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Chen J, Gao G, Liu X. The characteristics of PtHSP40 gene family in Phaeodactylum tricornutum and its response to environmental stresses. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106625. [PMID: 38959781 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Diatom has evolved response mechanisms to cope with multiple environmental stresses. Heat shock protein 40 (HSP40) plays a key role in these response mechanisms. HSP40 gene family in higher plants has been well-studied. However, the HSP40 gene family has not been systematically investigated in marine diatom. In this study, the bioinformatic characteristics, phylogenetic relationship, conserved motifs, gene structure, chromosome distribution and the transcriptional response of PtHSP40 to different environmental stresses were analyzed in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and quantitative real-time PCR was conducted. Totally, 55 putative PtHSP40 genes are distributed to 21 chromosomes. All PtHSP40 proteins can be divided into four groups based on their evolutionary relationship, and 54 of them contain a conserved HPD (histidine-proline-aspartic acid tripeptide) motif. Additionally, six, eleven, ten and four PtHSP40 genes were significantly upregulated under the treatments of nitrogen starvation, phosphorus deprivation, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated biphenyl ether (BDE-47) and ocean acidification, respectively. More interestingly, the expression level of 9 PtHSP40 genes was obviously upregulated in response to nickel stress, suggesting the sensitive to metal stress. The different expression models of PtHSP40 genes to environmental stresses imply the specificity of PtHSP40 proteins under different stresses. This study provides a systematic understanding of the PtHSP40 gene family in P. tricornutum and a comprehensive cognition in its functions and response mechanisms to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Qadeer A, Mubeen S, Liu M, Bekele TG, Ohoro CR, Adeniji AO, Alraih AM, Ajmal Z, Alshammari AS, Al-Hadeethi Y, Archundia D, Yuan S, Jiang X, Wang S, Li X, Sauvé S. Global environmental and toxicological impacts of polybrominated diphenyl ethers versus organophosphate esters: A comparative analysis and regrettable substitution dilemma. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133543. [PMID: 38262318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the global environment is increasing, which aligns with the decline in the usage of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). PBDEs, a category of flame retardants, were banned and classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through the Stockholm Convention due to their toxic and persistent properties. Despite a lack of comprehensive understanding of their ecological and health consequences, OPEs were adopted as replacements for PBDEs. This research aims to offer a comparative assessment of PBDEs and OPEs in various domains, specifically focusing on their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT) properties. This study explored physicochemical properties (such as molecular weight, octanol-water partition coefficient, octanol-air partition coefficient, Henry's law constant, and vapor pressures), environmental behaviors, global concentrations in environmental matrices (air, water, and soil), toxicities, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer mechanisms of both groups of compounds. Based on the comparison and analysis of environmental and toxicological data, we evaluate whether OPEs represent another instance of regrettable substitution and global contamination as much as PBDEs. Our findings indicate that the physical and chemical characteristics, environmental behaviors, and global concentrations of PBDEs and OPEs, are similar and overlap in many instances. Notably, OPE concentrations have even surged by orders of several magnitude compared to PBDEs in certain pristine regions like the Arctic and Antarctic, implying long-range transport. In many instances, air and water concentrations of OPEs have been increased than PBDEs. While the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of PBDEs (ranging from 4.8 to 7.5) are slightly elevated compared to OPEs (-0.5 to 5.36) in aquatic environments, both groups of compounds exhibit BAF values beyond the threshold of 5000 L/kg (log10 BAF > 3.7). Similarly, the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) for PBDEs (ranging from 0.39 to 4.44) slightly surpass those for OPEs (ranging from 1.06 to 3.5) in all cases. Metabolic biotransformation rates (LogKM) and hydrophobicity are potentially major factors deciding their trophic magnification potential. However, many compounds of PBDEs and OPEs show TMF values higher than 1, indicating biomagnification potential. Collectively, all data suggest that PBDEs and OPEs have the potential to bioaccumulate and transfer through the food chain. OPEs and PBDEs present a myriad of toxicity endpoints, with notable overlaps encompassing reproductive issues, oxidative stress, developmental defects, liver dysfunction, DNA damage, neurological toxicity, reproductive anomalies, carcinogenic effects, and behavior changes. Based on our investigation and comparative analysis, we conclude that substituting PBDEs with OPEs is regrettable based on PBT properties, underscoring the urgency for policy reforms and effective management strategies. Addressing this predicament before an exacerbation of global contamination is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadeer
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Sidra Mubeen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China; Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Superior University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Tadiyose Girma Bekele
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, 23 East Elm Avenue, Quincy, MA 02170, USA
| | - Chinemerem R Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North, West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Abiodun O Adeniji
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Lesotho, Lesotho
| | - Alhafez M Alraih
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Mohail Aseer, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ahmad S Alshammari
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yas Al-Hadeethi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Denisse Archundia
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico
| | - Shengwu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Xixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Campus MIL, 1375 Av. Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal H2V 0B3, QC, Canada
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Han M, Xie P, Ren N, Ho SH. Cytoprotective alginate microcapsule serves as a shield for microalgal encapsulation defensing sulfamethoxazole threats and safeguarding nutrient recovery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133454. [PMID: 38198867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Microalgal encapsulation technology is expected to broaden more possibilities for employing microalgae for upgrading conventional biological wastewater treatment. However, only limited and fragmented information is currently available on microalgal encapsulation and pollutant removal. It is ambiguous whether it hold potential for wastewater treatment. Particularly, it remains to be determined whether this technology can provide more possibilities in harsh sewage environments. Here, potential of encapsulated technology to recover nutrients from wastewater was examined, simultaneously compared with commonly adopted suspended system. Results indicate the encapsulated microalgal system showed outstanding advantages in nutrient recovery and defense against antibiotic threats. Moreover, by examining the cellular oxidative stress response and changes of the photosynthetic system, the encapsulated system exhibited potential cytoprotective advantages to microalgal cells for defensing antibiotic threats. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the differences among superficial aggregation between the nutrients' ions and molecular sulfamethoxazole on the cross-linked alginate microcapsule surface dominated the nutrient recovery and cytoprotective functions. Ultimately, the molecular nature of pollutants was found to be the most critical aspect for predicting application of this microalgal microcapsule. Cytoprotective systems created with alginate microcapsules can potentially handle more diverse threats with a single type of surface charge in their outermost layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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Zhuang H, Qin M, Liu B, Li R, Li Z. Combination of transcriptomics, metabolomics and physiological traits reveals the effects of polystyrene microplastics on photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108201. [PMID: 37995577 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Although microplastic pollution has been widely studied, the mechanism by which they influence plant photosynthesis and carbon and nitrogen metabolism remains unclear. We aimed to explore the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS) on photosynthesis and carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber using 5 μm and 0.1 μm PS particles. The PS treatments significantly reduced the stability of cucumber mesophyll cells and photosynthetic parameters and increased the soluble sugar content in cucumber leaves. The 5 μm PS affected the photosynthetic pathway by changing the expression of enzyme genes required for the synthesis of NADPH and ATP, which decreased the photosynthetic capacity in cucumber leaves. However, 0.1 μm PS altered the genes expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), which affected the intercellular CO2 concentration and attenuated the negative effects on photosynthetic efficiency. Additionally, PS reduced the expression levels of nitrate/nitrite transporter (NRT) and nitrate reductase (NR), reducing the nitrogen use efficiency in cucumber leaves and mesophyll cells damage through increased accumulation of reduced glutathione (GSH), γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-GC), and citrulline. This study provides a new scientific basis for exploring the effects of microplastics on plant photosynthesis and carbon and nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhuang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Mengru Qin
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Ruijing Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Zhenxia Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China; Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
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Hu J, Zhang N, Srinivasan B, Yang J, Tang K, Zhang L, Liu X, Zhang X. Photosynthetic response mechanism to polybrominated diphenyl ether exposure in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115245. [PMID: 37451097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contamination is common in aquatic environments and can severely damage aquatic organisms. However, there is a lack of information on the response and self-adaptation mechanisms of these organisms. Chlorella pyrenoidosa was treated with 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47), causing significant growth inhibition, pigment reduction, oxidative stress, and chloroplast atrophy. Photosynthetic damage contributed to inhibition, as indicated by Fv/Fm, Chl a fluorescence induction, photosynthetic oxygen evolution activity, and photosystem subunit stoichiometry. Here, Chl a fluorescence induction and quinone electron acceptor (QA-) reoxidation kinetics showed that the PSII donor and acceptor sides were insensitive to BDE47. Quantitative analyses of D1 and PsaD proteins illustrated that PSII and PSI complexes were the main primary targets of photosynthesis inhibition by BDE47. Significant modulation of PSII complex might have been caused by the potential binding of BDE47 on D1 protein, and molecular docking was performed to investigate this. Increased activation of antioxidant defense systems and photosystem repair as a function of exposure time indicated a positive resistance to BDE47. After a 5-day exposure, 23 % of BDE47 was metabolized. Our findings suggest that C. pyrenoidosa has potential as a bioremediator for wastewater-borne PBDEs and can improve our understanding of ecological risks to microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | | | - Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Kaixin Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Lifei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xueli Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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6
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Wang J, Song J, Qi H, Zhang H, Wang L, Zhang H, Cui C, Ji G, Muhammad S, Sun G, Xu Z, Zhang H. Overexpression of 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin alleviates the NaHCO 3 stress-induced photoinhibition and reactive oxygen species damage of tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107876. [PMID: 37413942 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx) is a mercaptan peroxidase localized in chloroplasts and has unique catalytic properties. To explore the salt stress tolerance mechanisms of 2-Cys Prx in plants, we analyzed the effects of overexpressing the 2-CysPrx gene on the physiological and biochemical metabolic processes of tobacco under NaHCO3 stress through joint physiological and transcriptomic analysis. These parameters included growth phenotype, chlorophyll, photosynthesis, and antioxidant system. After NaHCO3 stress treatment, a total of 5360 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in 2-Cysprx overexpressed (OE) plants, and the number of DEGs was significantly lower than 14558 in wild-type (WT) plants. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in photosynthetic pathways, photosynthetic antenna proteins, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Overexpressing 2-CysPrx significantly reduced the growth inhibition of tobacco induced by NaHCO3 stress, alleviating the down-regulation of the DEGs related to chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic electron transport and the Calvin cycle and the up-regulation of those related to chlorophyll degradation. In addition, it also interacted with other redox systems such as thioredoxins (Trxs) and the NADPH-dependent Trx reductase C (NTRC), and mediated the positive regulation of the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and the expression of related genes, thereby reducing the accumulation of superoxide anion (O2·-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In conclusion, 2-CysPrx overexpression could alleviate the NaHCO3 stress-induced photoinhibition and oxidative damage by regulating chlorophyll metabolism, promoting photosynthesis and participating in the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, and thus improve the ability of plants to resist salt stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongling Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Hongjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Congcong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guangxin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Salman Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhiru Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Hou X, Yan Y, Wang Y, Jiang T, Zhang X, Dai X, Igarashi Y, Luo F, Yang C. An insight into algicidal characteristics of Bacillus altitudinis G3 from dysfunctional photosystem and overproduction of reactive oxygen species. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136767. [PMID: 36241112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms negatively affect aquatic ecosystems and human health. Algicidal bacteria can efficiently kill bloom-causing cyanobacteria. Bacillus altitudinis G3 isolated from Dianchi Lake shows high algicidal activity against Microcystis aeruginosa. In this study, we investigated its algicidal characteristics including attack mode, photosynthesis responses, and source and the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results showed that G3 efficiently and specifically killed M. aeruginosa mainly by releasing both thermolabile and thermostable algicidal substances, which exhibited the highest algicidal activity (99.8%, 72 h) in bacterial mid-logarithmic growth phase. The algicidal ratio under full-light conditions (99.5%, 60 h) was significantly higher than under dark conditions (<20%, P < 0.001). G3 filtrate caused photosystem dysfunction by decreasing photosynthetic efficiency, as indicated by significantly decreased Fv/Fm and PIABS (P < 0.001) values. It also inhibited photosynthetic electron transfer as indicated by significantly decreased rETR (P < 0.001), especially QA- downstream, as revealed by significantly decreased φEo and ψo, and increased Mo (P < 0.001). These results indicated that the algicidal activity of G3 filtrate is light-dependent, and the cyanobacterial photosystem is an important target. Cyanobacterial ROS and malondialdehyde contents greatly increased by 37.1% and 208% at 36 h, respectively. ROS levels decreased by 49.2% (9 h) when diuron (3-(3-4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) partially blocked photosynthetic electron transport from QA to QB. Therefore, excessive ROS were produced from disrupted photosynthesis, especially the inhibited electron transport area in QA- downstream, and caused severe lipid peroxidation with significantly increased MDA content and oxidative stress in cyanobacteria. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine significantly decreased both cyanobacterial ROS levels (34%) and algicidal ratio (52%, P < 0.05) at 39 h. Thus, excessive ROS production due to G3 filtrate administration significantly contributed to its algicidal effect. G3 could be an excellent algicide to control M. aeruginosa blooms in waters under suitable light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Hou
- Chongqing Key Lab of Bio-resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yaoyao Yan
- Chongqing Key Lab of Bio-resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Chongqing Key Lab of Bio-resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xianzhu Dai
- Chongqing Key Lab of Bio-resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yasuo Igarashi
- Chongqing Key Lab of Bio-resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Chongqing Key Lab of Bio-resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Caiyun Yang
- Chongqing Key Lab of Bio-resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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8
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Yan J, Zou Y, Zhang F, Zhang S, Huang X, Benoit G. Growth, ROS accumulation site, and photosynthesis inhibition mechanism of Chlorella vulgaris by triclosan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:12125-12137. [PMID: 36107294 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the addition of triclosan (TCS) in consumer products has been strictly restricted, its continuous applications in hospitals and other medical facilities and its numerous residues still pose a potential risk to aquatic organisms and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the growth, biochemical alterations, and physiological responses of Chlorella vulgaris exposed to different concentrations of TCS. The potential toxicity mechanisms associated with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of photosynthetic system II (PSII) were also analyzed. The results indicated that the growth, cellular ultrastructure, and physiology of C. vulgaris were severely affected by TCS in a dose-effect dependent manner. TCS inhibited the growth of C. vulgaris, leading to mitochondria enlargement, the disordering of the arrangement of thylakoids, cell wall rupture, organelles loss, and the cytoplasm lysis. TCS induced severe oxidative damage characterized by ROS accumulation, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), and up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, in TCS-induced algal cells, the main sites of ROS accumulation were chloroplasts, mitochondria, and cell membranes, with ROS accumulating most in the mitochondria. In addition, TCS caused damage to the reaction center (RC inactivation), donor side (OEC damage), and accepted side (electron transport from QA to QB) of PSII in C. vulgaris, leading to inhibition of photosynthetic activity. These results could provide novel insights into the mechanisms of TCS-induced ROS accumulation and photosynthetic inhibition in C. vulgaris, which would contribute to a deep understanding of TCS toxicity on algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Xinyue Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Gaboury Benoit
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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Liu Q, Gao K, Li L, Yang M, Gao Z, Deng X. Salinity fluctuation influences the toxicity of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 8mim]Cl) to a marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114379. [PMID: 36435022 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a marine diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) was exposed to 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8mim]Cl) for 96 h at three different salinities (25, 35, and 45 ‰) for investigating their interactive effects. Results showed that values of EC10 and EC50 at 96 h of exposure were 0.29, 1.06, 2.01 μg L-1 and 7.21, 7.71, 7.25 mg L-1 when the salinities were 25, 35, and 45 ‰, respectively, meaning that salinity fluctuation affected the toxicity of [C8mim]Cl to this diatom. Changes in chlorophyll a contents and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters suggested that [C8mim]Cl and salinity fluctuation had a significant interactive effect on the algal photosynthesis. In addition, soluble protein content and activities of antioxidant enzymes in algal cells changed significantly. Increased malondialdehyde contents indicated that the combined stresses could induce excessive production of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative damage to the algal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqing Li
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Deng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Tang X, Zhao Y. Toxicity of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on the green microalgae Chlorella sp. and the role of cellular oxidative stress. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113810. [PMID: 35665619 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are toxic to marine organisms including the major primary producer phytoplankton, while the toxic mechanisms haven't yet been fully clarified. Therefore, we comprehensively studied the toxic mechanisms of BDE-47 on the marine chlorophyte Chlorella sp., with a focus on the role of cellular oxidative stress. The results indicate that BDE-47 stress resulted in the inhibition of population growth as well as cell death and programmed cell death. The antioxidant system was activated in both low and high BDE-47 treatments, but only microalgal cells in the high BDE-47 treatment showed cellular oxidative stress. By adding ROS inhibitor, the relief of photosynthetic inhibition, Ca2+ overproduction and cell death was found. Therefore, we conclude that photosynthetic damage, cell death and cellular oxidative stress were the major mechanisms of BDE-47 toxicity to Chlorella sp., and that cellular oxidative stress played an important role in mediating the other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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11
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Shi X, Guo R, Lu D, Wang P, Dai X. Toxicity Effects of Combined Mixtures of BDE-47 and Nickel on the Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050211. [PMID: 35622625 PMCID: PMC9143900 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nickel and 2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) are two environmental pollutants commonly and simultaneously present in aquatic systems. Nickel and BDE-47 are individually toxic to various aquatic organisms. However, their toxicity mechanisms are species-dependent, and the toxic effects of combined mixtures of BDE-47 and nickel have not yet been investigated. The present study investigated the toxic effects of combined mixtures of BDE-47 and nickel in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BDE-47 and nickel mixtures significantly decreased cell abundance and photosynthetic efficiency, while these cells’ reactive oxygen species (ROS) production significantly increased. The EC50-72 h for BDE-47 and mixtures of BDE-47 and nickel were 16.46 ± 0.93 and 1.35 ± 0.06 mg/L, respectively. Thus, combined mixtures of the two pollutants enhance their toxic effects. Interactions between BDE-47 and nickel were evaluated, revealing synergistic interactions that contributed to toxicity in P. tricornutum. Moreover, transcriptomic analyses revealed photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, the biosynthesis of amino acids, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, oxoacid metabolism, organic acid metabolism, carboxylic acid metabolism, and oxidation-reduction processes were considerably affected by the mixtures. This study provides evidence for the mechanisms of toxicity from combined BDE-47 and nickel exposure while also improving our understanding of the ecological risks of toxic chemicals on microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pengbin Wang
- Correspondence: (P.W.); micro (X.D.); Tel.: +86-182-6886-1647 (P.W.); +86-137-3546-6556 (X.D.)
| | - Xinfeng Dai
- Correspondence: (P.W.); micro (X.D.); Tel.: +86-182-6886-1647 (P.W.); +86-137-3546-6556 (X.D.)
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12
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Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhang H, Huo Y, Liu X, Che Y, Wang J, Sun G, Zhang H. The phytotoxicity of exposure to two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE47 and BDE209) on photosynthesis and the response of the hormone signaling and ROS scavenging system in tobacco leaves. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128012. [PMID: 34923383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the response and adaptative mechanism of plants to the organic pollutants PBDEs, physiological and transcriptomic techniques were used to study the effects of exposure to BDE47 and BDE209 on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plant growth, physiological function and response of key genes. Exposure to both BDE47 and BDE209 inhibited the growth of tobacco plants. The number of down-regulated DEGs following exposure to BDE47 was significantly higher than that following exposure to BDE209. Enrichment analysis using the KEGG showed that BDE47 and BDE209 primarily affected tobacco leaf photosynthesis-antenna proteins, photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction and α-linolenic acid metabolism. BDE47 primarily inhibits the synthesis of Chl a, and BDE209 has a more significant impact on Chl b. Most photosynthesis-related DEGs were concentrated in PSII and PSI; the number of down-regulated DEGs in PSI was significantly higher than that in PSII, and the range in which the PSI activity was reduced was also higher than that of PSII, i.e., PSII and PSI (particularly PSI) were sensitive to the effects of exposure to BDE47 and BDE209 on photosynthesis. The increase of the ratio of regulatory energy dissipation played an important protective role in alleviating the photoinhibition of PSII. Exposure to BDE47 and BDE209 can lead to the accumulation of ROS in tobacco leaves, but correspondingly, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, CAT, APX and GPX and the up-regulated expression of their coding genes play an important role in preventing excessive oxidative damage. Exposure to BDE47 and BDE209 promoted the up-regulation of gene expression related to Pro synthesis. In particular, the Pro synthetic process of the Orn pathway was promoted. Exposure to BDE47 and BDE209 induced the up-regulated expression of genes related to the synthesis of ABA and JA, promoted the synthesis of ABA and JA, and activated ABA and JA signal transduction pathways. In conclusion, both BDE47 and BDE209 inhibit the synthesis of chlorophyll and hinder the process of light energy capture and electron transfer in tobacco leaves. BDE47 was more toxic than BDE209. However, tobacco leaves can also adapt to BDE47 and BDE209 by regulating the antioxidant system, accumulating Pro and initiating the hormone signal transduction process. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the phytotoxicity mechanism of PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongtao Yu
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuze Huo
- College of resources and environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- College of resources and environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanhui Che
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiechen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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13
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Teng L, Zhu Y, Li H, Song X, Shi L. The phytotoxicity of microplastics to the photosynthetic performance and transcriptome profiling of Nicotiana tabacum seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113155. [PMID: 35007831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), as emerging "new generation" organic contaminants, have attracted extensive attention regarding their severe toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. However, the responses of plant photosynthesis to soil MP pollution are unclear. In this study, Nicotiana tabacum seedlings were grown in soils containing 0~1000 g·kg-1 polyethylene (PE)-MPs for 48 days. PE-MPs significantly increased the superoxide anion content by 15.3~44.8% but decreased the chlorophyll content and Rubisco activity by 4.3~14.0% and 4.23~30.9%, respectively. PE-MPs also inhibited RuBP carboxylation activation and regeneration, restrained light use efficiency, and prevented dark respiration, thereby reducing the light-saturated photosynthesis rate. The changed shape of OJIP transients indicated that PE-MP toxicity inhibited not only the primary photochemistry rate but also photoelectrochemical quenching, resulting in decreased quantum yields. RNA-Seq revealed thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 79 highly expressed DEGs were enriched in photosynthesis-related processes. Functional annotation revealed that the reduction in environment stress was mainly due to the repressed expression of light harvesting-, electron transport- and photosystem-related genes in chloroplasts. This study regarding the physiological and molecular responses of photosynthetic performance to soil PE-MP pollution provides a new viewpoint for exploring the plant photosynthesis regulating and protective mechanisms under soil MP stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Teng
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, De'zhou 253023, China
| | - Yihao Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Haibin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiliang Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Lianhui Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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14
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Wu D, Yang C, Zhang X, Hou X, Zhang S, Dai X, Zhang X, Igarashi Y, Luo F. Algicidal effect of tryptoline against Microcystis aeruginosa: Excess reactive oxygen species production mediated by photosynthesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150719. [PMID: 34606873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms significantly decrease water quality and can damage ecosystems and, as such, require efficient control methods. Algicidal bacteria and their associated substances are promising tools for controlling cyanobacterial blooms; however, their specific algicidal mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the current study sought to investigate the algicidal mechanism of tryptoline (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9 h-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) against Microcystis aeruginosa, with a specific focus on the contribution made by reactive oxygen species (ROS), the underlying mechanisms of ROS increase, as well as the photosystem response. Results show that the algicidal ratio of tryptoline significantly and positively correlates with algal ROS. Moreover, 93.79% of the algicidal ratio variation is attributed to ROS in the tryptoline group, while only 47.75% can be attributed to ROS in the tryptoline + N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) group, where ROS are partially scavenged by NAC. In the presence of tryptoline, algicidal effect and ROS levels were significantly enhanced in the presence of light as compared to those in the dark (P < 0.001). Hence, the increase in ROS production attributed to tryptoline is primarily affected by the presence of light and photosynthesis. Additionally, tryptoline significantly reduces Fv/Fm, PIABS, ETo/RC, and the expression of psaB and psbA genes related to photosynthesis, while increasing Vj and DIo/RC (P < 0.05). These results suggest that tryptoline hinders algal photosynthesis by significantly decreasing photosynthetic efficiency and carbon assimilation, inhibiting photochemical electron transfer, and increasing closed reaction centers and energy loss. Moreover, following partial blockade of the photosynthetic electron transfer from QA to QB by diuron (3-(3-4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea), the ROS of algae exposed to tryptoline is significantly decreased. Thus, tryptoline inhibits electron transfer downstream of QA, which increase the number of escaping electron and thereby increase ROS generation. Collectively, this study describes the algicidal mechanism of tryptoline against M. aeruginosa and highlights the critical factors associated with induction of algicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Wu
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Caiyun Yang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xiping Hou
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xianzhu Dai
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yasuo Igarashi
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Feng Luo
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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15
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Li Z, Fenghua J, Xiangfeng K, Yang W, Jingru W, Tianpeng Z, Zhaoyu W, Yingying Z. Toxic effect of BDE-47 on the marine alga Skeletonema costatum: Population dynamics, photosynthesis, antioxidation and morphological changes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131674. [PMID: 34392200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on the marine alga Skeletonema costatum were studied, including the population dynamics, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, pigment content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and morphology. High doses (200-600 μg L-1) of BDE-47 significantly suppressed the population growth of S. costatum, with a 96 h EC50 value of 293 μg L-1. Photosynthetic parameters (Fv/Fm, rETRmax and ΦPSⅡ) of photosystem II (PSII) were significantly inhibited with increasing BDE-47 concentrations. The chlorophyll c (chl c) concentration was also inhibited by exposure to BDE-47. In contrast, chl a and carotenoid concentrations were elevated after exposure to high concentrations of BDE-47 for 72 and 96 h. The SOD activity was generally higher at concentrations of 100-600 μg L-1 than those of the control when the exposure time was less than 48 h. With increasing time, the SOD activity generally decreased, and significantly higher SOD activity only occurred in the treatment with high doses of BDE-47. High MDA contents occurred after exposure for 96 h in all BDE-47 treatments. With increasing BDE-47 concentrations, drastic deformation of the silicious valve and detachment of the strutted processes were found. In addition, drastic decreases in the BDE-47 concentration in culture medium indicated the bioaccumulation of BDE-47 by S. costatum. Our results revealed multiple responses of S. costatum to BDE-47 exposure, and indicated the potential risk of BDE-47 in the East China Sea based on these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Li
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, 266061, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao, 266061, China; Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Jiang Fenghua
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao, 266061, China.
| | - Kong Xiangfeng
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Wang Yang
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Wang Jingru
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Zhang Tianpeng
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Wang Zhaoyu
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Zhang Yingying
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, 266061, China
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16
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Liu X, Li Y, Zheng X, Zhang L, Lyu H, Huang H, Fan Z. Anti-oxidant mechanisms of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under acute GenX exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149005. [PMID: 34311359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
GenX, a substitute for perfluorooctanoic acid, has been widely detected in surface water. Due to its bioaccumulation, toxicity and persistence, GenX can cause adverse effects such as oxidative damage on aquatic organisms. To investigate the toxicity of GenX and the anti-oxidant mechanism of algae under acute exposure, the growth, photosynthetic activity and gene expression of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) were tested. Results showed that the growth of C. pyrenoidosa was inhibited under acute GenX exposure. The toxicity of GenX increased with time and concentration but was lower than that of the traditional perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Furthermore, with the increase of GenX concentration, the production of reactive oxygen species increased, while the level of the anti-oxidant enzyme first increased and then decreased. Changes in photosynthetic parameters also indicated that the photosynthetic system of C. pyrenoidosa was negatively affected by GenX exposure. Transcription analysis revealed that the up-regulation of genes related to the glutathione-ascorbate cycle and photosynthesis is a positive strategy to cope with the oxidative stress caused by acute GenX exposure. Our findings provide new insights into the interactions between emerging PFASs and aquatic organisms at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanyao Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haoxuan Lyu
- ANU College of Engineering & Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Honghui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Zhengqiu Fan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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17
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Zhang X, Tang X, Yang Y, Sun Z, Ma W, Tong X, Wang C, Zhang X. Responses of the reproduction, population growth and metabolome of the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis to tributyl phosphate (TnBP). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116462. [PMID: 33497947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The typical alkyl organophosphorus flame retardant tributyl phosphate (TnBP) can leak from common products into the marine environment, with potential negative effects on marine organisms. However, risk assessments for TnBP regarding zooplankton are lacking. In this study, a marine rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, was used to analyze the effect of TnBP (0.1 μg/L, environmental concentration; 1 and 6 mg/L) on reproduction, population growth, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and metabolomics. Mortality increased as the TnBP concentration rose; the 24-h LC50 value was 12.45 mg/L. All tested TnBP concentrations inhibited B. plicatilis population growth, with reproductive toxicity at the higher levels. Microstructural imaging showed ovary injury, the direct cause of reproductive toxicity. Despite elevated glutathione reductase activities, levels of reactive oxygen species and malonyldialdehyde increased under TnBP stress, indicating oxidative imbalance. TnBP induced mitochondrial malformation and activity suppression; the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine alleviated this inhibition, suggesting an internal connection. Nontargeted metabolomics revealed 398 and 583 differentially expressed metabolites in the 0.1 μg/L and 6 mg/L treatments relative to control, respectively, which were enriched in the pathways such as biosynthesis of amino acids, purine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. According to metabolic pathway analysis, oxidative stress from purine degradation, mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbed lipid metabolism and elevated protein synthesis were jointly responsible for reproduction and population growth changes. This study echoes the results previously found in rotifer on trade-off among different life processes in response to environmental stress. Our systematic study uncovers the TnBP toxic mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenqian Ma
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chengmin Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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