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Jin X, Fang Y, Li L, Hu M, Fang JKH, Khan FU, Huang W, Wang Y. Physiological responses of the microalga Isochrysis galbana exposed to polystyrene microplastics with different particle sizes. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 200:106645. [PMID: 39013227 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Due to continuous increase in marine plastic waste, microplastics are ubiquitous in the marine environment. However, there are few studies on the harmful effects caused by microplastics with different particle sizes, and the interaction between particle size and concentration requires further investigation. This study explored the differences in physiological and biochemical responses, photosynthesis and oxidative stress damage of the microalga Isochrysis galbana exposed to three different particle size microplastics. It was found that different particle sizes and concentrations of microplastics resulted in significant differences (p < 0.05) in the growth rate, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress level of I. galbana. With the decrease of the particle size and lowering concentration of microplastics, the growth rate, photosynthesis and oxidative stress levels of I. galbana were reduced. Significant differences in photosynthesis and oxidative stress levels were observed when I. galbana was exposed to smallest particle size and lowest concentration of microplastics. This study provides new insights about whether polystyrene microplastics of different particle sizes and concentrations exhibit complex effects on microalgae, and explores the underlying reasons for such effects. In short, this study predicts the exacerbating adverse effects of microplastic pollution on the primary productivity, with significant implications for marine food webs and ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue'en Jin
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yuyang Fang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Li'ang Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - James Kar-Hei Fang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fahim Ullah Khan
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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2
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Naïja A, Horie Y, Boughattas S, Ismail S, Al-Mansouri N. Toxicity assessment of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate using zebrafish embryos: Cardiotoxic potential. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 283:109956. [PMID: 38838795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Plasticizers are considered as newly emerged contaminants. They are added to plastics to increase their flexibility and softness. Phthalate plasticizers including the Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalates (DEHP) are toxic and induce adverse effects on the different organization levels of the environment. In the current study, we investigated the potential toxicity of DEHP using Zebrafish as a biological model. Five ascending concentrations of DEHP were tested in embryos throughout 96 hpf: 0.0086, 0.086, 0.86, 8.6, and 86 mg/L. Embryotoxicity assessments revealed limited lethal effects on DEHP-exposed embryos, yet notable anticipation of the hatching process was observed at 48 hpf. Although DEHP showed negligible influence on the length and pericardial area of exposed embryos, it led to multiple bodily deformities. Gene expression analyses of key cardiogenic and inflammatory genes evidenced alterations in tbx20, bcl2, and il1b expression in Zebrafish embryos at 96 h post-fertilization. Results from the cardiac function analysis displayed that DEHP significantly affected the arterial pulse and linear velocity within the Posterior Cardinal Vein (PCV) of exposed fish. These findings strongly advance that even at low concentrations, DEHP can be considered as potential toxic agent, capable of inducing cardiotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Naïja
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar. https://twitter.com/@NaijaAzza
| | - Yoshifumi Horie
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | | | - Sara Ismail
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nafja Al-Mansouri
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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3
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Li Z, Wang Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Lei X, Jiu R, Liu H, Bai T, Liu J. Degradation of Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalic acid plasticizer in baijiu by a foam titanium flow reactor attached with hairpin-like structured peptide enzyme mimics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134596. [PMID: 38820744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Because of the significant environmental and health hazards imposed by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a common plasticizer, developing safe and green techniques to degrade DEHP plasticizer is of huge scientific significance. It has been observed that environmental contamination of DEHP may also induce serious food safety problems because crops raised in plasticizers contaminated soils would transfer the plasticizer into foods, such as Baijiu. Additionally, when plastic packaging or vessels are used during Baijiu fermentation and processing, plasticizer compounds frequently migrate and contaminate the product. In this study, hairpin-like structured peptides with catalytically active sites containing serine, histidine and aspartic acid were found to degrade DEHP. Furthermore, after incorporating caffeic acid molecules at the N-terminus, the peptides could be attached onto foam titanium (Ti) surfaces via enediol-metal interactions to create an enzyme-mimicking flow reactor for the degradation of DEHP in Baijiu. The structure and catalytic activity of peptides, their interaction with DEHP substrate and the hydrolysis mechanism of DEHP were discussed in this work. The stability and reusability of the peptide-modified foam Ti flow reactor were also investigated. This approach provides an effective technique for the degradation of plasticizer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongda Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Healthy of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Qiuying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Healthy of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Healthy of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jianan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Healthy of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Healthy of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ruiqing Jiu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Healthy of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Haochi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Healthy of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Tianhou Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Healthy of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Healthy of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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Sheng Y, Cai J, Yang Z, Du H, Bi R, Liu W, Li P. Microplastic size-dependent biochemical and molecular effects in alga Heterosigma akashiwo. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115673. [PMID: 37979358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) are increasingly prevalent contaminants in marine ecosystems and have a variety of negative impacts on marine organisms. While their toxic impact on freshwater microalgae has been well-documented, limited research has been conducted on the influence of MNPs on marine red tide algae, despite their significant implications for human health and coastal ecological stability. This study investigated the physiological, biochemical and molecular reactions of the common harmful algal species, Heterosigma akashiwo, when exposed to polystyrene (PS) MNPs of 80 nm and 1 µm in size with the concentrations of 0, 1, 10, and 20 mg L-1 in 12 days. The results showed that 80 nm-sized MNPs (at concentrations of 10 mg L-1 and 20 mg L-1) inhibited algal growth. Despite the increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and up-regulation of glutathione metabolism, exposure-induced oxidative stress remained the main cause of the inhibition. Up-regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and amino acid biosynthesis pathways provide the necessary amino acid feedstock for the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD. 1 µm sized PS MNPs increased chlorophyll a (Chl-a) content without significant effects on other parameters. In addition, H. akashiwo have an effective self-regulation ability to defend against two sized MNPs stress at concentrations of 1 mg L-1 by upregulating gene expression related to endocytosis, biotin metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. These results provided evidence that H. akashiwo was able to resist exposure to 1 µm MPs, whereas 80 nm NPs exerted a toxic effect on H. akashiwo. This study deepens our understanding of the interaction between MNPs and marine harmful algal at the transcriptional level, providing valuable insights for further evaluating the potential impact of PS MNPs on harmful algal blooms in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Sheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Provention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Jingting Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Provention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Zhenxiong Yang
- South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Provention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Ran Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Provention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Provention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Ping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Provention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
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Zhang C, He F, Chen L. Phytoremediation of cadmium-trichlorfon co-contaminated water by Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea): growth and physiological responses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:263-272. [PMID: 37463105 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2237119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the morphological and physiological responses of Brassica juncea to the stresses of Cadmium (Cd) and trichlorfon (TCF), and the phytoremediation potential of B. juncea to Cd and TCF were investigated under hydroponics. Results showed that Cd exhibited strong inhibition on biomass and root morphology of B. juncea as Cd concentration increased. The chlorophyll a fluorescence intensity and chlorophyll content of B. juncea decreased with the increased Cd concentration, whereas the malondialdehyde and soluble protein contents and superoxide dismutase activity increased. TCF with different concentrations showed no significant influence on these morphological and physiological features of B. juncea. The biomass and physiological status of B. juncea were predominantly regulated by Cd level under the co-exposure of Cd and TCF. B. juncea could accumulate Cd in different plant parts, as well as showed efficient TCF degradation performance. A mutual inhibitory removal of Cd and TCF was observed under their co-system. The present study clearly signified the physiological responses and phytoremediation potential of B. juncea toward Cd and TCF, and these results suggest that B. juncea can be used as an effective phytoremediation agent for the Cd-TCF co-contamination in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, PR China
- College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lanzhou Chen
- College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Liu D, Qv M, Dai D, Wang X, Zhu L. Toxic responses of freshwater microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana due to exposure of flame retardants. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136808. [PMID: 36223822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants, such as Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and tributyl phosphate (TBP), are frequently detected in surface water. However, the effects of FRs exposure on aquatic organisms especially freshwater microalgae are still unclear. In this study, the toxicities of TBBPA, TDCPP and TBP to microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana, in terms of growth inhibition, photosynthetic activity inhibition and oxidative damage, were investigated, and according ecological risks were assessed. The results showed that TBBPA, TDCPP and TBP had inhibitory effects on C. sorokiniana, with 96 h EC50 (concentration for 50% of maximal effect) values of 7.606, 41.794 and 49.996 mg/L, respectively. Fv/Fm decreased as the increase of exposure time under 15 mg/L TBBPA. Under 50 mg/L TDCPP and 80 mg/L TBP exposure, Fv/Fm decreased significantly after 24 h. However, Fv/Fm rose after 96 h, indicating that the damaged photosynthetic activity was reversible. The content of chlorophyll a decreased, as the increase of TBBPA concentration from 3 to 15 mg/L. However, chlorophyll a increased first and then decreased, as the increase of TDCPP and TBP concentrations from 0 to 50 mg/L and 0-80 mg/L, respectively. Results indicated that C. sorokiniana could use the phosphorus of TDCPP and TBP to ensure the production of chlorophyll a. The risen content of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde as well as superoxide dismutase activity indicated that exposure to FRs induced oxidative stress. Additionally, the risk quotients showed that tested FRs had ecological risks in natural waters or wastewaters. This study provides insights into the toxicological mechanisms of different FRs toward freshwater microalgae for better understanding of according environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Liu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Mingxiang Qv
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Dian Dai
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
| | - Liandong Zhu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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7
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Zhang Y, Chen Z, Li X, Wu X, Chen L, Wang G. Photosynthesis Responses of Tibetan Freshwater Algae Chlorella vulgaris to Herbicide Glyphosate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010386. [PMID: 36612715 PMCID: PMC9819295 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the development of agriculture and the widespread application of agrichemicals in Tibet, herbicide residues have become a threat to the ecological safety of Tibetan water bodies. Algae, as the producers in the food chain in water bodies, play an important role in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the impact of herbicides on Tibetan algae is of great significance for evaluating ecological health and the protection of Tibetan water ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of glyphosate, a herbicide, on the photosynthetic system of Chlorella vulgaris, Tibetan algae, by determining chlorophyll fluorescence and the activity of an antioxidant system. The results revealed that glyphosate at low concentration did not affect the photosynthetic activity of C. vulgaris; however, glyphosate at a high concentration significantly inhibited photosynthetic activity and reduced pigment content. Moreover, high levels of glyphosate also decreased photochemical efficiency and electron transport rate and resulted in ROS accumulation, high SOD activity, and lipid peroxidation. These results suggested that glyphosate could decrease the primary production of aquatic ecosystems and influence their performance. Therefore, reducing the herbicide levels could protect the Tibetan aquatic environment and maintain the health of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Zhang
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zixu Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Resource & Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinguo Wu
- School of Resource & Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lanzhou Chen
- School of Resource & Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gaohong Wang
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Jiao Y, Zhu Y, Chen M, Wan L, Zhao Y, Gao J, Liao M, Tian X. The humic acid-like substances released from Microcystis aeruginosa contribute to defending against smaller-sized microplastics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135034. [PMID: 35609660 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems, but knowledge of their effects on extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) produced by algae is poorly understood. The components in specific EPS fractions of Microcystis respond when exposed to MPs is also still unclear. In this study, the responses of Microcystis aeruginosa under polystyrene (PS) microplastic exposure were studied over 17 days of cultivation, using 0.1 μm and 1.0 μm sized PS at three concentration gradients (1, 10 and 100 mg/L). Results indicate that algal growth significantly increased using the 0.1 and 1.0 μm PS at a high concentration (100 mg/L) on day 17, with growth rates of 74.71% ± 0.94% and 35.87% ± 1.23%, respectively. All tested PS had a maximum inhibitory effect on the photosynthesis on day 5, but the inhibition of photosynthetic activity by 0.1 μm PS alleviated after 13 days of exposure, indicating recovery of microalgae from the toxic environment. The two PS sizes at 100 mg/L concentration triggered EPS release in the latter stage of the experiment; meanwhile, fluorescence EEM analysis showed that smaller-sized PS (0.1 μm) at various doses noticeably increased humic acid-like substances in tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) fractions on day 17. Our findings showed that EPS release and humic acid-like substances secretion of Microcystis likely can resist MPs exposure. The results provide new insights into the toxicity mechanism of MPs on freshwater microalgae, as well as understanding the ecological risks of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Jiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River-Lakes and Algal Utilization, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China; Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River-Lakes and Algal Utilization, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Liang Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River-Lakes and Algal Utilization, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China; Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Yijun Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River-Lakes and Algal Utilization, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China; Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River-Lakes and Algal Utilization, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China; Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Mingjun Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River-Lakes and Algal Utilization, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China; Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Xiaofang Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River-Lakes and Algal Utilization, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
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9
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Li X, Li J, Hao S, Han A, Yang Y, Fang G, Liu J, Wang S. Enzyme mimics based membrane reactor for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123873. [PMID: 33264945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the most abundantly used plasticizer, was considered to be a hazardous chemical that was difficult to be degraded naturally. In this study, inspired by the "catalytic triad'' in serine proteases, an enzyme mimic material was developed by combining the proteases's active sites of serine, histidine and aspartate (S-H-D) with the self-assembling sequence of LKLKLKL and the aromatic group of fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc). By mixing the monomer of peptides containing separate S, H and D residues with a ratio of 2:1:1, the enzyme mimics were found to co- assemble into nanofibers (Co-HSD) and showed the highest activity towards DEHP degradation because of the synergistic effects of active sites, orderly secondary structure and stable molecular conformation. To further improve ability and applicability, the high active mimetic enzyme was immobilized onto regenerated cellulose (RC) membranes for DEHP degradation in a continuous recycling mode. The RC membranes were first functionalized by the NaIO4 oxidation method to form aldehyde groups and then conjugated with the enzyme mimics via Schiff-base reaction. As a biocatalytic membrane, this membrane could not only effectively degrade DEHP, but also showed good stability, thus establishing a promising biomaterial for large scale biodegradation of DEHP in water decontamination and liquid food depollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Jianpeng Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Sijia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Ailing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Yayu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Guozhen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; Research Center of Food Science and Human Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China.
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10
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Xiang P, Wang K, Bi J, Li M, He RW, Cui D, Ma LQ. Organic extract of indoor dust induces estrogen-like effects in human breast cancer cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138505. [PMID: 32481214 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indoor dust often contains organic contaminants, which adversely impacts human health. In this study, the organic contaminants in the indoor dust from commercial offices and residential houses in Nanjing, China were extracted and their effects on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were investigated. Both dust extracts promoted proliferation of MCF-7 cells at ≤24 μg/100 μL, with cell viability being decreased with increasing dust concentrations. Based on LC50, house dust was less toxic than office dust. At 8 μg/100 μL, both extracts caused more MCF-7 cells into active cycling (G2/M + S) and increased intracellular Ca2+ influx, with house dust inducing stronger effects than office dust. Further, the expression of estrogen-responsive genes for TFF1 and EGR3 was enhanced by 3-9 and 4-9 folds, while the expression of cell cycle regulatory genes for cyclin D was enhanced by 2-5 folds. The results suggested that organic dust extract influenced cell viability, altered cell cycle, increased intracellular Ca2+ levels, and activated cell cycle regulatory and estrogen-responsive gene expressions, with house dust showing lower cytotoxicity but higher estrogenic potential on MCF-7 cells. The results indicate the importance of reducing organic contaminants in indoor dust to mitigate their adverse impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Mountainous Rural Areas, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Mountainous Rural Areas, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jue Bi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Mountainous Rural Areas, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Mountainous Rural Areas, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Rui-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Daolei Cui
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Mountainous Rural Areas, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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11
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Wei S, Cao J, Ma X, Ping J, Zhang C, Ke T, Zhang Y, Tao Y, Chen L. The simultaneous removal of the combined pollutants of hexavalent chromium and o-nitrophenol by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110648. [PMID: 32388188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been used for the removal of heavy metals or synthetic organics; however, the simultaneous removal of both types of compounds is always technically difficult. In this study, a green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, was first used to simultaneously remove hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and o-nitrophenol (ONP), and the balance among biomass, oxidative damage and removal rate was also investigated. The results showed that treatment with Cr(VI) or ONP decreased the photosynthetic and superoxide dismutase activities and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde content. However, combined treatment with Cr(VI) (≤4 mg/L) and ONP (≤15 mg/L) significantly decreased ROS generation and alleviated cell damage in C. reinhardtii. In addition, the removal rates of Cr(VI) and ONP by C. reinhardtii cells significantly increased from 37.4% to 54.9% and from 35.8% to 45.9%, respectively, and the cells could be reused at least four times. Moreover, the increased acidity in the medium and Cr(VI) reductase content in C. reinhardtii caused Cr(VI) to be reduced to Cr(III). The addition of an exogenous antioxidant decreased the removal rates of Cr(VI) and ONP. These results indicated that the presence of Cr(VI) could induce ROS generation in C. reinhardtii and enhance ONP degradation, which consumed ROS, alleviated cell damage, and thus benefited Cr(VI) reduction. As a result, C. reinhardtii could be used as a theoretical candidate for the simultaneous removal of combined Cr(VI) and ONP contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wei
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; College of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Hanjiang Normarl University, Shiyan, 442000, PR China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Jie Ping
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Tan Ke
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Yurui Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Lanzhou Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
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12
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Li S, Wang P, Zhang C, Zhou X, Yin Z, Hu T, Hu D, Liu C, Zhu L. Influence of polystyrene microplastics on the growth, photosynthetic efficiency and aggregation of freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136767. [PMID: 31981864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems worldwide, but knowledge on their impacts on phytoplankton, especially freshwater microalgae, is still limited. To investigate this issue, microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was exposed to polystyrene (PS) microplastics with 4 concentration gradients (5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L), and the growth, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic activities (Fv/Fm), the contents of malondialdehydes (MDA), soluble proteins, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and settlement rate were accordingly measured. Results showed that the density of microalgae decreased as the increase of PS microplastics concentrations, and the highest inhibitory rate (IR) was 45.8% on the 7th day under the concentration of 100 mg/L. The high concentration (100 mg/L) of microplastics evidently inhibited the content of EPS released by microalgae into the solution. PS under all dosages tested could reduce both the chlorophyll a fluorescence yields and photosynthetic activities. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images demonstrated that microplastic beads were wrapped on the surface of microalgae and damaged their membranes, which could suggest the reduction of photosynthetic activities and the increase of soluble proteins and MDA content. The results also showed that PS microplastics could inhibit the settlement of microalgae at the later stage, which also indicated the recovery of microalgae from the toxic environment. Our findings will contribute to understanding the effects of microplastics on freshwater microalgae, as well as evaluating the possible influences of microplastics on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Li
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Panpan Wang
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Zhihong Yin
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Tianyi Hu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Dan Hu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Liandong Zhu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; Faculty of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, FI65101, Finland.
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13
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Zhang C, Tao Y, Li S, Ke T, Wang P, Wei S, Chen L. Bioremediation of cadmium-trichlorfon co-contaminated soil by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) associated with the trichlorfon-degrading microbe Aspergillus sydowii: Related physiological responses and soil enzyme activities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109756. [PMID: 31711776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil co-contaminated with heavy metals and organics is often difficult to remediate. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the concurrent removal of cadmium (Cd, two levels: CdL [10 mg kg-1] and CdH [50 mg kg-1]) and trichlorfon (TCF, 100 mg kg-1) from co-contaminated soil by comparing the following remediation methods: natural remediation (NR), soil inoculated with Aspergillus sydowii (AS), soil planted with Brassica juncea (BJ), and soil planted with B. juncea and inoculated with A. sydowii (BJ-AS). The physiological responses of B. juncea and soil enzyme activities after remediation were also studied. B. juncea grew well in co-contaminated soil at both Cd levels. The biomass and chlorophyll content of B. juncea in CdH soil were lower than those in CdL soil, whereas the malondialdehyde content and activities of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase of B. juncea in CdH soil were higher than those in CdL soil. Cd accumulation in B. juncea was high in CdH soil, whereas high Cd removal efficiency was observed in CdL soil. TCF could be thoroughly degraded within 35 days in NR at both Cd-level soils. AS, BJ and BJ-AS promoted TCF degradation and enhanced the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase in soil compared with the NR. BJ-AS showed the highest phytoextraction ratio (3.32% in CdL and 1.34% in CdH soil) and TCF degradation rate (half-life of 2.18 and 2.37 days in CdL and CdH soil, respectively). These results demonstrate that BJ-AS could effectively remove Cd and TCF from soil and is thus a feasible technology for the bioremediation of these co-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yue Tao
- College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shuangxi Li
- College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Tan Ke
- College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Sijie Wei
- College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lanzhou Chen
- College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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14
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Lee DG, Kim KM, Lee HS, Bae YC, Huh JW, Lee SR, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 5 prevents diethylhexyl phthalate-induced neuronal cell death by inhibiting mitochondrial fission in mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells. Neurotoxicology 2019; 74:242-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Shen C, Wang Y, Shen Q, Wang L, Lu Y, Li X, Wei J. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced the growth inhibition and oxidative damage in the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/227/5/052054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Fu Y, Dong J, Wang J, You M, Wei L, Fu H, Wang Y, Chen J. Developmental Exposure to Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Induces Cerebellar Granule Cell Apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:472-488. [PMID: 30636900 PMCID: PMC6318557 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.6.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an ubiquitous environmental contaminant because of its extensive use in plastics and its persistence. As an environmental endocrine disruptor, it is suspected to interfere with neurodevelopment in people. However, evidence of the effects of maternal DEHP exposure on cerebellar development in offspring is scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate maternal exposure to DEHP and its effect on apoptosis of cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) and related mechanisms. Pregnant Wistar rats were administrated DEHP (0, 30, 300 and 750 mg/kg/d) by gavage from gestational day (GD) 0 to postnatal day (PN) 21. Primary CGCs were also exposed to mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the main metabolite of DEHP, for 24 h with concentrations of 0, 25, 100 and 250 µM. The CGCs of male offspring from 300 and 750 mg/kg/d DEHP exposure groups showed significantly increased apoptosis. In addition, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited in the male offspring of the 300 and 750 mg/kg/d DEHP exposure groups. However, effects on female pups were not obvious. Apoptosis was also elevated and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited after primary CGCs were exposed to MEHP. Furthermore, apoptosis was reduced after treatment with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activator, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, and increased after treatment with LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results suggested that maternal DEHP exposure induced apoptosis in the CGCs of male pups via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and the apoptosis could be rescued by IGF1 and aggravated by LY294002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jianan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Mingdan You
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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