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Oranchuk DJ, Bodkin SG, Boncella KL, Harris-Love MO. Exploring the associations between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in aging adults: A systematic review with meta-analyses. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:820-840. [PMID: 38754733 PMCID: PMC11336328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment and quantification of skeletal muscle within the aging population is vital for diagnosis, treatment, and injury/disease prevention. The clinical availability of assessing muscle quality through diagnostic ultrasound presents an opportunity to be utilized as a screening tool for function-limiting diseases. However, relationships between muscle echogenicity and clinical functional assessments require authoritative analysis. Thus, we aimed to (a) synthesize the literature to assess the relationships between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in older adults (≥60 years), (b) perform pooled analyses of relationships between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function, and (c) perform sub-analyses to determine between-muscle relationships. METHODS CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to identify articles relating skeletal muscle echogenicity to physical function in older adults. Risk-of-bias assessments were conducted along with funnel plot examination. Meta-analyses with and without sub-analyses for individual muscles were performed utilizing Fisher's Z transformation for the most common measures of physical function. Fisher's Z was back-transformed to Pearson's r for interpretation. RESULTS Fifty-one articles (n = 5095, female = ∼2759, male = ∼2301, 72.5 ± 5.8 years, mean ± SD (1 study did not provide sex descriptors)) were extracted for review, with previously unpublished data obtained from the authors of 13 studies. The rectus femoris (n = 34) and isometric knee extension strength (n = 22) were the most accessed muscle and physical qualities, respectively. The relationship between quadriceps echogenicity and knee extensor strength was moderate (n = 2924, r = -0.36 (95% confidence interval: -0.38 to -0.32), p < 0.001), with all other meta-analyses (grip strength, walking speed, sit-to-stand, timed up-and-go) resulting in slightly weaker correlations (r: -0.34 to -0.23, all p < 0.001). Sub-analyses determined minimal differences in predictive ability between muscle groups, although combining muscles (e.g., rectus femoris + vastus lateralis) often resulted in stronger correlations with maximal strength. CONCLUSION While correlations are modest, the affordable, portable, and noninvasive ultrasonic assessment of muscle quality is a consistent predictor of physical function in older adults. Minimal between-muscle differences suggest that echogenicity estimates of muscle quality are systemic. Therefore, practitioners may be able to scan a single muscle to estimate full-body skeletal muscle quality/composition, while researchers should consider combining multiple muscles to strengthen the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Oranchuk
- Muscle Morphology, Mechanics, and Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Stephan G Bodkin
- Muscle Morphology, Mechanics, and Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Katie L Boncella
- Muscle Morphology, Mechanics, and Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael O Harris-Love
- Muscle Morphology, Mechanics, and Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Li J, Wu Z, Lu B, Li C, Wang S, Zhang J, Shen X, Xiang R, Chen J, Jiang T, Zhao C, Liu W, Xu X. The Differences in Parameters in Ultrasound Imaging and Biomechanical Properties of the Quadriceps Femoris with Unilateral Knee Osteoarthritis in the Elderly: A Preliminary Observational Study. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:1479-1491. [PMID: 39220855 PMCID: PMC11363936 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s442610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our study aims to evaluate differences in muscle parameters of the quadriceps muscles in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in older adults. Methods The study included 40 patients diagnosed with unilateral knee osteoarthritis in the KOA group (KG) and 40 asymptomatic elderly individuals in the control group (CG). Muscle ultrasonic mean echo intensity and shear modulus, as well as tone and stiffness of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), and vastus lateralis (VL) were analyzed. Additionally, clinical correlations were performed. Results In the KG group, there were significant differences in echo intensity, shear modulus, and tone between the affected and unaffected sides for RF (p=0.003, 0.019, 0.014), while VM showed significant differences in shear modulus and tone (p=0.006, 0.002). Additionally, VL exhibited significant differences in echo intensity, shear modulus, and stiffness (p=0.007, 0.006, 0.010). Compared to the CG group, the KG group showed significant differences in echo intensity of the affected side RF (p=0.001). VM exhibited statistically significant differences in echo intensity and shear modulus (p < 0.001, p=0.008), while VL showed statistically significant differences in echo intensity, tone, and stiffness (p < 0.001, p=0.028, p < 0.001). The correlation results showed that patients with unilateral KOA, VM, and VL echo intensity were correlated with K-L grade (r = 0.443, p=0.004; r = 0.469, p=0.002). The tone of VL was correlated with VAS and WOMAC (r = 0.327, p=0.039; r = 0.344, p=0.030). Conclusion The parameters of the quadriceps femoris muscle exhibit asymmetry between the affected and unaffected sides in patients with unilateral KOA, as well as a difference between the dominant side of healthy older individuals and the affected side of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Osteoarthropathy II, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zugui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Osteoarthropathy II, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Congcong Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Shen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruian Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanxi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wengang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Martin-Rodriguez S, Gonzalez-Henriquez JJ, Bautista IJ, Calbet JAL, Sanchis-Moysi J. Interplay of Muscle Architecture, Morphology, and Quality in Influencing Human Sprint Cycling Performance: A Systematic Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:81. [PMID: 39026135 PMCID: PMC11258115 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aimed to discern the relationships between muscle morphology, architecture, and quality with sprint cycling performance while considering the multifaceted nature of these relationships across diverse studies. METHODS Employing the PRISMA guidelines, an exhaustive search was performed across four primary databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, and SPORTDiscus. The Methodological Index For Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Out of 3971 initially identified records, only 10 studies met the eligibility criteria. RESULTS These investigations underscored the robust relationship of quadriceps muscle volume with peak power output (R2 from 0.65 to 0.82), suggesting its pivotal role in force production. In muscle architecture, the pennation angle and fascicle length showed varied associations with performance. Furthermore, muscle quality, as denoted by echo intensity, showed preliminary evidence of a potential inverse relationship with performance. The methodological quality assessment revealed varied scores, with the most consistent reporting on the aim, endpoints, and inclusion of consecutive patients. However, limitations were observed in the prospective calculation of study size and unbiased assessment of study endpoints. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that muscle volume is a major determinant of sprint cycling performance. Muscle architecture and quality also impact performance, although in a more intricate way. The review calls for standardised methodologies in future research for a more comprehensive understanding and comparability of results. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023432824 ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=432824 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Martin-Rodriguez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Canary Islands, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain
| | - Juan J Gonzalez-Henriquez
- Department of Mathematics, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Iker J Bautista
- Institute of Sport, Nursing, and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichister, PO19 6PE, UK
| | - Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Canary Islands, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain
- Department of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Postboks, 4014 Ulleval Stadion, Oslo, 0806, Norway
| | - Joaquin Sanchis-Moysi
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain.
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Canary Islands, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain.
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Prell T, Grimm A, Axer H. Uncovering sarcopenia and frailty in older adults by using muscle ultrasound-A narrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1333205. [PMID: 38828232 PMCID: PMC11140070 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1333205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle ultrasound is a valuable non-invasive and cost-effective method in assessing muscle mass and structure, both of which are significant indicators for the development of sarcopenia and frailty in elderly individuals. Sarcopenia refers to the loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with age, whereas frailty is a complex geriatric syndrome characterized by reduced physical function and an increased susceptibility to negative health outcomes. Both conditions are prevalent in older adults and are associated with higher risks of falls, disability, and mortality. By measuring muscle size and structure and several other ultrasound parameters, including muscle thickness, cross-sectional area, echogenicity (brightness in the ultrasound image), pennation angle, and fascicle length ultrasound can assist in identifying sarcopenia and frailty in older adults. In addition, ultrasound can be used to evaluate muscle function such as muscle contraction and stiffness, which may also be affected in sarcopenia and frailty. Therefore, muscle ultrasound could lead to better identification and tracking of sarcopenia and frailty. Such advancements could result in the implementation of earlier interventions to prevent or treat these conditions, resulting in an overall improvement in the health and quality of life of the elderly population. This narrative review describes the benefits and challenges when using ultra-sound for the evaluation of frailty and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Prell
- Department of Geriatrics, Halle University Hospital, Halle, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Grimm
- Department of Neurology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubertus Axer
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Maruyama M, Kagaya Y, Kajiwara S, Oikawa T, Horikawa M, Fujimoto M, Sasaki M. The relationship between sarcopenic obesity and changes in quadriceps muscle thickness and echo intensity in patients with stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38590086 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2024.2340369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research findings on skeletal muscle degeneration in post-stroke sarcopenic obesity are limited. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between post-stroke sarcopenic obesity and quantitative and qualitative changes in skeletal muscles. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted on patients with stroke admitted to the convalescent rehabilitation ward. For skeletal muscle assessment, an ultrasound system was used to measure quadriceps muscle thickness and echo intensity (QMT and QEI) on the paretic and non-paretic sides. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as the presence of both sarcopenia and obesity. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relationships between sarcopenic obesity and QMT and QEI. RESULTS A total of 130 patients with stroke were included in this study (mean age: 69.4 ± 12.7 years). The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was 23.1%. The multiple regression analysis showed that sarcopenic obesity was significantly negatively associated with QMT on both the paretic and non-paretic sides (paretic side: β = -0.28, p < 0.001; non-paretic side: β = -0.37, p < 0.001) and significantly positively associated with QEI (paretic side β = 0.21, p = 0.034; non-paretic side: β = 0.20, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Post-stroke sarcopenic obesity was independently associated with quantitative and qualitative changes in skeletal muscles on both the paretic and non-paretic sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Maruyama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, Akita, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuki Kagaya
- Department of Rehabilitation, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, Akita, Japan
| | - Sota Kajiwara
- Department of Rehabilitation, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, Akita, Japan
| | - Takuto Oikawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, Akita, Japan
| | - Manabu Horikawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, Akita, Japan
| | - Mika Fujimoto
- Department of Nutrition, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, Akita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sasaki
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, Akita, Japan
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Mizukami Y, Onishi H, Mifuku Y, Kubota M, Ikeda R, Hayashi H, Yamamura O. The role of fat indices as factors leading to sarcopenia in older adults residing in underpopulated areas. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:70-73. [PMID: 38292122 PMCID: PMC10822752 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Simplifying the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia is key to establishing effective interventions. Herein, we aimed to clarify novel diagnostic factors. We calculated novel fat indices [total fat index (TFI) and limb fat index (LFI)] and clarified factors leading to pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia in 594 enrolled older adults. Physical measurements [height, weight, body mass index (BMI), gait speed, grip strength, and skeletal muscle mass] were performed. Sarcopenia was determined using established diagnostic criteria (pre-sarcopenia, n = 102; sarcopenia, n = 42). Age was associated with sarcopenia status. BMI, TFI, and LFI were lower in patients with pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia. Logistic regression analysis showed the following odds ratios (ORs) for pre-sarcopenia: BMI [OR: 0.787, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-0.885], LFI (OR: 0.589, 95% CI: 0.402-0.863), and age (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.1). ORs for sarcopenia (vs pre-sarcopenia) were as follows: LFI (OR: 50.6, 95% CI: 10.2-250.0), age (OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0-1.2), and BMI (OR: 0.418, 95% CI: 0.28-0.608). Our findings contribute to informing medical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Mizukami
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1104, Japan
- Fukui Kosei Hospital, Fukui, Fukui 918-8135, Japan
| | - Hidenori Onishi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yuta Mifuku
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Fukui Hospital, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1104, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kubota
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Ryouko Ikeda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, Jin-ai University, Echizen, Fukui 915-0015, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1104, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamamura
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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Akazawa N, Funai K, Hino T, Tsuji R, Tamura W, Tamura K, Hioka A, Moriyama H. Increase in protein intake is related to decreasing intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps in older inpatients: A longitudinal study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:136-143. [PMID: 38056997 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.09.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Several randomized controlled trials indicated that an increase in protein intake decreases intramuscular adipose tissue of the thigh in mobility-limited or pre-frail older persons and stroke patients. However, whether the increase in protein intake in older inpatients is related to decreasing intramuscular adipose tissue remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationship between intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps and protein intake in older inpatients. METHODS This longitudinal study included 193 older inpatients (aged ≥65 years) (median [IQR] age: 83.0 [77.0-88.0]). The primary outcomes were changes in intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps and protein intake. Intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle mass of the quadriceps were examined using ultrasound images (i.e., quadriceps echo intensity and thickness). The changes in quadriceps echo intensity and protein intake were calculated by subtracting the quadriceps echo intensity and protein intake at admission from those values at discharge. Multiple linear regression analysis adjusting for confounding factors was used to determine whether the change in protein intake was independently and significantly related to changes in quadriceps echo intensity and thickness. RESULTS Quadriceps echo intensity at discharge (81.3 ± 20.6 [a.u.]) was significantly lower than at admission (84.0 ± 20.5 [a.u.]). Protein intake at discharge (1.2 [1.0-1.4] g/kg/day) was significantly higher than at admission (1.2 [0.9-1.4] g/kg/day). Change in protein intake was negatively and significantly related to the change in quadriceps echo intensity. In contrast, change in protein intake was not independently and significantly related to change in quadriceps thickness. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that an increase in protein intake is related to a decrease in intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps in older inpatients. Nutritional intervention for increasing protein intake in older inpatients may be essential for decreasing intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Akazawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Keita Funai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kasei Tamura Hospital, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hino
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kasei Tamura Hospital, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ryota Tsuji
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kasei Tamura Hospital, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Wataru Tamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kasei Tamura Hospital, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kimiyuki Tamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kasei Tamura Hospital, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akemi Hioka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Moriyama
- Life and Medical Sciences Area, Health Sciences Discipline, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Yuan H, Kim M. Meta-Analysis on the Association between Echo Intensity, Muscle Strength, and Physical Function in Older Individuals. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2023; 27:329-337. [PMID: 37743684 PMCID: PMC10772333 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.23.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of ultrasonographic echo intensity (EI) to evaluate skeletal muscle quality and its effects on strength, explosive power, and physical function (PF) in older individuals remains unclear. This meta-analysis evaluated the associations among EI, muscle strength (MS), and PF in older individuals. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SPORT Discus, and CINAHL databases through October 2022 to identify primary studies examining the association between EI and MS/PF. Effect sizes were computed using a random-effects model and presented using forest plots. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and I2 statistics were used to measure heterogeneity. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 24 patients. EI demonstrated a negative association with maximal strength (r=-0.351; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.411 to -0.288; p<0.001) and explosive power (r=-0.342; 95% CI, -0.517 to -0.139; p=0.001) in older individuals. Handgrip strength also showed a significant negative correlation with EI (r=-0.361; 95% CI, -0.463 to -0.249; p<0.001). However, we observed only a small and non-significant negative association between EI and gait speed (r=-0.003; 95% CI, -0.083 to -0.077; p=0.943), and a weak non-significant correlation with the chair stand test (r=0.072; 95% CI, -0.045 to 0.187; p=0.227). CONCLUSION Increased EI was associated with lower strength and power but not with gait speed or chair test performance in older individuals. Further large-sample studies with long-term follow-up are needed to improve frailty prediction and risk assessment in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yuan
- Sports Medicine Lab., Department of Physical Education, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Maengkyu Kim
- Sports Medicine Lab., Department of Physical Education, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Sports Science Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Mizuno T, Matsui Y, Tomida M, Suzuki Y, Ishizuka S, Watanabe T, Takemura M, Nishita Y, Tange C, Shimokata H, Imagama S, Otsuka R, Arai H. Relationship between quadriceps muscle computed tomography measurement and motor function, muscle mass, and sarcopenia diagnosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1259350. [PMID: 38047116 PMCID: PMC10693452 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1259350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The quadriceps muscle is one of the human body's largest and most clinically important muscles and is evaluated using mid-thigh computed tomography (CT); however, its relationship with motor function and sarcopenia remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the relationship between the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps muscle, CT attenuation value (CTV), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry muscle mass measurements, and muscle strength and motor function to evaluate the relationship between muscle mass loss and motor function decline, determine the diagnostic ability for sarcopenia, and confirm the usefulness of quadriceps muscle CT evaluation. Methods A total of 472 middle-aged and older community dwellers (254 men and 218 women) aged ≥40 years (mean age: 62.3 years) were included in this study. The quantity and quality of the quadriceps muscle were assessed using CSA and CTV (CSA×CTV) as a composite index multiplied by quality and quantity. Age-adjusted partial correlations by sex with eight motor functions (knee extension muscle strength, power, normal walking speed, fast walking speed, grip strength, sit-up ability, balance ability, and reaction time) were evaluated, including correction methods for height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Further, the accuracy of sarcopenia diagnosis was evaluated using appendicular muscle mass with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements, grip strength, and walking speed as the gold standard, and receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to evaluate diagnostic performance. Results In men, CSA and CSA×CTV were significantly associated with seven of the eight motor functions (p<0.05), excluding only balance ability. BMI-corrected CSA was significantly correlated with all eight motor functions in men and women (p<0.05). In the diagnosis of sarcopenia based on skeletal muscle index, CSA (area under the curve (AUC) 0.935) and CSA×CTV (AUC 0.936) and their correction by height (CSA/height (AUC 0.917) and CSA×CTV/height (AUC 0.920)) were highly accurate and useful for diagnosis in men but moderately accurate in women (CSA (AUC 0.809), CSA×CTV (AUC 0.824), CSA/height (AUC 0.799), CSA×CTV/height (AUC 0.814)). Conclusion The present results showed that a single CT image of the quadriceps muscle at the mid-thigh is useful for diagnosing sarcopenic changes, such as loss of muscle mass, muscle weakness, and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Mizuno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome, National Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObu, Obu, Japan
| | - Yasumoto Matsui
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome, National Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObu, Obu, Japan
| | - Makiko Tomida
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuo Suzuki
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome, National Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObu, Obu, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Human Care Engineering, Nihon Fukushi University, Mihama, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishizuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome, National Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObu, Obu, Japan
| | - Marie Takemura
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome, National Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObu, Obu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Chikako Tange
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rei Otsuka
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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10
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Kitagawa T, Nakamura M, Fukumoto Y. Usefulness of muscle echo intensity for evaluating functional performance in the older population: A scoping review. Exp Gerontol 2023; 182:112301. [PMID: 37776985 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Muscle echo intensity, as measured by ultrasonography, could be used as a new marker of functional performance in older populations. This scoping review aimed to present evidence on the utility of muscle echo intensity as determined by ultrasonography for assessing functional performance in older adults. The eligibility criterion included observational studies that investigated the associations between muscle echo intensity and functional performance in older adults. Terms, such as "echo intensity" and "older adults", were searched for in databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane database of systematic reviews, and the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, in April 2021. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted the data; 46 papers, of which almost one-third were Japanese, were subsequently identified for inclusion. The representative functional performances included in this review were muscle strength, gait speed, sit-to-stand test results, and timed up-and-go test results. Poor to moderate associations were found between muscle echo intensity and functional performance; however, heterogeneities were observed in the characteristics of study participants. Moreover, the accurate effect size and causal inferences between muscle echo intensity and functional performance remained unclear. Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine these causal inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kitagawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Nakamura
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishi Kyushu University, 4490-9 Ozaki, Kanzaki 842-8585, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan.
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11
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Mirón-Mombiela R, Ruiz-España S, Moratal D, Borrás C. Assessment and risk prediction of frailty using texture-based muscle ultrasound image analysis and machine learning techniques. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 215:111860. [PMID: 37666473 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate texture-based muscle ultrasound image analysis for the assessment and risk prediction of frailty phenotype. This retrospective study of prospectively acquired data included 101 participants who underwent ultrasound scanning of the anterior thigh. Participants were subdivided according to frailty phenotype and were followed up for two years. Primary and secondary outcome measures were death and comorbidity, respectively. Forty-three texture features were computed from the rectus femoris and the vastus intermedius muscles using statistical methods. Model performance was evaluated by computing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) while outcome prediction was evaluated using regression analysis. Models developed achieved a moderate to good AUC (0.67 ≤ AUC ≤ 0.79) for categorizing frailty. The stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that they correctly classified 70-87% of the cases. The models were associated with increased comorbidity (0.01 ≤ p ≤ 0.18) and were predictive of death for pre-frail and frail participants (0.001 ≤ p ≤ 0.016). In conclusion, texture analysis can be useful to identify frailty and assess risk prediction (i.e. mortality) using texture features extracted from muscle ultrasound images in combination with a machine learning approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Mirón-Mombiela
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València/INCLIVA, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Hospital General Universitario de Valencia (HGUV), Valencia, Spain; Herlev og Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Silvia Ruiz-España
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - David Moratal
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València/INCLIVA, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Av/ de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), CIBER-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain.
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12
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Akima H, Yamamori K, Taniguchi K, Fujimiya M, Katayose M, Yoshiko A, Tanaka N. Effect of subcutaneous adipose tissue and muscle thicknesses on rectus femoris and vastus intermedius ultrasound echo intensities: a cadaver study. J Ultrasound 2023; 26:635-642. [PMID: 35947295 PMCID: PMC10469120 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-022-00696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) thickness and rectus femoris (RF) muscle thickness on RF and vastus intermedius (VI) echo intensity using human cadavers. METHODS The echo intensity of the RF and VI was measured in 11 legs of seven cadavers under three conditions: intact condition (Model 1), SCAT removed (Model 2), and SCAT and RF removed (Model 3). RESULTS RF echo intensity in Model 1 (69.2 ± 20.3 a.u.) was significantly lower than that in Model 2 (83.4 ± 15.9 a.u.) (P = 0.003). VI echo intensity in Models 1 to 3 showed similar results to RF echo intensity (P = 0.003 to 0.001). Regarding the relationship between VI echo intensity and VI muscle thickness, the regression lines shifted upward in a parallel fashion in the order Model 1, Model 2, and Model 3. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the variation in RF echo intensity was explained by RF muscle thickness (P = 0.036) and SCAT thickness (P = 0.001), while the variation in VI echo intensity was explained by RF muscle thickness (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION These results suggest that SCAT thickness and RF muscle thickness induce lower RF echo intensity, while RF muscle thickness induces lower VI echo intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Akima
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, 1 Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, 1 Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Yamamori
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, 1 Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keigo Taniguchi
- School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, S1 W17, Chuo, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Mineko Fujimiya
- School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1 W17, Chuo, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayose
- School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, S1 W17, Chuo, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Akito Yoshiko
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, 101 Tokodachi, Kaizu, Toyota, Aichi, 470-0393, Japan
| | - Noriko Tanaka
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, 1 Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, 1 Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
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13
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Iemitsu K, Fujie S, Uchida M, Inoue K, Shinohara Y, Iemitsu M. Dioscorea esculenta Intake with Resistance Training Improves Muscle Quantity and Quality in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112438. [PMID: 37299401 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance training and Dioscorea esculenta intake have a positive effect on muscle. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether 12-week Dioscorea esculenta intake combined with resistance exercise more effectively improves muscle quantity, quality, and cardiometabolic parameters in healthy middle-aged and older adults. This study is a double-blind trial with 66 volunteers (21 males/45 females; age 53 ± 5 years; body weight 61 ± 11 kg; BMI 24 ± 4 kg) who were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary-control with placebo (Sed and PL) or Dioscorea (Sed and Dio) and resistance training with placebo (RT and PL) or Dioscorea (RT and Dio). Resistance training sessions using elastic bands were performed 3 days/week for a 12-week period. Dioscorea esculenta tablets were ingested at 2000 mg/day once per day. The RT and Dio group showed greater improvements in the femoris muscle's thickness, echo intensity for the rectus femoris (index of muscle quality), and the five times sit-to-stand test compared to that of the Sed and PL group; the echo intensity in the RT and Dio group further improved compared to those in the Sed and Dio, and RT and PL groups (p < 0.05). The circulating levels of C1q (a potential biomarker of muscle fibrosis) in the RT and Dio group were significantly lower than those in the Sed and PL, and Sed and Dio groups (p < 0.05). Chronic Dioscorea esculenta intake combined with low-intensity resistance exercise may more effectively improve muscle quantity and quality indices in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Inoue
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shinohara
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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14
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Monjo H, Fukumoto Y, Taniguchi M, Yamada Y, Kimura M. Differential association of total and regional muscle mass and quality with physical performance in community-dwelling older adults. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2023; 50:221-228. [PMID: 36626089 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-022-01275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we examined the association among total muscle mass, regional muscle mass, muscle quality, and various types of physical performance in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS This study included 195 community-dwelling older adults (61 males and 134 females). The muscle thickness and echo intensity of the quadriceps femoris and triceps surae were measured using ultrasound, and the skeletal muscle mass index was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical performance was measured using the 30-s standing test (CS30), Timed up-and-go test (TUG), 10-m maximum walking speed (10MWT), vertical jump test (VJT), and grip strength. RESULTS Partial correlation analysis after controlling for age, sex, and body mass index showed that CS30 was significantly correlated with muscle thickness and echo intensity of the quadriceps femoris. The TUG and VJT were significantly correlated with muscle thickness of the triceps surae, and grip strength was significantly correlated with muscle thickness of the triceps surae and skeletal muscle mass index. Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that the echo intensity of the quadriceps femoris was a significant predictor of CS30, and the muscle thickness of the triceps surae was a significant predictor of TUG, VJT, and grip strength, whereas the skeletal muscle mass index was not a significant predictor of any physical performance test. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that regional muscle mass and quality are more important than skeletal muscle mass index for predicting physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Monjo
- Headquarters of Avanzar Co., Ltd., 506-1 Higashifutami, Futami-Town, Akashi, Hyogo, 674-0092, Japan.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1136, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1136, Japan
| | - Masashi Taniguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Misaka Kimura
- Institute for Active Health, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 18 Gotanda-Cho, Yamanouchi, Ukyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8577, Japan
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15
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Baek SH, Sung JH, Park JW, Son MH, Lee JH, Kim BJ. Usefulness of muscle ultrasound in appendicular skeletal muscle mass estimation for sarcopenia assessment. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280202. [PMID: 36649288 PMCID: PMC9844922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The measurement of skeletal muscle mass is essential for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Muscle ultrasonography has emerged as a useful tool for evaluating sarcopenia because it can be used to assess muscle quality and quantity. This study investigated whether muscle ultrasonography is effective for estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and screening for sarcopenia. This study prospectively enrolled 212 healthy volunteers aged 40-80 years. ASM was measured using the bioelectrical impedance analysis. Muscle thickness (MT) and echo-intensity (EI) were measured in four muscles (biceps brachii, BB; triceps brachii, TB; rectus femoris, RF; biceps femoris, BF) on the dominant hand. A hold-out cross-validation method was used to develop and validate the ASM prediction equation. In the model development group, the ASM prediction equations were deduced as follows: estimated ASM for men (kg) = 0.167 × weight (kg) + 0.228 × height (cm) + 0.143 × MT of BF (mm)- 0.822 × EI to MT ratio of BB- 28.187 (R2 = 0.830) and estimated ASM for women (kg) = 0.115 × weight + 0.215 × height (cm) + 0.139 × MT of RF-0.638 × EI to MT ratio of BB- 23.502 (R2 = 0.859). In the cross-validation group, the estimated ASM did not significantly differ from the measured ASM in both men (p = 0.775; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.948) and women (p = 0.516; ICC = 0.973). In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the ratios of EI to MT in the BF and RF muscles in men and MT in the BB muscle in women could be valuable parameters for sarcopenia screening. Therefore, our study suggests that muscle ultrasound could be an effective tool for estimating ASM and screening sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol-Hee Baek
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hye Sung
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hun Son
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Program in Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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16
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Viecelli C, Ewald CY. The non-modifiable factors age, gender, and genetics influence resistance exercise. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1005848. [PMID: 36172603 PMCID: PMC9510838 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1005848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Muscle mass and force are key for movement, life quality, and health. It is well established that resistance exercise is a potent anabolic stimulus increasing muscle mass and force. The response of a physiological system to resistance exercise is composed of non-modifiable (i.e., age, gender, genetics) and modifiable factors (i.e., exercise, nutrition, training status, etc.). Both factors are integrated by systemic responses (i.e., molecular signaling, genetic responses, protein metabolism, etc.), consequently resulting in functional and physiological adaptations. Herein, we discuss the influence of non-modifiable factors on resistance exercise: age, gender, and genetics. A solid understanding of the role of non-modifiable factors might help to adjust training regimes towards optimal muscle mass maintenance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Viecelli
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Collin Y. Ewald
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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17
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Paris MT, Bell KE, Avrutin E, Rosati K, Mourtzakis M. Influence of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Thickness on Rectus Femoris Echo Intensity in Younger and Older Males and Females. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2022; 41:2355-2364. [PMID: 34921442 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ultrasound measurements of muscle echo intensity are commonly used surrogates of muscle composition (eg, intramuscular adipose tissue). However, given that soundwaves are increasingly attenuated with tissue depth, the interpretation of echo intensity may be confounded by adipose and skeletal muscle thickness. Our objectives are to compare the associations between adipose or muscle tissue thickness and rectus femoris echo intensity in younger and older males and females. METHODS Participants included in this analysis were derived from 3 previously published cohorts of younger (<45 years) and older (≥60 years) males and females. Ultrasound images of the rectus femoris were evaluated for muscle thickness, echo intensity, and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness. RESULTS Older adults (n: 49 males, 19 females) had a higher body mass index (P = .001) compared with younger adults (n: 37 males, 49 females). Muscle thickness was negatively associated with echo intensity in older males (r = -0.59) and females (r = -0.53), whereas no associations were observed in younger males (r = 0.00) or females (r = -0.11). Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness displayed no associations with echo intensity in any group. CONCLUSIONS Despite the known influence of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness on beam attenuation, we observed no association with muscle echo intensity, indicating that adipose tissue correction may be required to better understand muscle echo intensity across differences in adiposity. The negative associations between muscle thickness and echo intensity in older, but not younger adults, suggests these associations may be related to the co-occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy and intramuscular adipose tissue infiltration with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Paris
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kirsten E Bell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Egor Avrutin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine Rosati
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marina Mourtzakis
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Kazui T, Hsu CH, Hamidi M, Acharya D, Shanmugasundaram M, Lee K, Chatterjee A, Bull D. Five-meter walk test before transcatheter aortic valve replacement and 1-year noncardiac mortality. JTCVS OPEN 2022; 12:103-117. [PMID: 36590743 PMCID: PMC9801278 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to assess whether the 5-m walk test is associated with 1-year mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Methods Included in the analysis were 304 patients who received the 5-m walk test and underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement from September 2012 to March 2019. They were classified into 3 groups based on their test score: ≤7, >7, and unable to walk. Preprocedure characteristics, postprocedure outcomes, and follow-up outcomes were compared between the groups. Results For the 5-m walk test, 145 had a score ≤7 (Group N), 111 had a score >7 (Group S), and 48 were unable to walk (Group I). Average age in years was 80.2 ± 8.7 years in Group N, 81.2 ± 9.4 years in Group S, and 79.4 ± 9.2 in Group I (P = .23). The aortic valve mean gradient at discharge was 9.5 ± 4.1 mm Hg in Group N, 10.4 ± 5.5 mm Hg in Group S, and 8.2 ± 4.2 mm Hg in Group I (P = .05). The discharge survival was 97.2% in Group N, 96.4% in Group S, and 95.8% in Group I (P = .76). One-year survival was 92.8% in Group N, 84.1% in Group S, and 75% in Group I (P < .01) after adjusting for preprocedure characteristics. Noncardiac death was 5.1% in Group N, 13.1% in Group S, and 22.7% in Group I (P = .03). This indicates that the 5-m walk test was a risk factor for 1-year mortality. More specifically, a poor 5-m walk test score was associated with 1-year noncardiac mortality. Conclusions The 5-m walk test score before transcatheter aortic valve replacement was associated with 1-year mortality, especially noncardiac mortality. It may help identify patients at high risk for 1-year mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Kazui
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Banner University Medical Center-Tucson/University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz,Department of Surgery, Banner University Medical Center-Tucson/University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz,Address for reprints: Toshinobu Kazui, MD, PhD, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of Arizona/Banner University Medical Center-Tucson, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Rm 4302, PO Box 245071, Tucson, AZ 85724-5071.
| | - Chiu-Hsieh Hsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Mohammad Hamidi
- Department of Surgery, Banner University Medical Center-Tucson/University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Deepak Acharya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sarver Heart Center, Banner University Medical Center-Tucson/University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Madhan Shanmugasundaram
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sarver Heart Center, Banner University Medical Center-Tucson/University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Kwan Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sarver Heart Center, Banner University Medical Center-Tucson/University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Arka Chatterjee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sarver Heart Center, Banner University Medical Center-Tucson/University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - David Bull
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Banner University Medical Center-Tucson/University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz,Department of Surgery, Banner University Medical Center-Tucson/University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
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19
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Liang Z, Zhang T, Liu H, Li Z, Peng L, Wang C, Wang T. Inflammaging: The ground for sarcopenia? Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111931. [PMID: 35985553 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disease that occurs most commonly in the elderly population, contributing to increased costs and hospitalization. Exercise and nutritional therapy have been proven to be effective for sarcopenia, and some drugs can also alleviate declines in muscle mass and function due to sarcopenia. However, there is no specific pharmacological treatment for sarcopenia at present. This review will mainly discuss the relationship between inflammaging and sarcopenia. The increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines with aging may be because of cellular senescence, immunosenescence, alterations in adipose tissue, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and gut microbes due to aging. These sources of inflammaging can impact the sarcopenia process through direct or indirect pathways. Conversely, sarcopenia can also aggravate the process of inflammaging, creating a vicious cycle. Targeting sources of inflammaging can influence muscle function, which could be considered a therapeutic target for sarcopenia. Moreover, not only proinflammatory cytokines but also anti-inflammatory cytokines can influence muscle and inflammation and participate in the progression of sarcopenia. This review focuses on the effects of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10, which can be detected in plasma. Therefore, clearing chronic inflammation by targeting proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6) and the inflammatory pathway (JAK/STAT, autophagy, NF-κB) may be effective in treating sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Liang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tianxiao Zhang
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Health Park, CF14 4XN Wales, UK
| | - Honghong Liu
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, NO.37 Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lihong Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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20
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Kitagawa F, Ogawa M, Yoshiko A, Oshida Y, Koike T, Akima H, Tanaka NI. Factors related to trunk intramuscular adipose tissue content - A comparison of younger and older men. Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111922. [PMID: 35964898 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated factors related to trunk intramuscular adipose tissue (IntraMAT) content in younger and older men. Twenty-three healthy younger (20 to 29 years) and 20 healthy older men (63 to 79 years) participated in this study. The trunk IntraMAT content was measured using magnetic resonance imaging at the height of the 3rd lumbar vertebra. In addition to blood properties and physical performance, dietary intake was assessed by a self-administered diet history questionnaire. The dietary intake status was quantified using the nutrient adequacy score for the intake of 10 selected nutrients by summing the number of items that met the criteria of dietary reference intakes for Japanese individuals. The results obtained revealed that the trunk IntraMAT content was significantly higher in the older group than in the younger group (p < 0.05). In the younger group, the trunk IntraMAT content significantly correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and HbA1c (rs = 0.443 to 0.464, p < 0.05). In the older group, significant and negative correlations were observed between the trunk IntraMAT content and 5-m usual walking speed, handgrip strength, and nutrient adequacy scores (rs = -0.485 to -0.713, p < 0.05). These results indicate that factors associated with the trunk IntraMAT content differed in an age dependent manner. In the younger group, the trunk IntraMAT content correlated with the metabolic status such as blood pressure and HbA1c. In the older group, physical performance and the dietary intake status negatively correlated with the trunk IntraMAT content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funa Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Madoka Ogawa
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akito Yoshiko
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Oshida
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Research Center of Health, Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Koike
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Research Center of Health, Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akima
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Research Center of Health, Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Noriko I Tanaka
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Research Center of Health, Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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21
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Yoshiko A, Maeda H, Takahashi H, Koike T, Tanaka N, Akima H. Importance of skeletal muscle lipid levels for muscle function and physical function in older individuals. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:649-658. [PMID: 35839289 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle contains lipids inside (intramyocellular lipids, IMCL) or outside (extramyocellular lipids, EMCL) its cells. The muscle lipid content increases with age; however, the characteristics of IMCL and EMCL in older individuals are not well known. We aimed to examine the characteristics of skeletal muscle lipids by investigating their relationship with muscle function and physical functions. Seven elderly men and 16 elderly women participated. The skeletal muscle lipid content, including IMCL and EMCL, was measured in the vastus lateralis by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Isometric knee extension with maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and time-to-task failure for knee extension with 50% MVC were measured as muscle functions. The participants performed six physical function tests: preferred gait speed, maximal gait speed, Timed Up and Go, chair sit-to-stand, handgrip strength, and stand from the floor. The time to knee extension task failure had a significant relationship with the IMCL (rs = -0.43, P < 0.05), but not with the EMCL content. Significant relationships were confirmed in the EMCL content with the sit-to-stand (rs = -0.48, P < 0.05) and stand-from-the-floor (rs = 0.53, P < 0.05) tests. These findings indicated that muscle lipids are associated with muscle and physical functional performances in older individuals. Novelty: No relationship was confirmed between IMCL and EMCL in older individuals. Muscle endurance performance had a relationship with IMCL, but not with EMCL. Relationships between EMCL and physical functional tests (e.g., sit-to-stand and stand from the floor) were confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Yoshiko
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Maeda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Koike
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noriko Tanaka
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akima
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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22
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Fukumoto Y, Taniguchi M, Hirono T, Yagi M, Yamagata M, Nakai R, Asai T, Yamada Y, Kimura M, Ichihashi N. Influence of ultrasound focus depth on the association between echo intensity and intramuscular adipose tissue. Muscle Nerve 2022; 66:568-575. [PMID: 35822539 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Attenuation of the US wave is a serious limitation of echo intensity (EI) on B-mode ultrasound (US). The aim of this study was to determine if the focus depth of US images influences the depth-dependent attenuation of EI and the relationship between EI and intramuscular adipose tissues (IntraMAT). METHODS The rectus femoris (RF) and vastus intermedius (VI) of the right thigh were studied in 135 adults (92 older, 43 younger). The EI on US images was measured at three focus depth conditions: top of the image, center of the RF, and center of the VI. The depth of the region of interest (ROI) was measured. Using water and fat images based on the two-point Dixon technique with 3.0 T MRI scanner, IntraMAT was calculated. RESULTS The correlation between EI and IntraMAT was stronger in the focus RF and VI conditions than in the focus top condition and stronger for RF than for VI. The depth of the ROI influenced the IntraMAT-adjusted residual EI more in the focus top condition than in the focus RF and VI conditions, and influenced VI more strongly than it did RF. DISCUSSION This study showed that by mitigating EI attenuation, EI with a focus depth adjusted to the ROI reflected IntraMAT more accurately than that without adjustment. However, it may not completely prevent the potential influence of depth-dependent attenuation of EI, especially for deeper muscles such as the VI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masashi Taniguchi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | | | - Masahide Yagi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Momoko Yamagata
- Human Development, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe university
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Asai
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Misaka Kimura
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science
| | - Noriaki Ichihashi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
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23
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Adipose-derived exosomes block muscular stem cell proliferation in aged mouse by delivering miRNA Let-7d-3p that targets transcription factor HMGA2. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102098. [PMID: 35679898 PMCID: PMC9257422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an aging-associated attenuation of muscular volume and strength and is the major cause of frailty and falls in elderly individuals. The number of individuals with sarcopenia is rapidly increasing worldwide; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Sarcopenia often copresents with obesity, and some patients with sarcopenia exhibit accumulation of peri-organ or intra-organ adipose tissue as ectopic fat deposition, including atrophied skeletal muscle. In this study, we showed that transplantation of the perimuscular adipose tissue (PMAT) to the hindlimb thigh muscles of young mice decreased the number of integrin α7/CD29-double positive muscular stem/progenitor cells and that the reaction was mediated by PMAT-derived exosomes. We also found that the inhibition of cell proliferation was induced by Let-7d-3p miRNA that targets HMGA2, which is an important transcription factor for stem cell self-renewal, in muscular stem/progenitor cells and the composite molecular reaction in aged adipocytes. Reduction of Let-7 miRNA repressor Lin28 A/B and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling can lead to the accumulation of Let-7d-3p in the exosomes of aged PMAT. These findings suggest a novel crosstalk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in the development of aging-associated muscular atrophy and indicate that adipose tissue–derived miRNAs may play a key role in sarcopenia.
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24
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Bollen SE, Bass JJ, Fujita S, Wilkinson D, Hewison M, Atherton PJ. The Vitamin D/Vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis in muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. Cell Signal 2022; 96:110355. [PMID: 35595176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy and sarcopenia (the term given to the age-related decline in muscle mass and function), influence an individuals risk of falls, frailty, functional decline, and, ultimately, impaired quality of life. Vitamin D deficiency (low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3)) has been reported to impair muscle strength and increase risk of sarcopenia. The mechanisms that underpin the link between low 25(OH)D3 and sarcopenia are yet to be fully understood but several lines of evidence have highlighted the importance of both genomic and non-genomic effects of active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3)) and its nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), in skeletal muscle functioning. Studies in vitro have demonstrated a key role for the vitamin D/VDR axis in regulating biological processes central to sarcopenic muscle atrophy, such as proteolysis, mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, and adiposity. The aim of this review is to provide a mechanistic overview of the proposed mechanisms for the vitamin D/VDR axis in sarcopenic muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby E Bollen
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK.
| | - Joseph J Bass
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Daniel Wilkinson
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK.
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25
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Jung H, Tanaka S, Tanaka R. Body Composition Characteristics of Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Dynapenia or Sarcopenia. Front Nutr 2022; 9:827114. [PMID: 35548573 PMCID: PMC9083455 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.827114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the differences in muscle and fat masses of the arm and leg between older adults with dynapenia, sarcopenia, or presarcopenia and normal individuals. The percent body fat, lean body mass, and skeletal mass index were measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Muscle function was evaluated using grip strength and walking speed. Participants were classified into four categories. Dynapenia was defined as low muscle function with normal muscle mass. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of both low muscle mass and low muscle function. Presarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass with normal muscle function. Control was defined as normal muscle mass and function. Multivariate analyses of variance were performed separately for women and men to test the main effect of sarcopenia category on body composition. Among the 356 enrolled participants, 270 were women, and 86 were men. In older women, the dynapenia and sarcopenia groups had significantly less muscle mass in the leg than the control group. In older men, the dynapenia group demonstrated a higher body fat mass in the leg than the control group. These results suggest that different strategies are necessary to prevent dynapenia in women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hungu Jung
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Department of Sports, Health and Well-Being, Faculty of Human Health Science, Hiroshima Bunka Gakuen University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Physical Therapy Major, School of Rehabilitation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,*Correspondence: Ryo Tanaka
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26
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Relationship between Rate of Force Development of Tongue Pressure and Physical Performance. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092347. [PMID: 35566473 PMCID: PMC9101244 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the assessment of skeletal muscle strength, rate of force development (RFD) is clinically identified as a functional index that reflects the effects of aging, but there are few reports on RFD of the tongue. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between RFD of tongue pressure (RFD-TP) and oral and whole-body physical performance in older adults, and to clarify its characteristics. We enrolled adults aged ≥65 years with pathological occlusal contact in premolar and molar regions of teeth in the Tamba-Sasayama area, Japan, from 2017 to 2018. Maximum tongue pressure (MTP) and the speed to reach the maximum tongue pressure (RFD-TP) were evaluated as measures of tongue function. Oral functions related to objective measures of tongue function, such as repetitive saliva swallowing test, oral diadochokinesis, and physical status or performance, such as mini mental state examination, body mass index, skeletal mass index, knee extension force, one-leg standing time, grip strength, walking speed, timed up-and-go test, and five-time chair stand speed was evaluated. No significant correlation was found between MTP and age, but RFD-TP had a significant negative correlation with age. Neither RFD-TP nor MTP showed a significant correlation with oral function. RFD-TP was associated with physical performance, such as knee extension force and one-leg standing time. RFD-TP is more sensitive to aging than MTP. In addition, RFD-TP is related to physical performance and may be useful for the early detection of frailty.
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Prediction Model including Gastrocnemius Thickness for the Skeletal Muscle Mass Index in Japanese Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074042. [PMID: 35409723 PMCID: PMC8998399 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive and easy alternative methods to indicate skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) have not been established when dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) cannot be performed. This study aims to construct a prediction model including gastrocnemius thickness using ultrasonography for skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Total of 193 Japanese aged ≥65 years participated. SMI was measured by BIA, and subcutaneous fat thickness and gastrocnemius thickness in the medial gastrocnemius were measured by using ultrasonography, and age, gender and body mass index (BMI), grip strength, and gait speed were collected. The stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted, which incorporated SMI as a dependent variable and age, gender, BMI, gastrocnemius thickness, and other factors as independent variables. Gender, BMI, and gastrocnemius thickness were included as significant factors, and the formula: SMI = 1.27 × gender (men: 1, women: 0) + 0.18 × BMI + 0.09 × gastrocnemius thickness (mm) + 1.3 was shown as the prediction model for SMI (R = 0.89, R2 = 0.8, adjusted R2 = 0.8, p < 0.001). The prediction model for SMI had high accuracy and could be a non-invasive and easy alternative method to predict SMI in Japanese older adults.
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28
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Akazawa N, Kishi M, Hino T, Tsuji R, Tamura K, Hioka A, Moriyama H. Relationship between muscle mass and fraction of intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps in older inpatients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263973. [PMID: 35176070 PMCID: PMC8853500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2021, the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (ISPRM) special interest group on sarcopenia included the quadriceps thickness assessed with ultrasound image as an indicator of muscle mass in the diagnosis criteria of sarcopenia. If quadriceps echo intensity of older inpatients is to be a strong predictor of quadriceps thickness, muscle quality of the quadriceps may be estimated by the muscle mass when diagnosing sarcopenia using the criteria of ISPRM. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between muscle mass and fraction of intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps in older inpatients. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 399 inpatients aged ≥ 65 years. Primary outcomes were muscle mass and fraction of intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps. Images were acquired using a B-mode ultrasound. Muscle mass and fraction of intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps were assessed based on the muscle thickness and echo intensity, respectively. A multiple regression analysis (forced entry method) was performed to confirm whether quadriceps echo intensity was related to quadriceps thickness even after adjusting for other factors. RESULTS In the multiple regression analyses for both male and female models, quadriceps echo intensity (male: β = - 0.537, p < 0.001; female: β = - 0.438, p < 0.001), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (male: β = 0.236, p < 0.001; female: β = 0.213, p < 0.001), and subcutaneous fat thickness of the thigh (male: β = 0.197, p < 0.001; female: β = 0.248, p < 0.001) were independently and significantly associated with quadriceps thickness. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that there is a negative and significant association between muscle mass and fraction of intramuscular adipose tissue in older inpatients. Muscle quality of the quadriceps in older inpatients may be estimated to some extent by the muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Akazawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masaki Kishi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kasei Tamura Hospital, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hino
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kasei Tamura Hospital, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ryota Tsuji
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kasei Tamura Hospital, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kimiyuki Tamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kasei Tamura Hospital, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akemi Hioka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Moriyama
- Life and Medical Sciences Area, Health Sciences Discipline, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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29
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Prushansky T, Kaplan-Gadasi L, Friedman J. The relationship between thoracic posture and ultrasound echo intensity of muscles spanning this region in healthy men and women. Physiother Theory Pract 2022; 39:1257-1265. [PMID: 35125048 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2034076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Skeletal muscle echogenicity intensity (EI) is considered a measure of muscle quality, being associated with old age and pathologies. Whether EI variations can be identified in healthy adults, due to habitual shortened or elongated muscle position is unknown. Thus, this study aimed to assess the relationship between thoracic kyphosis angulation and EI scores of muscles spanning this region ((Lower Trapezius (LT), Rhomboid Major (RM), Erector Spine (ES)) in healthy young people and in addition to examine the relationship between the change in thoracic kyphosis angle from relaxed to upright position (∆°) and the EI of these muscles. METHODS Thoracic kyphosis in relaxed and erect standing was measured using a digital inclinometer in 29 healthy adults (16 women, 13 men), aged 25-35 years. The thoracic kyphosis angles including the difference between relaxed and erect postures (∆°) were correlated to the EI scores of right and left LT, RM and ES. RESULTS No significant differences in EI were found between the 3 muscles EI or between sides, hence they were pooled together to a total thoracic EI score (TTEI). Although the TTEI did not correlate with relaxed or erect thoracic kyphosis, it was significantly but negatively correlated with ∆° in the entire group: Pearson's correlation coefficient of r = -0.544; p = .01 and in men; r = -0.732; p = .01, failing to reach significance in women; r = -0.457. CONCLUSION The negative association between the EI of the explored muscles and ∆° could imply a possible relationship between these muscles range of movement excursions and their composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Prushansky
- Department of Physical Therapy, the Stanley Stayer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lihi Kaplan-Gadasi
- Department of Physical Therapy, the Stanley Stayer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jason Friedman
- Department of Physical Therapy, the Stanley Stayer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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30
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Comparison of Tongue Characteristics Classified According to Ultrasonographic Features Using a K-Means Clustering Algorithm. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020264. [PMID: 35204355 PMCID: PMC8870935 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise correlations among tongue function and characteristics remain unknown, and no previous studies have attempted machine learning-based classification of tongue ultrasonography findings. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to investigate relationships among tongue characteristics and function by classifying ultrasound images of the tongue using a K-means clustering algorithm. During 2017–2018, 236 healthy older participants (mean age 70.8 ± 5.4 years) were enrolled. The optimal number of clusters determined by the elbow method was 3. After analysis of tongue thickness and echo intensity plots, tongues were classified into three groups. One-way ANOVA was used to compare tongue function, tongue pressure, and oral diadochokinesis for /ta/ and /ka/ in each group. There were significant differences in all tongue functions among the three groups. The worst function was observed in patients with the lowest values for tongue thickness and echo intensity (tongue pressure [P = 0.023], /ta/ [P = 0.007], and /ka/ [P = 0.038]). Our results indicate that ultrasonographic classification of tongue characteristics using K-means clustering may aid clinicians in selecting the appropriate treatment strategy. Indeed, ultrasonography is advantageous in that it provides real-time imaging that is non-invasive, which can improve patient follow-up both in the clinic and at home.
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31
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Zhang X, Liu J, Zhang Q, Lu A, Du Y, Ye X. Elevated serum pentosidine is independently associated with the high prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:2054-2061. [PMID: 34002934 PMCID: PMC8565416 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia has recently been recognized as another complication associated with diabetes, but its early screening still lacks clinical markers. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum levels of pentosidine, which is an advanced glycation end-product, and sarcopenia in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and evaluate whether pentosidine could be used as a kind of screening maker. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 182 male type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged ≥50 years were selected in the cross-sectional study for whole-body dual-energy X-ray measurement and calculating the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index. At the same time, handgrip strength and gait speed were assessed. According to the updated consensus on Asian sarcopenia in 2019, the patients were divided into the sarcopenia group (n = 83) and non-sarcopenia group (n = 99). Serum pentosidine levels in the two groups were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum pentosidine was significantly higher in the sarcopenia group (191.27 pmol/mL) than in the non-sarcopenia group (34.93 pmol/mL). Serum pentosidine was negatively correlated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass index and handgrip strength (r = -0.30 and -0.25, respectively; P < 0.05), but not gait speed. The prevalence of sarcopenia increased as the quartile of serum pentosidine increased (P < 0.05). The association between pentosidine and the prevalence of sarcopenia was still significant after additional adjustments (odds ratio 1.01, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pentosidine is an independent risk factor for sarcopenia in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The detection of serum pentosidine levels in clinics might be helpful for the monitoring of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Aijiao Lu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Yunfeng Du
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Xinhua Ye
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhouChina
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Mirón Mombiela R, Vucetic J, Monllor P, Cárdenas-Herrán JS, Taltavull de La Paz P, Borrás C. Diagnostic Performance of Muscle Echo Intensity and Fractal Dimension for the Detection of Frailty Phenotype. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2021; 43:337-352. [PMID: 34238072 DOI: 10.1177/01617346211029656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To determine the relationship between muscle echo intensity (EI) and fractal dimension (FD), and the diagnostic performance of both ultrasound parameters for the identification of frailty phenotype. A retrospective interpretation of ultrasound scans from a previous cohort (November 2014-February 2015) was performed. The sample included healthy participants <60 years old, and participants ≥60 divided into robust, pre-frail, and frail groups according to Fried frailty criteria. A region of interest of the rectus femoris from the ultrasound scan was segmented, and histogram function was applied to obtain EI. For fractal analysis, images were processed using two-dimensional box-counting techniques to calculate FD. Statistical analyses were performed with diagnostic performance tests. A total of 102 participants (mean age 63 ± 16, 57 men) were evaluated. Muscle fractal dimension correlated with EI (r = .38, p < .01) and showed different pattern in the scatter plots when participants were grouped by non-frail (control + robust) and frail (pre-frail + frail). The diagnostic accuracy for EI to categorize frailty was of 0.69 (95%CI: 0.59-0.78, p = .001), with high intra-rater (ICC: 0.98, 95%CI: 0.98-0.99); p < .001) and inter-rater (ICC: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.75-0.95; p < .001) reliability and low measurement error for both parameters (EI: -0.18, LOA95%: -10.8 to 10.5; FD: 0.00, LOA95%: -0.09 to 0.10) in arbitrary units. The ROC curve combining both parameters was not better than EI alone (p = .18). Muscle FD correlated with EI and showed different patterns according to frailty phenotype, with EI outperforming FD as a possible diagnostic tool for frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Mirón Mombiela
- Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Radiologisk Afdeling, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jelena Vucetic
- Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Hospital ICOT Ciudad de Telde, Calle Míster Blisse, Telde, Spain
| | - Paloma Monllor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Consuelo Borrás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), CIBER-ISCIII, Spain
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Unique Characteristics of Quadriceps Muscle Morphology and Function in Older Tennis Players. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:697-704. [PMID: 34706341 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the quadriceps muscle size and quantitative characteristics in older tennis players. Thirty-eight senior tennis players (70.8 ± 5.3 years) and 38 controls (71.6 ± 5.1 years) were included. To measure the muscle size and quality, we measured muscle thickness in the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius, and muscle echo intensity in the RF and vastus lateralis using B-mode transverse ultrasound, respectively. We measured knee extension peak torque for muscle function. Muscle thickness in the RF, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius were significantly larger in tennis players than in controls. Tennis players had a lower echo intensity in RF and a higher knee extension peak torque compared to controls. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis implied that echo intensity and muscle thickness were predictors of knee extension peak torque. Higher muscle quality contributes to a higher knee extension peak torque in tennis players. Playing tennis may prevent age-related muscle atrophy and maintain muscle quality in older individuals.
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Yoshiko A, Kaji T, Kozuka T, Sawazaki T, Akima H. Evaluation of rehabilitation exercise effects by using gradation-based skeletal muscle echo intensity in older individuals: a one-group before-and-after trial study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:485. [PMID: 34488651 PMCID: PMC8422694 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Higher muscle echo intensity (EI) reflects higher content of fat and/or connective tissue within skeletal muscle, eventually inducing lower muscle strength, physical dysfunction, and metabolic impairment. Continuous exercise decreases muscle EI in older individuals; however, it is not well understood how several months’ rehabilitation exercise affects gradation-based EI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 months of rehabilitation exercise on gradation-based higher and lower EI in older men and women. Methods Twenty-seven men and women (7 men, 20 women; age, 75.6 ± 6.4 years; height, 154.3 ± 8.5 cm; weight, 55.8 ± 9.7 kg) participated in this study. This study was a one-group before-and-after trial. They needed long-term care for activities of daily living. They performed rehabilitation exercises consisting of resistance exercises using a hydraulic resistance machine, stretching, and aerobic exercises using a recumbent bicycle once or twice a week for 6 months. B-mode ultrasonographic transverse image was taken from thigh muscles, e.g., rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and biceps femoris. We calculated gradation-based cross-sectional area (CSA) from thigh muscles by dividing 256 greyscale level to 10 different components levels (e.g., 0–24, 25–49, 50–74, …, 200–224 and 225–249 a.u.). Results Lowest EI (e.g., 0–24 a.u.) CSA of thigh muscle was significantly increased after the exercise (0.3 ± 0.3 to 1.0 ± 0.8 cm2; P < 0.05). Middle to higher EI (e.g., 50–74, 75–99, 100–124, 125–149, 150–174, 175–199 and 200–224 a.u.) CSAs were significantly decreased from 23.0 to 68.7% after the exercise (P < 0.05). Conclusions Several months’ rehabilitation exercise affected both lower and higher EI in older men and women. This result suggests that rehabilitation exercise changes muscle composition by increasing contractile muscle tissue and decreasing fat and connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Yoshiko
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Akima
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Varanoske AN, Coker NA, Johnson BADI, Belity T, Wells AJ. Influence of muscle depth and thickness on ultrasound echo intensity of the vastus lateralis. Acta Radiol 2021; 62:1178-1187. [PMID: 32996322 DOI: 10.1177/0284185120958405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasonography is used to evaluate muscle quality (i.e. echo intensity [EI]), but an attenuation of ultrasound waves occurs in deeper tissues, potentially affecting these measures. PURPOSE To determine whether muscle thickness (MT) affects EI and if EI varies between the superficial and deep portions of the muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS MT, EI, subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SAT), tissue depth (DISDEEP), and EI of the overall (EIFULL) as well as deep (EIDEEP) and superficial (EISUPF) portions of the vastus lateralis (VL) were assessed in 33 resistance-trained males using ultrasonography. The difference (EIDIFF) between EISUPF and EIDEEP was calculated. Mean differences between EIFULL, EISUPF, and EIDEEP were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Relationships between measures of muscle depth/ thickness and EI were examined using Pearson's r. RESULTS EISUPF was greater than EIDEEP (P < 0.001) and EIFULL (P < 0.001). MT was negatively correlated with EIFULL (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with EIDIFF (P < 0.001). SAT was not correlated with any EI measure, but DISDEEP was positively correlated with EIDIFF (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION EI of the VL is heterogeneous, as the deeper portion produces lower values than the superficial portion. Thicker muscles present lower EI but have greater discrepancies in EI between the superficial and deep portions. Although SAT was not correlated with EI, DISDEEP was related to EIDIFF, demonstrating that the combination of MT and SAT should be considered when evaluating muscle quality. Future research is necessary to determine if changes in EI following resistance training are driven by increases in MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N Varanoske
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, Division of Kinesiology, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas A Coker
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, Division of Kinesiology, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Bri-Ana DI Johnson
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, Division of Kinesiology, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Tal Belity
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, Division of Kinesiology, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Adam J Wells
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, Division of Kinesiology, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Obst SJ, Florance K, Barber L. Regional Variation in Muscle Echogenicity Is Related to Muscle Thickness in Young Children. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:2467-2476. [PMID: 33941414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative ultrasound of muscle echogenicity may be influenced by the size of the muscle and, so, corrections may be required when comparing echogenicity between populations with different muscle size. This study examined the relationship between regional muscle echogenicity and geometry in young, typically developing children (n = 49, mean ± standard deviation [SD] age = 70.8 ± 30.0 mo). Three-dimensional ultrasound was used to measure mean echo intensity (EI) and echo variation (EV), together with muscle thickness, cross-sectional area (CSA) and width, over the entire muscle length for the medial gastrocnemius (MG), rectus femoris (RF) and tibialis anterior muscles. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was used to assess the strength of the relationship between echogenicity and geometry using all images taken over the entire muscle length. There were moderate-strong correlations (r = 0.67-0.90) between EI and EV and thickness for each muscle, with the strongest correlations evident for the MG and RF. EI and EV were moderately correlated with muscle CSA and weakly correlated with muscle width. Normalisation of echogenicity to muscle thickness may help delineate between regions of contractile and non-contractile tissue and provide a useful measure of muscle echogenicity when comparing muscles of different cross-sectional dimensions. We recommend that researchers consider controlling for muscle size-dependent effects on echogenicity, by normalising EI and EV to muscle thickness, or including the latter as a covariate when comparing between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Obst
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kaysie Florance
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lee Barber
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Chair sit-to-stand performance is associated with diagnostic features of sarcopenia in older men and women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 96:104463. [PMID: 34218157 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standing from a chair is a fundamental activity of daily living, and it can be applied to assess the physical function, especially in older individuals. AIM The aim of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of mechanical and temporal parameters during chair stand based on the relationship with skeletal muscle and physical functional parameters in older men and women. METHODS Eighty older men and women participated in this study. We measured four parameters of chair stand performance: ground reaction force (GRF), rate of force development (RFD), and chair rise time (CRT) were calculated from the foot-floor force data; sit-to-stand (STS) was also assessed by measuring the time needed to complete 10 chair stand repetitions. The muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity, as indexes of muscle size and quality, respectively, were measured using axial B-mode ultrasound images from quadriceps femoris. The gait speed and handgrip strength were measured as physical functional parameters. RESULTS Partial correlation was used to determine the association of chair stand performance with MT, echo intensity, and physical parameters while considering the height, body mass, and age. GRF, RFD, and STS were significantly correlated with MT (r = 0.35, 0.26, and -0.49), gait speed (r = 0.32, 0.31, and -0.67), and handgrip strength (r = 0.57, 0.59, and -0.49). As the result of regression analysis, MT, gait speed, and handgrip strength were estimated by GRF and STS. CONCLUSION These results suggest that chair stand performance is useful as it reflects the muscle size and physical functions in older individuals.
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Paramalingam S, Needham M, Raymond W, Mastaglia F, Lightowler D, Morin N, Counsel P, Keen HI. Muscle shear wave elastography, conventional B mode and power doppler ultrasonography in healthy adults and patients with autoimmune inflammatory myopathies: a pilot cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:537. [PMID: 34118902 PMCID: PMC8199828 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Before the role of shear wave elastography (SWE) and B mode ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of different forms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) can be investigated, normative data is required. This study aimed to describe and then compare normative SWE and B mode ultrasound metrics of muscles in healthy controls and patients with IIM. Methods Twenty nine healthy adult controls and 10 IIM patients (5 with inclusion body myositis and 5 with necrotising autoimmune myopathy) underwent a full clinical examination, laboratory investigations, SWE and US measurements of selected proximal and distal limb muscles. Shear wave speed (SWS) and multiple US domains [echogenicity, fascial thickness, muscle bulk and power Doppler (PD)] were measured in both groups. Results In healthy controls (n = 29; mean age 46.60 ± 16.10; 44.8 % female), age was inversely correlated with SWS at the deltoid (stretch) (Rs. -0.40, p = 0.030) and PD score at the deltoid (rest) (Rs. -0.40, P = 0.032). Those ≥ 50 years old had a lower SWS at the deltoid (stretch) compared to the < 50 year group (2.92 m/s vs. 2.40 m/s, P = 0.032). Age correlated with increased echogenicity in the flexor digitorum profundus (Rs. 0.38, P = 0.045). Females had a smaller muscle bulk in the deltoid (P = 0.022). Body mass index (BMI) was inversely associated with SWS in the deltoid (stretch) (Rs – 0.45, P = 0.026), and positively correlated with echogenicity in the deltoid (Rs. 0.69, P = 0.026). In patients ≥50 years of age, patients with IIM (mean age 61.00 ± 8.18; females 20.0 %) had a higher proportion of abnormal echogenicity scores at the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) (40.00 % vs. 14.30 %, P = 0.022) and tibialis anterior (TA) (80.00 % vs. 28.60 %, P = 0.004). Fascial thickness was lower in the FDP (0.63mm vs. 0.50mm, p = 0.012) and TA (0.58mm vs. 0.45mm, P = 0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest there is scope for US techniques to be useful for diagnostic screening of affected muscles in patients with IIM, especially in those with suspected inclusion body myositis or necrotising autoimmune myopathy. We provide normative data for future studies into SWE and US techniques in skeletal muscle. The differences between IIM patients and controls warrant further study in a broader IIM patient cohort. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-021-04424-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Paramalingam
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia. .,Department of Rheumatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, 11 Robin Warren Dr, Western Australia, 6150, Murdoch, Australia.
| | - Merrilee Needham
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.,Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Warren Raymond
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Frank Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Lightowler
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Narelle Morin
- Sonowest Healthcare, Siemens Healthineers, Bayswater, Australia
| | - Peter Counsel
- Department of Radiology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Helen Isobel Keen
- Department of Rheumatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, 11 Robin Warren Dr, Western Australia, 6150, Murdoch, Australia.,University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Takamatsu Y, Aiba I. Skeletal muscle loss and body composition in progressive supranuclear palsy: A retrospective cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253079. [PMID: 34111224 PMCID: PMC8192011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skeletal muscle mass loss has been associated with decreased physical performance; however, the body composition characteristics in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are not well understood. We investigated body composition parameters, focusing on skeletal muscle mass, in patients with PSP and compared them with those of healthy older adults. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study included 39 patients with PSP and 30 healthy older adults (control group). Using a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, we measured the skeletal mass index (SMI), basal metabolism, extracellular water/total body water ratio (ECW/TBW), and body fat percentage and examined the relationship between SMI and age, body mass index (BMI) and other body composition parameters. RESULTS The PSP group had a higher rate of low muscle mass (56.4%) than the control group (10.0%), although the ages and BMIs were similar. The leg SMI was lower for the PSP group, while the ECW/TBW was higher for the PSP group. The basal metabolism was lower for the PSP group than for the controls but only in the women. The basal metabolism and BMI showed a significant correlation with SMI in the PSP group. There was a significant correlation between SMI and age, ECW/TBW, and body fat percentage in the PSP group but only in the women. CONCLUSION This study is the first to show that a high proportion of patients with PSP have low muscle mass. We showed differences in terms of sex in muscle mass loss in women with PSP, which was associated with inactivity and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Takamatsu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Aiba
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Higashinagoya National Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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40
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Paris MT, Mourtzakis M. Muscle Composition Analysis of Ultrasound Images: A Narrative Review of Texture Analysis. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:880-895. [PMID: 33451817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle composition, often characterized by the degree of intramuscular adipose tissue, deteriorates with aging and disease and contributes to impairments in function and metabolism. Ultrasound can provide surrogate measures of muscle composition through measurement of echo intensity; however, there are several limitations associated with its analysis. More complex image processing features, broadly known as texture analysis, can also provide surrogates of muscle composition and may circumvent some of the limitations associated with muscle echo intensity. Here, texture features from the intensity histogram, gray-level co-occurrence matrix, run-length matrix, local binary pattern, blob analysis, texture anisotropy index and wavelet analysis are discussed. The purpose of this review was to provide a conceptual understanding of texture analysis as it pertains to muscle composition of ultrasound images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Paris
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Marina Mourtzakis
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Johnson NR, Kotarsky CJ, Hackney KJ, Trautman KA, Dicks ND, Byun W, Keith JF, David SL, Stastny SN. Measures Derived from Panoramic Ultrasonography and Animal-Based Protein Intake Are Related to Muscular Performance in Middle-Aged Adults. J Clin Med 2021; 10:988. [PMID: 33801196 PMCID: PMC7957891 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonography advantageously measures skeletal muscle size and quality, but some muscles may be too large to capture with standardized brightness mode (B-mode) imaging. Panoramic ultrasonography can capture more complete images and may more accurately measure muscle size. We investigated measurements made using panoramic compared to B-mode ultrasonography images of the rectus femoris with muscular performance. Concurrently, protein intake plays an important role in preventing sarcopenia; therefore, we also sought to investigate the association between animal-based protein intake (ABPI) and muscular performance. Ninety-one middle-aged adults were recruited. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and thickness were obtained using B-mode and panoramic ultrasound and analyzed with Image J software. Muscular performance was assessed using isokinetic dynamometry, a 30-s chair test, and handgrip strength. Three-day food diaries estimated dietary intakes. Linear regression models determined relationships between measures from ultrasonography and muscular performance. Mixed linear models were used to evaluate the association between ABPI and muscular performance. Muscle CSA from panoramic ultrasonography and ABPI were positively associated with lower-body strength (β ± S.E.; CSA, 42.622 ± 20.024, p = 0.005; ABPI, 65.874 ± 19.855, p = 0.001), lower-body endurance (β ± S.E.; CSA, 595 ± 200.221, p = 0.001; ABPI, 549.944 ± 232.478, p = 0.020), and handgrip strength (β ± S.E.; CSA, 6.966 ± 3.328, p = 0.004; ABPI, 0.349 ± 0.171, p = 0.045). Panoramic ultrasound shows promise as a method for assessing sarcopenia. ABPI is related to better muscular performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R. Johnson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA; (N.R.J.); (K.J.H.); (S.L.D.)
| | - Christopher J. Kotarsky
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA;
| | - Kyle J. Hackney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA; (N.R.J.); (K.J.H.); (S.L.D.)
| | - Kara A. Trautman
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, MN 56082, USA;
| | - Nathan D. Dicks
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Exercise Science, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN 56562, USA;
| | - Wonwoo Byun
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Jill F. Keith
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
| | - Shannon L. David
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA; (N.R.J.); (K.J.H.); (S.L.D.)
| | - Sherri N. Stastny
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA; (N.R.J.); (K.J.H.); (S.L.D.)
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Girts RM, MacLennan RJ, Harmon KK, Stock MS. Is skeletal muscle echo intensity more indicative of voluntary or involuntary strength in young women? TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Girts
- Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - Rob J. MacLennan
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA
| | - Kylie K. Harmon
- Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - Matt S. Stock
- Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
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Suwa M. The correlation between toe flexor strength and performance-based measures of physical fitness in the elderly. J Phys Ther Sci 2021; 33:37-39. [PMID: 33519072 PMCID: PMC7829556 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.33.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To examine the correlation between toe flexor strength (TFS) and physical
fitness performance measurements and their gender differences in the elderly.
[Participants and Methods] Japanese males (n=50) and females (n=121), aged 65–88 years,
participated in this study. We measured TFS, handgrip strength (HGS), knee extensor
strength (KES), sit-and-reach distance (SR), and functional reach (FR). [Results] The
female participants had significantly lower TFS, KES, and HGS than the male participants;
however, the female participants had a significantly higher SR than that the male
participants. FR was not significantly different between males and females. In males, TFS
was significantly correlated with HGS, KES, SR, and FR. In females, TFS had correlations
with HGS, KES, and FR; however, no correlation with SR was found. We could observe these
correlations even after adjustment for age and body weight. [Conclusion] Elderly male had
higher TFS than elderly females. In addition, TFS was correlated with all the physical
fitness measurements in the male participants and all the measurements except for SR in
the female participants. Gender and aging may explain the inconsistent results between SR
and other physical fitness performance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Suwa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Koriyama Women's University: 3-25-2 Kaisei, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8503, Japan.,Faculty of Life Design, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Japan
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Kokura Y, Kato M, Kimoto K, Okada Y, Habu D. Relationship between Energy Intake and Changes in Thigh Echo Intensity during the Acute Phase of Stroke in Older Patients with Hemiplegia. Med Princ Pract 2021; 30:493-500. [PMID: 34348295 PMCID: PMC8562031 DOI: 10.1159/000517950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between energy intake and changes in thigh echo intensity (TEI) during the acute phase of stroke in older patients with hemiplegia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Older hemiplegic inpatients with stroke were enrolled in this post hoc analysis of a prospective observational study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to energy intake during the 7 days after admission as follows: energy sufficient (ES) and energy insufficient (EIS) groups. The outcome was the rate of changes in TEI of the paralyzed and nonparalyzed sides between admission and after 4 weeks. A decrease in skeletal muscle quality is defined as an increase in intramuscular adipose tissues, which shows as an increase in echo intensity. RESULTS The study included 44 males and 39 females (median age 81 years). The rate of change of TEI in each group was as follows: +4.5% in the ES/paralyzed group, +6.7% in the EIS/paralyzed group, -0.9% in the ES/nonparalyzed group, and +4.4% in the EIS/nonparalyzed group. The univariate analyses showed no significant difference in the rate of change in TEI between ES and EIS groups in both paralyzed side (p = 0.190) and nonparalyzed side (p = 0.183). Multivariate analysis showed that higher energy intake was associated with a smaller increase in the rate of change in TEI on the nonparalyzed side (B = -4.115, 95% confidence interval, -7.127 to -1.103). CONCLUSIONS Higher energy intake during 7 days after admission was associated with a smaller increase in the rate of change in TEI on the nonparalyzed side upon admission and after 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kokura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Keiju Medical Center, Nanao, Japan
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- *Yoji Kokura,
| | - Mayumi Kato
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, National University Corporation Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Yoshie Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keiju Medical Center, Nanao, Japan
| | - Daiki Habu
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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Isaka M, Sugimoto K, Fujimoto T, Yasunobe Y, Xie K, Onishi Y, Yoshida S, Takahashi T, Kurinami H, Akasaka H, Takeya Y, Yamamoto K, Rakugi H. The utility of the ultrasonographic assessment of the lower leg muscles to evaluate sarcopenia and muscle quality in older adults. JCSM CLINICAL REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/crt2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Isaka
- Geriatric and General Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2‐2, Yamada‐Oka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
- Physical Therapy Osaka Yukioka College of Health Science Osaka Ibaraki Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Geriatric and General Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2‐2, Yamada‐Oka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Geriatric and General Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2‐2, Yamada‐Oka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
| | - Yukiko Yasunobe
- Geriatric and General Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2‐2, Yamada‐Oka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
| | - Keyu Xie
- Geriatric and General Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2‐2, Yamada‐Oka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
| | - Yuri Onishi
- Geriatric and General Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2‐2, Yamada‐Oka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
| | - Shino Yoshida
- Geriatric and General Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2‐2, Yamada‐Oka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Kurinami
- Geriatric and General Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2‐2, Yamada‐Oka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Geriatric and General Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2‐2, Yamada‐Oka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
| | - Yasushi Takeya
- Geriatric and General Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2‐2, Yamada‐Oka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Geriatric and General Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2‐2, Yamada‐Oka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Geriatric and General Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2‐2, Yamada‐Oka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
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Akima H, Yoshiko A, Radaelli R, Ogawa M, Shimizu K, Tomita A, Maeda H, Neske R, Teodoro J, Maeda K, Tanaka N, Pinto R. Comparison of muscle quality and functional capacity between Japanese and Brazilian older individuals. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243589. [PMID: 33326469 PMCID: PMC7743983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle quality is well-known to decrease with aging and is a risk factor for metabolic abnormalities. However, there is a lack of information on race-associated differences in muscle quality and other neuromuscular features related to functional performance. This study aimed to compare muscle quality, function, and morphological characteristics in Japanese and Brazilian older individuals. Eighty-four participants aged 65–87 years were enrolled in the study (42 Japanese: 23 men, 19 women, mean age 70.4 years; 42 Brazilians: 23 men, 19 women, mean age 70.8 years). Echo intensity (EI) and muscle thickness (MT) of the quadriceps femoris were measured using B-mode ultrasonography. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with EI as a dependent variable revealed that MT was a significant variable for Japanese participants (R2 = 0.424, P = 0.001), while MT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) thickness were significant variables for Brazilian participants (R2 = 0.490, P = 0.001). A second stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed after excluding MT and SCAT thickness from the independent variables. Sex and age for Japanese participants (R2 = 0.381, P = 0.001) and lean body mass and body mass index for Brazilian participants (R2 = 0.385, P = 0.001) were identified as significant independent variables. The present results suggest that MT is closely correlated with muscle quality in Japanese and Brazilian older individuals. Increases in muscle size may induce decreases in intramuscular adipose tissue and/or connective tissues, which are beneficial for reducing the risks of metabolic impairments in Japanese and Brazilian older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Akima
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Education & Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akito Yoshiko
- School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Régis Radaelli
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Port Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Madoka Ogawa
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Shimizu
- Graduate School of Education & Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aya Tomita
- School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Maeda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rodrigo Neske
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Port Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Teodoro
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Port Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kazuhiro Maeda
- Graduate School of Education & Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noriko Tanaka
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Education & Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ronei Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Port Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Pinto RS, Pinto MD. Moving forward with the echo intensity mean analysis: Exploring echo intensity bands in different age groups. Exp Gerontol 2020; 145:111179. [PMID: 33310151 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study compared ultrasound characteristics in youth, younger adults, and older adults using two different methods of analysis: based on clusters of pixel concentration of the grayscale (i.e. EI bands) and the traditionally calculated echo intensity mean. Forty-four healthy youth (13.3 ± 1.4 y), 22 younger adults (31.8 ± 10.1 y) and 53 older adults (66.7 ± 4.6 y) volunteered for the assessment of rectus femoris EI via ultrasonography. Pixel concentration (i.e. EI bands) was calculated in intervals of 0-50, 51-100, 101-150, 151-200, and 201-255 of the gray scale, while EI mean was determined as the average pixels from 0 to 255. EI0-50 significantly decreased with group age, while EI51-100, 101-150, 151-200, 201-255 and EI mean increased (P < 0.001). The differences between groups were greater using EI0-50 compared to the EI mean (i.e. EI0-50: youth = ~353% and younger adults = ~251% > older adults; whereas EI mean: youth = ~46% and younger adults = 29% < older adults). These results potentially indicate that EI bands method offer different information than the EI mean method. In addition, EI bands may be a promising approach to understand tissue-specific adaptations to physical training and neuromuscular diseases, yet future studies should validate this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Daros Pinto
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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48
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Ogawa N, Wakabayashi H, Mori T, Fujishima I, Oshima F, Itoda M, Kunieda K, Shigematsu T, Nishioka S, Tohara H, Ohno T, Nomoto A, Shimizu A, Yamada M, Ogawa S. Digastric muscle mass and intensity in older patients with sarcopenic dysphagia by ultrasonography. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 21:14-19. [PMID: 33227825 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate digastric muscle mass and intensity between no sarcopenic dysphagia and sarcopenic dysphagia. METHODS Patients aged ≥65 years were enrolled. According to the diagnostic algorithm for sarcopenic dysphagia, the patients were divided into two groups, no sarcopenic dysphagia and sarcopenic dysphagia. Handgrip strength, gait speed, skeletal muscle mass, tongue pressure, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form and Food Intake LEVEL Scale were investigated. Digastric muscle mass and intensity were examined by ultrasonography. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent factors for the presence of sarcopenic dysphagia. To estimate the accuracy of diagnosing sarcopenic dysphagia, a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed for digastric muscle mass and intensity. RESULTS Forty-five patients (mean ± SD, 84.3 ± 7.8 years, 22 men, 23 women) including 19 no sarcopenic dysphagia and 26 sarcopenic dysphagia were examined. In sarcopenic dysphagia, lower BMI, Food Intake LEVEL Scale, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form and smaller muscle mass and greater muscle intensity were found compared with no sarcopenic dysphagia. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, digastric muscle mass and intensity were identified as independent factors for sarcopenic dysphagia. The cut-off value of muscle mass was 75.1 mm2 (area under curve: 0.731, sensitivity: 0.692, specificity: 0.737) and muscle intensity was 27.8 (area under curve: 0.823, sensitivity: 0.923, specificity: 0.632). CONCLUSIONS Digastric muscle mass was smaller and muscle intensity was greater in sarcopenic dysphagia than no sarcopenic dysphagia. Ultrasonography of digastric muscle, as well as the tongue and geniohyoid muscle, is useful. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 14-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Ogawa
- Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Wakabayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Fujishima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fumiko Oshima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Suwa Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masataka Itoda
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka Dental University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kunieda
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Shigematsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seirei Awaji Hospital, Awaji, Japan
| | - Shinta Nishioka
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Services, Nagasaki Rehabilitation Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Haruka Tohara
- Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Ohno
- Department of Dentistry, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Nomoto
- Department of Dentistry, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Department of Nutrition, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamada
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumito Ogawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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49
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Akima H, Yoshiko A, Ogawa M, Maeda H, Tomita A, Ando R, Tanaka NI. Quadriceps echo intensity can be an index of muscle size regardless of age in 65 or more years old. Exp Gerontol 2020; 138:111015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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50
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Monjo H, Fukumoto Y, Asai T, Kubo H, Ohshima K, Tajitsu H, Koyama S. Differences in muscle thickness and echo intensity between stroke survivors and age- and sex-matched healthy older adults. Phys Ther Res 2020; 23:188-194. [PMID: 33489658 DOI: 10.1298/ptr.e10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The stroke survivors exhibit change in muscle quantity and quality compared to healthy older adults. This study aimed to compare the muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI) values of individual muscles between stroke survivors and age- and sex-matched healthy older adults. METHODS In total, 27 stroke survivors and 34 healthy older adults participated in this study. The MT and EI values of the following muscles were assessed from transverse ultrasound images: rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius (VI), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius (Gas), and soleus (Sol). The MT and EI values of these muscles were compared between stroke survivors and healthy older adults. RESULTS The MT values of the VL, VM, and RA on the non-paretic sides were significantly higher and those of the TA, Gas, and Sol on the paretic sides were significantly lower in the stroke survivors than in the healthy older adults (P < 0.05). The EI values of the VI, VL, VM, TA on the paretic sides and those of the Gas on both the paretic and non-paretic sides were significantly higher in the stroke survivors than in the healthy older adults (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Stroke survivors seem to develop muscle hypertrophy of the non-paretic thigh muscles owing to a compensatory strategy. In addition, the lower-leg muscles on the paretic side of stroke survivors tend to show both quantitative and qualitative muscle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University
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