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Rivela CB, Griboff J, Arán DS, Cortés FL, Valdés ME, Harguinteguy CA, Monferrán MV. Single and combined phytoextraction of lead and cadmium on submerged plants Potamogeton pusillus L.: removal, bioaccumulation pattern, and phytotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:27452-27464. [PMID: 38512576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Under the present investigation, the submerged plant Potamogeton pusillus has been tested for the removal of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). P. pusillus removal efficiency and accumulation capacity were examined in separated Pb and Cd solutions, at 0.5, 1.0, and 2 mg L-1, and in solutions where both metals were present at the same concentration (0.5, 1.0, and 2 mg L-1), under laboratory conditions for 3, 7, and 10 days. Also, we examined the removal efficiency and accumulation capacity when a set of plants were exposed to 0.5 mg L-1 of Pb (or Cd) and increasing concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 mg L-1) of Cd (or Pb) for 10 days. The effect of Cd and Pb was assessed by measuring changes in the chlorophylls, carotenoids, and malondialdehyde contents. Results showed that P. pusillus could accumulate Cd and Pb from individual solutions. Roots and leaves accumulated the highest amount of Cd and Pb followed by the stems. Some phytotoxic effects were observed, especially at individual Cd exposures, but these effects were not observed in the two-metal system. The removal and accumulation of Pb by P. pusillus were significantly enhanced in the presence of Cd under certain conditions, presenting a good alternative for the removal of these metals from polluted aquifers. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first report on both enhanced phytoextraction of Pb in the presence of Cd and bioaccumulation of these heavy metals by P. pusillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia B Rivela
- CIBICI-CONICET - Centro de Inmunología y Bioquímica Clínica, CONICET, Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende Esq, Haya de La Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julieta Griboff
- CIBICI-CONICET - Centro de Inmunología y Bioquímica Clínica, CONICET, Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende Esq, Haya de La Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniela S Arán
- IMBIV-CONICET - Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Facundo L Cortés
- CIBICI-CONICET - Centro de Inmunología y Bioquímica Clínica, CONICET, Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende Esq, Haya de La Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Eugenia Valdés
- ICYTAC-CONICET - Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Bv. Juan Filloy S/N, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Harguinteguy
- IMBIV-CONICET - Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magdalena V Monferrán
- CIBICI-CONICET - Centro de Inmunología y Bioquímica Clínica, CONICET, Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende Esq, Haya de La Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Velasco-Arroyo B, Curiel-Alegre S, Khan AHA, Rumbo C, Pérez-Alonso D, Rad C, De Wilde H, Pérez-de-Mora A, Barros R. Phytostabilization of metal(loid)s by ten emergent macrophytes following a 90-day exposure to industrially contaminated groundwater. N Biotechnol 2024; 79:50-59. [PMID: 38128697 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Better understanding of macrophyte tolerance under long exposure times in real environmental matrices is crucial for phytoremediation and phytoattenuation strategies for aquatic systems. The metal(loid) attenuation ability of 10 emergent macrophyte species (Carex riparia, Cyperus longus, Cyperus rotundus, Iris pseudacorus, Juncus effusus, Lythrum salicaria, Menta aquatica, Phragmites australis, Scirpus holoschoenus, and Typha angustifolia) was investigated using real groundwater from an industrial site, over a 90-day exposure period. A "phytobial" treatment was included, with 3 plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strains. Plants exposed to the polluted water generally showed similar or reduced aerial biomass compared to the controls, except for C. riparia. This species, along with M. aquatica, exhibited improved biomass after bioaugmentation. Phytoremediation mechanisms accounted for more than 60% of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb removal, whilst abiotic mechanisms contributed to ∼80% removal of Fe and Zn. Concentrations of metal(loid)s in the roots were generally between 10-100 times higher than in the aerial parts. The macrophytes in this work can be considered "underground attenuators", more appropriate for rhizostabilization strategies, especially L. salicaria, M. aquatica, S. holoschoenus, and T. angustifolia. For I. pseudacorus, C. longus, and C. riparia; harvesting the aerial parts could be a complementary phytoextraction approach to further remove Pb and Zn. Of all the plants, S. holoschoenus showed the best balance between biomass production and uptake of multiple metal(loid)s. Results also suggest that multiple phytostrategies may be possible for the same plant depending on the final remedial aim. Phytobial approaches need to be further assessed for each macrophyte species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Sandra Curiel-Alegre
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; Research Group in Composting (UBUCOMP), University of Burgos, Faculty of Sciences, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Aqib Hassan Ali Khan
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Rumbo
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Alonso
- Research Group in Composting (UBUCOMP), University of Burgos, Faculty of Sciences, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Rad
- Research Group in Composting (UBUCOMP), University of Burgos, Faculty of Sciences, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Herwig De Wilde
- TAUW België nv, Dept. of Soil and Groundwater, Waaslandlaan 8A3, 9160 Lokeren, Belgium
| | - Alfredo Pérez-de-Mora
- TAUW GmbH, Dept. of Soil and Groundwater, Landsberger Str. 290, 80687 München, Germany
| | - Rocío Barros
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
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Ilyas MZ, Sa KJ, Ali MW, Lee JK. Toxic effects of lead on plants: integrating multi-omics with bioinformatics to develop Pb-tolerant crops. PLANTA 2023; 259:18. [PMID: 38085368 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Lead disrupts plant metabolic homeostasis and key structural elements. Utilizing modern biotechnology tools, it's feasible to develop Pb-tolerant varieties by discovering biological players regulating plant metabolic pathways under stress. Lead (Pb) has been used for a variety of purposes since antiquity despite its toxic nature. After arsenic, lead is the most hazardous heavy metal without any known beneficial role in the biological system. It is a crucial inorganic pollutant that affects plant biochemical and morpho-physiological attributes. Lead toxicity harms plants throughout their life cycle and the extent of damage depends on the concentration and duration of exposure. Higher levels of lead exposure disrupt numerous key metabolic activities of plants including oxygen-evolving complex, organelles integrity, photosystem II connectivity, and electron transport chain. This review summarizes the detrimental effects of lead toxicity on seed germination, crop growth, and yield, oxidative and ultra-structural alterations, as well as nutrient absorption, transport, and assimilation. Further, it discusses the Pb-induced toxic modulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, respiration, metabolic-enzymatic activity, osmolytes accumulation, and antioxidant activity. It is a comprehensive review that reports on omics-based studies along with morpho-physiological and biochemical modifications caused by lead stress. With advances in DNA sequencing technologies, genomics and transcriptomics are gradually becoming popular for studying Pb stress effects in plants. Proteomics and metabolomics are still underrated and there is a scarcity of published data, and this review highlights both their technical and research gaps. Besides, there is also a discussion on how the integration of omics with bioinformatics and the use of the latest biotechnological tools can aid in developing Pb-tolerant crops. The review concludes with core challenges and research directions that need to be addressed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahaib Ilyas
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Sa
- Department of Crop Science, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Korea
| | - Muhammad Waqas Ali
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Center, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ju Kyong Lee
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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Santos JDS, Pontes MDS, de Souza MB, Fernandes SY, Azevedo RA, de Arruda GJ, Santiago EF. Toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues BPF and BPS on the free-floating macrophyte Salvinia biloba. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140235. [PMID: 37734497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Evidence linking the toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) to environmental and public-health issues has led to restrictions on its use. This compound has been gradually replaced with analogues proposed as a safer alternative, normally bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), but these substitutes are structurally almost identical to BPA, suggesting they may pose similar risks. The effects of BPA and these analogues were compared for antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation, free-radical generation, photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll fluorescence in Salvinia biloba Raddi (S. biloba) plants exposed to environmentally relevant and sublethal concentrations (1, 10, 50, 100 and 150 μM). Bisphenol exposure promoted alterations in most of the physiological parameters investigated, with BPS toxicity differing slightly from that of the analogues. Furthermore, S. biloba removed similar levels of BPA and BPF from aqueous solutions with ≈70% removed at the 150 μM concentration, while BPS was less effectively removed, with only 23% removed at 150 μM. These findings show that high concentrations of bisphenols (10≥) are toxic to S. biloba, and even typical environmental levels (≤1 μM) can induce metabolic changes in plants, bringing to light that both BPA and its substitutes BPF and BPS pose risks to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline da Silva Santos
- Genetics Department, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Montcharles da Silva Pontes
- Natural Resources Program, Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, MS, Brazil; Research and Development Sector (R&D), Agróptica Instrumentation and Services Ltda (AGROPTICA), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Bispo de Souza
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Analytics Department, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Yasuda Fernandes
- Natural Resources Program, Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Genetics Department, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto José de Arruda
- Natural Resources Program, Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Etenaldo Felipe Santiago
- Natural Resources Program, Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Loureiro DB, Lario LD, Herrero MS, Salvatierra LM, Novo LAB, Pérez LM. Potential of Salvinia biloba Raddi for removing atrazine and carbendazim from aquatic environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:22089-22099. [PMID: 36282385 PMCID: PMC9938052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this exploratory study, naturally occurring Salvinia biloba Raddi specimens were assessed for atrazine and carbendazim polluted water remediation. Experiments were carried out over 21 days in glass vessels containing deionized water artificially contaminated with 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg L-1 of atrazine or carbendazim. Atrazine had a pronounced detrimental impact on S. biloba, as no biomass development was observed in all macrophytes exposed to this herbicide in the entire concentration range. However, carbendazim-treated plants were able to grow and survive in the polluted medium even when subjected to the highest concentration of this fungicide (i.e., 20 mg L-1). In addition, increased chlorosis and necrosis were also detected in plants subjected to carbendazim as a result of the high phytotoxicity caused by atrazine. A maximal removal efficiency of ~ 30% was observed for both pesticides at 5 mg L-1 and decreased with increasing concentrations of the pollutants. The spectrum of the FTIR-ATR analysis revealed the existence of various functional groups (e.g., amide, carboxyl, hydroxyl, phosphate, sulfate) on the plants, which could be related to pesticide biosorption. In addition, at the end of the 21-day assay, seven carbendazim-resistant bacteria could be isolated from the roots of fungicide-treated plants. Therefore, the use of autochthonous free-floating S. biloba macrophytes for phytoremediation of aquatic environments contaminated with carbendazim shows great promise. Still, additional research is required to further elucidate the plant-mediated carbendazim elimination process and the role of the herbicide-resistant bacteria, and seek alternative species capable of mitigating atrazine contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana B Loureiro
- Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA-campus Rosario), Av. Pellegrini 3314, S2002QEO, Rosario (Santa Fe), Argentina
| | - Luciana D Lario
- Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA-campus Rosario), Av. Pellegrini 3314, S2002QEO, Rosario (Santa Fe), Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Montevideo 3371, S2002QAC, Rosario (Santa Fe), Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Herrero
- Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA-campus Rosario), Av. Pellegrini 3314, S2002QEO, Rosario (Santa Fe), Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Montevideo 3371, S2002QAC, Rosario (Santa Fe), Argentina
| | - Lucas M Salvatierra
- Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA-campus Rosario), Av. Pellegrini 3314, S2002QEO, Rosario (Santa Fe), Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Montevideo 3371, S2002QAC, Rosario (Santa Fe), Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luís A B Novo
- Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
| | - Leonardo M Pérez
- Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA-campus Rosario), Av. Pellegrini 3314, S2002QEO, Rosario (Santa Fe), Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Montevideo 3371, S2002QAC, Rosario (Santa Fe), Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratori de Microbiologia Sanitària i Mediambiental (MSMLab), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC-BarcelonaTech), Rambla de Sant Nebridi 22, 08222, Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
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Chang W, Zhu X, Sun J, Pang Y, Zhang S. Effects of lead pollution on bacterial communities in biofilm attached to submerged plants. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:1358-1372. [PMID: 36178811 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Submerged plants and biofilms have significant advantages in hydro-ecology rehabilitation, but their tolerance and physiological responses to heavy metal stress have thus far been under-investigated. This study investigated the influence of lead on physiological and biochemical responses, as well as variation in bacterial communities and functional characteristics of submerged plant biofilms. The results showed that chlorophyll a content of two submerged plants decreased with increased lead concentration. The concentration of malondialdehyde of both submerged plants was higher under high lead concentrations than under low lead concentrations, and the concentrations of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in Vallisneria natans were more stable. The antioxidant enzyme systems of the two plants played protective roles against lead stress. High lead concentration can inhibit the bacterial community and lead to decreased diversity. The most abundant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria (40.9%), Cyanobacteria (21.5%), and Bacteroidetes (14.3%). Proteobacteria abundance decreased with increased lead concentration, while Cyanobacteria abundance increased. The lead concentration in plants (19.7%, P < 0.01) and the lead concentration in aquatic environment (17.7%, P < 0.01) were significantly correlated with variation in bacterial communities. High lead concentration inhibits the activity of these bacteria related to the conversion of nitrogen and sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Chang
- Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China E-mail: ; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Synergistic Control of Pollution and Carbon Emissions in Key Industries, Nanjing 210000, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China E-mail: ; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Synergistic Control of Pollution and Carbon Emissions in Key Industries, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jieli Sun
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yong Pang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Songhe Zhang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Mathur J, Chauhan P, Srivastava S. Comparative evaluation of cadmium phytoremediation potential of five varieties of Helianthus annuus L. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:799-810. [PMID: 35997040 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Helianthus annuus is a potential metal accumulator plant, which can find application in cadmium (Cd) phytoremediation and provide economic gains in terms of oil yield. This study is focused on Cd accumulation analysis, physiological and biochemical responses of five varieties of H. annuus (DRSF-108, DRSF-113, LSFH-171, Phule Bhaskar and KBSH-44). Plantlets of all varieties were treated with various Cd concentrations (10, 50, 100, 300 and 500 mg kg-1) for 20, 40 and 60 days. DRSF-108 showed the maximum total Cd accumulation (430.52 mg kg-1) in whole plant while minimum accumulation was observed in KBSH-44 (150.66 mg kg-1) at 500 mg kg-1 Cd after 60 days. The highest level of proline and polyphenol in DRSF-108 were 27.206 µmol g-1 fw and 6.86 mg g-1 fw, respectively. Antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) also showed increased activity in response to Cd treatment. SEM-EDX analysis of potential accumulator genotype, DRSF-108, showed the distribution of intracellular Cd into plant tissues. Therefore, it is concluded that among five varieties, DRSF-108 was the most potential Cd accumulator and had a higher capacity for Cd tolerance compared to other varieties. Our findings may allow us to extend variety DRSF-108 for sustainable farming and Cd remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Mathur
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priti Chauhan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Emiliani J, Oyarce WGL, Salvatierra LM, Novo LAB, Pérez LM. Evaluation of Cadmium Bioaccumulation-Related Physiological Effects in Salvinia biloba: An Insight towards Its Use as Pollutant Bioindicator in Water Reservoirs. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122679. [PMID: 34961150 PMCID: PMC8703266 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Free-living macrophytes play an important role in the health of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the use of aquatic plants as metal biomonitors may be a suitable tool for the management of freshwater reservoirs. Hence, in this study, we assessed the effects of cadmium (Cd) in Salvinia biloba specimens collected from the Middle Paraná River during a 10-day experiment employing artificially contaminated water (100 μM Cd). S. biloba demonstrated a great ability for Cd bioaccumulation in both the root-like modified fronds (named "roots") and the aerial leaf-like fronds (named "leaves") of the plants. Additionally, Cd toxicity was determined by the quantification of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b, and carotenoids), flavonoids, and soluble carbohydrate contents in S. biloba over time (1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days). In general, deterioration was more pronounced in leaves than in roots, suggesting a greater implication of the former in long-term Cd sequestration in S. biloba. Deleterious effects in the appraised parameters were well correlated with the total amount of Cd accumulated in the leaves, and with the qualitative changes observed in the plants' phenotype during the 10-day metal exposure assay. The flavonoids and carotenoids in leaves were highly affected by low Cd levels followed by root carbohydrates. In contrast, chlorophylls and root flavonoids were the least impacted physiological parameters. Therefore, our results demonstrate that S. biloba displays dissimilar organ-linked physiological responses to counteract Cd phytotoxicity and that these responses are also time-dependent. Though further research is needed, our work suggests that easy-handled physiological data obtained from autochthonous free-floating S. biloba specimens may be used as a valuable tool for metal-polluted water biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Emiliani
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (Bio&TecMA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO-UCA), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314, Rosario S2002QEO, Santa Fe, Argentina or (J.E.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Wendi G. Llatance Oyarce
- Centro de Análisis Espectrofotométrico, Universidad Nacional de Jaén, Jirón Cuzco 250, Jaén 06801, Peru;
| | - Lucas M. Salvatierra
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (Bio&TecMA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO-UCA), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314, Rosario S2002QEO, Santa Fe, Argentina or (J.E.); (L.M.S.)
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Luís A. B. Novo
- Scotland’s Rural College, West Mains Road, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- Correspondence: (L.A.B.N.); (L.M.P.); Tel.: +441-316-519-339 (L.A.B.N.); +549-341-421-130 (L.M.P.)
| | - Leonardo M. Pérez
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (Bio&TecMA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO-UCA), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314, Rosario S2002QEO, Santa Fe, Argentina or (J.E.); (L.M.S.)
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Correspondence: (L.A.B.N.); (L.M.P.); Tel.: +441-316-519-339 (L.A.B.N.); +549-341-421-130 (L.M.P.)
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9
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de Freitas F, Vendruscolo SJ, Soares MA, Battirola LD, de Andrade RLT. Biomass of the macrophyte remedies and detoxifies Cd(II) and Pb(II) in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:537. [PMID: 34331150 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic plants are considered to be important remedial agents in aquatic environments contaminated by metals. The Salvinia biloba macrophyte was evaluated in relation to its removal kinetics, adsorption capacity, and toxicology, aiming at its application in the removal of Cd+2 and Pb+2 ions from aqueous solutions. A batch-type system was used, in which the plants were cultivated in microcosms containing nutritive solution and metallic ions, stored in a controlled environment (pH, temperature, and luminosity). The removal kinetics consisted in the analysis of efficiency, varying the concentrations of the metals, and time of cultivation of plants in solution. To describe the process, adsorption isotherms were constructed with the equilibrium data, which were later adjusted to Langmuir and Freundlich models. The toxicological trial was performed by sub-acute exposure test of Caenorhabditis elegans nematode to phytoremediated solutions. The results highlight the remedial effect of the plant in solutions contaminated with both metals. The kinetic study demonstrated that the plant responds differently to metals, and physical-chemical and biological processes can be attributed to the removal of metals from the solution by the plant. The equilibrium time obtained was 48 h for both metals, and the adsorption capacity was higher for Cd2+. The toxicological evaluation indicates that there was a reduction in toxicity after the remediation of the solutions by S. biloba, for all times and concentrations evaluated. Salvinia biloba was efficient for the removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+ metals from aqueous solution. The plant is a low-cost metal biosorbent and can be considered promising for phytoremediation strategies in liquid effluents and water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele de Freitas
- Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1.200, St. Industrial, Sinop, Mato Grosso, 78556-064, Brazil.
| | - Suzana Junges Vendruscolo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Soares
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Leandro Dênis Battirola
- Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1.200, St. Industrial, Sinop, Mato Grosso, 78556-064, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lopes Tortorela de Andrade
- Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1.200, St. Industrial, Sinop, Mato Grosso, 78556-064, Brazil
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10
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Delgado-González CR, Madariaga-Navarrete A, Fernández-Cortés JM, Islas-Pelcastre M, Oza G, Iqbal HMN, Sharma A. Advances and Applications of Water Phytoremediation: A Potential Biotechnological Approach for the Treatment of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5215. [PMID: 34068925 PMCID: PMC8157233 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Potable and good-quality drinking water availability is a serious global concern, since several pollution sources significantly contribute to low water quality. Amongst these pollution sources, several are releasing an array of hazardous agents into various environmental and water matrices. Unfortunately, there are not very many ecologically friendly systems available to treat the contaminated environment exclusively. Consequently, heavy metal water contamination leads to many diseases in humans, such as cardiopulmonary diseases and cytotoxicity, among others. To solve this problem, there are a plethora of emerging technologies that play an important role in defining treatment strategies. Phytoremediation, the usage of plants to remove contaminants, is a technology that has been widely used to remediate pollution in soils, with particular reference to toxic elements. Thus, hydroponic systems coupled with bioremediation for the removal of water contaminants have shown great relevance. In this review, we addressed several studies that support the development of phytoremediation systems in water. We cover the importance of applied science and environmental engineering to generate sustainable strategies to improve water quality. In this context, the phytoremediation capabilities of different plant species and possible obstacles that phytoremediation systems may encounter are discussed with suitable examples by comparing different mechanistic processes. According to the presented data, there are a wide range of plant species with water phytoremediation potential that need to be studied from a multidisciplinary perspective to make water phytoremediation a viable method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Raziel Delgado-González
- Área Académica de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico; (C.R.D.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (M.I.-P.)
| | - Alfredo Madariaga-Navarrete
- Área Académica de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico; (C.R.D.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (M.I.-P.)
| | - José Miguel Fernández-Cortés
- Centre of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pablo 76130, Mexico;
| | - Margarita Islas-Pelcastre
- Área Académica de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico; (C.R.D.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (M.I.-P.)
| | - Goldie Oza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Parque Tecnológico, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Mexico;
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Centre of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pablo 76130, Mexico;
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11
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Prospects in Cadmium-Contaminated Water Management Using Free-Living Cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria sp.). WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the removal of cadmium (Cd) by free-living Oscillatoria sp. was studied. Our results showed that maximal Cd removal efficiency (~60%) by the cyanobacterial culture was achieved within 12–24 h in the presence of 5.0 or 25.0 mg/L of Cd. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon were explored by elemental analysis and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. It was found that metal adsorption by negatively charged functional groups in the cyanobacterial biomass was the main mechanism used by Oscillatoria sp. to remove metal from the aqueous medium, followed by Cd bioaccumulation into living cells. Additionally, Cd-exposed microalgae showed increased oxidative stress (MDA formation), a decreased dehydrogenase activity, a higher amount of soluble carbohydrates and a decreased total carotenoid concentration, as compared to the control cells. These results suggest that Oscillatoria sp. improved its antioxidative defense system under stressful conditions, through carotenoid-mediated ROS quenching and induction of carbohydrate catabolism, in order to counteract the oxidative damage and preserve the photosynthetic machinery and cellular energetics. In fact, no significant reduction in Oscillatoria sp. cell density, total protein amount, and chlorophyll a content was observed after 24-h Cd exposure, even at the highest metal concentration tested (i.e., 25.0 mg/L). Hence, the presented results are the first to describe some new insights about the metabolic and physiological behavior of living Oscillatoria sp. during Cd remediation, and open up the possibility of finding an equilibrium that maximizes metal removal performance with an active cyanobacterial metabolism, to achieve a rewarding and sustainable management of industrial metal-polluted wastewater.
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12
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da Silva Santos J, da Silva Pontes M, Grillo R, Fiorucci AR, José de Arruda G, Santiago EF. Physiological mechanisms and phytoremediation potential of the macrophyte Salvinia biloba towards a commercial formulation and an analytical standard of glyphosate. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127417. [PMID: 32623201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (Gly) is the most widely used herbicide in the world and has broad-spectrum and non-selective activity. Its indiscriminate use hence risks contamination of water bodies and can affect living organisms, especially sensitive or resistant non-target plants. Despite this, studies on physiological mechanisms and Gly remediation in Neotropical aquatic plants remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the physiological mechanisms of the aquatic macrophyte Salvinia biloba on exposure to different concentrations of a Gly commercial formulation (Gly-CF) and a Gly analytical standard (Gly-AS). Furthermore, using square-wave voltammetry (SWV), we determined whether the studied plant could remove Gly from water. Our data suggest that Gly-AS and Gly-CF induce similar physiological responses in S. biloba. However, Gly-CF was more phytotoxic. Depending on the concentration, the two forms of Gly affected the plants, decreasing the chlorophyll a and b contents and the photosystem II (PSII) photochemical activity. The data also revealed that Gly promoted oxidative stress and increased the shikimic acid concentration. At the same time, the plants removed Gly from water, with 100% removal for 1 mg L-1 Gly and above 60% removal for the other concentrations studied. Therefore, our results suggest that S. biloba may be a potential phytoremediation agent for low Gly concentrations, since 1 mg L-1 Gly was completely removed and exhibited low phytotoxicity. This study deepens our scientific understanding of the Gly impact on and the phytoremediation potential of S. biloba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline da Silva Santos
- Grupo de Estudos em Recursos Vegetais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos em Eletroquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Montcharles da Silva Pontes
- Grupo de Estudos em Recursos Vegetais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Renato Grillo
- Laboratório de Nanoquímica Ambiental, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Brasil, 56, Centro, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Rogério Fiorucci
- Grupo de Estudos em Eletroquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto José de Arruda
- Grupo de Estudos em Eletroquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Etenaldo Felipe Santiago
- Grupo de Estudos em Recursos Vegetais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Huang S, Song Q, Li Q, Zhang H, Luo X, Zheng Z. Damage of heavy metals to Vallisneria natans (V. natans) and characterization of microbial community in biofilm. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 225:105515. [PMID: 32516672 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals can cause a significant damage to submerged macrophytes and affect its periphyton biofilms in aquatic environments. This study investigated the effects of heavy metals such as copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and their mixture on physiological and biochemical responses and ultrastructure characteristics of Vallisneria natans (V. natans). Furthermore, differences in structures of microbial communities were observed in biofilms. The results showed that Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and their mixture could destroy cell structure and photosynthetic system, and directly caused oxidative damage to submerged macrophyte and induced antioxidant enzyme system. In general, biomass and total chlorophyll content of V. natans noticeably decreased, while the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were enhanced by heavy metal stress inducement in restricted range, and the malondialdehyde content increased with the aggravation of the damage. The single heavy metal stress played a negative impact, however, the combined stress was not always synergistic effects on plants. High-throughput sequencing analysis suggested that heavy metals changed the abundance and structure of the microbial biofilm community. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidete were the dominant bacteria under heavy metal stress and other species and abundance of bacteria such as Firmicute, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Chlamydiae were also present. These findings provided useful information for further understanding about submerged macrophytes and periphyton biofilms responsed to heavy metal stress in aquatic environments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Qixuan Song
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Xingzhang Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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14
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Variations in the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Metal-polluted Water with Salvinia biloba: Prospects and Toxicological Impacts. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of heavy metals in industrial wastewater is unanimously considered a major concern since these pollutants cannot be chemically or biologically degraded and therefore have long residence times. Phytoremediation is one of the most widespread biotechnological applications worldwide, which consists in the use of plants to adsorb or accumulate a broad range of inorganic and organic contaminants from water, air, and soil. To improve the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of phytoremediation-based wastewater treatment systems, it is essential to use plants that are not only efficient in pollutants removal, but also abundant and easily accessible at the target site, requiring no-special culture conditions. In this study, we have evaluated the capacity of naturally-occurring aquatic macrophytes of the genus Salvinia (classified as Salvinia biloba) to phytoremediate water artificially contaminated with cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), or zinc (Zn) at equal molar concentrations (50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM), during 48 h. Additionally, photosynthetic and antioxidant pigments (carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, and flavonoids), and soluble carbohydrate content was also measured in floating leaves of Salvinia specimens to appraise heavy metals phytotoxicity. Elemental analyses to plant tissue indicate that S. biloba was able to bioconcentrate all four metals analyzed, albeit with different degrees of affinity. In addition, the mechanisms of uptake and detoxification were dissimilar for each ion, resulting in greater removal of Cu and Pb (≥96%, at both concentrations), in comparison to Cd (79 ± 4% and 56 ± 2% for 50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM, respectively) and Zn (77 ± 5% and 70 ± 4% for 50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM, respectively). Accordingly, the assessment of the selected physiological parameters in floating leaves suggests that different response mechanisms are triggered by each metal in S. biloba to counteract the corresponding toxicological stress.
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15
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Dos Santos NBC, de Arruda ECP, de Pinna GFDAM, Neto AGB, de Oliveira AFM. Assessing the effects of water quality on leaf morphoanatomy, ultrastructure and photosynthetic pigment content of Salvinia auriculata Aubl. (Salviniaceae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110061. [PMID: 31846859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of physical-chemical and biological variables of the water of the Capibaribe River (state of Pernambuco, Brazil) on leaf anatomy, including ultrastructure and photosynthetic pigment of Salvinia auriculata. Specimens of S. auriculata collected in the Gurjaú River, an area with a low pollution degree, were acclimatized in Hoagland's solution and then subjected to three water samples of the Capibaribe River with different levels of pollution. Twenty-one physical-chemical and biological variables were analyzed according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. The results showed that the samples of the Capibaribe River presented nine parameters that did not comply with the current Brazilian legislation. After 15 days of bioassay, S. auriculata presented variations in mesophyll and cuticle thickness, changes in trichome morphology and accumulation of phenolic compounds. No significant differences were observed for photosynthetic pigment content and leaf length of S. auriculata. Multivariate analyses (PCA and Cluster) showed that the point in the Capibaribe River with the highest number of variables that do not comply with the current legislation was responsible for major structural and chemical changes observed in S. auriculata.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emília Cristina Pereira de Arruda
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Adauto Gomes Barbosa Neto
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310, Santo Amaro, Recife, PE, 50100-130, Brazil
| | - Antônio Fernando Morais de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50.670-901, Brazil.
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16
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Liu Z, Lu B, He B, Li X, Wang LA. Effect of the pyrolysis duration and the addition of zeolite powder on the leaching toxicity of copper and cadmium in biochar produced from four different aquatic plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109517. [PMID: 31394377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the biochar yield of four aquatic plants, the leaching toxicity of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in the biochar, and the stabilization characteristics of the biochar produced under different pyrolysis conditions (at 350 °C for 1, 2, and 3 h and absence/presence of zeolite powder). The results showed that different plant species required a different pyrolysis duration and the presence or absence of zeolite powder. The stabilization of Cu and Cd was significantly affected by the pyrolysis duration and the external materials for different plant species and different types of admixtures. Pyrolysis temperatures over 350 °C for 1 h without zeolite powder generated stable Cu and Cd in goldfish algae (Ceratophyllum demersum L.), foxtail algae (Myriophyllum verticillatum L.), and penny grass (Hydrocotyle vulgaris). Pyrolysis temperatures over 350 °C for 1 h with zeolite powder made Cu and Cd stable in water celery (Oenanthe javanica (Bl.) DC). The addition of zeolite powder during pyrolysis was possible due to the weight reduction efficiency in plants with Cu and Cd. Furthermore, the surface of the biochar with the zeolite powder showed honeycombs and a spongy porous structure. The duration of the pyrolysis had little effect on the honeycomb pore structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchuang Liu
- Green Intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, 16 Juxian Rd. Lidu, Fuling District of Chongqing, China; Chongqing Multiple-source Technology Engineering Research Center for Ecological Environment Monitoring, Yangtze Normal University, 16 Juxian Rd. Lidu, Fuling District of Chongqing, China.
| | - Bangjun Lu
- Fuling Environmental Monitoring Center, 3 Taibai Rd, Fuling New District of Chongqing, China
| | - Benyang He
- Green Intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, 16 Juxian Rd. Lidu, Fuling District of Chongqing, China; Chongqing Multiple-source Technology Engineering Research Center for Ecological Environment Monitoring, Yangtze Normal University, 16 Juxian Rd. Lidu, Fuling District of Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- International Policy, Faculty of Law and Economics, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Li-Ao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
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Ergönül MB, Nassouhi D, Atasağun S. Modeling of the bioaccumulative efficiency of Pistia stratiotes exposed to Pb, Cd, and Pb + Cd mixtures in nutrient-poor media. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:201-209. [PMID: 31475565 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1652566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation capacity of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) including heavy metals has been well documented. However, its bioaccumulative efficiency for Pb, Cd, and Pb + Cd mixtures in nutrient-poor media is neglected. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the bioaccumulative efficiency of the water lettuce by evaluating the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and goodness-of-fit to regression models. Plants were exposed to various concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Pb + Cd mixtures in tap water for 1, 4, and 7 days. Heavy metal accumulation in whole plant tissue was measured with ICP-MS. The highest bioaccumulation rate was recorded at 1 day exposure tests for both metals as 14.9 mg/kg for Pb and 2.21 mg/kg for Cd. The BCFs for Pb and Cd ranged between 0.13 and 2.39 and 0.08 to 1.24, respectively. The modeling of the BCFs and exposure duration indicate that all of the models developed were significant. The R2 values were higher for single metal exposure tests. The model fitted curves demonstrate the decrease in BCFs with increasing exposure duration in all groups. Our results indicate that water lettuce can be used to treat nutrient-poor media polluted with low levels of Pb, Cd, and Pb + Cd mixtures for short incubation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danial Nassouhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Atasağun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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