in fecundity and 60% in fertility were observed at 0.5 mg/L CBZ, while a maximum reduction of 60% in body length was observed at 0.001 mg/L CBZ concentration. The integrated biomarker response version 2 (IBRv2) analysis suggests that with the increase in CBZ concentration, the overall negative effect of CBZ on DMS was enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xiaoming Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Fengzhao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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19
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Fraz S, Lee AH, Pollard S, Srinivasan K, Vermani A, Wilson JY. Parental gemfibrozil exposure impacts zebrafish F 1 offspring, but not subsequent generations. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 212:194-204. [PMID: 31132737 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gemfibrozil (GEM) is a fibrate lipid regulator and one of the most commonly occurring fresh water pharmaceuticals. The negative effects of fibrates including GEM on fish reproduction have been frequently reported including effects of F0 GEM exposure on reproduction of the unexposed F1 offspring. We predicted that chronic, direct exposure of zebrafish with low concentrations of GEM would adversely affect parental male reproduction and unexposed offspring for multiple generations. Adult zebrafish were exposed to 10 μg/L GEM for 6 weeks and a range of reproductive indices were analyzed. The F1-F4 offspring were reared in clean water from 3 distinct lineages where only a single or both parents were exposed and compared to a control lineage where parents were unexposed. Reproductive indices were examined in unexposed F1-F4 offspring to test the hypothesis of multi- or trans- generational impacts. Exposure to GEM caused a decline in breeding success and mean embryo production in F0 parents and a reduction in whole body 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), altered male courtship, aggression and sperm morphology. Our results indicate that paternal exposure alone is sufficient to result in reproductive effects in unexposed male offspring but that effects are mostly limited to F1. We suggest that GEM may act as a reproductive endocrine disruptor in fish and that chronic exposure reduced male reproductive fitness but not over multiple generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaila Fraz
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
| | - Abigail H Lee
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
| | - Simon Pollard
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
| | - Krishna Srinivasan
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
| | - Abhilasha Vermani
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
| | - Joanna Y Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
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20
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Lee G, Lee S, Ha N, Kho Y, Park K, Kim P, Ahn B, Kim S, Choi K. Effects of gemfibrozil on sex hormones and reproduction related performances of Oryzias latipes following long-term (155 d) and short-term (21 d) exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:174-181. [PMID: 30772707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gemfibrozil, a lipid-regulating pharmaceutical, has been widely used for treating dyslipidemia in humans and detected frequently in freshwater environments. Since plasma cholesterol is a precursor of steroid hormones, the use of gemfibrozil may influence the sex hormone balances. However, its endocrine toxicity following long-term exposure is not well understood. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of gemfibrozil on sex hormones and reproductive outcomes in a freshwater fish, following a long-term (155 d) exposure. For this purpose, Japanese medaka embryos (F0) were exposed to a series of gemfibrozil concentrations, i.e., 0, 0.04, 0.4, 3.7, and 40 mg/L for 155 d, and reproductive parameters, sex hormones, and associated gene expressions were assessed. For comparison, a short-term exposure (21 d) was performed separately with adult medaka and measured for sex hormones and related gene expressions. Following the 155 d long-term exposure, the fecundity showed a decreasing pattern. In addition, at 3.7 mg/L gemfibrozil, testosterone (T) level in the female fish was significantly decreased, and the hatchability of F1 fish was significantly decreased. The estrogen receptor (er) or vitellogenin (vtg) genes in gonads and liver were up-regulated. However, plasma cholesterol levels did not show significant changes in both sexes. The observations from the short-term (21 d) exposure were different from those of the long-term exposure. Following the short-term exposure, decreased 17β-estradiol (E2), and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels along with decrease plasma cholesterol were observed in the male fish. The hormone disruption following the short-term exposure appears to be associated with the hypocholesterolemic activity of gemfibrozil. Our results show that the mechanisms of gemfibrozil toxicity may depend on the exposure duration. Consequences of long-term exposure to other fibrates in the water environment warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowoon Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Ha
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Younglim Kho
- School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Park
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilje Kim
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongwoo Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Gomes TB, Fernandes Sales Junior S, Saint'Pierre TD, Correia FV, Hauser-Davis RA, Saggioro EM. Sublethal psychotropic pharmaceutical effects on the model organism Danio rerio: Oxidative stress and metal dishomeostasis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:781-789. [PMID: 30660971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern have become an important environmental problem, especially pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), since, after use, these drugs return to the environment, contaminating aquatic ecosystems. Some may display the ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify throughout the food chain, leading to potential environmental and human deleterious effects which are, however, still largely unknown. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two psychotropic drugs commonly found in the environment, carbamazepine (CBZ) and clonazepam (CZP), both isolated and co-administrated, on oxidative stress biomarkers and essential metal homeostasis in Danio rerio fish specimens. No studies are available to data in this regard concerning CZP effects on fish. Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Metallothionein (MT), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) were determined, as well as essential metals in fish liver, kidney and brains. Significant oxidative stress effects were observed for several biomarkers, where brain GST activity was the most affected, mainly with regard to CBZ exposure, while GST and CAT activity in the liver were downregulated in the co-administration mixture. In addition, dishomeostasis of several essential elements was detected in all analyzed organs, with a synergistic action of CBZ and CZP in brain, decreasing basal Mg, Al, K, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu levels in this organ, the target site for these drugs in humans. The brain organ was the most affected as observed by altered GST activity and metal dyshomeostasis concerning exposure to both compounds. These compounds, thus, present health risks to the aquatic biota, due to the evidenced deleterious effects and their constant release into the environment due to widespread use. Steps are needed to implement adequate legislation for risk analysis and decision-making in order to mitigate the effects of these emerging contaminants on aquatic ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Braga Gomes
- Fiocruz, Centro de Estudos em Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana (CESTEH), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sidney Fernandes Sales Junior
- Fiocruz, Centro de Estudos em Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana (CESTEH), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Veríssimo Correia
- UNIRIO, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-20 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Fiocruz, Centro de Estudos em Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana (CESTEH), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Fiocruz, Departamento de Saneamento e Saúde Ambiental, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Barreto A, Luis LG, Paíga P, Santos LHMLM, Delerue-Matos C, Soares AMVM, Hylland K, Loureiro S, Oliveira M. A multibiomarker approach highlights effects induced by the human pharmaceutical gemfibrozil to gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 200:266-274. [PMID: 29807214 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid regulators are among the most prescribed human pharmaceuticals worldwide. Gemfibrozil, which belongs to this class of pharmaceuticals, is one of the most frequently encountered in the aquatic environment. However, there is limited information concerning the mechanisms involved in gemfibrozil effects to aquatic organisms, particularly to marine organisms. Based on this knowledge gap, the current study aimed to assess biochemical and behavioral effects following a sublethal exposure to gemfibrozil (1.5, 15, 150, 1500 and 15,000 μg L-1) in the estuarine/marine fish Sparus aurata. After the exposure to 1.5 μg L-1 of gemfibrozil, fish had reduced ability to swim against a water flow and increased lipid peroxidation in the liver. At concentrations between 15-15,000 μg L-1, the activities of some enzymes involved in antioxidant defense were induced, appearing to be sufficient to prevent oxidative damage. Depending on the organ, different responses to gemfibrozil were displayed, with enzymes like catalase being more stimulated in gills, whereas glutathione peroxidase was more activated in liver. Although there were no obvious concentration-response relationships, the integrated biomarker response version 2 (IBRv2) analysis revealed that the highest concentrations of gemfibrozil (between 150-15,000 μg L-1) caused more alterations. All the tested concentrations of gemfibrozil induced effects in S. aurata, in terms of behavior and/or oxidative stress responses. Oxidative damage was found at a concentration that is considered environmentally relevant, suggesting a potential of this pharmaceutical to impact fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barreto
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - L G Luis
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - P Paíga
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - L H M L M Santos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; Present affiliation: Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - C Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - K Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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